Article(id=1308842102654591118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308841897058198067, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-1154, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1758816000000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-26, revisedDate=1777392000000, revisedDateStr=2026-04-29, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789981874382, onlineDateStr=2026-09-21, pubDate=1783785600000, pubDateStr=2026-07-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789981874382, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789981874382, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789981874382, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1308841897058198067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2026', volume='61', issue='7', pageStart='2377', pageEnd='2820', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1783785600000', pubDateStr='2026-07-12', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789981825365, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789984154811, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1308851667525792021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308841897058198067, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1308851667525792022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308841897058198067, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2625, endPage=2631, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1308842102847529103, articleId=1308842102654591118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Pharmacokinetic behavior and metabolite analysis of anti-triple negative breast cancer candidate compound MT-1 in SD rats, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic behavior and metabolite analysis of a novel anti-triple negative breast cancer candidate compound MT-1 in SD rats. Rats were randomly divided into intragastric gavage group and tail vein injection group. Blood samples were collected at different time points after single dose of MT-1 administration. An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was established to determine the concentration of MT-1 in plasma with coumarin as the internal standard, and the methodology was verified. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by DAS 2.0 software, and the blood concentration-time curve was drawn by GraphPad Prism 10.1.2 software. At the same time, UPLC-Q-TOF/MSE combined with UNIFI software was used to analyze the metabolites of plasma samples. The results of pharmacokinetic analysis showed that the oral bioavailability of MT-1 was 11.26%, and the absorption was fast. The quantitative range of methodological investigation was 2-800 ng·mL-1, showing a good linear relationship. The matrix effect, extraction recovery, accuracy and stability all met the standards of biological analysis. Metabolite analysis speculated four potential metabolites, mainly involving methylation, cysteine and glucuronic acid binding. This study systematically revealed the pharmacokinetic characteristics and metabolic transformation of MT-1 in vivo, which provided an experimental basis for its further development and application in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer. This experiment was approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Guizhou Medical University. (approval No.: 2503423).

, authors=Hu YANG1, 2, Yun-fang JIANG3, Yao CHENG2, Yun-feng LI2, Rui CHEN2, *, Jing HUANG1, *, authorsList=Hu YANG, Yun-fang JIANG, Yao CHENG, Yun-feng LI, Rui CHEN, Jing HUANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Rui CHEN, Jing HUANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2026 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1308842103938048154, articleId=1308842102654591118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=抗三阴性乳腺癌候选化合物MT-1在SD大鼠体内的药代动力学行为及代谢物分析, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究旨在评估新型抗三阴性乳腺癌候选化合物MT-1在SD大鼠体内的药代动力学行为特征及代谢产物分析。将大鼠随机分为灌胃和尾静脉注射组, 进行MT-1的单剂量给药后于不同时间点采集血样; 建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS) 法, 以香豆素为内标测定血浆中MT-1的浓度, 并进行方法学验证, 利用DAS 2.0软件计算药代动力学参数, 以GraphPad Prism 10.1.2软件绘制血药浓度-时间曲线; 同时应用超高效液相色谱-飞行时间质谱法(UPLC-Q-TOF/MSE) 结合UNIFI软件分析血浆样本代谢物。药代动力学分析结果表明, MT-1口服生物利用度为11.26%, 吸收较快, 方法学考察定量范围为2~800 ng·mL-1, 呈现良好的线性关系, 基质效应、提取回收率、精准度和稳定性等均满足生物分析的标准; 代谢物分析推测出4个潜在的代谢产物, 主要涉及甲基化、半胱氨酸以及葡萄糖醛酸的结合。本研究系统揭示了MT-1的体内药代动力学特征和代谢转化, 为其进一步开发和应用于三阴性乳腺癌治疗提供了实验依据。本实验获得贵州医科大学实验动物伦理委员会批准(批准号: 2503423)。

, authors=杨虎1, 2, 姜云芳3, 程瑶2, 李云峰2, 陈瑞2, *, 黄静1, *, authorsList=杨虎, 姜云芳, 程瑶, 李云峰, 陈瑞, 黄静, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=陈瑞, 黄静, authorNote=

作者贡献:

杨虎、程瑶完成动物实验、数据收集、分析及文章撰写; 李云峰协助完成动物实验; 姜云芳、陈瑞设计实验并提供学术指导; 黄静协助指导实验并审核文章。

, correspAuthorsNote=
陈瑞, E-mail:
黄静, E-mail:
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Parameteriv (5 mg·kg-1)ig (20 mg·kg-1)
AUC0-24 h / mg·h·L-133.70 ± 4.48415.08 ± 1.090
AUC0-∞ / mg·h·L-133.93 ± 4.50315.29 ± 1.195
MRT0-30 h / h2.890 ± 0.070 004.950 ± 0.170 0
MRT0-∞ / h3.220 ± 0.090 005.420 ± 0.260 0
CLz / L·(h·kg)-10.149 0 ± 0.020 001.315 ± 0.103 0
Vd / L·kg-11.280 ± 0.230 011.68 ± 3.010
Cmax / mg·L-124.26 ± 3.0483.352 ± 0.329 0
t1/2 / h5.920 ± 0.770 06.280 ± 2.060
F /%-11.26
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Main pharmacokinetic parameters of compound MT-1. n = 5, $ \overline{x} $ ± s

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Parameteriv (5 mg·kg-1)ig (20 mg·kg-1)
AUC0-24 h / mg·h·L-133.70 ± 4.48415.08 ± 1.090
AUC0-∞ / mg·h·L-133.93 ± 4.50315.29 ± 1.195
MRT0-30 h / h2.890 ± 0.070 004.950 ± 0.170 0
MRT0-∞ / h3.220 ± 0.090 005.420 ± 0.260 0
CLz / L·(h·kg)-10.149 0 ± 0.020 001.315 ± 0.103 0
Vd / L·kg-11.280 ± 0.230 011.68 ± 3.010
Cmax / mg·L-124.26 ± 3.0483.352 ± 0.329 0
t1/2 / h5.920 ± 0.770 06.280 ± 2.060
F /%-11.26
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Metabolite[M+H]+tR/minFormulaMS/MS
MT-1357.123 74.73C22H16N2O3357.123 7; 147.043 4; 211.086 1
A385.117 74.42C23H16N2O4147.043 6; 211.085 9; 227.080 0; 267.067 8
B373.118 04.41C22H16N2O4147.043 6; 227.080 0; 267.067 8; 345.121 9
C533.155 24.07C28H24N2O9251.074 2; 339.117 3
D449.149 06.26C25H24N2O4S340.096 0; 128.950 2
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Mass spectrometry analysis of prototype drugs and their possible metabolites

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Metabolite[M+H]+tR/minFormulaMS/MS
MT-1357.123 74.73C22H16N2O3357.123 7; 147.043 4; 211.086 1
A385.117 74.42C23H16N2O4147.043 6; 211.085 9; 227.080 0; 267.067 8
B373.118 04.41C22H16N2O4147.043 6; 227.080 0; 267.067 8; 345.121 9
C533.155 24.07C28H24N2O9251.074 2; 339.117 3
D449.149 06.26C25H24N2O4S340.096 0; 128.950 2
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抗三阴性乳腺癌候选化合物MT-1在SD大鼠体内的药代动力学行为及代谢物分析
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杨虎 1, 2 , 姜云芳 3 , 程瑶 2 , 李云峰 2 , 陈瑞 2, * , 黄静 1, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2026,61(7): 2625-2631
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药学学报 |研究论文 2026 , 61 (7) : 2625 -2631
抗三阴性乳腺癌候选化合物MT-1在SD大鼠体内的药代动力学行为及代谢物分析
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杨虎1, 2, 姜云芳3, 程瑶2, 李云峰2, 陈瑞2, * , 黄静1, *
作者信息
  • 1贵州医科大学药学院, 贵州 贵阳 561113
  • 2贵州医科大学, 贵州省化学合成药物研发利用工程技术研究中心, 贵州 贵阳 561113
  • 3贵州医科大学医药卫生管理学院, 贵州 贵阳 561113
通讯作者:
陈瑞, E-mail:
黄静, E-mail:
作者简介:

作者贡献:

杨虎、程瑶完成动物实验、数据收集、分析及文章撰写; 李云峰协助完成动物实验; 姜云芳、陈瑞设计实验并提供学术指导; 黄静协助指导实验并审核文章。

Pharmacokinetic behavior and metabolite analysis of anti-triple negative breast cancer candidate compound MT-1 in SD rats
Hu YANG1, 2, Yun-fang JIANG3, Yao CHENG2, Yun-feng LI2, Rui CHEN2, * , Jing HUANG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China
  • 2Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R & D, Guiyang 561113, China
  • 3School of Medicine and Health Management, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China
出版时间: 2026-07-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-1154
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本研究旨在评估新型抗三阴性乳腺癌候选化合物MT-1在SD大鼠体内的药代动力学行为特征及代谢产物分析。将大鼠随机分为灌胃和尾静脉注射组, 进行MT-1的单剂量给药后于不同时间点采集血样; 建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS) 法, 以香豆素为内标测定血浆中MT-1的浓度, 并进行方法学验证, 利用DAS 2.0软件计算药代动力学参数, 以GraphPad Prism 10.1.2软件绘制血药浓度-时间曲线; 同时应用超高效液相色谱-飞行时间质谱法(UPLC-Q-TOF/MSE) 结合UNIFI软件分析血浆样本代谢物。药代动力学分析结果表明, MT-1口服生物利用度为11.26%, 吸收较快, 方法学考察定量范围为2~800 ng·mL-1, 呈现良好的线性关系, 基质效应、提取回收率、精准度和稳定性等均满足生物分析的标准; 代谢物分析推测出4个潜在的代谢产物, 主要涉及甲基化、半胱氨酸以及葡萄糖醛酸的结合。本研究系统揭示了MT-1的体内药代动力学特征和代谢转化, 为其进一步开发和应用于三阴性乳腺癌治疗提供了实验依据。本实验获得贵州医科大学实验动物伦理委员会批准(批准号: 2503423)。

三阴性乳腺癌  /  MT-1  /  药代动力学研究  /  UPLC-MS/MS  /  代谢产物

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic behavior and metabolite analysis of a novel anti-triple negative breast cancer candidate compound MT-1 in SD rats. Rats were randomly divided into intragastric gavage group and tail vein injection group. Blood samples were collected at different time points after single dose of MT-1 administration. An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was established to determine the concentration of MT-1 in plasma with coumarin as the internal standard, and the methodology was verified. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by DAS 2.0 software, and the blood concentration-time curve was drawn by GraphPad Prism 10.1.2 software. At the same time, UPLC-Q-TOF/MSE combined with UNIFI software was used to analyze the metabolites of plasma samples. The results of pharmacokinetic analysis showed that the oral bioavailability of MT-1 was 11.26%, and the absorption was fast. The quantitative range of methodological investigation was 2-800 ng·mL-1, showing a good linear relationship. The matrix effect, extraction recovery, accuracy and stability all met the standards of biological analysis. Metabolite analysis speculated four potential metabolites, mainly involving methylation, cysteine and glucuronic acid binding. This study systematically revealed the pharmacokinetic characteristics and metabolic transformation of MT-1 in vivo, which provided an experimental basis for its further development and application in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer. This experiment was approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Guizhou Medical University. (approval No.: 2503423).

triple negative breast cancer  /  MT-1  /  pharmacokinetic study  /  UPLC-MS/MS  /  metabolite
杨虎, 姜云芳, 程瑶, 李云峰, 陈瑞, 黄静. 抗三阴性乳腺癌候选化合物MT-1在SD大鼠体内的药代动力学行为及代谢物分析. 药学学报, 2026 , 61 (7) : 2625 -2631 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-1154
Hu YANG, Yun-fang JIANG, Yao CHENG, Yun-feng LI, Rui CHEN, Jing HUANG. Pharmacokinetic behavior and metabolite analysis of anti-triple negative breast cancer candidate compound MT-1 in SD rats[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2026 , 61 (7) : 2625 -2631 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-1154
在全球女性新发恶性肿瘤中, 乳腺癌的发病率位居第一[1]。其中, 三阴性乳腺癌(triple-negative breast cancer, TNBC) 因其独特的生物学特征与治疗困境备受关注。TNBC的临床定义基于三种关键生物标志物的缺失: 雌激素受体(estrogen receptor, ER)、孕激素受体(progesterone receptor, PR), 以及人表皮生长因子受体2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, HER2)[2]。因此, TNBC无法从内分泌治疗或HER2靶向治疗中获益, 现有治疗手段有限, 临床预后差。早期患者多接受蒽环类、环磷酰胺或紫杉醇等化疗, 但其高度侵袭性和异质性导致耐药及转移风险增加, 约30%~40%患者最终死于肿瘤转移[3]。因此, 开发新型抗TNBC药物具有临床意义。
哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mammalian target of rapamycin, mTOR) 是一种丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶, 参与调控细胞生长、增殖、代谢和存活, 在维持机体稳态中发挥重要作用[4-6]。已有研究表明, mTOR信号通路的异常激活与多种疾病的发生和发展密切相关, 尤其是TNBC的发生和进展中, 这一通路的异常激活起着促进作用[7], 因此, 靶向mTOR通路的抑制剂被认为是抑制TNBC生长和进展的潜在治疗方案[8]。
本课题组前期通过人工智能辅助药物设计(artificial intelligence drug design, AIDD) 和基于结构的药物设计(structure-based drug design, SBDD) 策略, 得到一个新型高效且能选择性抑制mTOR信号通路的化合物MT-1 (图1), 经体外激酶活性验证、相关分子动力学模拟实验, MT-1化学结构稳定, 对mTOR抑制的IC50值为1.5 μmol·L-1, 与其同系物一致具有良好的抗肿瘤活性和初步安全性[9, 10]。作为临床转化的核心要素, MT-1的体内药代动力学特征及代谢产物亟待阐明, 而这些信息是后续药效学研究与临床转化的关键前提。
建立一种快速、灵敏、可靠的分析方法是药代动力学研究的基础。超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS) 具有分离效率高、灵敏度高、选择性好等优点, 已成为生物样品中药物浓度测定的重要手段[11-13]。本研究旨在建立一种UPLC-MS/MS方法, 用于测定SD大鼠血浆中MT-1的浓度, 并利用该方法初步研究MT-1在大鼠体内的药代动力学特征, 同时对其代谢物进行分析推测, 为该化合物的成药性评价及临床用于治疗TNBC奠定基础。
仪器  UPLC-MS/MS液质联用仪(Agilent 1290, 美国安捷伦公司, AB Sciex Triple QuadTM 5500+); 配有UNIFI 7.0数据库Xevo G2-XS Q-TOF型超高效液相-四极杆串联飞行时间质谱仪(美国Waters公司); 冷冻高速离心机(香港基因有限公司, 型号1730R); TSpeedVacTMSPD1030浓缩仪(美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司); 十万分之一电子天平(上海菁海仪器有限公司型号, FA805N); Thermo Shaker R型恒温混匀仪(北京昊诺斯科技有限公司)。
试剂与药品  MT-1 (贵州医科大学药物化学重点实验室制备, 经核磁共振验证结构, HPLC测定纯度≥ 99.0%); 肝素钠(北京索莱宝科技有限公司, 批号: 1031R025); HPLC级甲醇和乙腈(德国Merck公司, 批号: I1130207103); 甲酸(美国Thermo Fisher Scientific, 色谱纯)。
实验动物  10只SD大鼠[SPF级, 购自长沙市天勤生物技术有限公司, 许可证号: SCXK (湘) 2019-0014], 随机分为两组, 在标准条件下饲养体重至220 ± 20 g, 适应性喂养1周开始实验, 给药前禁食12 h, 自由饮水。本实验获得贵州医科大学实验动物伦理委员会批准(批准号: 2503423)。
给药方案  精密称取MT-1 6.0 mg, 加入N, N-二甲基乙酰胺-PEG400-0.9%氯化钠(2∶4∶1) 比例溶液溶解, 配制成2 mg·mL-1 MT-1注射溶液, 待用。大鼠禁食12 h (期间饮水自由), 按5 mg·kg-1尾静脉注射MT-1注射溶液, 分别于给药0、0.05、0.25、0.5、1、2、4、8、12、16、24、30 h后断尾取血约0.20 mL于加有1%肝素钠溶液且预冷的EP (Eppendorf) 管中; 灌胃药物以同等比例上述溶剂溶解MT-1, 配制成6 mg·mL-1 MT-1灌胃溶液, 按20 mg·kg-1的剂量给予MT-1灌胃溶液后于0、0.25、0.5、0.75、1、2、4、6、8、12、16、24、30 h时间点同样断尾取血约0.20 mL于提前预冷的1%肝素钠EP管中, 在4 ℃、1 178 ×g离心10 min, 取上层血浆, 冻存于-80 ℃冰箱中, 待测。
血浆样品及代谢样品处理 取100 μL血浆样品, 加入甲醇600 μL, 涡旋混匀10 min, 在4 ℃、16 261 ×g下离心10 min。将上层甲醇层转移至新的离心管中, 以浓缩仪浓缩后, 残渣加入100 μL甲醇溶解, 在4 ℃、16 261 ×g离心10 min, 取上层清液进行检测分析; 精密取300 μL代谢样品, 加入1 mL甲醇涡旋混匀10 min, 在16 261 ×g下离心10 min。将上层甲醇层转移至新的离心管中, 浓缩仪浓缩后, 残渣加入300 μL甲醇溶解, 在4 ℃、16 261 ×g离心10 min, 取上层清液进行检测分析。
含量测定检测条件
色谱条件  采用Agilent XBridge Aq C18色谱柱(50 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) 进行梯度洗脱。流动相为0.01%甲酸水(A)-乙腈(B); 梯度洗脱条件如下: 0~0.5 min, 10% B; 0.5~1.5 min, 60% B; 1.5~2 min, 100% B; 2~4 min, 100% B; 4.01~5.99 min, 10% B。流速: 0.3 mL·min-1; 柱温: 35 ℃; 进样量: 5 μL。
质谱条件  采用电喷雾离子源, 正离子(ESI+) 扫描模式, 扫描方式为选择反应监测(MRM)。离子源条件: 温度为500 ℃; 离子化电压为5 500 V; 气帘气压35 psi (1 psi ≈ 6.9 kPa); 雾化电压50 psi: 辅助气压50 psi: 用于定量分析的离子对: MT-1, m/z 357.2→147.1; 香豆素, m/z 146.1→91.0。
方法学验证
专属性  取大鼠空白血浆200 μL, 按上述血浆样品处理方法处理得到空白血浆样品。精密量取MT-1对照品和内标香豆素1 mg·mL-1的贮备液, 甲醇稀释制成二者混合对照品溶液。另取大鼠空白血浆160 μL, 分别加入一定稀释浓度后的MT-1及内标溶液, 配制成药物浓度200 ng·mL-1的血浆样品处理后按液相及质谱条件进样分析。
标准曲线绘制和定量下限  取大鼠空白血浆, 加入1 mg·mL-1 MT-1对照品溶液, 制成质量浓度分别为2、5、10、50、100、200、400、800 ng·mL-1系列的标准血浆溶液样品后处理, 按液相及质谱条件进样分析, 记录峰面积。以对照品质量浓度为横坐标(x)、MT-1与内标的峰面积比值为纵坐标(y), 用加权最小二乘法计算回归方程。
精密度和准确度  取大鼠空白血浆100 μL, 加入上述MT-1对照品贮备液, 制成质量浓度分别为5、100、600 ng·mL-1 (低、中、高质量浓度) 的质控血浆样品。按上述血浆样品方法处理进样分析, 记录峰面积。各浓度连续进样6次考察日内精密度, 连续进样5 d考察日间精密度。将峰面积代入同批随行回归方程计算MT-1的质量浓度, 并与理论质量浓度相比, 计算准确度。
提取回收率和基质效应   按上述方法制备低、中、高质量浓度(5、100、600 ng·mL-1) 的质控血浆样品并进行处理后, 进样分析, 计算MT-1与内标峰面积比(A)。取空白血浆100 μL处理后, 加入相应质量浓度的MT-1对照品溶液和内标溶液, 使质量浓度与质控样品一致, 进样分析, 计算MT-1与内标峰面积比(B)。另制备MT-1对照品和内标化合物质量浓度与质控样品一致的标准溶液(不含血浆), 进样分析, 计算MT-1与内标峰面积比(C)。每个质量浓度样品平行制备3份。按如下公式计算提取回收率和基质效应: 提取回收率= A/C×100%, 基质效应= B/C×100%。
稀释可靠性  按上述方法制备低、中、高质量浓度(5、100、600 ng·mL-1) 质控血浆样品5、20、40倍的MT-1质控血浆样品, 分别以空白血浆进行稀释, 使3个质量浓度质控血浆样品的终质量浓度分别为5、100、600 ng·mL-1, 按上述血浆样品方法预处理后, 进样分析, 记录峰面积。每个稀释倍数下各质量浓度样品平行制备3份, 根据同批随行回归方程计算MT-1的质量浓度。
稳定性  按上述方法制备低、中、高质量浓度(5、100、600 ng·mL-1) 的质控血浆样品, 每个质量浓度样品平行制备3份, 分别于自动进样器放置12 h、室温(20 ℃) 下存放24 h、-20 ℃下存放30 d、-20 ℃和室温下反复冻融3次后, 按上述血浆样品方法预处理, 进样分析, 所有样品均按同批随行回归方程计算MT-1的质量浓度。
结果显示(图2), MT-1、内标的保留时间分别为3.06、3.45 min, MT-1色谱峰与内标峰分离良好, 互不干扰, 两峰在空白血浆色谱图中相同位置处没有内源性杂质峰干扰, 表明该方法专属性良好。
结果显示, MT-1在2~800 ng·mL-1浓度内线性良好, 定量下限为2.02 ± 0.05 ng·mL-1, 相关系数R2 = 0.999 2, 符合相关要求, 其标准曲线方程为y = 0.007 9x + 0.037 8。符合中国药典(2020年版四部“生物样品定量分析方法验证指导原则”) 的要求。
结果显示, 大鼠血浆中MT-1的精密度RSD均小于5% (n = 5), 准确度均小于10%, 符合中国药典(2020年版四部“生物样品定量分析方法验证指导原则”) 的要求。
结果显示, MT-1的提取回收率在93.31%~113.2%之间, 其中低浓度(5 ng·mL-1) 下较高, 但RSD均不高于10% (n = 5); 基质效应96.69%~102.80%之间, RSD均不高于5% (n = 5), 符合中国药典(2020年版四部“生物样品定量分析方法验证指导原则”) 的要求。
结果显示在不同稀释倍数下, 所有质量浓度质控血浆样品的RSD均不高于10% (n = 5), 符合中国药典(2020年版四部“生物样品定量分析方法验证指导原则”) 的要求。
结果显示, 各样品在上述方法不同条件下稳定性良好, RSD均不高于10% (n = 5), 符合中国药典(2020年版四部“生物样品定量分析方法验证指导原则”) 的要求。
通过灌胃(20 mg·kg-1) 与尾静脉注射(5 mg·kg-1) 给予MT-1后于不同时间点对SD大鼠尾部取血并对相应血浆样品进行处理, 测定样品中MT-1血药浓度, 将得到的数据用DAS.2.0软件进行主要药代动力学参数计算, 结果如表1所示, 以GraphPad Prism 10.1.2绘制平均血药浓度-时间曲线(图3)。
结合灌胃和尾静脉两个不同给药组的药代动力学参数, 对比分析, 评估其生物利用度, 测定结果显示, 将化合物MT-1通过灌胃给药后, 在1 h后SD大鼠血浆中的药物浓度达到了峰值, 半衰期较长为6.280 h, 说明药物代谢的速度较慢, 平均滞留时间为4.950 h, 血液中药物浓度低, 可能是药物在体内发生了代谢转化。综上表明, MT-1静脉注射给药后符合二室模型, 且符合一级动力学模型。
将灌胃和静脉两种不同给药方式给药后按对应时间点取的血样离心后, 分别合并处理进样分析。通过UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS分析收集到的血浆样本, 监测MT-1两种给药方式下代谢产物的变化, 结果表明, MT-1在大鼠血浆样品中检测到的色谱保留时间为4.73 min, 且m/z为357.123 7, 通过分析血浆样品的总离子流图(图4), 除原型化合物MT-1外, 还发现了4个可能的代谢产物, 其可能的SD大鼠体内代谢途径见图5, 此外, 这些化合物的电喷雾离子化(ESI) 质谱数据见表2。
代谢产物A的色谱保留时间为4.42 min, 准分子离子峰[M+H]+为m/z 385.117 7, 与原型药物相比, 分子质量增加了28 Da, 推测其为MT-1色烯环上苯环发生羟甲基化和脱氢的代谢产物。在二级全扫描质谱图中, 主要的碎片是断裂的是碳氮双键和苯并二氧戊环m/z 147.043 6, 因此推测代谢产物A为(E)-N-(2-氨基苯基)-6-(羟甲基)-2-(苯并[d][1, 3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)-4H-色烯-4-亚胺。
代谢产物B的色谱保留时间为4.41 min, 准分子离子峰[M+H]+为m/z 373.118 0, 与原型药物相比, 分子质量增加了16 Da, 推测其为MT-1伯氨基所在的苯环上羟基化的代谢产物。在二级全扫描质谱图中, 主要的碎片是断裂的是碳氮双键和苯并二氧戊环m/z 147.043 6, 因此推测代谢产物B为(E)-N-(2-氨基-3-羟基苯基)-2-(苯并[d][1, 3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)-4H-色烯-4-亚胺。
代谢产物C的色谱保留时间为4.07 min, 准分子离子峰[M+H]+为m/z 533.155 2, 与原型药物相比, 分子质量增加了176 Da, 推测其为MT-1苯环上伯氨基与葡萄糖醛酸缩合形成N-β-糖苷键的代谢产物。在二级全扫描质谱图中, 主要的碎片是断裂的是哌嗪环m/z 445.110 0, 因此推测代谢产物C为(2R, 3R, 4R, 5S, 6R)-6-({2-[(E)-2-(苯并[d][1, 3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)-4H-苯并吡喃-4-亚甲基]氨基}苯基)氨基氧基-3, 4, 5-三羟基四氢-2H-吡喃-2-羧酸。
代谢产物D的色谱保留时间为6.26 min, 准分子离子峰[M+H]+为m/z 449.149 0, 与原型药物相比, 分子质量增加了92 Da, 推测其为MT-1苯环上伯氨基与半胱氨酸衍生物结合形成硫醚键的代谢产物。在二级全扫描质谱图中, 主要的碎片是断裂的是伯氨基上的氮原子m/z 340.096 0, 因此推测代谢产物D为(2R)-2-氨基-N-(2-(((E)-2-(苯并[d][1, 3]二氧杂环戊-5-基)色满-4-亚基)氨基)苯基)-3-巯基丙酰胺。代谢产物D的保留时间相较于其他三个更长, 可能是因为硫醚键的引入降低了代谢产物D的极性。硫原子的电负性低于氧或氮, 使得硫醚结构比相应的醚或胺更具疏水性。在反相色谱中, 疏水性强的物质与固定相的烷基链相互作用更强, 会导致洗脱延迟, 保留时间延长。其他代谢物可能经过羟基化、葡萄糖醛酸化后, 增加极性, 从而缩短了保留时间。
本实验成功建立UPLC-MS/MS法测定了MT-1在SD大鼠血浆中的浓度, 并系统性分析了该化合物在大鼠体内的药代动力学特征。结果表明, 在灌胃和尾静脉注射两种给药途径下MT-1均表现出较好的药代动力学特性, 为后续临床应用提供重要依据。同时通过优化样品前处理方法, 有效降低了内源性基质干扰, 确保了检测结果的可靠性。
本研究进行了全面的方法学考察, 结果表明, 各项考察指标均表现优异, 证明该方法的可靠性和有效性, 为后续的研究工作提供了坚实的方法学基础, 相对地, 提取回收率和基质效应考察指标结果显示, MT-1的提取回收率在93.31%~113.2%之间, RSD均不高于10%, 但低浓度(5 ng·mL-1) 下的提取回收率较高为113.2% ± 0.39%, 分析其可能的原因有: ①样品处理过程中分析物被浓缩, 因此体积减少导致浓度虚高; ②基质效应补偿不充分, 在低浓度时, 生物基质中的内源性成分(如蛋白质、脂类) 可能未完全被消除, 与分析物共洗脱时, 增强离子化效率(尤其在LC-MS/MS中), 使测得响应值偏高, 当内标物未能准确反映信号增强程度, 易导致基质效应补偿不足, 进而使回收率计算值虚高。
药代动力学分析结果显示, MT-1在大鼠体内具有较长的半衰期(t1/2 = 6.280 ± 2.060 h), 长于同类受体调节剂。这一特性提示MT-1在体内可能通过肝肠循环或组织结合等方式延长滞留时间。这一优势有利于维持药效, 同时可降低给药频率, 对临床应用具有积极意义。但生物利用度较低为11.26%, 分析可能是多因素协同作用导致: 一方面, 药物在肝脏中经历I相甲基化(生成2个代谢物) 和II相葡萄糖醛酸化及半胱氨酸结合(生成另外2个代谢物), 多数原药在进入体循环前因首过效应被代谢清除; 肠道首过效应也可能参与这一过程(肠道CYP450和UGT酶的提前代谢); 另一方面, 广泛的代谢途径(I/II相双路径) 加速了药物清除, 代谢物的水溶性会促进胆汁或肾脏排泄, 减少进入体循环药量。此外, 吸收限制也可能减少原药的初始吸收, 通过血浆蛋白结合, 游离型药物浓度降低, 影响代谢速度, 组织蛋白结合则限制药物跨膜转运和吸收。这些因素共同导致MT-1的低生物利用度, 提示后期需通过结构修饰或给药途径优化等减少首过代谢并改善其生物利用度。
进一步采用高分辨质谱(HRMS) 结合UNIFI7.0软件分析代谢物, 结果发现MT-1主要经Ⅰ相和Ⅱ相代谢途径转化, 推测主要形成4个代谢产物, 其中Ⅰ相产物2个, 主要涉及甲基化反应; Ⅱ相产物2个, 主要包括半胱氨酸结合和葡萄糖醛酸化修饰。该结果揭示了MT-1的主要代谢路径, 为进一步阐明其体内转化机制提供了参考。
综上所述, MT-1在大鼠体内具有良好的药代动力学特征, 显示出一定的开发潜力。其较长的半衰期及明确的代谢转化途径, 为后续药物设计、结构优化及安全性评价提供了实验基础。同时, 本研究数据也可为MT-1在TNBC治疗中的合理应用提供理论支持。

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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-1154
  • 接收时间:2025-09-26
  • 首发时间:2026-09-21
  • 出版时间:2026-07-12
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  • 收稿日期:2025-09-26
  • 修回日期:2026-04-29
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    1贵州医科大学药学院, 贵州 贵阳 561113
    2贵州医科大学, 贵州省化学合成药物研发利用工程技术研究中心, 贵州 贵阳 561113
    3贵州医科大学医药卫生管理学院, 贵州 贵阳 561113

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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属
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种数
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species
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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