Article(id=1308842089639674017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308841897058198067, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-1229, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1760544000000, receivedDateStr=2025-10-16, revisedDate=1768752000000, revisedDateStr=2026-01-19, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789981871279, onlineDateStr=2026-09-21, pubDate=1783785600000, pubDateStr=2026-07-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789981871279, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789981871279, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789981871279, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1308841897058198067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2026', volume='61', issue='7', pageStart='2377', pageEnd='2820', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1783785600000', pubDateStr='2026-07-12', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789981825365, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789984154811, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1308851667525792021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308841897058198067, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1308851667525792022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308841897058198067, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2715, endPage=2728, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1308842090105241762, articleId=1308842089639674017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Evaluation of disintegration characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine tablets based on functionality-related characteristics of materials, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
This study used functionality-related characteristics of disintegrants to clarify how different superdisintegrants act in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) tablets and how their effects are modified by TCM type and drug loading. Three commonly used superdisintegrants and three TCMs representing disintegrating, dissolving/eroding and swelling disintegration patterns were selected as models. The basic properties of the disintegrants, including particle size, moisture, swelling ability and flowability, were systematically characterized and related to tablet disintegration profiles obtained from dynamic disintegration tests. The results showed that the performance of croscarmellose sodium was mainly governed by powder flowability, whereas sodium starch glycolate was controlled by a combination of sedimentation behaviour, particle size and moisture, and crospovidone depended primarily on particle size characteristics and swelling capacity. In tablets containing disintegrating- or dissolving/eroding-type TCMs, selecting grades according to these key properties clearly shortened disintegration time and increased disintegration rate. In high-loading tablets containing swelling-type TCM, competition for water and swelling space between the herbal powder and the disintegrant was observed and weakened the accelerating effect of the disintegrant. These findings indicate that an evaluation framework centred on functionality-related characteristics can link the structure and properties of superdisintegrants to disintegration behaviour in TCM tablets and provides a practical basis for optimizing disintegrant type and grade, particularly in high-loading formulations.
, authors=Qiao-rui LI
1, 2, Zhen-da LIU
1, 3, Xiao LIN
1, 2, Lan SHEN
1, 2, *, Li-jie ZHAO
1, *, authorsList=Qiao-rui LI, Zhen-da LIU, Xiao LIN, Lan SHEN, Li-jie ZHAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Lan SHEN, Li-jie ZHAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2026 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1308842093385187507, articleId=1308842089639674017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=基于物料功能性相关指标的中药片剂崩解特性评价, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
本研究以崩解剂的功能性相关指标为切入点, 探索不同类型超级崩解剂在中药片剂中的作用机制及其中药类型和载药量的调控效应。选用三类常用超级崩解剂及具有崩散、溶解/溶蚀和膨胀3种典型崩解特征的中药为模型, 通过系统表征崩解剂的粒径、含水量、膨胀能力和流动性等特征, 并结合崩解动力学测试, 分析崩解剂物性与片剂崩解速度和崩解过程形态之间的定量关系。结果表明, 交联羧甲基纤维素钠(croscarmellose sodium, CCS) 的崩解效应主要受粉体流动性支配; 羧甲基淀粉钠(sodium starch glycolate, SSG) 则由沉降体积、粒径及含水量等多种指标共同决定; 交联聚维酮(crospovidone, PVPP) 的崩解促进作用与粒径及其分布均匀性和膨胀能力密切相关。对于崩散型和溶解/溶蚀型中药片剂, 依据上述关键指标筛选崩解剂能够明显缩短崩解时间、提高崩解速率; 在高载药量膨胀型中药片剂中, 则出现中药粉体与崩解剂争夺水分和膨胀空间的“膨胀竞争”现象, 削弱了崩解剂的加速作用。研究结果提示, 以功能性相关指标为核心评估和选择崩解剂, 有助于构建“结构/性质-崩解行为”的联系, 为中药片剂尤其是高载药量处方的崩解剂类型与型号优化提供可操作的物理学依据。
, authors=李乔睿
1, 2, 刘珍达
1, 3, 林晓
1, 2, 沈岚
1, 2, *, 赵立杰
1, *, authorsList=李乔睿, 刘珍达, 林晓, 沈岚, 赵立杰, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=沈岚, 赵立杰, authorNote=
作者贡献:
李乔睿负责实验的实施和论文的撰写; 刘珍达负责协助实验思路和论文修改; 林晓、沈岚负责论文的审阅和修改; 赵立杰负责文章的构思与设计、指导课题的框架和思路。
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1Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Ministry of Education, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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1上海中医药大学创新中药研究院, 中药现代制剂技术教育部工程研究中心, 上海 201203
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1Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Ministry of Education, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
3Shanghai Ninth People′s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1308842094706393288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842089639674017, authorId=1308842094542815428, language=CN, stringName=刘珍达, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1上海中医药大学创新中药研究院, 中药现代制剂技术教育部工程研究中心, 上海 201203
3上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院, 上海 200011, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1308842094005944500, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842089639674017, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308842094014333109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842089639674017, companyId=1308842094005944500, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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3上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院, 上海 200011)])]), Author(id=1308842094777696458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842089639674017, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1308842094890942669, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842089639674017, authorId=1308842094777696458, language=EN, stringName=Xiao LIN, firstName=Xiao, middleName=null, lastName=LIN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Ministry of Education, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
2School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1308842094962245838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842089639674017, authorId=1308842094777696458, language=CN, stringName=林晓, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1上海中医药大学创新中药研究院, 中药现代制剂技术教育部工程研究中心, 上海 201203
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1, 2, *, address=
1Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Ministry of Education, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
2School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1308842095268430036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842089639674017, authorId=1308842095046131920, language=CN, stringName=沈岚, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1上海中医药大学创新中药研究院, 中药现代制剂技术教育部工程研究中心, 上海 201203
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1上海中医药大学创新中药研究院, 中药现代制剂技术教育部工程研究中心, 上海 201203)]), AuthorCompany(id=1308842094106607799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842089639674017, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308842094114996408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842089639674017, companyId=1308842094106607799, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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1, *, address=
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Curcuma longa L. essential oil composition, antioxidant effect, and effect on Fusarium verticillioides and fumonisin production [J]. Food Control, 2017, 73: 806-813., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308842104953078053, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842089639674017, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=36, rfOrder=35, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen FW, Guo Z, Li HY, et al. Correlation of Fuzilizhong chemome release from osmotic pump tablets and intrinsic dissolution characteristics from powders [J]. J China Pharm Univ (中国药科大学学报), 2012, 43: 5., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308842106655965478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842089639674017, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=37, rfOrder=36, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li T, Li M, Jing XQ, et al. Influence mechanism of pore-scale anisotropy and pore distribution heterogeneity on permeability of porous media [J]. Pet Explor Dev (石油勘探与开发), 2019, 46: 11., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1308842094005944500, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842089639674017, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308842094014333109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842089639674017, companyId=1308842094005944500, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Ministry of Education, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308842094026916022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842089639674017, companyId=1308842094005944500, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1上海中医药大学创新中药研究院, 中药现代制剂技术教育部工程研究中心, 上海 201203)]), AuthorCompany(id=1308842094106607799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842089639674017, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308842094114996408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842089639674017, companyId=1308842094106607799, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308842094123385017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842089639674017, companyId=1308842094106607799, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2上海中医药大学中药学院, 上海 201203)]), AuthorCompany(id=1308842094190493882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842089639674017, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308842094198882491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842089639674017, companyId=1308842094190493882, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
3Shanghai Ninth People′s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308842094207271100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842089639674017, companyId=1308842094190493882, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
3上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院, 上海 200011)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1308842097919230180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842089639674017, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=LKuogjdD6uHdyZXHKyHKAQ==, figureFileBig=lBerqbHmBTuQllG6s3htcg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308842097982144741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842089639674017, language=CN, label=Fig.1, caption=
Normalization data of physical and chemical properties of different types of disintegrants. SV: Sediment volume; C: Flow coefficient, figureFileSmall=LKuogjdD6uHdyZXHKyHKAQ==, figureFileBig=lBerqbHmBTuQllG6s3htcg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308842098229608678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842089639674017, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=NQe8N1yzF/IyzykAPvTyeg==, figureFileBig=TRugNmwprjvRDXgb1gqZVQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308842098305106151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842089639674017, language=CN, label=Fig.2, caption=
CA, DT, and disintegration kinetics parameters of Danshen and Jianghuang. A: Danshen; B: Jianghuang. n = 3, $ \overline{x} $ ± s. CA: Contact angle; DT: Disintegration time; Fs: The relative load value at 500 s; Fp: The stress value at the highest point; Dp: The displacement at the highest point; Tp: The time at the highest point, Te: The end time; kf: The slope of the descent stage; kr: The slope of the ascent stage; AUC: Area under the curve, figureFileSmall=NQe8N1yzF/IyzykAPvTyeg==, figureFileBig=TRugNmwprjvRDXgb1gqZVQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308842098372215016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842089639674017, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=pYsC/Hvc/JroQA8i5i4pPg==, figureFileBig=SJWTuDS5V26at2gTDn00mg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308842098443518185, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842089639674017, language=CN, label=Fig.3, caption=
Effects of different disintegrant types and grades on the CA, DT and kf of 5% Danshen tablets. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparison test was performed within each disintegrant type; columns with different lowercase letters within the same panel differ significantly (n = 3, $ \overline{x} $ ± s. P < 0.05), whereas columns sharing at least one common letter do not differ significantly. A: CCS formulations (A1-A4, A4′); B: SSG formulations (B1, B2, B2′); C: PVPP formulations (C1-C4, C1′, C2′), figureFileSmall=pYsC/Hvc/JroQA8i5i4pPg==, figureFileBig=SJWTuDS5V26at2gTDn00mg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308842098519015658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842089639674017, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=7eU4EY6FOVScCdrwXZYOXw==, figureFileBig=ZgtDxYaPnPZdDiJh8xdM2A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308842098594513131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842089639674017, language=CN, label=Fig.4, caption=
Correlation heatmap between physical and chemical properties and disintegration characteristics of 5% Danshen tablets with drug loading. The intensity of the color corresponds to the magnitude of the Pearson correlation coefficient (r). Red indicates a positive correlation, while blue indicates a negative correlation. The numbers inside the squares represent the r values. Statistical significance is denoted by asterisks (n = 3, $ \overline{x} $ ± s. *P < 0.05). A: CCS formulations; B: SSG formulations; C: PVPP XL formulations; D: PVPP XL-10 formulations, figureFileSmall=7eU4EY6FOVScCdrwXZYOXw==, figureFileBig=ZgtDxYaPnPZdDiJh8xdM2A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308842098665816300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842089639674017, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=SuxfSAXGTpk5GhnSf5axZg==, figureFileBig=ucvk9FmLUWsdgXPAd+wv0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308842098774868205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842089639674017, language=CN, label=Fig.5, caption=
Load-time curves of traditional Chinese medicine tablets. A: Pure Danshen powder tablets; B: Danshen tablets with 5% drug loading; C: Danshen tablets with 50% drug loading; D: Jianghuang tablets with 5% drug loading; E: Jianghuang tablets with 50% drug loading; F: Chuanxinlian tablets with 5% drug loading; G: Chuanxinlian tablets with 50% drug loading, figureFileSmall=SuxfSAXGTpk5GhnSf5axZg==, figureFileBig=ucvk9FmLUWsdgXPAd+wv0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308842098871337198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842089639674017, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=KuqqYjR+vf8ioZfEawfknA==, figureFileBig=gqGGfZO7Rdj9dP3TQOcaYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308842099039109359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842089639674017, language=CN, label=Fig.6, caption=
Characteristic parameters of Danshen tablets obtained by the stress relaxation method. A: Parameter values at 5% drug loading (black bars); B: Parameter values at 50% drug loading (white bars). n = 3, $ \overline{x} $ ± s, figureFileSmall=KuqqYjR+vf8ioZfEawfknA==, figureFileBig=gqGGfZO7Rdj9dP3TQOcaYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308842099135578352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842089639674017, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=R9Az6R88F65kleRulYexAQ==, figureFileBig=Mua5zQ6jGnymegxT/dNAUg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308842099202687217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842089639674017, language=CN, label=Fig.7, caption=
Characteristic parameters of Jianghuang and Chuanxinlian tablets obtained by the stress relaxation method. A: Parameter values at 5% drug loading; B: Parameter values at 50% drug loading. n = 3, $ \overline{x} $ ± s, figureFileSmall=R9Az6R88F65kleRulYexAQ==, figureFileBig=Mua5zQ6jGnymegxT/dNAUg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308842099492094194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842089639674017, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=XxgsqE2LcQoIq70MK6RQmg==, figureFileBig=Ol1jT09Mru1EcrAg8Qunwg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308842099571785971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842089639674017, language=CN, label=Fig.8, caption=
Mechanistic scheme linking disintegrant FRCs, TCM types, and tablet disintegration behavior across drug loadings. A: FRCs-driven disintegration at low drug loading (5%); B: Swelling competition between TCM and disintegrant at high drug loading (50%), figureFileSmall=XxgsqE2LcQoIq70MK6RQmg==, figureFileBig=Ol1jT09Mru1EcrAg8Qunwg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308842099664060660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842089639674017, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Trade name | Sediment volume/mL·g-1 | Batch number | Manufacturer | Code |
| CCS SOLUTAB® EDP | 22 | 235018061 | Roquette | A1 |
| CCS SOLUTAB® A | 19 | 225008099 | Roquette | A2 |
| CCS VIVASOL® | 15.5 | 32010222055 | JRS Pharma | A3 |
| CCS VIVASOL® GF | 17 | 71123110776 | JRS Pharma | A4, A4′ |
| SSG VIVASTAR® P | 30 | 21110221027 | JRS Pharma | B1 |
| SSG EXPLOTAB® | 24 | 41110441009 | JRS Pharma | B2, B2′ |
| Polyplasdone XPVP XL | - | 0002603347 | Ashland | C1, C1′ |
| Polyplasdone XPVP XL-10 | - | 0002603926 | Ashland | C2, C2′ |
| Polyplasdone XPVP XL | - | 050324022 | SSP Pharma | C3 |
| Polyplasdone XPVP XL-10 | - | 060723008 | SSP Pharma | C4 |
), ArticleFig(id=1308842099752141045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842089639674017, language=CN, label=Tab.1, caption=
Information on the 10 types of disintegrants
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Trade name | Sediment volume/mL·g-1 | Batch number | Manufacturer | Code |
| CCS SOLUTAB® EDP | 22 | 235018061 | Roquette | A1 |
| CCS SOLUTAB® A | 19 | 225008099 | Roquette | A2 |
| CCS VIVASOL® | 15.5 | 32010222055 | JRS Pharma | A3 |
| CCS VIVASOL® GF | 17 | 71123110776 | JRS Pharma | A4, A4′ |
| SSG VIVASTAR® P | 30 | 21110221027 | JRS Pharma | B1 |
| SSG EXPLOTAB® | 24 | 41110441009 | JRS Pharma | B2, B2′ |
| Polyplasdone XPVP XL | - | 0002603347 | Ashland | C1, C1′ |
| Polyplasdone XPVP XL-10 | - | 0002603926 | Ashland | C2, C2′ |
| Polyplasdone XPVP XL | - | 050324022 | SSP Pharma | C3 |
| Polyplasdone XPVP XL-10 | - | 060723008 | SSP Pharma | C4 |
), ArticleFig(id=1308842099831832822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842089639674017, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Formulation code | TCM/% | Lactose/% | Microcrystalline cellulose/% | Disintegrant/% | Magnesium stearate/% |
| 1 | 5 | 60 | 30 | 5 | 0.5 |
| 2 | 50 | 30 | 15 | 5 | 0.5 |
), ArticleFig(id=1308842099907330295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842089639674017, language=CN, label=Tab.2, caption=
Prescription design under different drug loading. TCM: Traditional Chinese medicine
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Formulation code | TCM/% | Lactose/% | Microcrystalline cellulose/% | Disintegrant/% | Magnesium stearate/% |
| 1 | 5 | 60 | 30 | 5 | 0.5 |
| 2 | 50 | 30 | 15 | 5 | 0.5 |
), ArticleFig(id=1308842099978633464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842089639674017, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Sample | D50/μm | Span | MC/% | S/mL g-1 | C |
| A1 | 40.15 ± 0.18 | 2.54 ± 0.05 | 5.59 ± 0.11 | 1.30 ± 0.10 | 2.67×10-5 |
| A2 | 55.03 ± 4.43 | 1.93 ± 0.01 | 7.66 ± 0.01 | 1.10 ± 0.00 | 9.34×10-6 |
| A3 | 43.90 ± 3.30 | 2.05 ± 0.04 | 5.60 ± 0.08 | 9.13 ± 0.12 | 3.56×10-5 |
| A4 | 40.88 ± 1.82 | 1.90 ± 0.73 | 8.64 ± 0.07 | 8.93 ± 0.06 | 1.59×10-4 |
| B1 | 43.51 ± 0.02 | 1.22 ± 0.01 | 3.45 ± 0.08 | 21.43 ± 0.26 | 9.91×10-4 |
| B2 | 43.95 ± 0.17 | 1.11 ± 0.00 | 5.10 ± 0.33 | 17.96 ± 0.06 | 3.51×10-4 |
| C1 | 120.83 ± 3.60 | 2.95 ± 0.04 | 7.33 ± 0.11 | 6.50 ± 0.17 | 3.68×10-5 |
| C2 | 24.44 ± 0.88 | 4.37 ± 1.98 | 6.18 ± 0.04 | 5.10 ± 0.01 | 2.93×10-3 |
| C3 | 79.51 ± 4.96 | 6.06 ± 2.66 | 2.04 ± 0.13 | 5.08 ± 0.08 | 2.54×10-5 |
| C4 | 24.83 ± 0.03 | 1.70 ± 0.01 | 3.15 ± 0.11 | 4.00 ± 0.17 | 7.82×10-4 |
), ArticleFig(id=1308842100062519545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842089639674017, language=CN, label=Tab.3, caption=
Determination results of D50, Span, MC, S, and the flow coefficient of the disintegrant. D50: Median particle size; Span: Particle size distribution; MC: Moisture content; S: Swelling degree
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Sample | D50/μm | Span | MC/% | S/mL g-1 | C |
| A1 | 40.15 ± 0.18 | 2.54 ± 0.05 | 5.59 ± 0.11 | 1.30 ± 0.10 | 2.67×10-5 |
| A2 | 55.03 ± 4.43 | 1.93 ± 0.01 | 7.66 ± 0.01 | 1.10 ± 0.00 | 9.34×10-6 |
| A3 | 43.90 ± 3.30 | 2.05 ± 0.04 | 5.60 ± 0.08 | 9.13 ± 0.12 | 3.56×10-5 |
| A4 | 40.88 ± 1.82 | 1.90 ± 0.73 | 8.64 ± 0.07 | 8.93 ± 0.06 | 1.59×10-4 |
| B1 | 43.51 ± 0.02 | 1.22 ± 0.01 | 3.45 ± 0.08 | 21.43 ± 0.26 | 9.91×10-4 |
| B2 | 43.95 ± 0.17 | 1.11 ± 0.00 | 5.10 ± 0.33 | 17.96 ± 0.06 | 3.51×10-4 |
| C1 | 120.83 ± 3.60 | 2.95 ± 0.04 | 7.33 ± 0.11 | 6.50 ± 0.17 | 3.68×10-5 |
| C2 | 24.44 ± 0.88 | 4.37 ± 1.98 | 6.18 ± 0.04 | 5.10 ± 0.01 | 2.93×10-3 |
| C3 | 79.51 ± 4.96 | 6.06 ± 2.66 | 2.04 ± 0.13 | 5.08 ± 0.08 | 2.54×10-5 |
| C4 | 24.83 ± 0.03 | 1.70 ± 0.01 | 3.15 ± 0.11 | 4.00 ± 0.17 | 7.82×10-4 |
), ArticleFig(id=1308842100158988538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842089639674017, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| FRCs | CCS | SSG | PVPP XL | PVPP XL-10 |
| D50 | | √ | √ | √ |
| Span | | √ | √ | √ |
| MC | | √ | | |
| S | | √ | √ | √ |
| Powder flowability | √ | √ | | √ |
| SV | | √ | | |
), ArticleFig(id=1308842100221903099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842089639674017, language=CN, label=Tab.4, caption=
FRCs of 3 types of disintegrants. FRCs: Functionality-related characteristics; CCS: Croscarmellose sodium; SSG: Sodium starch glycolate; PVPP: Crospovidone
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| FRCs | CCS | SSG | PVPP XL | PVPP XL-10 |
| D50 | | √ | √ | √ |
| Span | | √ | √ | √ |
| MC | | √ | | |
| S | | √ | √ | √ |
| Powder flowability | √ | √ | | √ |
| SV | | √ | | |
), ArticleFig(id=1308842100293206268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842089639674017, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Comparison item | Disintegrating type | Dissolving/eroding type | Swelling type |
| Intrinsic disintegration behavior[16] | Loose internal structure and low tablet mechanical strength; rapid disintegration relies on the presence of disintegrants | Tablet components dissolve or erode directly upon contact with liquid | Constituent materials undergo pronounced swelling upon hydration, leading to easy disintegration |
| Disintegrant sensitivity[17] | High: Differences in disintegrant FRCs can significantly affect disintegration time | Low: Disintegration behavior is primarily governed by dissolution rate | Low: Tablets can disintegrate even without disintegrants, resulting in minimal observable differences |
| Interfering factors[18, 19] | Minimal interference; intrinsic tablet effects are weak | Complex dissolution/erosion processes hinder isolation of disintegrant effects | Excessive swelling of herbal materials masks the role of disintegrants |
| Use as a model drug[20, 21] | Suitable | Not suitable | Not suitable |
), ArticleFig(id=1308842100360315133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842089639674017, language=CN, label=Tab.5, caption=
Classification comparison of the relationship between the properties and disintegration efficiency of traditional Chinese medicine tablets
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Comparison item | Disintegrating type | Dissolving/eroding type | Swelling type |
| Intrinsic disintegration behavior[16] | Loose internal structure and low tablet mechanical strength; rapid disintegration relies on the presence of disintegrants | Tablet components dissolve or erode directly upon contact with liquid | Constituent materials undergo pronounced swelling upon hydration, leading to easy disintegration |
| Disintegrant sensitivity[17] | High: Differences in disintegrant FRCs can significantly affect disintegration time | Low: Disintegration behavior is primarily governed by dissolution rate | Low: Tablets can disintegrate even without disintegrants, resulting in minimal observable differences |
| Interfering factors[18, 19] | Minimal interference; intrinsic tablet effects are weak | Complex dissolution/erosion processes hinder isolation of disintegrant effects | Excessive swelling of herbal materials masks the role of disintegrants |
| Use as a model drug[20, 21] | Suitable | Not suitable | Not suitable |
), ArticleFig(id=1308842100431618302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842089639674017, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| TCM tablets type | Disintegrant type |
| Danshen | A1, A2, A3, A4, A4', B1, B2, B2', C1, C1', C2, C2', C3, C4 |
| Jianghuang | A1, A4, B1, B2, C3, C4 |
| Chuanxinlian | A4, B1, C4 |
), ArticleFig(id=1308842100502921471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842089639674017, language=CN, label=Tab.6, caption=
List of disintegrants used in different traditional Chinese medicine tablets. A1: CCS SOLUTAB® EDP; A2: CCS SOLUTAB® A; A3: CCS VIVASOL®; A4, A4': CCS VIVASOL® GF; B1: SSG VIVASTAR® P; B2, B2': SSG EXPLOTAB®; C1, C1': Polyplasdone XPVP XL (Ashland); C2, C2': Polyplasdone XPVP XL-10 (Ashland); C3: Polyplasdone XPVP XL (SSP Pharma); C4: Polyplasdone XPVP XL-10 (SSP Pharma)
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| TCM tablets type | Disintegrant type |
| Danshen | A1, A2, A3, A4, A4', B1, B2, B2', C1, C1', C2, C2', C3, C4 |
| Jianghuang | A1, A4, B1, B2, C3, C4 |
| Chuanxinlian | A4, B1, C4 |
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| Disintegrant | TCM | Fs | Te | kf | AUC |
| A4 | Danshen | 49.65 ± 9.33a | 1 220.46 ± 3.33a | 0.04 ± 0.01a | 23 082.12 ± 4 408.04a |
| Jianghuang | 68.18 ± 13.06a | 840.30 ± 23.72b | 0.20 ± 0.05b | 1 075.41 ± 437.79b |
| Chuanxinlian | 46.63 ± 4.15a | 776.48 ± 35.26c | 0.17 ± 0.03b | 19 005.87 ± 6 822.43a |
| B1 | Danshen | 38.68 ± 12.85a | 646.32 ± 9.84b | 0.05 ± 0.02a | 16 662.44 ± 2 142.39ab |
| Jianghuang | 45.29 ± 3.35a | 975.46 ± 71.89a | 0.10 ± 0.03a | 2 085.35 ± 904.69b |
| Chuanxinlian | 24.93 ± 15.17a | 900.40 ± 24.74a | 0.06 ± 0.04a | 28 064.78 ± 10 552.00a |
| C4 | Danshen | 45.23 ± 7.47a | 1 336.12 ± 37.47a | 0.05 ± 0.01a | 17 613.11 ± 6 127.93a |
| Jianghuang | 71.45 ± 21.29a | 730.96 ± 42.56b | 0.30 ± 0.09ab | 1 259.76 ± 388.25b |
| Chuanxinlian | 36.22 ± 12.11a | 566.06 ± 14.32c | 0.59 ± 0.28b | 3 816.33 ± 1 564.01b |
), ArticleFig(id=1308842102260334849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842089639674017, language=CN, label=Tab.7, caption=
Disintegration kinetics parameters (Fs, Te, kf and AUC) of three disintegrants in different TCM tablet formulations (drug loading 50%). n = 3, $ \overline{x} $ ± s. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey′s multiple comparison test was performed within each disintegrant type; columns with different lowercase letters within the same panel differ significantly (P < 0.05), whereas columns sharing at least one common letter do not differ significantly
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| Disintegrant | TCM | Fs | Te | kf | AUC |
| A4 | Danshen | 49.65 ± 9.33a | 1 220.46 ± 3.33a | 0.04 ± 0.01a | 23 082.12 ± 4 408.04a |
| Jianghuang | 68.18 ± 13.06a | 840.30 ± 23.72b | 0.20 ± 0.05b | 1 075.41 ± 437.79b |
| Chuanxinlian | 46.63 ± 4.15a | 776.48 ± 35.26c | 0.17 ± 0.03b | 19 005.87 ± 6 822.43a |
| B1 | Danshen | 38.68 ± 12.85a | 646.32 ± 9.84b | 0.05 ± 0.02a | 16 662.44 ± 2 142.39ab |
| Jianghuang | 45.29 ± 3.35a | 975.46 ± 71.89a | 0.10 ± 0.03a | 2 085.35 ± 904.69b |
| Chuanxinlian | 24.93 ± 15.17a | 900.40 ± 24.74a | 0.06 ± 0.04a | 28 064.78 ± 10 552.00a |
| C4 | Danshen | 45.23 ± 7.47a | 1 336.12 ± 37.47a | 0.05 ± 0.01a | 17 613.11 ± 6 127.93a |
| Jianghuang | 71.45 ± 21.29a | 730.96 ± 42.56b | 0.30 ± 0.09ab | 1 259.76 ± 388.25b |
| Chuanxinlian | 36.22 ± 12.11a | 566.06 ± 14.32c | 0.59 ± 0.28b | 3 816.33 ± 1 564.01b |
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