Article(id=1308841086257292075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308840985296204417, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-1201, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1760112000000, receivedDateStr=2025-10-11, revisedDate=1766073600000, revisedDateStr=2025-12-19, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789981632055, onlineDateStr=2026-09-21, pubDate=1778515200000, pubDateStr=2026-05-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789981632055, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789981632055, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789981632055, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1308840985296204417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2026', volume='61', issue='5', pageStart='1435', pageEnd='1880', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1778515200000', pubDateStr='2026-05-12', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789981607984, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789984207975, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1308851890515968861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308840985296204417, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1308851890515968862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308840985296204417, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1663, endPage=1674, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1308841086475395884, articleId=1308841086257292075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Therapeutic effect and mechanism of Zhisou Huatan Wan on rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease of phlegm-heat obstructing the lung type, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study aims to explore the therapeutic effect and mechanism of action of Zhisou Huatan Wan on rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) of phlegm-heat obstructing the lungs. Animal experiments were approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Henan University of Chinese Medicine (approval number: IACUC-202506002). Sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into six groups: control group, model group, erythromycin group (100 mg·kg-1), and low-dose (206.55 mg·kg-1), medium-dose (413.1 mg·kg-1), and high-dose Zhisou Huatan Wan (826.2 mg·kg-1) group. The rats were constructed with COPD of phlegm-heat obstructing the lungs by using smoke inhalation combined with intratracheal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 mg·kg-1) and cold air stimulation. The lung function, cough frequency, tracheal phenol red excretion, the degree of pulmonary tissue edema, arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) of each group of rats were detected. H & E, Masson, and PAS staining were used to detect lung tissue lesions. The levels of apoptosis, oxidative stress and mitochondrial membrane potential in lung tissue, and peripheral blood immune cells (neutrophils, Treg cells, Th17 cells) were detected by flow cytometry. Transcriptomics analysis was used to screen core targets and signaling pathways. ELISA was applied to measure the levels of interleukin 17A (IL-17A), C-C chemokine ligand 7 (CCL7) and C-C motif chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20) in serum and lung tissue. qRT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA levels of IL-17A, CCL7 and CCL20 in lung tissue. IL-17A protein level was detected by Western blot. The results showed that Zhisou Huatan Wan significantly improved lung function, increased the level of blood oxygen partial pressure, mitochondrial membrane potential in lung tissue, and Treg cells in peripheral blood, promoted tracheal phenol red secretion, alleviated pathological lung injury, and reduced cough frequency, carbon dioxide partial pressure, the degree of pulmonary tissue edema, apoptosis and oxidative stress levels in lung tissue, as well as the levels of neutrophils and Th17 cells in peripheral blood. Zhisou Huatan Wan reduced the content of IL-17A, CCL7 and CCL20 in serum and lung tissue, and the corresponding mRNA levels in lung tissue, as well as the expression level of IL-17A in lung tissue. Transcriptomic analysis identified 78 differentially expressed genes, and primarily enriched in IL-17 signaling pathway, the chemokine signaling pathway and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. The results showed that Zhisou Huatan Wan had a significant improvement effect on COPD rats of phlegm-heat obstructing the lungs, and its mechanism may be related to the IL-17 signaling pathway.

, authors=Yan-xing WU1, 2, Meng-nan ZENG1, 2, Peng-li GUO1, 2, Yu-han ZHANG1, 2, Yuan YU3, Zi-yu ZHANG1, 2, Meng-die LUO1, 2, Xiao-ke ZHENG1, 2, *, authorsList=Yan-xing WU, Meng-nan ZENG, Peng-li GUO, Yu-han ZHANG, Yuan YU, Zi-yu ZHANG, Meng-die LUO, Xiao-ke ZHENG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiao-ke ZHENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2026 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1308841090573230913, articleId=1308841086257292075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=止嗽化痰丸对痰热阻肺型慢性阻塞性肺疾病大鼠的治疗作用及机制研究, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究旨在探究止嗽化痰丸对痰热阻肺型慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD)大鼠的治疗作用及其作用机制。动物实验经河南中医药大学实验动物伦理委员会批准(批准号: IACUC-202506002)。将60只雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、阳性药红霉素组(100 mg·kg-1)、止嗽化痰丸低(206.55 mg·kg-1)、中(413.1 mg·kg-1)、高(826.2 mg·kg-1)剂量组, 采用烟熏联合气管滴注脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide, LPS, 1 mg·kg-1)及冷空气刺激的方法构建痰热阻肺型COPD大鼠模型。检测各组大鼠肺功能、咳嗽次数、气管酚红排泌量、肺组织水肿程度、动脉血氧分压(arterial partial pressure of oxygen, PaO2)、动脉血二氧化碳分压(arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide, PaCO2); H & E、Masson、PAS染色检测肺组织病变; 流式细胞术检测大鼠肺组织凋亡、氧化应激、线粒体膜电位及外周血免疫细胞水平; 转录组学筛选核心靶点和信号通路; 酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血清、肺组织中白介素17A (interleukin 17A, IL-17A)、CC趋化因子配体7 (C-C chemokine ligand 7, CCL7)、C-C基序趋化因子配体20 (C-C motif chemokine ligand 20, CCL20)的含量; qRT-PCR法检测肺组织中IL-17A、CCL7、CCL20 mRNA水平; 蛋白印记法检测IL-17A蛋白水平。结果显示, 止嗽化痰丸显著提高痰热阻肺型COPD大鼠肺功能、血氧分压、肺组织线粒体膜电位及外周血Treg细胞水平, 促进气管酚红排泌, 减轻肺部病理损伤, 降低咳嗽次数、二氧化碳分压、肺组织干湿比、总含水量、肺系数、肺组织凋亡、氧化应激及外周血中性粒细胞、Th17细胞水平, 降低血清、肺组织中IL-17A、CCL7、CCL20水平, 在肺组织中mRNA表达水平及肺组织中IL-17A蛋白水平。转录组分析发现78个差异基因, 主要富集于IL-17信号通路、趋化因子及细胞因子-受体相互作用。结果表明, 止嗽化痰丸对痰热阻肺型COPD大鼠有明显的改善作用, 其作用机制可能与IL-17信号通路有关。

, authors=吴妍杏1, 2, 曾梦楠1, 2, 郭彭莉1, 2, 张宇涵1, 2, 余渊3, 张梓玉1, 2, 罗梦蝶1, 2, 郑晓珂1, 2, *, authorsList=吴妍杏, 曾梦楠, 郭彭莉, 张宇涵, 余渊, 张梓玉, 罗梦蝶, 郑晓珂, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=郑晓珂, authorNote=

作者贡献:

吴妍杏负责实验设计、实验开展、分析数据、论文撰写及修改文章; 曾梦楠、郭彭莉、张宇涵、张梓玉、罗梦蝶参与实验设计、相关病理检测; 余渊负责资金获取、方法论、监督; 郑晓珂负责指导实验方案、文章的审阅和修改。

, correspAuthorsNote=
郑晓珂, Tel: 13623855366; E-mail:
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Research advances in the transformation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to lung cancer [J]. Acta Pharm Sin (药学学报), 2020, 55: 1410-1418., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841102577329049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841086257292075, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang XL, Li Y, Liu BZ. Effect of Houpu Mahuang Decoction on TCM syndrome score and lung function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease of phlegm-heat accumulation type [J]. 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A: Mv; B: PIF; C: PEF. n = 6, x ± s. ##P < 0.01 vs CON group; **P < 0.01 vs M group. CON: Control group; M: Model group; HMS: Erythromycin group (100 mg·kg-1); ZSHTW-L: Low-dose Zhisou Huatan Wan group (206.55 mg·kg-1); ZSHTW-M: Medium-dose Zhisou Huatan Wan group (413.1 mg·kg-1); ZSHTW-H: High-dose Zhisou Huatan Wan group (826.2 mg·kg-1); COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Mv: Minute ventilation; PIF: Peak inspiratory flow; PEF: Peak expiratory flow, figureFileSmall=yPZ1O77AQhNZzyygsCsgjQ==, figureFileBig=IpFEow11kAZB11GyGUcMug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841099490321286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841086257292075, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=vkDHigVEx4u7X60/4I+CIw==, figureFileBig=Pfg3mMQ/xa+w/P2PL6sf9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841099582595975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841086257292075, language=CN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effect of Zhisou Huatan Wan on cough frequency and phenol red secretion in COPD rats of phlegm-heat obstructing the lungs. A: The frequency of coughing; B: The amount of phenol red excretion. n = 3, x ± s. ##P < 0.01 vs CON group; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs M group, figureFileSmall=vkDHigVEx4u7X60/4I+CIw==, figureFileBig=Pfg3mMQ/xa+w/P2PL6sf9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841099645510536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841086257292075, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=TrO7lJ+2rzscb4gNznLTNA==, figureFileBig=ra27XoWcOoqYjycKBM5sJw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841099716813705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841086257292075, language=CN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effect of Zhisou Huatan Wan on blood gas analysis in COPD rats of phlegm-heat obstructing the lungs. A: PaCO2; B: PaO2. n = 3, x ± s. ##P < 0.01 vs CON group; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs M group. PaCO2: Arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide; PaO2: Arterial partial pressure of oxygen, figureFileSmall=TrO7lJ+2rzscb4gNznLTNA==, figureFileBig=ra27XoWcOoqYjycKBM5sJw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841099775533962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841086257292075, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=2J5J4F9Z/+1sqgQmzgXyzQ==, figureFileBig=fTplOajmF+trsslRNrO7rg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841099859420043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841086257292075, language=CN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effect of Zhisou Huatan Wan on the degree of pulmonary edema in COPD rats of phlegm-heat obstructing the lungs. A: Wet weight/dry ratio; B: Total lung water content; C: Lung index. n = 3 or 6, x ± s. #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01 vs CON group; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs M group, figureFileSmall=2J5J4F9Z/+1sqgQmzgXyzQ==, figureFileBig=fTplOajmF+trsslRNrO7rg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841099943306124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841086257292075, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=LPH8UrXqnswZxDSVQ2m4CA==, figureFileBig=nPq0nbHZT1LATn3CcYkW9g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841100014609293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841086257292075, language=CN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effect of Zhisou Huatan Wan on the pathological changes in lung tissue of COPD rats of phlegm-heat obstructing the lungs. A: Pathological changes in lung tissue of rats, the arrow points to the area of pathological change (20×, scare bar: 60 μm); B: Quantitative analysis of H & E staining; C: Quantitative analysis of collagen deposition; D: Quantitative analysis of PAS staining; n = 6, x ± s. ##P < 0.01 vs CON group; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs M group, figureFileSmall=LPH8UrXqnswZxDSVQ2m4CA==, figureFileBig=nPq0nbHZT1LATn3CcYkW9g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841100077523854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841086257292075, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=iefHikw1KbM0xewOXj+QEA==, figureFileBig=AZ7uFWrZvyQ261jgUtBVqg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841100190770063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841086257292075, language=CN, label=Fig.6, caption=Effect of Zhisou Huatan Wan on the level of apoptosis, oxidative stress and mitochondrial membrane potential in lung tissue of COPD rats of phlegm-heat obstructing the lungs. A, B: Apoptosis level in lung tissue cells of rats; C, D: ROS level in lung tissue cells of rats; E, F: JC-1 level in lung tissue cells of rats. n = 3, x ± s. ##P < 0.01 vs CON group; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs M group. ROS: Reactive oxygen species, figureFileSmall=iefHikw1KbM0xewOXj+QEA==, figureFileBig=AZ7uFWrZvyQ261jgUtBVqg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841100274656144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841086257292075, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=dOT63oyovfFe08YMzVQMCg==, figureFileBig=BV1pXVurbtu5pNVFjDLTYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841100345959313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841086257292075, language=CN, label=Fig.7, caption=Effect of Zhisou Huatan Wan on peripheral blood immune cells in COPD rats of phlegm-heat obstructing the lungs. A, B: Levels of neutrophils in peripheral blood of rats; C, D: Levels of Treg cells in peripheral blood of rats; E, F: Levels of Th17 cells in peripheral blood of rats. n = 3, $ \overline{x} $ ± s. ##P < 0.01 vs CON group; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs M group, figureFileSmall=dOT63oyovfFe08YMzVQMCg==, figureFileBig=BV1pXVurbtu5pNVFjDLTYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841100413068178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841086257292075, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=jNT0if0oAb1JUQ1hgH/DIw==, figureFileBig=QBbrlHCCedmJKWSV+vHExQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841100480177043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841086257292075, language=CN, label=Fig.8, caption=Effect of Zhisou Huatan Wan on transcription genes in lung tissue of COPD rats of phlegm-heat obstructing the lungs. A: PCA plot; B: Differentially expressed genes; C: Venn diagram of downregulated genes (M vs CON) versus upregulated genes (ZSHTW vs M); D: Venn diagram of upregulated genes (M vs CON) versus downregulated genes (ZSHTW vs M); E: Volcano plot (M vs CON); F: Volcano plot (ZSHTW vs M); G: KEGG enrichment analysis results; H: Heat map, figureFileSmall=jNT0if0oAb1JUQ1hgH/DIw==, figureFileBig=QBbrlHCCedmJKWSV+vHExQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841102157898644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841086257292075, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=5fcMD4CMolXLX3ltYG1OYw==, figureFileBig=AochAw3XxOrf34T5/IZb7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841102245979029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841086257292075, language=CN, label=Fig.9, caption=Effect of Zhisou Huatan Wan on the IL-17A signaling pathway in COPD rats of phlegm-heat obstructing the lungs. A-C: Levels of IL-17A (A), CCL7 (B), and CCL20 (C) in serum; D-F: Levels of IL-17A (D), CCL7 (E) and CCL20 (F) in lung tissue; G-I: IL-17A (G), CCL7 (H), CCL20 (I) mRNA expression levels in lung tissue of rats; J, K: Expression map and expression status of IL-17A protein. n = 3 or 6, $ \overline{x} $ ± s. #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01 vs CON group; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs M group, figureFileSmall=5fcMD4CMolXLX3ltYG1OYw==, figureFileBig=AochAw3XxOrf34T5/IZb7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841102329865110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841086257292075, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GenePrimer sequence (5′-3′)
CCL7-SCAACCAGATGGGACCAATTCA
CCL7-ATTCCCAGGGACACCGACTACT
IL17A-STCCTCTATTGTCCGCCATGC
IL17A-AATTTGTATCCCCTCTGCGCC
CCL20-SCACAAAGAACGTGTATCATCATGC
CCL20-AGCATCCGTTTTTACATCTTCTTGG
GAPDH-SCTGGAGAAACCTGCCAAGTATG
GAPDH-AGGTGGAAGAATGGGAGTTGCT
), ArticleFig(id=1308841102396973975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841086257292075, language=CN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Primer sequences. IL-17A: Interleukin 17A; CCL7: C-C chemokine ligand 7; CCL20: C-C motif chemokine ligand 20

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GenePrimer sequence (5′-3′)
CCL7-SCAACCAGATGGGACCAATTCA
CCL7-ATTCCCAGGGACACCGACTACT
IL17A-STCCTCTATTGTCCGCCATGC
IL17A-AATTTGTATCCCCTCTGCGCC
CCL20-SCACAAAGAACGTGTATCATCATGC
CCL20-AGCATCCGTTTTTACATCTTCTTGG
GAPDH-SCTGGAGAAACCTGCCAAGTATG
GAPDH-AGGTGGAAGAATGGGAGTTGCT
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止嗽化痰丸对痰热阻肺型慢性阻塞性肺疾病大鼠的治疗作用及机制研究
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吴妍杏 1, 2 , 曾梦楠 1, 2 , 郭彭莉 1, 2 , 张宇涵 1, 2 , 余渊 3 , 张梓玉 1, 2 , 罗梦蝶 1, 2 , 郑晓珂 1, 2, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2026,61(5): 1663-1674
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药学学报 |研究论文 2026 , 61 (5) : 1663 -1674
止嗽化痰丸对痰热阻肺型慢性阻塞性肺疾病大鼠的治疗作用及机制研究
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吴妍杏1, 2, 曾梦楠1, 2, 郭彭莉1, 2, 张宇涵1, 2, 余渊3, 张梓玉1, 2, 罗梦蝶1, 2, 郑晓珂1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1河南中医药大学药学院, 河南 郑州 450046
  • 2河南省中药开发工程技术研究中心, 河南 郑州 450046
  • 3贵州德昌祥医药股份有限公司, 贵州 贵阳 550001
通讯作者:
郑晓珂, Tel: 13623855366; E-mail:
作者简介:

作者贡献:

吴妍杏负责实验设计、实验开展、分析数据、论文撰写及修改文章; 曾梦楠、郭彭莉、张宇涵、张梓玉、罗梦蝶参与实验设计、相关病理检测; 余渊负责资金获取、方法论、监督; 郑晓珂负责指导实验方案、文章的审阅和修改。

Therapeutic effect and mechanism of Zhisou Huatan Wan on rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease of phlegm-heat obstructing the lung type
Yan-xing WU1, 2, Meng-nan ZENG1, 2, Peng-li GUO1, 2, Yu-han ZHANG1, 2, Yuan YU3, Zi-yu ZHANG1, 2, Meng-die LUO1, 2, Xiao-ke ZHENG1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
  • 2The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, China
  • 3Guizhou Dechangxiang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Guiyang 550001, China
出版时间: 2026-05-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-1201
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本研究旨在探究止嗽化痰丸对痰热阻肺型慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD)大鼠的治疗作用及其作用机制。动物实验经河南中医药大学实验动物伦理委员会批准(批准号: IACUC-202506002)。将60只雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、阳性药红霉素组(100 mg·kg-1)、止嗽化痰丸低(206.55 mg·kg-1)、中(413.1 mg·kg-1)、高(826.2 mg·kg-1)剂量组, 采用烟熏联合气管滴注脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide, LPS, 1 mg·kg-1)及冷空气刺激的方法构建痰热阻肺型COPD大鼠模型。检测各组大鼠肺功能、咳嗽次数、气管酚红排泌量、肺组织水肿程度、动脉血氧分压(arterial partial pressure of oxygen, PaO2)、动脉血二氧化碳分压(arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide, PaCO2); H & E、Masson、PAS染色检测肺组织病变; 流式细胞术检测大鼠肺组织凋亡、氧化应激、线粒体膜电位及外周血免疫细胞水平; 转录组学筛选核心靶点和信号通路; 酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血清、肺组织中白介素17A (interleukin 17A, IL-17A)、CC趋化因子配体7 (C-C chemokine ligand 7, CCL7)、C-C基序趋化因子配体20 (C-C motif chemokine ligand 20, CCL20)的含量; qRT-PCR法检测肺组织中IL-17A、CCL7、CCL20 mRNA水平; 蛋白印记法检测IL-17A蛋白水平。结果显示, 止嗽化痰丸显著提高痰热阻肺型COPD大鼠肺功能、血氧分压、肺组织线粒体膜电位及外周血Treg细胞水平, 促进气管酚红排泌, 减轻肺部病理损伤, 降低咳嗽次数、二氧化碳分压、肺组织干湿比、总含水量、肺系数、肺组织凋亡、氧化应激及外周血中性粒细胞、Th17细胞水平, 降低血清、肺组织中IL-17A、CCL7、CCL20水平, 在肺组织中mRNA表达水平及肺组织中IL-17A蛋白水平。转录组分析发现78个差异基因, 主要富集于IL-17信号通路、趋化因子及细胞因子-受体相互作用。结果表明, 止嗽化痰丸对痰热阻肺型COPD大鼠有明显的改善作用, 其作用机制可能与IL-17信号通路有关。

止嗽化痰丸  /  慢性阻塞性肺疾病  /  痰热阻肺  /  IL-17信号通路  /  辅助性T细胞17

This study aims to explore the therapeutic effect and mechanism of action of Zhisou Huatan Wan on rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) of phlegm-heat obstructing the lungs. Animal experiments were approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Henan University of Chinese Medicine (approval number: IACUC-202506002). Sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into six groups: control group, model group, erythromycin group (100 mg·kg-1), and low-dose (206.55 mg·kg-1), medium-dose (413.1 mg·kg-1), and high-dose Zhisou Huatan Wan (826.2 mg·kg-1) group. The rats were constructed with COPD of phlegm-heat obstructing the lungs by using smoke inhalation combined with intratracheal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 mg·kg-1) and cold air stimulation. The lung function, cough frequency, tracheal phenol red excretion, the degree of pulmonary tissue edema, arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) of each group of rats were detected. H & E, Masson, and PAS staining were used to detect lung tissue lesions. The levels of apoptosis, oxidative stress and mitochondrial membrane potential in lung tissue, and peripheral blood immune cells (neutrophils, Treg cells, Th17 cells) were detected by flow cytometry. Transcriptomics analysis was used to screen core targets and signaling pathways. ELISA was applied to measure the levels of interleukin 17A (IL-17A), C-C chemokine ligand 7 (CCL7) and C-C motif chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20) in serum and lung tissue. qRT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA levels of IL-17A, CCL7 and CCL20 in lung tissue. IL-17A protein level was detected by Western blot. The results showed that Zhisou Huatan Wan significantly improved lung function, increased the level of blood oxygen partial pressure, mitochondrial membrane potential in lung tissue, and Treg cells in peripheral blood, promoted tracheal phenol red secretion, alleviated pathological lung injury, and reduced cough frequency, carbon dioxide partial pressure, the degree of pulmonary tissue edema, apoptosis and oxidative stress levels in lung tissue, as well as the levels of neutrophils and Th17 cells in peripheral blood. Zhisou Huatan Wan reduced the content of IL-17A, CCL7 and CCL20 in serum and lung tissue, and the corresponding mRNA levels in lung tissue, as well as the expression level of IL-17A in lung tissue. Transcriptomic analysis identified 78 differentially expressed genes, and primarily enriched in IL-17 signaling pathway, the chemokine signaling pathway and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. The results showed that Zhisou Huatan Wan had a significant improvement effect on COPD rats of phlegm-heat obstructing the lungs, and its mechanism may be related to the IL-17 signaling pathway.

Zhisou Huatan Wan  /  chronic obstructive pulmonary disease  /  phlegm-heat obstructing the lungs  /  IL-17 signaling pathway  /  T helper cell 17
吴妍杏, 曾梦楠, 郭彭莉, 张宇涵, 余渊, 张梓玉, 罗梦蝶, 郑晓珂. 止嗽化痰丸对痰热阻肺型慢性阻塞性肺疾病大鼠的治疗作用及机制研究. 药学学报, 2026 , 61 (5) : 1663 -1674 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-1201
Yan-xing WU, Meng-nan ZENG, Peng-li GUO, Yu-han ZHANG, Yuan YU, Zi-yu ZHANG, Meng-die LUO, Xiao-ke ZHENG. Therapeutic effect and mechanism of Zhisou Huatan Wan on rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease of phlegm-heat obstructing the lung type[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2026 , 61 (5) : 1663 -1674 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-1201
慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD)是一种由有害颗粒或气体导致肺泡及气道结构异常的临床常见呼吸系统疾病, 以持续性气流受限为特征, 且发病率较高[1-3]。在COPD急性期, 中医诊疗共识确认其核心症状主要包括咳嗽、喘息、咳痰及胸闷等, 基于症状的贴近度分析, 临床上常见的证候类型可归纳为气虚痰阻、痰热蕴肺和痰瘀阳虚等[4]。COPD主要表现为咳、痰、喘, 在中医学上属“肺胀”范畴, 其病情加重多由于“痰热阻肺”, 常见咳嗽、咳痰, 痰多色黄, 治疗痰热阻肺型COPD时应以痰热为其辨证核心, 以清热、化痰、止咳为原则[2]。大环内酯类药物治疗(如阿奇霉素、红霉素)已被多项临床研究证实可减少COPD急性加重[5]。香烟烟雾(cigarette smoke, CS)暴露和空气污染物长期刺激是COPD的主要危险因素, 而寒冷刺激可导致COPD患者的病情加重[6]。随着我国吸烟人数增加和空气污染加剧, COPD发病率持续上升[7]。COPD若控制不佳, 易发展为COPD急性加重期, 以肺气肿、阻塞性支气管炎和黏液分泌过多为主要病理特征, 严重危及患者的生命安全[8, 9]。本研究采用烟熏联合气管滴注脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide, LPS)及冷空气刺激的方法构建痰热阻肺型COPD大鼠模型[10, 11]。
止嗽化痰丸由罂粟壳、桔梗、知母、前胡、陈皮、大黄(制)、炙甘草、川贝母、石膏、苦杏仁、紫苏叶、葶苈子、款冬花(制)、百部(制)、玄参、麦冬、密蒙花、天冬、五味子(制)、枳壳(炒)、瓜蒌子、半夏(姜制)、木香、马兜铃(制)、桑叶等25味中药组成, 收载于2020年版中国药典第一部, 具有清肺化痰、止嗽定喘的功效, 用于痰热阻肺、久嗽、咯血、痰喘气逆、喘息不眠等症[12]。现代药理研究表明, 止嗽化痰丸具有止咳、化痰等作用, 临床上常用于治疗痰热内盛所致咳嗽, 其适用症与痰热阻肺型COPD临床症状吻合[13, 14]。然而, 关于止嗽化痰丸对痰热阻肺型COPD现代药理研究及机制尚不深入。因此, 本研究构建痰热阻肺型COPD大鼠模型, 选择红霉素作为阳性药, 联合转录组学技术探究止嗽化痰丸对痰热阻肺型COPD大鼠的药理作用及作用机制, 为临床安全、合理用药提供实验依据。
实验动物  SPF级雄性SD大鼠60只, 6~8周龄, 体重200~220 g, 购自北京华阜康生物科技股份有限公司, 许可证号: SCXK(京)2024-0003。饲养温度18~22 ℃, 相对湿度40%~60%。严格遵守动物饲养标准进行饲养, 饲养期间自由饮食、饮水。动物实验经河南中医药大学实验动物伦理委员会批准(批准号: IACUC-202506002)。
药物与试剂  止嗽化痰丸由贵州德昌祥医药股份有限公司提供, 批号: 15424010; 红霉素、苯酚红购自上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司, 货号分别为: C17234736、C17375142; LPS购自美国Simga公司, 货号: L2880-100MG; 红旗渠香烟购自河南中烟工业有限责任公司(焦油量: 10 mg, 烟气烟碱量: 0.8 mg, 烟气一氧化氮量: 12 mg); 线粒体膜电位检测试剂盒(JC-1)、总RNA提取试剂盒、BCA蛋白浓度测定试剂盒、活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS)检测试剂盒购自北京索莱宝科技有限公司, 货号分别为: M8650、R1200、PC0020、CA1410; 凋亡试剂盒购自美国BD Biosciences公司, 货号: 559763; RIPA裂解液(强)、PMSF (100 mmol·L-1)购自碧云天生物科技有限公司, 货号分别为: P0013B、ST506; 15% PAGE彩色(红色)凝胶超快速配制试剂盒、cDNA反转录试剂盒、2×Universal Blue SYBR Green qPCR Master Mix购自武汉赛维尔生物科技有限公司, 货号分别为: G2045、G3330、G3326; 流式抗体CD4、白介素17A (interleukin 17A, IL-17A)、CD25、Foxp3、CD3、CD11b/c、LY-6G购自美国Invitrogen公司, 货号分别为: 11-0041-82、45-7177-82、12-0390-82、17-5773-82、46-0030-82、46-0110-80、11-5931-82; IL-17A、CC趋化因子配体7 (C-C chemokine ligand 7, CCL7)、C-C基序趋化因子配体20 (C-C motif chemokine ligand 20, CCL20)ELISA试剂盒购自江苏酶免生物科技有限公司, 货号分别为: MM-0101R1、MM-70049R1、MM-71817R1; IL-17A抗体、β-actin抗体购自武汉爱博泰克生物科技有限公司, 货号分别为: A0688、AC026; 兔源荧光二抗购自美国LI-COR Biosciences公司, 货号: 926-68071。
仪器  Bio-Tek多功能酶标仪(美国伯腾仪器有限公司); 数字切片扫描与应用系统(麦克奥迪实业集团有限公司); DSI Buxco®全身体积描记检测系统(美国Data Sciences International公司); BD FACS Aria Ⅲ流式细胞仪(美国BD Biosciences公司); ABL90 FLEX血气分析仪(雷杜米特医疗设备有限公司); 402A1型超声雾化器(江苏鱼跃医疗设备股份有限公司); QuantStudioTM5实时荧光定量PCR系统(美国Thermo Fisher公司); 1658001型电泳仪、DYY-7C型半干转膜仪购自美国Bio-Rad Laboratories公司; Odyssey CLx双色红外荧光成像系统(美国LI-COR Biosciences公司)。
模型构建与分组  适应性喂养7天后, 随机抽取10只大鼠作为正常组(CON), 其余大鼠分别在第1、14和26天气管滴注LPS 1 mg·kg-1。在大鼠麻醉后, 于胸骨上方约1 cm处进行气管切开术, 向大鼠气管内注入LPS, 术后在伤口处涂抹碘伏和红霉素。采用自制烟熏箱烟熏(体积为50 cm×60 cm×90 cm), 每天烟熏1次, 每次10支香烟烟熏2 h, 中间换气15 min, 气管滴注当天不进行烟熏。烟熏结束后, 立刻用5 ℃冷空气刺激1 h, 每天1次, 造模28天结束。以大鼠出现咳嗽、大便臭秽、毛发枯黄等病态, 且肺功能如通气量(minute ventilation, Mv)、最大吸气流速(peak inspiratory flow, PIF)、最大呼气流速(peak expiratory flow, PEF)显著降低, 判定痰热阻肺型COPD大鼠模型制备成功[15, 16]。
将造模成功的大鼠随机分为模型组(M)、阳性药红霉素组(HMS, 100 mg·kg-1)、止嗽化痰丸低剂量组(ZSHTW-L, 206.55 mg·kg-1)、止嗽化痰丸中剂量组(ZSHTW-M, 413.1 mg·kg-1)、止嗽化痰丸高剂量组(ZSHTW-H, 826.2 mg·kg-1)。止嗽化痰丸说明书规定人用剂量为1次15丸, 每天1次, 每丸重0.153 g。止嗽化痰丸剂量设置按照人用每天剂量2.295 g, 根据人和大鼠体表面积系数折算, 大鼠临床等效剂量为207 mg·kg-1, 分别以1倍、2倍和4倍量设为低、中、高剂量给药[17, 18], 即206.55、413.1、826.2 mg·kg-1。CON组和M组均给予同体积的蒸馏水灌胃, 药物组灌胃相应药物, 1次/天, 连续14天。
一般状态观察  实验期间观察大鼠一般情况, 包括毛发色泽、精神状态、饮水进食、活动情况及对外部刺激的反应。
肺功能检测  采用WBP全身无标记体积扫描系统对各组大鼠的肺功能进行检测, 打开Fine Pointe TM WBP系统, 校准后将大鼠依次置于体积描记腔中, 平衡5 min后, 连续记录3 min Mv、PIF、PEF。
咳嗽次数检测  末次给药完成后, 取大鼠放于多功能诱咳引喘仪内, 以25%~28%氨水喷雾引咳15 s取出, 以大鼠出现腹肌收缩、张嘴、咳嗽为标准, 观察大鼠2 min内的咳嗽次数。
酚红排泌量检测  用电子分析天平准确称取苯酚红1 mg, 用PBS和少量50 mg·mL-1 NaHCO3溶液溶解后转移至50 mL量瓶内, 用PBS定容, 制成苯酚红10 mg·mL-1的标准品溶液。精密吸取上述苯酚红溶液, 加PBS将其倍比稀释成不同浓度梯度, 用PBS调零, 用酶标仪在546 nm处检测吸光度值, 绘制标准曲线。
末次给药30 min后, 通过腹腔注射给予大鼠5%酚红生理盐水溶液0.3 mL/100 g, 30 min后, 大鼠进行安乐死, 剥离气管并将气管周围的组织和血液处理干净。每只大鼠均剪取相同位置和长度的气管, 并放在盛有2 mL 5%的NaHCO3溶液EP管中震荡30 min, 取上清液200 μL, 酶标仪检测546 nm处吸光度, 根据标准曲线, 计算大鼠排泌酚红量。
血气分析检测  将新鲜血液置于血气分析仪中, 检测各组大鼠动脉血氧分压(arterial partial pressure of oxygen, PaO2)、动脉血二氧化碳分压(arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide, PaCO2)的水平。
肺水肿程度检测  取大鼠肺组织, 生理盐水冲洗干净, 滤纸吸干水分并称重。取左上肺组织进行肺水肿程度评估, 测定湿重后, 将肺组织置于干净干燥的EP管中, 置烘箱65 ℃烘干, 24 h后测定干重。按照如下公式进行计算: 干湿比=肺湿重/干重; 肺总含水量= (湿重-干重)/湿重; 肺系数=全肺湿重/体重。
组织病理学检测  取肺组织, 进行脱水、浸蜡、包埋等制作石蜡切片, 将切片经过脱蜡后分别进行H & E、Masson及PAS染色。按照Smith肺损伤评分标准进行H & E评分[19]。根据肺组织纤维化程度将其划分为0~3级, 其中0级为无纤维化, 1级为轻度纤维化, 2级为中度纤维化, 3级为重度纤维化。PAS阳性面积评分标准: 气道上皮无阳性着色者0分; 着色面积≤ 25%者1分; 着色面积 > 25%且≤ 50%者2分; 着色面积 > 50%且≤ 75%者3分; 着色成团、层叠, 面积 > 75%者4分。
流式细胞术  取适量肺组织于1.5 mL离心管中剪碎, 加入1 mL胰酶消化至细胞呈黏液状, 血清终止消化。过滤, 收集滤液, 1 500 r·min-1离心5 min。弃上清即得原代肺细胞。按照AnnexinV-PE/7-AAD凋亡、ROS及线粒体膜电位检测试剂盒说明书进行染色并使用流式细胞仪进行检测。
各组随机取3只大鼠外周血于流式管中, 分别用LY-6G和CD11b/c抗体标记中性粒细胞, CD3、CD4、IL-17A抗体标记Th17细胞, CD4、CD25、Foxp3抗体标记Treg细胞, 经孵育、裂解红细胞, 洗涤后上机检测。
转录组测序  取CON、M及ZSHTW-M组置于预冷RNase-free冻存管中, 每组设置3个重复样本, 将样本送至杭州联川生物技术股份有限公司进行转录组测序分析, 使用联川生物云平台(www.omicstudio.cn)进行结果分析。
酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法检测大鼠肺组织、血清中IL-17A、CCL7、CCL20水平  大鼠经腹主动脉采血, 3 000 r·min-1离心20 min, 取上清, 获得血清样本; 取适量肺组织, 加入组织重量9倍的PBS, 用高速低温组织研磨仪研磨, 将匀浆后的样本5 000 ×g离心10 min, 取上清得肺组织匀浆。按照试剂盒说明检测肺组织、血清中IL-17A、CCL7、CCL20水平。
实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测肺组织相关mRNA水平  选取大鼠干净肺组织, 使用总RNA提取试剂盒提取肺组织RNA, 按逆转录试剂盒说明书配制逆转录反应体系, 将逆转录得到的cDNA依据SYBR Green试剂盒说明书加入相关引物及SYBR Green预混液配制qRT-PCR反应体系进行扩增, 分析大鼠肺组织中IL-17A、CCL7、CCL20 mRNA表达水平, 通过2-ΔΔCt法计算mRNA的相对表达量。引物均由武汉赛维尔生物科技有限公司合成(表1)。
Western blot法检测肺组织IL-17A蛋白表达水平  称取各组大鼠肺组织约100 mg, 按照1∶10的比例加入含有PMSF的蛋白裂解液, 在冰上充分研磨, 12 000 ×g离心5 min, 得到蛋白溶液, 采用BCA法对蛋白进行定量。按相同的上样量进行上样操作, 电泳后转至PVDF膜, 室温下封闭1.5 h。加入IL-17A (1∶500)、β-actin (1∶50 000)抗体, 4 ℃孵育过夜; 加入相应的二抗, 室温孵育1 h。采用Odyssey双色近红外成像系统进行扫描分析。
统计学分析  用SPSS 26.0软件进行数据分析, 数据以平均值±标准差(x ± s)表示, 利用单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA)进行组间比较, P < 0.05表示差异有统计学意义。
CON组大鼠精神状态良好, 反应灵敏, 毛发浓密光滑, 呼吸平稳; M组大鼠蜷缩少动, 毛色干枯发黄, 出现明显的咳嗽声。给药后, 各组大鼠的一般状态较M组有所改善, 咳嗽症状减轻, 其中止嗽化痰丸中剂量组改善效果最为显著。
与CON组相比, M组大鼠的Mv、PIF及PEF值均显著降低(P < 0.01); 与M组相比, 各组大鼠的Mv、PIF及PEF值显著升高(P < 0.01), 表明止嗽化痰丸能显著改善痰热阻肺型COPD大鼠的肺功能, 其中止嗽化痰丸中剂量组的改善效果与阳性药红霉素组相当(图1)。
与CON组相比, M组大鼠咳嗽次数明显增多(P < 0.01), 酚红排泌量显著升高(P < 0.01); 与M组相比, HMS、ZSHTW-L、ZSHTW-M、ZSHTW-H组咳嗽次数显著减少(P < 0.01), 酚红排泌量显著降低(P < 0.05或P < 0.01), 且止嗽化痰丸中剂量组改善效果最佳, 与阳性药红霉素组相当(图2)。
与CON组比较, M组大鼠PaCO2显著升高(P < 0.01), PaO2显著降低(P < 0.01), 给药后, HMS组及ZSHTW-L、ZSHTW-M、ZSHTW-H组PaCO2显著降低(P < 0.05或P < 0.01), PaO2均显著升高(P < 0.05或P < 0.01), 且止嗽化痰丸中剂量组的干预效果与阳性药红霉素组疗效相近(图3)。
与CON组相比, M组大鼠肺干湿比、肺总含水量和肺系数等相关指标均升高(P < 0.05或P < 0.01), 形成了肺水肿; 给药后, HMS组、ZSHTW-L、ZSHTW-M、ZSHTW-H组的肺湿干重比、肺总含水量与肺系数均显著下降(P < 0.05或P < 0.01)。其中, 止嗽化痰丸高剂量组改善效果优于止嗽化痰丸低剂量和中剂量组(图4)。
染色结果显示, CON组大鼠肺泡结构较为完整, 无或仅有少量炎性细胞浸润, 未见明显胶原纤维沉积, 气道内无明显黏液分泌; 与CON组大鼠相比, M组大鼠肺泡结构破坏严重, 肺泡增大, 肺泡壁变薄, 同时有大量炎性细胞浸润(P < 0.01), 胶原纤维沉积、气道内黏液分泌显著增多(P < 0.01); 与M组相比, 给药后, 各组大鼠肺组织肺泡结构破坏减少, 炎性细胞浸润、胶原纤维沉积、黏液分泌显著减少(P < 0.05或P < 0.01), 表明止嗽化痰丸对痰热阻肺型COPD大鼠肺组织病理变化有显著的改善作用, 其中止嗽化痰丸中剂量组的疗效最佳(图5)。
与CON组大鼠相比, M组大鼠原代肺细胞凋亡和ROS水平显著升高(P < 0.01), 线粒体膜电位水平显著降低(P < 0.01); HMS、ZSHTW-L、ZSHTW-M、ZSHTW-H组的凋亡和ROS水平均显著下降(P < 0.01), ZSHTW-M组线粒体膜电位水平显著升高(P < 0.05), ZSHTW-L、ZSHTW-H组线粒体膜电位水平升高但无统计学意义。结果显示, 止嗽化痰丸中剂量组的疗效较好, 且与阳性药红霉素组相近(图6)。
与CON组相比, M组大鼠外周血中的中性粒细胞、Th17细胞水平显著升高(P < 0.01), Treg细胞水平显著降低(P < 0.01); 与M组相比, HMS、ZSHTW-L、ZSHTW-M、ZSHTW-H组均可显著降低中性粒细胞水平(P < 0.01)、Th17细胞水平(P < 0.05或P < 0.01), 提升Treg细胞水平(P < 0.05或P < 0.01), ZSHTW-H组有升高趋势但无统计学显著性。以上结果表明, 止嗽化痰丸可有效调节痰热阻肺型COPD大鼠外周血中的免疫细胞水平, 其中止嗽化痰丸中剂量组的效果最佳(图7)。
为进一步探索止嗽化痰丸治疗痰热阻肺型COPD大鼠的潜在作用机制, 本研究收集CON、M及对痰热阻肺型COPD大鼠改善效果较好的ZSHTW-M组的肺组织进行转录组测序。结果如图8所示, 与CON组相比, M组共有221个差异表达基因, 其中171个基因上调、50个基因下调; 与M组相比, ZSHTW-M组共得到73个差异表达基因, 其中26个基因上调、47个基因下调。韦恩图表示组间差异基因分布状况及交集情况。KEGG富集分析结果显示, 趋化因子信号通路(chemokine signaling pathway)、细胞因子-细胞因子受体相互作用(cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction)、IL-17信号通路(IL-17 signaling pathway)等通路可能是止嗽化痰丸改善痰热阻肺型COPD大鼠的潜在作用机制。结果表明, 止嗽化痰丸可能是通过调控上述信号通路改善痰热阻肺型COPD大鼠的肺部炎症, 本研究后续选取IL-17信号通路进行验证。
基于转录组分析结果, 选取与IL-17信号通路相关的差异基因CCL7、CCL20进行验证。如图9所示, 与CON组相比, M组大鼠血清和肺组织中IL-17A、CCL7、CCL20水平显著升高(P < 0.01), 肺组织中相应基因mRNA水平显著上调(P < 0.05或P < 0.01), 同时肺组织中IL-17A蛋白表达显著增强(P < 0.05); 在药物干预后, 与M组相比, HMS、ZSHTW-L、ZSHTW-M、ZSHTW-H组均可显著降低血清和肺组织中IL-17A、CCL7、CCL20水平及在肺组织中mRNA的表达水平(P < 0.05或P < 0.01), 同时显著降低肺组织中IL-17A蛋白表达水平(P < 0.05或P < 0.01), 其中, 止嗽化痰丸中剂量组的改善效果较好。这进一步表明, 止嗽化痰丸对痰热阻肺型COPD大鼠的改善是通过IL-17信号通路发挥作用的。
随着吸烟人数的增多、环境污染的加重及各种病毒的侵袭, COPD的发病率逐年增加, 目前已成为常见死因, 给社会带来沉重的经济负担[20]。长期接触CS会导致肺组织持续炎症和不可逆转的损伤, LPS是革兰阴性菌细胞壁中的主要促炎成分, CS和LPS暴露被认为是COPD最主要的危险因素[21-24]。此外, LPS还会引发急性炎症反应, 导致各种肺部疾病的发生和进展。同时, 基于中医“形寒饮冷则伤肺”理论[25], 本研究采用烟熏联合气管滴注LPS及冷空气刺激的方法构建痰热阻肺型COPD大鼠模型, 给予不同剂量的止嗽化痰丸干预。模型组大鼠的PEF、PIF及Mv均显著降低, 表现出明显的的肺功能下降, 而PaCO2升高、PaO2降低, 提示气体交换功能受损, 表明可能存在明显的气流受限和通气功能障碍; 肺组织病理结果显示, 肺泡结构破坏严重, 炎性细胞浸润、黏液分泌增加以及胶原纤维沉积等现象, 与临床上COPD患者气道重塑和黏液高分泌的病理特征一致[26]。同时, M组大鼠咳嗽次数、酚红排泌量明显增加, 进一步提示符合咳嗽、气道黏液高分泌的特征。本研究发现, 止嗽化痰丸可显著改善痰热阻肺型COPD大鼠的肺功能, 降低咳嗽次数及气管酚红排泌, 减轻肺组织炎症细胞浸润、胶原纤维沉积及黏液分泌, 对痰热阻肺型COPD起到一定程度的干预作用。
氧化应激与COPD的发生和发展有着密切的关系, 可能是导致COPD患者肺功能减退的主要原因, 也可能导致组织损伤、疾病和衰老[27]。线粒体功能障碍可能导致ROS增加和抗氧化防御系统破坏, 加剧氧化应激[28]。CS可导致肺内ROS大量生成, 诱发氧化应激[29]。肺组织细胞过度凋亡可导致肺组织进行性破坏、肺泡弥散功能下降和肺气肿形成[30]。本研究通过流式细胞术检测痰热阻肺型COPD大鼠肺组织细胞凋亡、ROS、JC-1水平, 结果发现, 止嗽化痰丸干预后明显改善了痰热阻肺型COPD大鼠肺组织细胞凋亡、ROS、JC-1水平, 表明止嗽化痰丸可能通过减轻肺组织细胞凋亡、氧化应激水平和线粒体功能障碍发挥对痰热阻肺型COPD大鼠的改善作用。止嗽化痰丸给药后早期凋亡增加, 推测在痰热阻肺型COPD模型大鼠中, 由于CS和LPS的刺激, 肺组织中存在大量功能丧失但尚未死亡的细胞, 这些细胞可能会加剧周围组织的炎症, 而用药后早期凋亡增加, 可能是清除无法恢复正常的组织细胞并为组织再生启动创造条件[31]。
Treg细胞可释放细胞因子抑制炎症反应, 维持机体免疫系统稳定, IL-17A作为Th17细胞分泌的关键促炎因子, 在COPD的发病机制中扮演着重要角色[32]。IL-17A能够诱导气道上皮细胞等产生多种趋化因子, 从而使中性粒细胞聚集, 导致持续的炎症细胞浸润[33-35]。持续存在的炎症反应可诱发机体出现氧化应激反应, 产生大量的ROS进一步损伤气道黏膜, 加剧气流受限, 增加炎症分泌物排出难度[36]。本研究结果表明, 止嗽化痰丸显著促进痰热阻肺型COPD大鼠Treg细胞水平升高, 抑制Th17细胞分化及中性粒细胞浸润。此外, KEGG富集分析结果显示, IL-17信号通路是关键通路之一, 转录组学差异基因富集结果显示, 趋化因子CCL7与CCL20均显著富集于IL-17信号通路, 提示二者可能是IL-17A下游的关键效应分子, 共同参与COPD的炎症反应与疾病进展。研究表明, IL-17A缺乏可能导致CCL7和其受体CCR3的mRNA和蛋白质水平降低, 而IL-17A还能诱导CCL20的产生[37, 38]。本研究通过ELISA、qRT-PCR技术检测IL-17A及该通路下游关键趋化因子CCL7和CCL20水平, 并通过WB技术验证了IL-17A的表达变化, 发现止嗽化痰丸可显著降低痰热阻肺大鼠的IL-17A、CCL7和CCL20水平。结果显示, 止嗽化痰丸可能通过降低Th17细胞水平, 抑制IL-17A分泌, 进而降低CCL7与CCL20水平, 缓解气道炎症。
止嗽化痰丸中剂量在整体药效上效果最佳, 但并非所有指标都呈现剂量依赖性, 如在降低咳嗽次数、H & E、PAS病理评分、氧化应激水平、Th17细胞水平、改善血气分析相关指标等方面; 在作用机制指标上, 中剂量组却未呈现最强的调控作用。止嗽化痰丸由25味中药相互配伍组成, 其疗效是多种活性成分共同作用的结果; 同时COPD的病理机制复杂, 涉及炎症、氧化应激、细胞凋亡、免疫失衡等多个环节, 因此存在量效关系不一致的现象。止嗽化痰丸的多种有效成分共同发挥作用, 药理作用的机制复杂, 且这些成分之间存在着复杂的量效关系, 因此量效关系的确立仍需进一步解析和诠释。
综上所述, 止嗽化痰丸通过改善痰热阻肺型COPD大鼠肺功能及肺组织病理损伤, 减轻肺组织细胞凋亡、氧化应激失衡, 抑制炎症反应, 从而缓解COPD进程, 其作用机制可能与IL-17信号通路有关。这为止嗽化痰丸的临床用药指导提供了理论支撑。

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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-1201
  • 接收时间:2025-10-11
  • 首发时间:2026-09-21
  • 出版时间:2026-05-12
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  • 收稿日期:2025-10-11
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    1河南中医药大学药学院, 河南 郑州 450046
    2河南省中药开发工程技术研究中心, 河南 郑州 450046
    3贵州德昌祥医药股份有限公司, 贵州 贵阳 550001

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