Article(id=1308842054080360884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308841897058198067, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-1479, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1765296000000, receivedDateStr=2025-12-10, revisedDate=1773072000000, revisedDateStr=2026-03-10, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789981862802, onlineDateStr=2026-09-21, pubDate=1783785600000, pubDateStr=2026-07-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789981862802, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789981862802, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789981862802, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1308841897058198067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2026', volume='61', issue='7', pageStart='2377', pageEnd='2820', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1783785600000', pubDateStr='2026-07-12', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789981825365, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789984154811, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1308851667525792021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308841897058198067, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1308851667525792022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308841897058198067, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2746, endPage=2756, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1308842054323630517, articleId=1308842054080360884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Integrating transcriptomics and metabolomics to elucidate the regulatory network of salvianolic acid accumulation under H2O2 stress, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

As a traditional bulk Chinese medicinal herb, Salvia miltiorrhiza's phenolic acids are the core bioactive components responsible for its pharmacological effects. Environmental stress can regulate relevant metabolic pathways to promote the accumulation of phenolic acids. To identify key transcription factor genes in S.miltiorrhiza under H2O2 stress, we first used aseptic seedlings cultured under different H2O2 concentrations as experimental materials, performed RNA-seq analysis following standard protocols with three biological replicates, and conducted untargeted metabolomics analysis via UHPLC-QE-MS with six biological replicates. All assays were commissioned to Gene Denovo Biotechnology Co., Ltd. The results showed a concentration-dependent stress effect: Low concentrations of H2O2 slightly inhibited seedling growth but activated genes associated with photosynthesis and phenolic acid biosynthesis. In contrast, high concentrations of H2O2 strongly suppressed growth and redirected metabolic resources from growth to defense processes. This response was accompanied by the upregulation of key enzyme genes in the phenylpropanoid and tyrosine pathways, including PAL, RAS and CYP98A2, thereby promoting the accumulation of ferulic acid (FA), rosmarinic acid (RA) and salvianolic acid B (Sal B). Meanwhile, oxidative stress repressed the expression of genes related to phytohormone synthesis and photosynthesis, reducing resource allocation for growth, and maintained intracellular redox homeostasis by activating genes such as GRXC1. Transcriptional regulatory analysis revealed that WRKY28 expression was significantly and positively correlated with salvianolic acid content, while MYB305 was inhibited as a negative regulator. These findings elucidate the regulatory network underlying phenolic acid accumulation in S. miltiorrhiza under H2O2 stress from the perspectives of metabolic resource allocation and transcriptional regulation, providing a preliminary theoretical basis for improving the quality of S. miltiorrhiza medicinal materials through molecular breeding or environmental regulation. It should be noted that exogenous H2O2 treatment is a controllable experimental method, and its conclusions may differ from those under natural stress in terms of signal initiation and network integration. Further verification through multi-dimensional approaches is required for refinement.

, authors=Chen YANG1, 2, Quan GUO1, 2, Xiao-chen HU2, 3, Feng YAN1, 2, 3, Hong-hong JIAO1, 4, Gang ZHANG1, 2, 3, Yi-min LI1, 2, 3, *, authorsList=Chen YANG, Quan GUO, Xiao-chen HU, Feng YAN, Hong-hong JIAO, Gang ZHANG, Yi-min LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yi-min LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2026 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1308842055623864770, articleId=1308842054080360884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=整合转录组与代谢组解析H2O2胁迫下丹参酚酸积累调控网络, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

丹参作为我国传统大宗中药, 其酚酸类成分是发挥药理作用的核心物质, 而环境胁迫可通过调控相关通路以实现酚酸类成分的积累。为挖掘H2O2胁迫下丹参酚酸类成分的关键转录因子。首先以不同浓度H2O2条件下的丹参无菌苗为材料, 按照标准流程进行RNA-seq分析, 3次生物学重复; 取样本的6次生物学重复, 进行UHPLC-QE-MS非靶标代谢组分析, 所有分析委托基迪奥生物公司进行。结果表明, 胁迫呈现浓度依赖性效应: 低浓度H2O2轻微抑制生长但可激活部分光合及丹参酚酸类成分合成相关基因, 而高浓度H2O2强烈抑制生长, 并驱动代谢资源由生长向防御方向分配。该过程伴随着苯丙烷途径与酪氨酸途径中PAL、RAS、CYP98A2等关键酶基因的上调, 从而促进阿魏酸(ferulic acid, FA)、迷迭香酸(rosmarinic acid, RA) 及丹酚酸B (salvianolic acid B, Sal B) 的积累。同时, 氧化应激抑制植物激素合成与光合作用相关基因表达, 减少生长相关的资源分配, 并通过激活GRXC1、TRX2等抗氧化基因维持细胞内氧化还原稳态。转录调控分析发现, WRKY28、WRKY33等转录因子与丹酚酸的含量呈显著正相关, 而MYB305则作为负调控因子被抑制。这些结果从代谢资源分配与转录调控层面揭示了丹参在H2O2胁迫下酚酸类成分积累的调控网络, 为通过分子育种或环境调控提升丹参药材品质初步提供了理论支撑。需注意的是, 外源H2O2处理为可控实验手段, 其结论与自然胁迫下的真实情况可能存在信号起始与网络整合层面的差异, 后续需通过多维度验证进一步完善。

, authors=杨晨1, 2, 郭权1, 2, 胡晓晨2, 3, 闫锋1, 2, 3, 焦红红1, 4, 张岗1, 2, 3, 李依民1, 2, 3, *, authorsList=杨晨, 郭权, 胡晓晨, 闫锋, 焦红红, 张岗, 李依民, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=李依民, authorNote=

作者贡献:

杨晨负责相关数据处理以及文章初稿撰写; 郭权负责成分检测以及相关数据处理; 焦红红、胡晓晨、闫锋负责相关数据分析; 张岗负责研究生指导、数据核实以及论文修改; 李依民负责经费获取、项目管理、研究生指导以及论文修改。

, correspAuthorsNote=
李依民, E-mail:
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New Phytol, 2020, 226: 189-204., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1308842057435804099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842054080360884, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308842057444192708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842054080360884, companyId=1308842057435804099, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Qinling Chinese Herbal Medicine Engineering Center, Xi'an 712046, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308842057452581317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842054080360884, companyId=1308842057435804099, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1陕西中医药大学药学院/秦岭中草药工程中心, 陕西 西安 712046)]), AuthorCompany(id=1308842057528078790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842054080360884, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308842057536467399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842054080360884, companyId=1308842057528078790, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Key Laboratory of Qin Medicine Research and Development, Shaanxi Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308842057544856008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842054080360884, companyId=1308842057528078790, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2陕西中医药大学陕西省中医药管理局"秦药"研发重点实验室, 陕西 西安 712046)]), AuthorCompany(id=1308842057641325001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842054080360884, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308842057645519306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842054080360884, companyId=1308842057641325001, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3State Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Co-constructed by Shaanxi Province and Ministry of Education), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308842057653907915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842054080360884, companyId=1308842057641325001, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3陕西中医药大学省部共建特色秦药资源研究开发国家重点实验室, 陕西 咸阳 712083)]), AuthorCompany(id=1308842057716822476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842054080360884, xref=4, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308842057721016781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842054080360884, companyId=1308842057716822476, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4Collaborative Innovation Center of Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308842057729405390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842054080360884, companyId=1308842057716822476, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4陕西中医药大学, 协同创新中心, 陕西 西安 712046)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1308842062007595526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842054080360884, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=GarGjyfFjwIUqeJeztOCtA==, figureFileBig=QGemQByhdwzLDz19dXnd4Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308842062208922119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842054080360884, language=CN, label=Fig.1, caption=Phenotypic response and phenolic acid accumulation in Salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings under H2O2 stress. A, B: Growth phenotypes of Salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings cultured for one month in media supplemented with 0, 1, 2, and 5 mmol·L-1 H2O2 (n = 3, 10 seedlings per replicate); C: Changes in fresh weight of seedlings under different concentrations of H2O2 treatment (n = 3, $ \overline{x} $ ± s); D: Relative contents of phenolic acid components in seedlings exposed to different concentrations of H2O2 (n = 3, $ \overline{x} $ ± s). DDS: Danshensu; CA: Caffeic acid; FA: Ferulic acid; RA: Rosmarinic acid; Sal A: Salvianolic acid A; Sal B: Salvianolic acid B; Tan IIA: Tanshinone IIA, figureFileSmall=GarGjyfFjwIUqeJeztOCtA==, figureFileBig=QGemQByhdwzLDz19dXnd4Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308842062410248712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842054080360884, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=xM3TiquPWb8V8NLE6pyRVw==, figureFileBig=WH7vKH1nL+UARI77jNK6cg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308842062481551881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842054080360884, language=CN, label=Fig.2, caption=Metabolomic analysis of Salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings under H2O2 treatment. A, D: Statistics of differential metabolite quantities; B, E: PCA scores of metabolites in the control group and treatment group; C, F: Functional analysis of differential metabolites GO. FDR: False discovery rate; FC: Fold change; PC: Principal component; Z-score: Standard score, figureFileSmall=xM3TiquPWb8V8NLE6pyRVw==, figureFileBig=WH7vKH1nL+UARI77jNK6cg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308842062557049354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842054080360884, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=0fCpsPDPabcjnjYNscOJMA==, figureFileBig=bhEiyUyAS9dVSwjrs8fozA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308842062611575307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842054080360884, language=CN, label=Fig.3, caption=GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of DEGs. A: GO enrichment analysis (scatter plot and top 20 terms) for DEGs in CK-1 mmol·L-1 group; B: GO enrichment analysis (scatter plot and top 20 terms) for DEGs in CK-5 mmol·L-1 group; C, D: KEGG pathway enrichment analysis for DEGs in CK-1 mmol·L-1 and CK-5 mmol·L-1 groups, respectively, figureFileSmall=0fCpsPDPabcjnjYNscOJMA==, figureFileBig=bhEiyUyAS9dVSwjrs8fozA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308842062695461388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842054080360884, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=cv7uIk3PjBD28tvgViEVVg==, figureFileBig=A5e9izQQ+54TBzL0RCrsfQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308842062754181645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842054080360884, language=CN, label=Fig.4, caption=STEM clustering analysis of gene expression and expression heatmaps of core genes in Salvia miltiorrhiza. A, B, C, and D represent the STEM clustering results of gene expression under different concentration treatments. Each subplot is labeled with the ideal expression vector of the clustering pattern, the number of actually assigned genes (genes assigned), the number of randomly expected genes (genes expected), and the significant P-value. E, F, G, and H are the expression heatmaps of key genes in the corresponding patterns, figureFileSmall=cv7uIk3PjBD28tvgViEVVg==, figureFileBig=A5e9izQQ+54TBzL0RCrsfQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308842062825484814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842054080360884, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=R8IIaY+PLwcGbsAH+WHJTQ==, figureFileBig=CEVeEaHJK470+zfDbze0Mw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308842062896787983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842054080360884, language=CN, label=Fig.5, caption=qRT PCR validation results of candidate genes. The bar chart displays the relative expression levels of 10 candidate genes in the 0, 1, and 5 mmol·L-1 H2O2 treatment groups (n = 3, $ \overline{x} $ ± s). PYL6: PYR1-like protein 6; CHS: Chalcone synthase; GGAT2: Glutamate-glyoxylate aminotransferase 2; ACN: Anthocyanin; SPA: Suppressor of phytochrome A-105; ACC1: Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1; AA: Ascorbic acid, figureFileSmall=R8IIaY+PLwcGbsAH+WHJTQ==, figureFileBig=CEVeEaHJK470+zfDbze0Mw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308842062959702544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842054080360884, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=CBAV99ovjtceWLR+OgSOjQ==, figureFileBig=9GOtpZUM8vKQqx7wz7Gl3A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308842063031005713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842054080360884, language=CN, label=Fig.6, caption=Transcriptional metabolic combined analysis, figureFileSmall=CBAV99ovjtceWLR+OgSOjQ==, figureFileBig=9GOtpZUM8vKQqx7wz7Gl3A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308842063106503186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842054080360884, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Correlation coefficientKey enzyme genes in the salvianolic acid B biosynthetic pathwayMain active components of phenolic acidsTanshinoneDifferential metabolites
PALC4H4CLTATHPPRRASDSSCAFARASal BSal ATan IIAL-Tyrosine4-HPPAPAGSSG
WRKY60.619-0.3010.6340.767*0.3530.651-0.4380.4110.714*0.706*0.663-0.2230.085 70.650.817**0.6500.400
WRKY180.355-0.5470.3670.5130.0670.386-0.2690.1740.783*0.693*0.899**-0.2920.3580.566 70.717*0.6170.300
WRKY210.303-0.5870.3350.4980.0330.347-0.4300.4050.910**0.781*0.645-0.0640.021 60.566 70.917**0.817**0.367
WRKY230.103-0.726*0.1320.303-0.1700.149-0.3470.2020.953**0.720**0.729*-0.1290.1690.566 70.717*0.6170.300
WRKY270.6550.3620.6540.6440.676*0.6560.1060.088 30.1830.4370.501-0.1630.3270.468 70.2850.519-0.477
WRKY280.660-0.2370.681*0.803**0.4390.693*-0.3710.4080.755*0.794*0.696*-0.1630.1060.5000.833**0.8000.283
WRKY330.492-0.4280.5190.6610.2260.531-0.4150.4280.829**0.809**0.705*-0.1210.0630.5500.850*0.6500.333
WRKY35-0.668*0.256-0.681*-0.811**-0.460-0.691*0.265-0.394-0.729*-0.745*-0.6700.098-0.103-0.617-0.717*-0.717*-0.517
WRKY410.092-0.761*0.1190.298-0.1800.132-0.3270.2940.907**0.675*0.6050.0020.0230.5330.717*0.5330.567
WRKY420.670*-0.2450.692*0.809**0.4330.702*-0.4070.4780.718*0.802**0.669*-0.1270.0360.6000.783*0.6000.433
WRKY500.962**0.3340.966*0.988**0.885**0.966**-0.2110.4540.2680.5830.417-0.1000.0070.783*0.6000.783*-0.250
WRKY530.506-0.3840.5280.6610.2450.534-0.3030.5010.733*0.796*0.679*-0.0110.0150.6500.817**0.6500.350
WRKY610.923**0.771*0.908**0.845**0.959**0.908**-0.0450.309-0.2340.1860.088-0.145-0.0070.817**0.667*0.767*-0.333
WRKY750.862**0.0580.878**0.949**0.690*0.882**-0.3830.5340.5080.720*0.532-0.127-0.0150.683*0.867**0.933**-0.033
), ArticleFig(id=1308842063198777875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842054080360884, language=CN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Correlation analysis between H2O2 induced WRKY and key enzyme genes for phenolic acid synthesis, 6 active ingredients, and 4 differential metabolites. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. PAL: Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase; C4H: Cinnamate-4-hydroxylase; 4CL: 4-Coumarate-coenzyme A ligase; TAT: Tyrosine aminotransferase; HPPR: Hydroxyphenylpyruvate reductase; RAS: Rosmarinic acid synthase; 4-HPPA: 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid; PA: Pidolic acid; GSSG: Glutathione disulfide

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Correlation coefficientKey enzyme genes in the salvianolic acid B biosynthetic pathwayMain active components of phenolic acidsTanshinoneDifferential metabolites
PALC4H4CLTATHPPRRASDSSCAFARASal BSal ATan IIAL-Tyrosine4-HPPAPAGSSG
WRKY60.619-0.3010.6340.767*0.3530.651-0.4380.4110.714*0.706*0.663-0.2230.085 70.650.817**0.6500.400
WRKY180.355-0.5470.3670.5130.0670.386-0.2690.1740.783*0.693*0.899**-0.2920.3580.566 70.717*0.6170.300
WRKY210.303-0.5870.3350.4980.0330.347-0.4300.4050.910**0.781*0.645-0.0640.021 60.566 70.917**0.817**0.367
WRKY230.103-0.726*0.1320.303-0.1700.149-0.3470.2020.953**0.720**0.729*-0.1290.1690.566 70.717*0.6170.300
WRKY270.6550.3620.6540.6440.676*0.6560.1060.088 30.1830.4370.501-0.1630.3270.468 70.2850.519-0.477
WRKY280.660-0.2370.681*0.803**0.4390.693*-0.3710.4080.755*0.794*0.696*-0.1630.1060.5000.833**0.8000.283
WRKY330.492-0.4280.5190.6610.2260.531-0.4150.4280.829**0.809**0.705*-0.1210.0630.5500.850*0.6500.333
WRKY35-0.668*0.256-0.681*-0.811**-0.460-0.691*0.265-0.394-0.729*-0.745*-0.6700.098-0.103-0.617-0.717*-0.717*-0.517
WRKY410.092-0.761*0.1190.298-0.1800.132-0.3270.2940.907**0.675*0.6050.0020.0230.5330.717*0.5330.567
WRKY420.670*-0.2450.692*0.809**0.4330.702*-0.4070.4780.718*0.802**0.669*-0.1270.0360.6000.783*0.6000.433
WRKY500.962**0.3340.966*0.988**0.885**0.966**-0.2110.4540.2680.5830.417-0.1000.0070.783*0.6000.783*-0.250
WRKY530.506-0.3840.5280.6610.2450.534-0.3030.5010.733*0.796*0.679*-0.0110.0150.6500.817**0.6500.350
WRKY610.923**0.771*0.908**0.845**0.959**0.908**-0.0450.309-0.2340.1860.088-0.145-0.0070.817**0.667*0.767*-0.333
WRKY750.862**0.0580.878**0.949**0.690*0.882**-0.3830.5340.5080.720*0.532-0.127-0.0150.683*0.867**0.933**-0.033
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整合转录组与代谢组解析H2O2胁迫下丹参酚酸积累调控网络
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杨晨 1, 2 , 郭权 1, 2 , 胡晓晨 2, 3 , 闫锋 1, 2, 3 , 焦红红 1, 4 , 张岗 1, 2, 3 , 李依民 1, 2, 3, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2026,61(7): 2746-2756
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药学学报 |研究论文 2026 , 61 (7) : 2746 -2756
整合转录组与代谢组解析H2O2胁迫下丹参酚酸积累调控网络
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2Key Laboratory of Qin Medicine Research and Development, Shaanxi Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, China
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2Key Laboratory of Qin Medicine Research and Development, Shaanxi Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, China
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杨晨1, 2, 郭权1, 2, 胡晓晨2, 3, 闫锋1, 2, 3, 焦红红1, 4, 张岗1, 2, 3, 李依民1, 2, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1陕西中医药大学药学院/秦岭中草药工程中心, 陕西 西安 712046
  • 2陕西中医药大学陕西省中医药管理局"秦药"研发重点实验室, 陕西 西安 712046
  • 3陕西中医药大学省部共建特色秦药资源研究开发国家重点实验室, 陕西 咸阳 712083
  • 4陕西中医药大学, 协同创新中心, 陕西 西安 712046
通讯作者:
李依民, E-mail:
作者简介:

作者贡献:

杨晨负责相关数据处理以及文章初稿撰写; 郭权负责成分检测以及相关数据处理; 焦红红、胡晓晨、闫锋负责相关数据分析; 张岗负责研究生指导、数据核实以及论文修改; 李依民负责经费获取、项目管理、研究生指导以及论文修改。

Integrating transcriptomics and metabolomics to elucidate the regulatory network of salvianolic acid accumulation under H2O2 stress
Chen YANG1, 2, Quan GUO1, 2, Xiao-chen HU2, 3, Feng YAN1, 2, 3, Hong-hong JIAO1, 4, Gang ZHANG1, 2, 3, Yi-min LI1, 2, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Qinling Chinese Herbal Medicine Engineering Center, Xi'an 712046, China
  • 2Key Laboratory of Qin Medicine Research and Development, Shaanxi Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, China
  • 3State Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Co-constructed by Shaanxi Province and Ministry of Education), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, China
  • 4Collaborative Innovation Center of Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, China
出版时间: 2026-07-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-1479
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丹参作为我国传统大宗中药, 其酚酸类成分是发挥药理作用的核心物质, 而环境胁迫可通过调控相关通路以实现酚酸类成分的积累。为挖掘H2O2胁迫下丹参酚酸类成分的关键转录因子。首先以不同浓度H2O2条件下的丹参无菌苗为材料, 按照标准流程进行RNA-seq分析, 3次生物学重复; 取样本的6次生物学重复, 进行UHPLC-QE-MS非靶标代谢组分析, 所有分析委托基迪奥生物公司进行。结果表明, 胁迫呈现浓度依赖性效应: 低浓度H2O2轻微抑制生长但可激活部分光合及丹参酚酸类成分合成相关基因, 而高浓度H2O2强烈抑制生长, 并驱动代谢资源由生长向防御方向分配。该过程伴随着苯丙烷途径与酪氨酸途径中PAL、RAS、CYP98A2等关键酶基因的上调, 从而促进阿魏酸(ferulic acid, FA)、迷迭香酸(rosmarinic acid, RA) 及丹酚酸B (salvianolic acid B, Sal B) 的积累。同时, 氧化应激抑制植物激素合成与光合作用相关基因表达, 减少生长相关的资源分配, 并通过激活GRXC1、TRX2等抗氧化基因维持细胞内氧化还原稳态。转录调控分析发现, WRKY28、WRKY33等转录因子与丹酚酸的含量呈显著正相关, 而MYB305则作为负调控因子被抑制。这些结果从代谢资源分配与转录调控层面揭示了丹参在H2O2胁迫下酚酸类成分积累的调控网络, 为通过分子育种或环境调控提升丹参药材品质初步提供了理论支撑。需注意的是, 外源H2O2处理为可控实验手段, 其结论与自然胁迫下的真实情况可能存在信号起始与网络整合层面的差异, 后续需通过多维度验证进一步完善。

H2O2胁迫  /  丹参酚酸  /  转录调控  /  非靶代谢组  /  丹参

As a traditional bulk Chinese medicinal herb, Salvia miltiorrhiza's phenolic acids are the core bioactive components responsible for its pharmacological effects. Environmental stress can regulate relevant metabolic pathways to promote the accumulation of phenolic acids. To identify key transcription factor genes in S.miltiorrhiza under H2O2 stress, we first used aseptic seedlings cultured under different H2O2 concentrations as experimental materials, performed RNA-seq analysis following standard protocols with three biological replicates, and conducted untargeted metabolomics analysis via UHPLC-QE-MS with six biological replicates. All assays were commissioned to Gene Denovo Biotechnology Co., Ltd. The results showed a concentration-dependent stress effect: Low concentrations of H2O2 slightly inhibited seedling growth but activated genes associated with photosynthesis and phenolic acid biosynthesis. In contrast, high concentrations of H2O2 strongly suppressed growth and redirected metabolic resources from growth to defense processes. This response was accompanied by the upregulation of key enzyme genes in the phenylpropanoid and tyrosine pathways, including PAL, RAS and CYP98A2, thereby promoting the accumulation of ferulic acid (FA), rosmarinic acid (RA) and salvianolic acid B (Sal B). Meanwhile, oxidative stress repressed the expression of genes related to phytohormone synthesis and photosynthesis, reducing resource allocation for growth, and maintained intracellular redox homeostasis by activating genes such as GRXC1. Transcriptional regulatory analysis revealed that WRKY28 expression was significantly and positively correlated with salvianolic acid content, while MYB305 was inhibited as a negative regulator. These findings elucidate the regulatory network underlying phenolic acid accumulation in S. miltiorrhiza under H2O2 stress from the perspectives of metabolic resource allocation and transcriptional regulation, providing a preliminary theoretical basis for improving the quality of S. miltiorrhiza medicinal materials through molecular breeding or environmental regulation. It should be noted that exogenous H2O2 treatment is a controllable experimental method, and its conclusions may differ from those under natural stress in terms of signal initiation and network integration. Further verification through multi-dimensional approaches is required for refinement.

H2O2 stress  /  salvianolic acid  /  transcriptional regulation  /  non-targeted metabolomics  /  Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge
杨晨, 郭权, 胡晓晨, 闫锋, 焦红红, 张岗, 李依民. 整合转录组与代谢组解析H2O2胁迫下丹参酚酸积累调控网络. 药学学报, 2026 , 61 (7) : 2746 -2756 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-1479
Chen YANG, Quan GUO, Xiao-chen HU, Feng YAN, Hong-hong JIAO, Gang ZHANG, Yi-min LI. Integrating transcriptomics and metabolomics to elucidate the regulatory network of salvianolic acid accumulation under H2O2 stress[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2026 , 61 (7) : 2746 -2756 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-1479
丹参(Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge.) 是我国传统常用中药, 具有心脏保护[1]、脑血管保护[2]、抗炎[3]与抗氧化[4]等多种药理作用。其主要活性成分为亲水性酚酸类与亲脂性丹参酮类[5]。酚酸类成分包括咖啡酸(caffeic acid, CA)、阿魏酸(ferulic acid, FA)、丹参素(Danshensu, DSS)、迷迭香酸(rosmarinic acid, RA) 及丹酚酸B (salvianolic acid B, Sal B) 等, 其中RA和Sal B是丹参发挥药效的主要物质基础, 也是评价丹参药材质量品质的重要指标[6, 7]。
这些关键酚酸成分在丹参体内的积累受到一系列复杂机制的调控, 活性氧(ROS) 作为植物响应环境胁迫的关键信号分子[8], 在调控丹参次生代谢过程中发挥核心作用。过氧化氢(H2O2) 作为ROS的主要组成之一, 不仅为氧化应激的产物, 还可作为第二信使介导信号传导, 参与植物生长发育与次生代谢的精细调控。近年研究表明, 外源水杨酸(salicylic acid, SA) 处理可通过提高超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase, CAT)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase, POD) 等抗氧化酶活性, 诱导H2O2积累, 进而促进CA与Sal B的合成[9, 10]; UV-B辐射则可通过激活氧化应激响应, 诱导转录因子SmNAC1的表达, 从而上调酚酸合成相关基因的转录水平, 促进Sal A积累[11]。此外, 茉莉酸甲酯(methyl jasmonate, MeJA) 也被证明能通过激活NADPH氧化酶途径, 诱导H2O2爆发, 进而促进丹参毛状根中RA和Sal B的合成[12]。这些研究进一步说明氧化还原信号在次生代谢中的枢纽作用, 尽管H2O2介导的氧化应激已被证实可显著影响丹参幼苗生长发育与酚酸积累, 但从信号感知、基因转录到代谢物合成的完整调控轴尚未完全阐明, 关键调控基因与代谢节点仍有待系统解析。
基于此, 本研究采用非靶向代谢组学与转录组学结合分析的策略, 从代谢物变化、基因表达差异与两者的关联三个层面, 系统揭示H2O2调控丹参幼苗生长与酚酸积累的分子机制, 筛选关键调控基因, 以期为丹参药材品质的定向改良提供理论依据与技术支撑。
丹参无菌苗培养与处理   选取当年采收且饱满、无病斑的种子(购自陕西天士力植物药业有限责任公司), 依次使用4%次氯酸钠与30% H2O2溶液中浸泡5 min, 期间持续震荡以确保种子充分消毒, 随后无菌水冲洗3~5遍。将表面消毒的丹参种子点种至1 mmol·L-1、5 mmol·L-1 H2O2的1/2 MS培养基中培养。培养条件为: 温度22 ± 1 ℃, 光照强度33~60 μmol·m-2·s-1, 光照时间16 h/8 h (光/暗)。所有处理组与对照组均设置3个生物学重复, 每个重复包含10株无菌苗, 培养60天后取整株幼苗作为样本供后续实验使用。
酚酸提取与含量测定   将样品于60 ℃烘箱中烘干至恒重, 粉碎后采用甲醇超声法提取酚酸类成分, 提取液经0.22 μm有机滤膜过滤备用。参照Wang等[13]所述方案, 采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC) 测定DDS、CA、FA、RA、Sal A、Sal B以及Tan IIA的含量。
非靶向代谢组学分析   采用LC-MS平台进行非靶向代谢组学分析, 提取物分析、代谢物鉴定及定量由广州基迪奥生物科技有限公司协助完成。原始数据经基线过滤、峰识别、积分及保留时间校正等预处理后, 得到包含有保留时间、质荷比与峰强度的数据矩阵。根据代谢物数据库进行定性分析, 并通过OPLS-DA等多变量与单变量统计相结合的方法筛选差异代谢物。
转录组测序分析   分别采集对照组与处理组幼苗, 每组设置3次生物学重复。提取总RNA并构建cDNA文库, 由广州基迪奥生物科技有限公司协助完成高通量测序。测序数据经质控过滤后得到清洁读数, 进行基因功能注释。以FDR < 0.05且|log2FC| ≥ 1为阈值筛选差异表达基因(DEGs), 并对差异基因进行GO功能与KEGG通路富集分析。
实时荧光定量PCR验证   选取10个候选基因(CYP98A2、CYP82A3、MYB305、WRKY42、WRKY28、ACC1、GGAT2、PYL6、SPA、CHS) 进行qRT-PCR验证。使用EASY spin plus植物RNA提取试剂盒提取总RNA, 通过Prime Script™ RT预混试剂盒(TaKaRa, RR036A) 合成cDNA后, 采用TB Green® Premix ExTaq™ (TaKaRa, RR820A) 进行定量PCR。以β-actin为内参基因, 通过2-ΔΔCt法计算基因相对表达量, 每组设置3个生物学重复。
统计学分析   所有实验均至少独立重复3次。计量数据以均值±标准差(mean ± SD) 表示, 采用GraphPad Prism 8.0软件进行统计学分析。组间差异比较运用单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA), 组间多重比较则采用Tukey检验。当P < 0.05时为具有统计学意义。
低浓度H2O2 (1 mmol·L-1) 处理下, 丹参幼苗表现出生长迟缓; 高浓度(5 mmol·L-1) 处理下, 株高较CK组降低42.5%, 且叶片出现紫色色素沉积(图1A、B), 根系长度减少, 幼苗鲜重仅为CK组的58.6% (图1C)。酚酸含量检测结果显示, CA、FA、RA和Sal B的含量均增加, 且与H2O2浓度呈现正相关(图1D)。然而DDS、Sal A与Tan IIA的相对含量未呈现显著差异, 暗示H2O2胁迫对丹参酮类成分影响较小, 主要调控酚酸类积累。
代谢组学分析共检测到230个有效代谢物, 涵盖有机酸类(20%), 氨基酸(9.57%) 和生物碱类(5.65%) 等。主成分分析(PCA) 显示对照组与各处理组代谢成分明显分离(图2B、E), 表明H2O2处理显著改变了丹参幼苗的代谢特征。差异代谢物分析发现, 1 mmol·L-1 H2O2处理下709个代谢物上调, 585个代谢物下调; 5 mmol·L-1 H2O2处理下659个代谢物上调、543个代谢物下调(图2A、D), 其中RA、CA、FA的差异倍数最为显著, 分别为1.24、1.76、1.08倍。GO功能分析表明, 1 mmol·L-1 H2O2处理组差异代谢物显著富集于光合作用相关的生物网络: 细胞组分层面, 显著富集于“类囊体”“质体”“叶绿体”等光合结构; 分子功能层面则集中于“氧化还原酶活性”“四吡咯结合”等功能; 生物过程层面显著富集“光合作用”“NADP/辅酶代谢”等能量生成相关过程; 5 mmol·L-1 H2O2处理组的差异代谢物同样富集于“NADP代谢”“烟酰胺核苷酸代谢”等过程, 但光合结构相关条目的富集显著性降低(图2C、F)。
转录组测序共获得406 225 216条清洁读数。Q30和GC含量分别为95.2%~94.75%和50.31%~49.11%, 33 136个基因被功能注释。差异基因筛选结果显示: 1 mmol·L-1 H2O2处理下2 024个基因上调, 1 284个基因下调; 5 mmol·L-1 H2O2处理下2 623个基因上调, 2 502个基因下调。
GO功能分析显示, 1 mmol·L-1 H2O2处理下的DEGs显著富集的术语与代谢转运和氧化应激反应相关, 例如“脂质代谢”“碳水化合物代谢”“氧化还原酶活性”以及“离子跨膜运输”等; 5 mmol·L-1 H2O2处理下的DEGs表达变化幅度与富集显著性强于1 mmol·L-1组, 主要显著富集于ROS响应相关基因且涉及基因数量更多, 包括“氧化还原酶活性”和“NADP代谢过程”等(图3A、B), 该组别还发现较多基因富集于“有机酸代谢”, 暗示较高浓度的H2O2可能通过调节有机酸代谢途径, 进而促进酚酸类成分的积累。进一步分析DEGs的功能分类发现, 对照组与各处理组(Ck-1 mmol·L-1、Ck-5 mmol·L-1) 样本中DEGs的KEGG通路具有高度相似性。两组样本均显著富集“次级代谢产物生物合成”“苯丙烷类生物合成”“倍半萜类与三萜类生物合成”“酪氨酸代谢”“黄酮类生物合成”“花青素生物合成”以及“谷胱甘肽代谢”等通路(图3C、D)。
通过调整阈值(P < 0.05) 对基因表达进行趋势聚类, 将基因表达分为4种模式: 模式0呈现持续下调趋势(图4A), 该模式中大多数基因与植物激素合成及信号通路相关(图4E), 如参与生长素生物合成的YUC3与GH3.5、参与细胞分裂素信号通路的IAA 14与ARR9以及可以对生长素与脱落酸信号通路产生串扰的钙信号转导基因CPK29、CIPK3。值得注意的是, 光合作用基因如PSAH、LHCA4、LHCB5也呈现显著下调。模式1 (图4B) 显示693个基因呈现与浓度无关的下调模式, 且这些基因主要关联生长发育及氧化还原过程(图4F)。具体而言, 模式1中涵盖有编码抗氧化蛋白基因(L-ascorbaste、GPX1、PER12) 以及光合作用相关基因(PGLP1B、GGAT2、PETH、PSRP1和RRF)。此外, 该分析还发现与发育相关的转录因子(bHLH63、bHLH79), 涉及脱落酸响应的PYL6基因在于该模式中检出。
模式6中聚集1 333个基因(图4C), 并呈现出不依赖浓度的上调模式。该模式包含大量参与丹酚酸合成的关键酶基因, 例如RAS、CHS、CAD、CHI3、ABS、PAL、HPR3、HMGR和HMGS (图4G), 其中迷迭香酸生物合成通路相关的部分关键酶编码基因存在于该谱图中。随后对该谱图中的其他基因给予了密切注意, 发现WRKY家族的多个转录因子在该模式中出现, 且在后续相关性分析中显示WRKY42、WRKY50、WRKY28、WRKY75、WRKY51和WRKY33与酚酸类成分呈现高度相关性。类似地, 细胞色素P-450单加氧酶家族成员, 包括CYP94A1、CYP98A2等, 这些基因同样与酚酸类成分同样呈现高度相关, 同时ROS清除剂相关基因也属于该上调谱图(GRXC1、TRX2、TRX1、PER73、GSTU15、GSTF9、GSTL3); 模式7包含1 009个基因(图4D), 其中苯丙烷类化合物和酪氨酸代谢相关通路的基因尤为突出(图4H)。如酪氨酸氨基转移酶基因At5g53970参与RA合成过程, 且在RA形成及酪氨酸氨基转移酶亚型差异表达中起关键作用; 而咖啡酸-O-甲基转移酶基因COMT1可催化CA转化为阿魏酸, 进一步推动酚酸物质的积累。表达量分析显示, 转录因子WRKY28、WRKY33在5 mmol·L-1 H2O2处理组较对照组表达量分别上调20.32与3.12倍, 而MYB305则显著下调; 1、5 mmol·L-1 H2O2处理下表达量仅为对照组的0.09与0.06倍, 这些转录因子表达量的变化表明丹参可能通过多家族转录因子协同调控并介导氧化应激下的生长发育与次级代谢。
为验证转录组数据的可靠性, 选取10个候选基因(CYP98A2、CYP82A3、MYB305、WRKY42、WRKY28、ACC1、GGAT2、PYL6、SPA、CHS) 进行qRT-PCR验证。结果显示, 各候选基因在不同浓度的H2O2 (1、5 mmol·L-1) 处理下表达趋势与转录组数据高度一致(图5): 酚酸合成相关基因CYP98A2在5 mmol·L-1处理组中相对表达量较对照组上调8.1倍; 氧化应激响应转录因子WRKY28与WRKY42在高浓度H2O2处理下较对照组分别上调1.51与1.86倍; MYB305在不同浓度处理下较对照组均显著下调, 表达模式与转录组结果保持一致。与此同时, ACC1、CHS等与丹参次生代谢产物积累相关的基因在处理组中表现出明显上升趋势, SPA、PYL6等参与丹参生长发育相关的基因则呈现下降趋势。结合相关物质含量发现, 处理组中花青素(anthocyanin, ACN) 与抗坏血酸(ascorbic acid, AA) 含量均有着不同程度的提升, 这一结果与GRXC1、GSTU15等抗氧化基因上调的现象相呼应, 表明丹参幼苗通过增强抗氧化物质合成以增强自身对于氧化应激的抵抗能力。
为进一步明确关键差异基因与酚酸积累的直接调控关系, 对不同处理组中的7种目标酚酸含量与相关基因表达量进行Pearson相关性分析(表1)。结果显示: 苯丙烷途径关键酶基因(PAL、C4H、4CL) 及酪氨酸途径关键基因(TAT、HPPR) 的表达量与目标酚酸含量普遍呈现正相关。13个WRKY家族成员与Sal B合成酶基因显著分化, 其中WRKY50、WRKY60与WRKY75与所有合成酶基因均呈现正相关, WRKY50与TAT相关系数高达0.988 (P < 0.01); WRKY则与大多数合成酶基因呈现负相关。与此同时。FA、RA与Sal B的含量与多个WRKY显著正相关, 其中WRKY18与Sal B相关系数最高, WRKY28与WRKY21也与RA、FA相关系数也分别达到0.794 (P < 0.05)、0.910 (P < 0.05), 而WRKY35与上述成分均呈现负相关。其次, 所有WRKY家族成员与Sal A、丹参酮的相关性均低于0.35未表现出显著关联性。
结合转录组与代谢组的联合分析结果进一步发现, H2O2处理下样本形成了“基因表达-代谢物积累”的协同调控网络(图6): 基因层面, 苯丙烷途径基因(PAL)、抗氧化基因(GPX) 及WRKY转录因子等表达量呈现明显上下调变化; 代谢层面, 不仅检出了苯丙烷响应通路的差异代谢物(L-酪氨酸、4-羟基苯丙酮酸), 还发生了初级代谢(如糖代谢、TCA循环等) 的重排, 并且与次级代谢协同变化; 通路层面, 两组学共同富集于苯丙烷、TCA循环等通路, 而苯丙烷通路是酚酸合成的重要通路, TCA循环则可以通过维持能量代谢稳态、调节NADH/NAD+等氧化还原辅酶平衡、提供关键中间产物, 为细胞抗氧化系统的正常运行提供必要支撑, 这也为WRKY家族调控丹参酚酸类成分合成提供了多组学层面的证据。
综上, qRT-PCR验证与关联分析结果表明, 氧化应激下丹参通过抑制生长相关基因(MYB305)、激活酚酸合成及抗氧化相关基因(WRKY28、WRKY33、WRKY42等) 的协同调控模式, 实现“生长抑制-酚酸积累”的适应性响应。
本研究通过整合转录组、代谢组分析, 阐明了外源H2O2介导的氧化应激对丹参幼苗生长与酚酸积累的调控具有浓度依赖性: 低浓度H2O2轻微抑制生长并激活光合作用与酚酸合成相关基因, 如RAS、CYP98A2等; 高浓度H2O2严重抑制生长, 同时促进FA、RA、Sal B等酚酸的积累。这一现象在植物逆境生理研究中具有普遍性, 如Tan等[14]研究发现, 低浓度外源H2O2 (1 mmol·L-1) 可轻微上调SmHPPR1及下游RAS、CYP98A2的表达, 同时伴随Sal B含量小幅提升; 高浓度H2O2 (5 mmol·L-1) 则显著强化这类基因的转录水平, 使Sal B含量较对照组提升40%以上; 代谢资源分配角度来看, 高浓度H2O2通过抑制植物激素合成相关基因(YUC3、GH3.5、IAA14、ARR9等) 的表达, 从而减少碳源与氮源向生长方向的分配。同时激活苯丙烷-酪氨酸途径中的关键基因, 将代谢重心转向酚酸合成。后续可通过检测植株碳氮比, ATP以及NADH/NAD+比值等数据进一步证实该结论。类似地, UV-B辐射通过抑制生长相关基因的转录, 将代谢重心转移至类黄酮的生物合成以应对紫外胁迫[15]; 干旱胁迫下, 小麦通过抑制赤霉素合成基因表达, 减少生长消耗, 同时激活苯丙烷途径关键基因, 促进酚酸类抗氧化物质积累[16, 17]。表明环境胁迫对药材品质的提升常常以生长抑制为代价。
转录因子是连接环境信号与代谢通路的核心枢纽。本研究发现WRKY28、WRKY33、WRKY42与Sal B、RA、FA含量呈显著正相关, 且在高浓度胁迫下显著上调。如Yu等[18]发现SmWRKY40可直接靶向结合迷迭香酸合酶基因(RAS) 启动子, 通过正向调控RAS表达显著促进RA和SaI B的积累; Feng等[19]发现在拟南芥中, WRKY33可通过结合靶基因C3H23启动子区域的W-box增强植物抗性, 因此推测WRKY家族成员可通过直接激活苯丙烷途径中的关键酶基因, 从而推动酚酸类成分合成; 与之相反, MYB305作为负调控因子, 在高浓度胁迫下显著下调。类似地, Zhang等[20]发现MdMYB305可通过抑制苹果中花青素合成相关基因(MdF3H、MdDFR、MdUFGT) 来调控糖与花青素积累; 丹参中SmMYB76通过直接下调SmPAL1、Sm4CL2和SmRAS1等酚酸合成基因来抑制酚酸的生合成[21], 提示MYB305可能通过与WRKY家族基因竞争结合位点或直接抑制RAS、CYP98A2等基因表达, 从而参与酚酸代谢的精细调控。后续将通过基因沉默等实验进一步验证其在丹参内的具体功能特性。
H2O2作为植物体内关键的氧化应激信号分子, 过量积累会导致脂质过氧化、DNA损伤等一系列细胞毒性反应[22], 维持氧化还原稳态是植物启动次生代谢的重要前提。本研究中GRXC1、TRX2等抗氧化基因的上调, 以及ACN、AA含量的升高, 表明丹参通过抗氧化清除维持细胞内环境稳定, 为酚酸合成提供保障。这一机制在其他植物中亦可以得到佐证: 干旱胁迫下葡萄中TRX基因的上调可通过维持叶绿体氧化还原平衡, 保障酚酸合成相关酶的活性[23]; 拟南芥中关键转录因子AtMYB12的过表达可显著提高黄酮类物质的积累, 降低H2O2含量, 增强其氧化应激[24]。值得注意的是, 高浓度H2O2抑制了NADP代谢基因的表达, 而NADP是PAL、TAT等酶促反应的关键辅酶, 其代谢失衡可能通过激活WRKY33等转录因子, 形成“ROS积累-抗氧化激活-酚酸合成”的调控回路, 这与Schmidt等[25]的研究具有相似性。
本研究通过多组学联合分析初步阐释了H2O2调控丹参酚酸积累的分子机制, 但仍存在有以下局限性: ①外源H2O2处理作为可控实验手段, 其结论与复杂自然环境下的胁迫响应可能存在差异。②研究集中于单一时间点, 缺乏胁迫时长梯度的动态分析。③虽通过关联分析筛选出关键转录因子, 但缺乏基因敲除、双荧光素酶报告等生物学证据验证。④研究仅聚焦于幼苗期, 没有验证关键基因对丹参成熟期根部酚酸积累的影响, 后续需在不同发育阶段、不同组织部位开展验证。

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2026年第61卷第7期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-1479
  • 接收时间:2025-12-10
  • 首发时间:2026-09-21
  • 出版时间:2026-07-12
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  • 收稿日期:2025-12-10
  • 修回日期:2026-03-10
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    1陕西中医药大学药学院/秦岭中草药工程中心, 陕西 西安 712046
    2陕西中医药大学陕西省中医药管理局"秦药"研发重点实验室, 陕西 西安 712046
    3陕西中医药大学省部共建特色秦药资源研究开发国家重点实验室, 陕西 咸阳 712083
    4陕西中医药大学, 协同创新中心, 陕西 西安 712046

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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