Article(id=1308842036980187872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308841897058198067, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2026-0075, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1768752000000, receivedDateStr=2026-01-19, revisedDate=1776528000000, revisedDateStr=2026-04-19, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789981858725, onlineDateStr=2026-09-21, pubDate=1783785600000, pubDateStr=2026-07-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789981858725, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789981858725, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789981858725, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1308841897058198067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2026', volume='61', issue='7', pageStart='2377', pageEnd='2820', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1783785600000', pubDateStr='2026-07-12', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789981825365, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789984154811, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1308851667525792021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308841897058198067, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1308851667525792022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308841897058198067, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2660, endPage=2667, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1308842037189903073, articleId=1308842036980187872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=HPLC specific chromatogram and multi-component determination of Lepidii Semen, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Due to the inability of the current quality standards to effectively control the quality of Lepidii Semen, this study established the HPLC characteristic chromatogram and multi-component content determination method for Lepidii Semen. Using a NanoChrom ChromCore HP AQ C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) with acetonitrile and 0.2% phosphoric acid aqueous solution as the mobile phase for gradient elution at a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1, with a column temperature of 35 ℃, and detection wavelength of 210 nm. The characteristic HPLC chromatogram of Lepidii Semen was established with twelve characteristic peaks marked, eleven of which were identified by comparison with reference standards. The similarity of 13 batches of market-sourced samples exceeded 0.90. The established chromatogram effectively distinguished Lepidii Semen from four other cruciferous seeds and four common adulterants. The method was simultaneously applied to determine the contents of glucotropaeolin (GPL), glucoerucin (GR), sinapine thiocyanate (SPT), and quercetin-3-O-β-D-[2-O-(6-O-sinapoyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-glucopyranoside (QSGG). Two detection wavelengths (210 and 330 nm) were selected based on the maximum absorption of each compound. Method validation confirmed that the method possesses high specificity, good linearity, and satisfactory precision, repeatability, stability, and recovery rates. The contents range of GPL, GR, SPT and QSGG in 13 batches of Lepidii Semen were 1.58%-2.40%, 1.27%-1.78%, 0.22%-0.27%, and 0.28%-0.42%, respectively. The established HPLC characteristic chromatogram and multi-component content determination methods are stable and reliable, providing a scientific basis for the quality control and evaluation of Lepidii Semen, standardization of the herbal market and rational clinical use.

, authors=Tian-zi LIU1, 2, Ting-ting FANG1, 2, Yi-lian ZHANG1, 2, Li PAN3, Li-hua GU1, 2, *, Li YANG1, 2, Zheng-tao WANG1, 2, *, authorsList=Tian-zi LIU, Ting-ting FANG, Yi-lian ZHANG, Li PAN, Li-hua GU, Li YANG, Zheng-tao WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Li-hua GU, Zheng-tao WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2026 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1308842039815537388, articleId=1308842036980187872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=北葶苈子HPLC特征图谱和多成分含量测定, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

北葶苈子现行标准无法有效控制其质量, 本研究采用HPLC法同时建立北葶苈子特征图谱和多成分含量测定方法。采用NanoChrom ChromCore HP AQ C18色谱柱(250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm), 以乙腈(A)-0.2%磷酸水溶液(B) 为流动相进行梯度洗脱, 柱温35 ℃, 检测波长为210 nm, 建立北葶苈子的特征图谱, 共标定12个特征峰, 指认其中11个特征峰, 13批样品相似度均大于0.90, 该特征图谱可有效区分北葶苈子与其他4种十字花科种子药材及4种常见混淆品。同步采用该方法测定北葶苈子中关键成分金莲葡糖硫苷(glucotropaeolin, GPL)、芝麻菜苷(glucoerucin, GR)、芥子碱硫氰酸盐(sinapine thiocyanate, SPT) 及槲皮素-3-O-β-D-[2-O-(6-O-芥子酰基)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基]-吡喃葡萄糖苷(quercetin-3-O-β-D-[2-O-(6-O-sinapoyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-glucopyranoside, QSGG) 的含量, 根据成分最大吸收选择两种检测波长(210和330 nm)。方法学考察结果表明该方法专属性强, 各成分线性关系良好, 精密度、重复性、稳定性及加样回收率均符合要求。13批样品中GPL、GR、SPT、QSGG的含量分别在1.58%~2.40%、1.27%~1.78%、0.22%~0.27%、0.28%~0.42%之间, 依据平均值拟定含量限度。该研究建立的HPLC特征图谱及多成分含量测定方法稳定可靠, 为北葶苈子药材质量控制与评价、药材市场规范及临床合理用药提供了科学依据。

, authors=刘天资1, 2, 方婷婷1, 2, 张轶莲1, 2, 潘丽3, 谷丽华1, 2, *, 杨莉1, 2, 王峥涛1, 2, *, authorsList=刘天资, 方婷婷, 张轶莲, 潘丽, 谷丽华, 杨莉, 王峥涛, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=谷丽华, 王峥涛, authorNote=

#

共同第一作者.

作者贡献:

谷丽华、王峥涛收集药材和设计实验; 刘天资采集实验数据; 刘天资、方婷婷、张轶莲和潘丽分析数据; 刘天资、方婷婷、谷丽华、杨莉和王峥涛撰写和修改论文。

, correspAuthorsNote=
谷丽华, E-mail:
王峥涛, E-mail:
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Chin Tradit Pat Med (中成药), 2021, 43: 901-907., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308842048871039816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842036980187872, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=16, rfOrder=15, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang J, Zeng Z, Lei S, et al. Sinapine thiocyanate inhibits the proliferation and mobility of pancreatic cancer cells by up-regulating GADD45A [J]. 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R: Reference, figureFileSmall=HmY/zZu6nyxpQcjB74qw+A==, figureFileBig=yIlFD59WMW84U3xa8rsm5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308842044928394027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842036980187872, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=qw9rKIFfhudkkClXJFu21Q==, figureFileBig=Ac/SOHfOcwvNbrkArg84fQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308842045016474412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842036980187872, language=CN, label=Fig.3, caption=HPLC chromatograms of five seeds from closely related species of Cruciferae family. A: Seeds of Lepidium apetalum; B: Seeds of Descurainia sophia; C: Seeds of Raphanus sativus; D: Seeds of Sinapis alba; E: Seeds of Brassica juncea, figureFileSmall=qw9rKIFfhudkkClXJFu21Q==, figureFileBig=Ac/SOHfOcwvNbrkArg84fQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308842045100360493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842036980187872, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=RFakDu7MuB6xQd8AjSuxPA==, figureFileBig=CjgHDl/KX2aIdPZNYH42iA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308842045163275054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842036980187872, language=CN, label=Fig.4, caption=HPLC chromatograms of Lepidii Semen and four adulterant seeds. A: Seeds of Lepidium apetalum; B: Seeds of Thlaspi arvense; C: Seeds of Eruca vesicaria; D: Seeds of Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa; E: Seeds of Brassica napus, figureFileSmall=RFakDu7MuB6xQd8AjSuxPA==, figureFileBig=CjgHDl/KX2aIdPZNYH42iA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308842045230383919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842036980187872, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=eqydOPXz0R7thptMwIHe+Q==, figureFileBig=r0Vvhu9LBmcZvQLjW9FzIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308842045318464304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842036980187872, language=CN, label=Fig.5, caption=HPLC chromatograms of blank solvent (A), mixed reference solution (B) and test solution of Lepidii Semen (C). 1: Glucotropaeolin; 2: Glucoerucin; 3: Sinapine thiocyanate; 4: Quercetin-3-O-β-D-[2-O-(6-O-sinapoyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-glucopyranoside, figureFileSmall=eqydOPXz0R7thptMwIHe+Q==, figureFileBig=r0Vvhu9LBmcZvQLjW9FzIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308842045402350385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842036980187872, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Sample No.OriginCollection locationIdentification
BTLZ-1AnhuiBozhou, AnhuiLepidium apetalum
BTLZ-2Nei MongolHunan Institute for Drug ControlL. apetalum
BTLZ-3Nei MongolHunan Institute for Drug ControlL. apetalum
BTLZ-4Nei MongolHunan Institute for Drug ControlL. apetalum
BTLZ-5DongbeiDongbeiL. apetalum
BTLZ-6DongbeiDongbeiL. apetalum
BTLZ-7Nei MongolNei MongolL. apetalum
BTLZ-8JilinBozhou, AnhuiL. apetalum
BTLZ-9AnhuiAnhuiL. apetalum
BTLZ-10Nei MongolNei MongolL. apetalum
BTLZ-11AnhuiBozhou, AnhuiL. apetalum
BTLZ-12AnhuiBozhou, AnhuiL. apetalum
BTLZ-13AnhuiBozhou, AnhuiL. apetalum
NTLZ-1AnhuiBozhou, AnhuiDescurainia sophia
LFZ-1UnknownBozhou, AnhuiRaphanus sativus
HJZ-1UnknownBozhou, AnhuiBrassica juncea
BJZ-1UnknownBozhou, AnhuiSinapis alba
ZMZ-1JiangsuSuqian, JiangsuEruca sativa
DYZ-1UnknownShaoguan, GuangdongEruca vesicaria subsp. sativa
XMZ-1HebeiBozhou, AnhuiThlaspi arvense
YCZ-1HeinanSuqian, JiangsuBrassica napus
), ArticleFig(id=1308842045511402290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842036980187872, language=CN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Sample information

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Sample No.OriginCollection locationIdentification
BTLZ-1AnhuiBozhou, AnhuiLepidium apetalum
BTLZ-2Nei MongolHunan Institute for Drug ControlL. apetalum
BTLZ-3Nei MongolHunan Institute for Drug ControlL. apetalum
BTLZ-4Nei MongolHunan Institute for Drug ControlL. apetalum
BTLZ-5DongbeiDongbeiL. apetalum
BTLZ-6DongbeiDongbeiL. apetalum
BTLZ-7Nei MongolNei MongolL. apetalum
BTLZ-8JilinBozhou, AnhuiL. apetalum
BTLZ-9AnhuiAnhuiL. apetalum
BTLZ-10Nei MongolNei MongolL. apetalum
BTLZ-11AnhuiBozhou, AnhuiL. apetalum
BTLZ-12AnhuiBozhou, AnhuiL. apetalum
BTLZ-13AnhuiBozhou, AnhuiL. apetalum
NTLZ-1AnhuiBozhou, AnhuiDescurainia sophia
LFZ-1UnknownBozhou, AnhuiRaphanus sativus
HJZ-1UnknownBozhou, AnhuiBrassica juncea
BJZ-1UnknownBozhou, AnhuiSinapis alba
ZMZ-1JiangsuSuqian, JiangsuEruca sativa
DYZ-1UnknownShaoguan, GuangdongEruca vesicaria subsp. sativa
XMZ-1HebeiBozhou, AnhuiThlaspi arvense
YCZ-1HeinanSuqian, JiangsuBrassica napus
), ArticleFig(id=1308842045595288371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842036980187872, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
AnalyteRegression equationCorrelation coefficientLinear range/μg·mL-1LOQ/μg·mL-1LOD/μg·mL-1
GPLY = 5 972.9X + 8.365 90.999 930.9-513.45.7741.732
GRY = 3 114.6X + 5.492 10.999 957.5-667.45.6961.709
SPTY = 14 004X - 15.4800.999 711.6-154.40.2480.074
QSGGY = 11 574X + 110.570.999 417.3-173.51.3200.396
), ArticleFig(id=1308842045679174452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842036980187872, language=CN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Linear relationship of four compounds in Lepidii Semen. GPL: Glucotropaeolin; GR: Glucoerucin; SPT: Sinapine thiocyanate; QSGG: Quercetin-3-O-β-D-[2-O-(6-O-sinapoyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-glucopyranoside; LOQ: Limit of quantitation; LOD: Limit of detection

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
AnalyteRegression equationCorrelation coefficientLinear range/μg·mL-1LOQ/μg·mL-1LOD/μg·mL-1
GPLY = 5 972.9X + 8.365 90.999 930.9-513.45.7741.732
GRY = 3 114.6X + 5.492 10.999 957.5-667.45.6961.709
SPTY = 14 004X - 15.4800.999 711.6-154.40.2480.074
QSGGY = 11 574X + 110.570.999 417.3-173.51.3200.396
), ArticleFig(id=1308842045754671925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842036980187872, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
AnalyteOrigin
/mg
Added
/mg
Found
/mg
Recovery
/%
Mean recovery/%RSD
/%
GPL2.8611.5434.423101.298.873.84
2.8611.5434.498106.1
2.8611.5434.35096.47
2.8613.0865.78194.63
2.8613.0865.88798.05
2.8613.0865.74793.52
2.8614.6297.507100.4
2.8614.6297.44799.07
2.8614.6297.509100.4
GR2.4941.6694.13998.57100.83.66
2.4941.6694.04993.18
2.4941.6694.14498.90
2.4942.6705.199101.3
2.4942.6705.308105.4
2.4942.6705.188100.9
2.4944.0046.635103.4
2.4944.0046.678104.5
2.4944.0046.543101.1
SPT0.513 70.231 70.724 891.1796.284.71
0.513 70.231 70.724 791.10
0.513 70.231 70.724 591.03
0.513 70.463 30.978 2100.3
0.513 70.463 30.970 898.67
0.513 70.463 30.945 293.14
0.513 70.695 01.216101.1
0.513 70.695 01.20399.23
0.513 70.695 01.214100.8
QSGG0.583 80.223 00.803 298.3897.692.78
0.583 80.223 00.797 295.66
0.583 80.223 00.791 192.93
0.583 80.772 21.374102.3
0.583 80.772 21.360100.5
0.583 80.772 21.34598.53
0.583 81.239 01.79097.32
0.583 81.239 01.78196.60
0.583 81.239 01.78596.98
), ArticleFig(id=1308842045838558006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842036980187872, language=CN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Results of recovery tests

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AnalyteOrigin
/mg
Added
/mg
Found
/mg
Recovery
/%
Mean recovery/%RSD
/%
GPL2.8611.5434.423101.298.873.84
2.8611.5434.498106.1
2.8611.5434.35096.47
2.8613.0865.78194.63
2.8613.0865.88798.05
2.8613.0865.74793.52
2.8614.6297.507100.4
2.8614.6297.44799.07
2.8614.6297.509100.4
GR2.4941.6694.13998.57100.83.66
2.4941.6694.04993.18
2.4941.6694.14498.90
2.4942.6705.199101.3
2.4942.6705.308105.4
2.4942.6705.188100.9
2.4944.0046.635103.4
2.4944.0046.678104.5
2.4944.0046.543101.1
SPT0.513 70.231 70.724 891.1796.284.71
0.513 70.231 70.724 791.10
0.513 70.231 70.724 591.03
0.513 70.463 30.978 2100.3
0.513 70.463 30.970 898.67
0.513 70.463 30.945 293.14
0.513 70.695 01.216101.1
0.513 70.695 01.20399.23
0.513 70.695 01.214100.8
QSGG0.583 80.223 00.803 298.3897.692.78
0.583 80.223 00.797 295.66
0.583 80.223 00.791 192.93
0.583 80.772 21.374102.3
0.583 80.772 21.360100.5
0.583 80.772 21.34598.53
0.583 81.239 01.79097.32
0.583 81.239 01.78196.60
0.583 81.239 01.78596.98
), ArticleFig(id=1308842045918249783, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842036980187872, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Sample No.GPL/%GR/%SPT/%QSGG/%Water/%Total/%
BTLZ-11.581.270.220.294.133.35
BTLZ-21.901.550.250.344.344.04
BTLZ-31.831.690.250.390.444.17
BTLZ-41.811.480.250.344.123.88
BTLZ-51.721.410.250.353.123.72
BTLZ-61.501.230.210.284.673.21
BTLZ-71.701.490.250.344.333.78
BTLZ-81.991.720.260.405.524.37
BTLZ-92.401.530.250.426.124.59
BTLZ-101.941.780.270.363.564.34
BTLZ-111.831.510.260.354.533.94
BTLZ-121.661.420.250.314.343.63
BTLZ-131.861.510.250.354.293.97
Mean/%1.821.510.250.354.123.92
), ArticleFig(id=1308842045997941560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842036980187872, language=CN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Contents of 4 components in 13 batches of Lepidii Semen samples

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Sample No.GPL/%GR/%SPT/%QSGG/%Water/%Total/%
BTLZ-11.581.270.220.294.133.35
BTLZ-21.901.550.250.344.344.04
BTLZ-31.831.690.250.390.444.17
BTLZ-41.811.480.250.344.123.88
BTLZ-51.721.410.250.353.123.72
BTLZ-61.501.230.210.284.673.21
BTLZ-71.701.490.250.344.333.78
BTLZ-81.991.720.260.405.524.37
BTLZ-92.401.530.250.426.124.59
BTLZ-101.941.780.270.363.564.34
BTLZ-111.831.510.260.354.533.94
BTLZ-121.661.420.250.314.343.63
BTLZ-131.861.510.250.354.293.97
Mean/%1.821.510.250.354.123.92
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北葶苈子HPLC特征图谱和多成分含量测定
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刘天资 1, 2 , 方婷婷 1, 2 , 张轶莲 1, 2 , 潘丽 3 , 谷丽华 1, 2, * , 杨莉 1, 2 , 王峥涛 1, 2, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2026,61(7): 2660-2667
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药学学报 |研究论文 2026 , 61 (7) : 2660 -2667
北葶苈子HPLC特征图谱和多成分含量测定
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刘天资1, 2, 方婷婷1, 2, 张轶莲1, 2, 潘丽3, 谷丽华1, 2, * , 杨莉1, 2, 王峥涛1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1上海中医药大学中药研究所, 中药标准化教育部重点实验室, 国家中医药管理局中药新资源与质量评价重点实验室, 上海市复方中药重点实验室, 上海 201203
  • 2中药功效成分发掘与利用全国重点实验室, 上海 201203
  • 3上海市中医药国际标准化研究院, 上海 201203
通讯作者:
谷丽华, E-mail:
王峥涛, E-mail:
作者简介:

#

共同第一作者.

作者贡献:

谷丽华、王峥涛收集药材和设计实验; 刘天资采集实验数据; 刘天资、方婷婷、张轶莲和潘丽分析数据; 刘天资、方婷婷、谷丽华、杨莉和王峥涛撰写和修改论文。

HPLC specific chromatogram and multi-component determination of Lepidii Semen
Tian-zi LIU1, 2, Ting-ting FANG1, 2, Yi-lian ZHANG1, 2, Li PAN3, Li-hua GU1, 2, * , Li YANG1, 2, Zheng-tao WANG1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
  • 2State Key Laboratory of Discovery and Utilization of Functional Components in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
  • 3Shanghai Municipal Academy of International Standardization for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
出版时间: 2026-07-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2026-0075
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北葶苈子现行标准无法有效控制其质量, 本研究采用HPLC法同时建立北葶苈子特征图谱和多成分含量测定方法。采用NanoChrom ChromCore HP AQ C18色谱柱(250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm), 以乙腈(A)-0.2%磷酸水溶液(B) 为流动相进行梯度洗脱, 柱温35 ℃, 检测波长为210 nm, 建立北葶苈子的特征图谱, 共标定12个特征峰, 指认其中11个特征峰, 13批样品相似度均大于0.90, 该特征图谱可有效区分北葶苈子与其他4种十字花科种子药材及4种常见混淆品。同步采用该方法测定北葶苈子中关键成分金莲葡糖硫苷(glucotropaeolin, GPL)、芝麻菜苷(glucoerucin, GR)、芥子碱硫氰酸盐(sinapine thiocyanate, SPT) 及槲皮素-3-O-β-D-[2-O-(6-O-芥子酰基)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基]-吡喃葡萄糖苷(quercetin-3-O-β-D-[2-O-(6-O-sinapoyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-glucopyranoside, QSGG) 的含量, 根据成分最大吸收选择两种检测波长(210和330 nm)。方法学考察结果表明该方法专属性强, 各成分线性关系良好, 精密度、重复性、稳定性及加样回收率均符合要求。13批样品中GPL、GR、SPT、QSGG的含量分别在1.58%~2.40%、1.27%~1.78%、0.22%~0.27%、0.28%~0.42%之间, 依据平均值拟定含量限度。该研究建立的HPLC特征图谱及多成分含量测定方法稳定可靠, 为北葶苈子药材质量控制与评价、药材市场规范及临床合理用药提供了科学依据。

北葶苈子  /  HPLC特征图谱  /  多成分含量测定  /  质量控制

Due to the inability of the current quality standards to effectively control the quality of Lepidii Semen, this study established the HPLC characteristic chromatogram and multi-component content determination method for Lepidii Semen. Using a NanoChrom ChromCore HP AQ C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) with acetonitrile and 0.2% phosphoric acid aqueous solution as the mobile phase for gradient elution at a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1, with a column temperature of 35 ℃, and detection wavelength of 210 nm. The characteristic HPLC chromatogram of Lepidii Semen was established with twelve characteristic peaks marked, eleven of which were identified by comparison with reference standards. The similarity of 13 batches of market-sourced samples exceeded 0.90. The established chromatogram effectively distinguished Lepidii Semen from four other cruciferous seeds and four common adulterants. The method was simultaneously applied to determine the contents of glucotropaeolin (GPL), glucoerucin (GR), sinapine thiocyanate (SPT), and quercetin-3-O-β-D-[2-O-(6-O-sinapoyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-glucopyranoside (QSGG). Two detection wavelengths (210 and 330 nm) were selected based on the maximum absorption of each compound. Method validation confirmed that the method possesses high specificity, good linearity, and satisfactory precision, repeatability, stability, and recovery rates. The contents range of GPL, GR, SPT and QSGG in 13 batches of Lepidii Semen were 1.58%-2.40%, 1.27%-1.78%, 0.22%-0.27%, and 0.28%-0.42%, respectively. The established HPLC characteristic chromatogram and multi-component content determination methods are stable and reliable, providing a scientific basis for the quality control and evaluation of Lepidii Semen, standardization of the herbal market and rational clinical use.

Lepidii Semen  /  HPLC specific chromatogram  /  multi-component determination  /  quality control
刘天资, 方婷婷, 张轶莲, 潘丽, 谷丽华, 杨莉, 王峥涛. 北葶苈子HPLC特征图谱和多成分含量测定. 药学学报, 2026 , 61 (7) : 2660 -2667 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2026-0075
Tian-zi LIU, Ting-ting FANG, Yi-lian ZHANG, Li PAN, Li-hua GU, Li YANG, Zheng-tao WANG. HPLC specific chromatogram and multi-component determination of Lepidii Semen[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2026 , 61 (7) : 2660 -2667 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2026-0075
葶苈子作为传统中药中“泻肺平喘、利水消肿”之要药, 始载于《神农本草经》。中国药典(2025年版) 葶苈子项下有两个基原, 分别为十字花科植物独行菜Lepidium apetalum Willd.和播娘蒿Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb. ex Prantl.的干燥成熟种子[1], 前者习称北葶苈子(又称苦葶苈子), 主产于东北、内蒙古、河南和河北等地; 后者习称南葶苈子(又称甜葶苈子), 主产于山东、安徽和江苏等地[2]。历代本草及现代研究均表明, 二者在化学成分、药理作用等方面存在一定差异[3, 4]。然而, 现行质量标准仅以“膨胀度”作为鉴别指标, 缺乏专属的化学特征鉴别方法, 且仅对南葶苈子设定了含量测定项, 北葶苈子尚无定量方法。此外, 中国药典(2025年版) 收载的十字花科植物种子类中药包括葶苈子、芥子和莱菔子, 三者均为传统常用中药, 其中, 葶苈子和芥子(黄芥子和白芥子) 属于多基原品种。市场上常出现菥蓂子、大叶芝麻菜子等形态相似的伪品冒充正品葶苈子出售, 对北葶苈子的鉴别和质量控制造成困扰。
近年来, 中药材质量控制的精准化需求日益迫切。虽然已有研究尝试通过薄层色谱法(TLC) 或高效液相色谱法(HPLC) 评价葶苈子[5, 6], 但多限于局部特征成分的分析, 未能系统揭示二者整体化学轮廓差异。本研究以提升北葶苈子质量标准为核心目标, 建立其HPLC特征图谱和多指标成分含量测定方法, 用于正品与近似种及市售伪品的鉴别, 提升北葶苈子的质量要求, 为规范葶苈子药材市场流通、保障药材质量均一性及指导临床合理用药提供科学依据。
仪器  Agilent 1260 Infinity高效液相色谱仪(美国安捷伦科技有限公司); CPX5800H-C型超声波清洗仪器(上海璞珉科技有限公司); BCE2241-1CCN型电子天平和SQP型电子天平[赛多利斯科学仪器(北京) 有限公司]; 手提式高速中药粉碎机(温岭市林大机械有限公司); Milli-Q Advantage A10超纯水仪(德国Merck Millipore公司)。
试药  色谱级乙腈(Fisher Scientific, 美国); 分析级甲醇、乙醇(上海国药集团化学试剂有限公司); 超纯水由Milli-Q超纯水仪(德国Merck Millipore公司) 制备; 对照品芥子碱硫氰酸盐(SPT, 批号: JB245186, 纯度: 98%) 购自上海源叶生物科技有限公司; 金莲葡糖硫苷(GPL, 纯度: 96%)、芝麻菜苷(GR, 纯度: 96%)、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-[2-O-(6-O-芥子酰基)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基]-吡喃葡萄糖苷(QSGG, 纯度: 97%)、L-色氨酸、apetalumoside B10、槲皮素-3-O-槐糖苷、4-羟基肉桂酸、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-[2-O-(6-O-芥子酰基)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基]-吡喃葡萄糖苷、apetalumoside B9、异鼠李素-3-O-β-D-[2-O-(6-O-芥子酰基)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基]-吡喃葡萄糖苷, 纯度: 95%~96%, 为实验室自制对照品; 本研究中所用样品包括葶苈子正品及其混伪品, 均经上海中医药大学中药研究所吴立宏研究员鉴定: 北葶苈子(BTLZ-1~BTLZ-13) 为十字花科植物独行菜Lepidium apetalum Willd.的干燥成熟种子, 南葶苈子(NTLZ-1) 为十字花科植物播娘蒿Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb. ex Prantl.的干燥成熟种子; 葶苈子近似种和易混品有7种, 分别为萝卜Raphanus sativus L. (LFZ-1)、芥Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. et Coss. (HJZ-1)、白芥Sinapis alba L. (BJZ-1)、芝麻菜Eruca sativa Mill. (ZMZ-1)、大叶芝麻菜Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa (Mill.) Thell. (DYZ-1)、菥蓂Thlaspi arvense L. (XMZ-1)、油菜Brassica napus L. (YCZ-1) 的干燥成熟种子。详细样品信息见表1。
HPLC色谱条件  采用NanoChrom ChromCore HP AQ C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) 色谱柱; 流动相为乙腈(A) 和0.2%磷酸水溶液(B), 梯度洗脱(0~10 min, 3% A; 10~45 min, 3%→22% A; 45~55 min, 22%→30% A; 55~60 min, 30%→95% A); 流速为1 mL·min-1; 柱温为35 ℃; 进样量为5 μL; 特征图谱检测波长为210 nm; 含量测定检测波长为210 nm (0~30 min)、330 nm (30~37 min) 和210 nm (37~60 min)。
对照品溶液制备  取GPL、GR、SPT和QSGG对照品各适量, 精密称定, 加入50%甲醇溶解, 制成浓度分别为1.028 6、0.667 4、0.257 4和0.247 8 mg·mL-1的对照品溶液。取对照品L-色氨酸、apetalumoside B10、槲皮素-3-O-槐糖苷、4-羟基肉桂酸、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷、apetalumoside B9、异鼠李素-3-O-β-D-[2-O-(6-O-芥子酰基)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基]-吡喃葡萄糖苷各适量, 加入50%甲醇溶解制成各化合物浓度约为0.5 mg·mL-1的对照品溶液。
供试品溶液制备  取各样品粉末(过4号筛) 1 g, 精密称定, 置150 mL具塞锥形瓶中, 精密加入50%甲醇40 mL, 称重, 超声处理(功率250 W, 频率40 kHz) 30 min, 放冷, 用50%甲醇补足失重, 摇匀, 10 000 r·min-1离心10 min, 取上清液, 过0.22 μm微孔滤膜, 即得。同法制成其他近缘种及混伪品样品溶液。
特征图谱方法学考察
专属性  取空白溶剂甲醇、对照品溶液、北葶苈子供试品溶液, 分别注入液相色谱仪进行测定, 记录色谱图。
精密度  取北葶苈子样品(BTLZ-10) 粉末, 按“供试品溶液的制备”项下方法处理, 并按“HPLC色谱条件”项进样分析, 连续进样测定6次, 记录色谱图, 以SPT为参照峰, 计算各特征峰与参照峰的相对保留时间和相对峰面积的相对标准偏差(RSD) 值。
重复性  取北葶苈子样品(BTLZ-10) 粉末, 按“供试品溶液的制备”项下方法平行制备6份供试品溶液, 按“HPLC色谱条件”项进样分析, 记录色谱图, 以SPT为参照峰, 计算各特征峰与参照峰的相对保留时间和相对峰面积的RSD值。
稳定性  取北葶苈子样品(BTLZ-10) 粉末, 按“供试品溶液制备”项下方法处理, 并按“HPLC色谱条件”项分别在0、2、4、8、12、24、48和72 h进样分析, 记录色谱图, 以SPT为参照峰, 计算各特征峰与参照峰的相对保留时间和相对峰面积的RSD值。
特征图谱样品测定和相似度计算  取13批北葶苈子样品粉末, 按“供试品溶液的制备”项下方法处理, 按“HPLC色谱条件”项进样分析, 记录色谱图。将图谱录入《中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统》软件(2012版) 进行分析, 以批号为BTLZ-1的北葶苈子样品的色谱图为参照图谱, 采用中位数法, 时间窗宽度为0.1 min, 对特征峰进行多点校正和Mark峰匹配, 生成13批北葶苈子的特征图谱及对照图谱(R), 计算各样品特征图谱与对照图谱的相似度。
含量测定方法学考察
线性关系  取GPL、GR、SPT和QSGG对照品储备液适量, 分别加50%甲醇稀释成不同浓度的对照品溶液。按“HPLC色谱条件”项进样分析, 记录色谱图, 以峰面积为纵坐标(Y), 以对照品质量浓度为横坐标(X), 进行线性回归, 计算回归方程和相关系数。同时测定检测限(LOD; S/N = 3) 和定量限(LOQ; S/N = 10)。
精密度  取北葶苈子粉末(BTLZ-10), 按“供试品溶液的制备”项下方法制备供试品溶液, 按“HPLC色谱条件”项连续进样6次, 测定各待测成分的含量并计算RSD值。
重复性  取北葶苈子粉末(BTLZ-10), 按“供试品溶液的制备”项下方法平行制备6份供试品溶液, 按“HPLC色谱条件”项进样分析, 测定各待测成分的含量并计算RSD值。
稳定性  取北葶苈子粉末(BTLZ-10), 按“供试品溶液的制备”项下方法制备供试品溶液, 按“HPLC色谱条件”项分别在0、4、8、12、24、48、72 h进样分析, 测定各待测成分的含量并计算RSD值。
加样回收  取已知含量的北葶苈子样品(BTLZ-5), 每份约0.25 g, 置150 mL具塞锥形瓶中, 分别加入样品含量的50%、100%和150%的对照品溶液, 每个浓度平行3份。按“供试品溶液的制备”项下方法进行处理, 并按“HPLC色谱条件”进样分析, 分别计算各待测成分的加样回收率。
样品含量测定  将收集得到的13批北葶苈子药材样品按“供试品溶液制备”项下方法制备得供试品溶液, 并按“HPLC色谱条件”进样测定, 采用外标法分别测定GPL、GR、SPT和QSGG的含量。
12个对照成分与相邻色谱峰分离度均大于1.5, 空白溶液在样品图谱特征峰处无干扰, 该方法专属性良好(图1)。北葶苈子(BTLZ-10) 供试品连续进样6针的各特征峰相对保留时间的RSD为0.03%~1.08%, 相对峰面积的RSD为0.51%~1.78%, 各特征峰的相对保留时间及相对峰面积的RSD均小于2.00%, 表明仪器精密度良好; 北葶苈子(BTLZ-10) 6份供试品的各特征峰相对保留时间为0.04%~1.74%, 相对峰面积的RSD为0.98%~2.45%, 各特征峰的相对保留时间及相对峰面积的RSD均小于3.00%, 表明该方法重复性良好; 北葶苈子(BTLZ-10) 供试品不同时间点进样测定的各特征峰与参照峰的相对保留时间为0.05%~1.20%, 相对峰面积的RSD为0.47%~1.42%, 各特征峰的相对保留时间及相对峰面积的RSD均小于2.00%, 表明供试品溶液在72 h内稳定。
13批北葶苈子的特征图谱和对照图谱如图2所示。13批不同产地的北葶苈子样品的相似度在0.985~1.000之间, 表明不同产地的北葶苈子药材整体质量差异较小。
图谱中共标定12个特征峰, 通过质谱分析并结合对照品比对, 指认出其中11个特征峰, 分别是GPL (峰1)、GR (峰2)、L-色氨酸(峰3)、SPT (峰4)、apetalumoside B10 (峰5)、槲皮素-3-O-槐糖苷(峰6)、4-羟基肉桂酸(峰8)、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(峰9)、QSGG (峰10)、apetalumoside B9 (峰11)、异鼠李素-3-O-β-D-[2-O-(6-O-芥子酰基)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基]-吡喃葡萄糖苷(峰12)。拟定北葶苈子的特征图谱标准: 供试品特征图谱应呈现12个特征峰, 以峰4为参照峰(S), 计算各特征峰与S峰的相保留时间, 应在规定值的±10%之内, 相对保留时间分别为0.626 (峰1)、0.649 (峰2)、0.795 (峰3)、1.000 (峰4/S) 1.093 (峰5)、1.108 (峰6)、1.134 (峰7)、1.177 (峰8)、1.286 (峰9)、1.327 (峰10)、1.386 (峰11)、1.409 (峰12)。
中国药典(2025年版) 十字花科植物来源的五种种子类药材北葶苈子(BTLZ-1)、南葶苈子(NTLZ-1)、莱菔子(LFZ-1)、黄芥子(HJZ-1)、白芥子(BJZ-1) 的液相色谱图见图3, 五种十字花科植物种子中均含有芥子碱硫氰酸盐(tR = 36.4 min), 该成分是十字花科种子的共有化学标记物。此外, 北葶苈子含有金莲葡糖硫苷(tR = 22.8 min)、芝麻菜苷(tR = 23.6 min) 和槲皮素-3-O-β-D-[2-O-(6-O-芥子酰基)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基]-吡喃葡萄糖苷(tR = 48.2 min) 等主要特征峰, 南葶苈子在tR = 10.2、30.7 min具有2个主要特征峰, 莱菔子在tR = 5.6、43.0和51.7 min具有3个主要特征峰, 黄芥子在tR = 5.1、15.2 min具有2个主要特征峰, 白芥子在tR = 4.0、8.4、20.8、41.2、48.8 min处具有5个主要特征峰。上述差异色谱峰可作为5类种子药材的定性鉴别依据。
进一步将北葶苈子与市场常见混伪品(菥蓂子、大叶芝麻菜子、芝麻菜子和油菜子) 进行对比, 见图4。四种伪品与北葶苈子的HPLC色谱图存在明显差异, 可快速、准确鉴别北葶苈子正品与伪品, 分辨率显著优于传统的形态学鉴定方法。
对比空白溶液、混合对照品溶液和供试品溶液色谱图(图5), 空白溶液对北葶苈子4种有效成分无干扰, 且样品溶液中4个有效成分的分离度、对称性均良好, 表明该方法专属性较好。
GPL、GR、SPT和QSGG的线性回归方程、相关系数、线性范围、检测限和定量限结果见表2, 在线性范围内均显示良好的线性关系。
GPL、GR、SPT和QSGG的平均含量分别为1.14%、1.00%、0.20%和0.23%, RSD分别为0.17%、0.21%、0.32%和0.35% (n = 6), 表明仪器精密度良好。
GPL、GR、SPT和QSGG的平均含量分别为1.14%、1.00%、0.20%和0.23%, RSD分别为0.14%、0.40%、0.55%和0.29% (n = 6), 表明方法重复性良好。
GPL、GR、SPT和QSGG的平均含量分别为1.14%、1.00%、0.20%和0.23%, RSD分别为0.24%、0.27%、0.88%和0.63% (n = 8), 表明供试品溶液在72 h内稳定。
GPL、GR、SPT和QSGG的平均加样回收率分别为98.87%、100.8%、96.28%和97.69%, RSD分别为3.84%、3.66%、4.71%和2.78%, 表明该方法准确度良好, 结果见表3。
取13批北葶苈子粉末, 按“供试品溶液的制备”项下方法进行处理, 并按“HPLC色谱条件”项进样分析, 计算样品中GPL、GR、SPT和QSGG的含量, 结果见表4。13批北葶苈子中GPL、GR、SPT和QSGG的含量范围分别为1.58%~2.40%、1.27%~1.78%、0.22%~0.27%和0.28%~0.42%, 平均值分别为1.82%、1.51%、0.25%和0.35%。
本研究成功建立了北葶苈子的HPLC特征图谱及多指标成分含量测定方法。特征图谱共标定12个特征峰, 通过质谱分析结合对照品比对, 指认其中11个特征峰, 13批样品相似度均大于0.90。将建立的HPLC特征图谱用于中国药典收载的5种十字花科种子药材以及市场常见混伪品的差异分析, 结果表明, 该方法对北葶苈子及其他4种药典收载的十字花科种子(南葶苈子、黄芥子、白芥子、莱菔子) 和市场常见混伪品(菥蓂子、大叶芝麻菜子、芝麻菜子和油菜子等) 均能实现快速有效区分。
葶苈子中的主要活性成分为黄酮类成分和硫苷类成分。葶苈子黄酮具有广泛的药理活性, 现代研究证实其在抗炎、抗氧化和抗肿瘤等方面作用显著, 在呼吸系统、心血管系统发挥作用[4]。课题组前期研究发现, QSGG是北葶苈子的专属性黄酮苷, 可作为北葶苈子定性鉴别指标[7]。硫苷及其代谢衍生物异硫氰酸酯(ITCs) 已被多项研究证实具有抗癌和癌症预防的作用[8, 9], 此外硫苷及其代谢产物还具有抑菌、抗炎、抗氧化以及调节肠道菌群、维持肠道微生态平衡等多重功效[10-12], 其中GPL可减轻动物体内自发性DNA损伤[13]; GR具有较强的体外抗氧化活性[14]; SPT作为十字花科种子药材中的共有活性成分, 具有抗炎、抗癌、抗氧化作用[15, 16]。因此, 基于含量、可测性和生物活性, 本研究选择北葶苈子药材中2种硫苷成分(GPL和GR)、1种苯丙素成分(SPT) 和1种黄酮苷成分(QSGG) 作为指标成分, 建立多成分含量测定方法。2种硫苷成分结构相似, 本研究第一次在液相色谱中获得分离。根据各成分最大吸收设置不同检测波长: 210 nm (0~30 min, 检测GPL和GR)、330 nm (30~37 min, 检测SPT) 和210 nm (37~60 min, 检测QSGG)。
基于13批样品的测定结果, 以均值±30%的含量范围分别为1.66%~2.37%、1.37%~1.96%、0.22%~0.32%、0.32%~0.45%, 建议北葶苈子药材按干燥品计算, 含GPL (C14H19O9NS2) 不少于1.60%, 含GR (C12H23O9NS3) 不少于1.30%, 含SPT (C16H24NO5CNS) 不少于0.20%, 含QSGG (C38H40O21) 不少于0.30%。
本研究建立的HPLC特征图谱及多指标含量测定方法系统揭示了北葶苈子的化学特征与质量差异, 填补了其在化学鉴别与含量测定方面的空白, 为中国药典质量标准的修订、药材市场规范及临床合理用药提供了可靠依据。后续可结合药效学研究, 深入解析差异标志物与药效的关联性, 推动中药质量控制的精准化发展。

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2026年第61卷第7期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2026-0075
  • 接收时间:2026-01-19
  • 首发时间:2026-09-21
  • 出版时间:2026-07-12
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  • 收稿日期:2026-01-19
  • 修回日期:2026-04-19
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    1上海中医药大学中药研究所, 中药标准化教育部重点实验室, 国家中医药管理局中药新资源与质量评价重点实验室, 上海市复方中药重点实验室, 上海 201203
    2中药功效成分发掘与利用全国重点实验室, 上海 201203
    3上海市中医药国际标准化研究院, 上海 201203

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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