Article(id=1308841107451110334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308840985296204417, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-1341, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1762876800000, receivedDateStr=2025-11-12, revisedDate=1768924800000, revisedDateStr=2026-01-21, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789981637107, onlineDateStr=2026-09-21, pubDate=1778515200000, pubDateStr=2026-05-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789981637107, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789981637107, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789981637107, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1308840985296204417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2026', volume='61', issue='5', pageStart='1435', pageEnd='1880', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1778515200000', pubDateStr='2026-05-12', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789981607984, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789984207975, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1308851890515968861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308840985296204417, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1308851890515968862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308840985296204417, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1699, endPage=1711, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1308841107644048319, articleId=1308841107451110334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Proliferation tracing reveals that rifampicin induces liver regeneration in mouse models with zone-specific liver injury, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Based on the cellular proliferation tracing technique (ProTracer), this study explored the role of rifampicin (RIF) in promoting liver regeneration in a mouse model with zone-specific liver injury. The ProTracer system enables in vivo recording of cell proliferation by labeling proliferating cells with GFP fluorescence. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced injury and bile duct ligation (BDL) models were established, followed by RIF or vehicle treatment. Liver function was assessed by measuring serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bile acids (TBA), total bilirubin (TBIL), and direct bilirubin (DBIL). Liver injury area was evaluated by H&E staining, while whole-tissue fluorescence imaging was used to assess liver regeneration. Immunofluorescence co-staining was performed to quantify proliferating hepatocytes, identify cell types, and analyze zonal distribution. RNA sequencing was conducted to identify key differentially expressed genes and signaling pathways, with Western blot used for protein-level validation. In vitro validation was performed using the HepG2 hepatocyte cell line. Results showed that RIF significantly reduced serum ALT and AST levels in CCl4-induced liver injury and decreased TBA, TBIL, and DBIL levels in the BDL-induced liver injury, effectively reducing the area of liver damage. Whole-tissue fluorescence imaging revealed enhanced GFP signals and increased proliferating cells in the RIF-treated group. Immunofluorescence analysis indicated that RIF primarily promoted hepatocyte proliferation, with a marked increase in proliferating cells in zone 2 of the liver lobule (approximately 2.5-fold), and also significant increased in zones 1 and 3. RNA-Seq and Western blot analyses demonstrated upregulation of cell cycle and proliferation-related genes such as the Mcm family, Ccnd1, Ccna2, and Mki67, with enrichment in the cell cycle pathway. In vitro experiments showed that RIF treatment enhanced HepG2 cell viability and increased the proportion of Ki67-positive cells. In conclusion, RIF promotes hepatocyte proliferation and enhances liver regeneration following zone-specific liver injury by activating cell cycle signaling pathways. Animal experiments were conducted with approval from the Animal Ethics Committee of Binzhou Medical University (approval number: 2025-2018).
, authors=Ya-yun LIU
1, 2, Meng-yuan XU
2, Xu LIU
1, 2, Xu-yi FANG
2, Wei JIANG
2, Yan LI
2, 3, *, authorsList=Ya-yun LIU, Meng-yuan XU, Xu LIU, Xu-yi FANG, Wei JIANG, Yan LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yan LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2026 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1308841112601715664, articleId=1308841107451110334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=增殖示踪揭示利福平在小鼠区域性肝损伤中诱导肝再生, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
本研究利用细胞增殖示踪技术(ProTracer)探索利福平(rifampicin, RIF)在小鼠区域性肝损伤模型中促进肝再生的作用。ProTracer系统可以记录体内细胞增殖情况, 将发生增殖的细胞标记为GFP绿色荧光。构建四氯化碳(carbon tetrachloride, CCl4)损伤模型或胆管结扎(bile duct ligation, BDL)损伤模型, 给予RIF和溶剂处理, 检测血清谷草转氨酶(aspartate aminotransferase, AST)、谷丙转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase, ALT)、总胆汁酸(total bile acids, TBA)、总胆红素(total bilirubin, TBIL)和直接胆红素(direct bilirubin, DBIL)评估肝功能; H&E染色评估肝脏损伤面积; 肝组织整体荧光成像评估肝再生情况; 免疫荧光共染定量增殖肝细胞数量、细胞类型和区域分布; RNA‑Seq定位关键差异表达基因和信号通路, Western blot进行蛋白水平验证。在HepG2肝细胞系进行体外验证。结果显示, RIF组显著降低CCl4肝损伤中小鼠血清ALT、AST水平和BDL损伤中TBA、TBIL、DBIL水平, 有效减小肝脏损伤面积。整体荧光显示RIF处理组小鼠肝脏GFP信号增强, 发生增殖的细胞增加。免疫荧光染色的结果显示, RIF主要促进肝细胞的增殖, 肝小叶2区增殖细胞显著增加(≈2.5倍), 1区、3区亦有提升。RNA‑Seq和Western blot显示Mcm家族、Ccnd1、Ccna2、Mki67等细胞周期和增殖基因上调, 富集cell cycle通路。体外细胞实验发现, RIF处理后HepG2细胞活力增强, 增殖标志物Ki67阳性细胞比例增加。综上, RIF可通过激活细胞周期信号通路促进肝细胞增殖, 促进区域性肝损伤后肝细胞再生。本研究动物实验得到滨州医学院动物伦理委员会的批准(批准号: 2025-2018)。
, authors=刘亚云
1, 2, 徐梦园
2, 刘旭
1, 2, 方绪懿
2, 江唯
2, 李燕
2, 3, *, authorsList=刘亚云, 徐梦园, 刘旭, 方绪懿, 江唯, 李燕, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=李燕, authorNote=
作者贡献:
刘亚云负责文献查阅、实验研究、论文撰写和修改; 徐梦园负责动物模型建立; 刘旭、方绪懿和江唯参与前期实验探索, 参与文章和图片修改; 李燕是本文的通讯作者, 提供课题的整体思路、把关论文撰写和定稿。
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1Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
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1安徽中医药大学, 安徽 合肥 230012
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2烟台新药创制山东省实验室, 中科环渤海(烟台)药物高等研究院, 山东 烟台 264100)]), AuthorCompany(id=1308841113075672023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841107451110334, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841113084060632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841107451110334, companyId=1308841113075672023, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
3Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841113092449241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841107451110334, companyId=1308841113075672023, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
3中国科学院上海药物研究所, 上海 201203)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1308841120738664454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841107451110334, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=S+aHNMgdkEJv7YbAU/pujw==, figureFileBig=TC3VQSesrufF90fv/Tu3Jw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841120851910663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841107451110334, language=CN, label=Fig.1, caption=
Gene lineage tracing for cell proliferation and fate mapping. A: Strategy figure showing genetic lineage tracing cell proliferation in liver; B: Schematic showing a Ki67 fate map. Fate mapping of Ki67 records cell proliferation events from T1 to Tn. Each green square denotes a Ki67+ cell and progeny, figureFileSmall=S+aHNMgdkEJv7YbAU/pujw==, figureFileBig=TC3VQSesrufF90fv/Tu3Jw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841121078403080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841107451110334, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=+2B+vCEYroB31wvXlWLnVQ==, figureFileBig=sZBdrI1oYpyv52c6ZNa41g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841121162289161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841107451110334, language=CN, label=Fig.2, caption=
Rifampicin (RIF) improves carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver injury and promotes liver enlargement. A: Experimental design for assessing the therapeutical effect of RIF in CCl4-induced acute liver injury. Groups setting was shown on the right; B: Serum biochemical indexes including aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT); C: Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of liver sections; D: Quantification of the injury area of H&E staining; E: Whole-mount bright-field image of liver tissues; F: Quantification of the liver weight coefficient; G: Immunostaining for Ki67 on liver sections, quantification was shown on the right; H: Immunostaining for β-catenin on liver sections, quantification was shown on the right. Scale bars: 2 mm (E, yellow), 100 µm (C, G, H, white). n = 5-6 (B, D, F, G), n = 60 (H), mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. ns: Not significant, figureFileSmall=+2B+vCEYroB31wvXlWLnVQ==, figureFileBig=sZBdrI1oYpyv52c6ZNa41g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841121237786634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841107451110334, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=4S0HtxrDqYxSEpX1yT4V8A==, figureFileBig=x2w6+YRgHIdWFWZrUnnpIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841121304895499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841107451110334, language=CN, label=Fig.3, caption=
RIF promotes liver regeneration after acute CCl4 injury. A: Experimental design for genetic lineage tracing cell proliferation after acute CCl4 injury; B: Serum AST and ALT levels in R26-DreER; Ki67-2A-CrexER; R26-GFP mice with or without RIF treatment in acute CCl4 model; C: H&E staining of liver sections from R26-DreER; Ki67-2A-CrexER; R26-GFP mice with or without RIF treatment in acute CCl4 model, quantification of injury area was shown on the right; D: Whole-mount fluorescence images of liver from R26-DreER; Ki67-2A-CrexER; R26-GFP mice with or without RIF treatment in acute CCl4 model, quantification of the liver weight coefficient was shown on the right; E: Immunostaining for GFP and HNF4α on liver sections from R26-DreER; Ki67-2A-CrexER; R26-GFP mice with or without RIF treatment in acute CCl4 model, quantification of GFP+ cells was shown on the right; F: Immunostaining for GFP, E-cadherin (E-CAD, zone 1 marker) and glutamine synthetase (GS, zone 3 marker) on liver sections from R26-DreER; Ki67-2A-CrexER; R26-GFP mice with or without RIF treatment in acute CCl4 model; G: Quantification GFP+ cells in three liver zones. Scale bars: 2 mm (D, yellow), 100 µm (C, E, F, white). n = 5-6, mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001, figureFileSmall=4S0HtxrDqYxSEpX1yT4V8A==, figureFileBig=x2w6+YRgHIdWFWZrUnnpIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841121397170188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841107451110334, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=vcDD/v44HfDZzwZk8o5MIw==, figureFileBig=eulE/zBRR2e5gyrEHKmqHQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841121460084749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841107451110334, language=CN, label=Fig.4, caption=
Study on proliferation-related genes based on high-throughput RNA sequencing. A: Cluster heatmap showing the expression of differentially expressed genes; B: KEGG pathway analysis; C: GO pathway enrichment analysis; D: Protein levels of Ki67, cyclin A2 (CCNA2), minichromosome maintenance complex component 2 (MCM2) and cyclin D1 (CCND1) were analyzed by Western blot; E: Quantification of the protein expression levels of Ki67, CCNA2, MCM2, and CCND1 in the RIF group relative to the vehicle group in acute CCl4 model. n = 3, mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05, figureFileSmall=vcDD/v44HfDZzwZk8o5MIw==, figureFileBig=eulE/zBRR2e5gyrEHKmqHQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841121564942350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841107451110334, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=OiDVXKcdqmUMOwtNU3I3jg==, figureFileBig=H9Dzdqj3fZr39pgscH/vgA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841121644634127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841107451110334, language=CN, label=Fig.5, caption=
RIF promotes liver regeneration after bile duct ligation (BDL) injury. A: Experimental design for genetic lineage tracing cell proliferation after BDL injury; B: Serum total bile acids (TBA), total bilirubin (TBIL) and direct bilirubin (DBIL) levels in mice from R26-DreER; Ki67-2A-CrexER; R26-GFP mice with or without RIF treatment in BDL model; C: Whole-mount fluorescence images of liver from R26-DreER; Ki67-2A-CrexER; R26-GFP mice with or without RIF treatment in BDL model, quantification of the liver weight coefficient was shown on the right; D: Immunostaining for GFP and HNF4α on liver sections from R26-DreER; Ki67-2A-CrexER; R26-GFP mice with or without RIF treatment in BDL model, quantification of GFP+ cells was shown on the right; E: Immunostaining for GFP, E-CAD (zone 1 marker) and GS (zone 3 marker) on liver sections from R26-DreER; Ki67-2A-CrexER; R26-GFP mice with or without RIF treatment in BDL model; F: Quantification GFP+ cells in three liver zones. Scale bars: 2 mm (C, yellow), 100 µm (D, E, white). n = 5-8, mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, figureFileSmall=OiDVXKcdqmUMOwtNU3I3jg==, figureFileBig=H9Dzdqj3fZr39pgscH/vgA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841121778851856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841107451110334, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=0NytcYdIRThT50AfAY6m6Q==, figureFileBig=039KXI2uBrZSc7ojVtilDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841121845960721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841107451110334, language=CN, label=Fig.6, caption=
Exploring cell proliferation in liver by ProTracer mice during acute CCl4 and BDL injury. A: Immunostaining for GFP and other cell lineage markers, cytokeratin 19 (CK19), platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (CD31), leukocyte common antigen (CD45), platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα) on liver sections from R26-DreER; Ki67-2A-CrexER; R26-GFP mice with or without RIF treatment in acute CCl4 injury model; B: Quantification GFP+ cells in acute CCl4 injury model; C: Immunostaining for GFP and other cell lineage markers, CK19, CD31, CD45, PDGFRα on liver sections from R26-DreER; Ki67-2A-CrexER; R26-GFP mice with or without RIF treatment in BDL injury model; D: Quantification GFP+ cells in BDL injury model; E: Immunostaining for macrophage markers, CD206, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) on liver sections from mice with or without RIF treatment in acute CCl4 injury model; F: Quantification of CD206+ and iNOS+ cells in acute CCl4 injury model; G: Immunostaining for macrophage markers, CD206, iNOS, and activated fibroblast marker alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) on liver sections from mice with or without RIF treatment in BDL injury model; H: Quantification of CD206+ and iNOS+ cells in BDL injury model; I: Quantification of αSMA+ area in BDL injury model. Scale bars: 100 µm. n = 5-6, mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, figureFileSmall=0NytcYdIRThT50AfAY6m6Q==, figureFileBig=039KXI2uBrZSc7ojVtilDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841121929846802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841107451110334, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=bO3dVXVPEN4o77YXBehlCQ==, figureFileBig=EuzKxtTxW3f507DR0vUxmw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841122005344275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841107451110334, language=CN, label=Fig.7, caption=
Organ safety testing. Tissues from the liver, spleen, lung, kidney, intestine, and pancreas were subjected to H&E staining. Scale bars: 100 µm, figureFileSmall=bO3dVXVPEN4o77YXBehlCQ==, figureFileBig=EuzKxtTxW3f507DR0vUxmw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841122093424660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841107451110334, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=eFuFmhnLC7RUmphRTrr18A==, figureFileBig=ktUpGd+2FyQBWrKFsOHF+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841122160533525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841107451110334, language=CN, label=Fig.8, caption=
Effects of RIF on viability and proliferation of human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2. A: Experimental design; B: Cell viability detection of HepG2 cells treated with various concentrations of RIF; C: Immunostaining for Ki67 and DAPI in HepG2 cells treated with vehicle or RIF; D: Quantification of Ki67+ cells in HepG2 cells after treatment with different concentrations of RIF. 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