Article(id=1308840344339439824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308840287129141340, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-1065, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1757088000000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-06, revisedDate=1765987200000, revisedDateStr=2025-12-18, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789981455167, onlineDateStr=2026-09-21, pubDate=1775923200000, pubDateStr=2026-04-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789981455167, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789981455167, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789981455167, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1308840287129141340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2026', volume='61', issue='4', pageStart='1001', pageEnd='1434', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1775923200000', pubDateStr='2026-04-12', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789981441528, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789984228828, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1308851977992368434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308840287129141340, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1308851977992368435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308840287129141340, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1225, endPage=1233, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1308840344771453137, articleId=1308840344339439824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Mechanistic study of Gualou Guizhi Decoction in enhancing neurological and motor function in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury rats via the TWEAK/Fn14/NF-κB pathway, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential regulatory mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of Gualou Guizhi Decoction (GLGZD) in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (CI/R)-injured rats. The main chemical components of GLGZD were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q-TOFMS). Molecular docking was performed using the CB-Dock2 platform to evaluate the binding interactions between GLGZD components and Fn14. After the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was established in male SD rats, the therapeutic efficacy of GLGZD was evaluated using a combination of assessments. The modified neurological severity score (mNSS) and Catwalk test were conducted to evaluate neurological and motor functions of rats. MRI was used to measure cerebral infarction volume. Nissl staining was performed to observe the morphological structures of the neurons. Western blot was used to detect protein expression of tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK), fibroblast growth factor-inducible immediate-early response protein 14 (Fn14), TNF receptor associated factor 2 (TRAF2), cellular inhibitor of apoptosis 1 (cIAP1), NF-κB inducing kinase (NIK), inhibitor of kappa B kinase α (IKKα), phosphorylated IKKα, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) in ischemic cortex. Immunofluorescence was used to analyze the expression of Fn14 in neurons, and immunohistochemistry was employed to examine the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). The results showed that the 8 identified ingredients of GLGZD could bind to Fn14. Compared with the sham surgery group, the model group exhibited significantly reduced motor function, Nissl-positive cells, and protein expression levels of cIAP1, TRAF2, and total Bcl-2 (P < 0.01). Conversely, mNSS scores, cerebral infarction volume, TWEAK, Fn14, NIK, Bax protein expression levels, IKKα phosphorylation levels, and neuronal Fn14-positive cell counts all significantly increased (P < 0.01). GLGZD treatment markedly improved motor function in MCAO rats, increased the number of Nissl-positive cells in the ischemic cortex, and enhanced cIAP1, TRAF2, and total Bcl-2 protein expression (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). It also significantly reduced mNSS and cerebral infarction volume, decreased TWEAK, Fn14, NIK, and Bax protein expression in the ischemic cortex, lowered IKKα phosphorylation, and reduced neuronal Fn14-positive cell counts (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). In conclusion, GLGZD can improve neurological and motor function after stroke in MCAO rats. This neuroprotective effect may be mediated through the TWEAK/Fn14/NF-κB pathway, which reduces neuronal damage. The animal study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (approval number: FJTCM IACUC 2021087).

, authors=Run-yong LUO1, Feng-fan XIE2, Xiao-ting LIN1, Ruo-ying HU1, Xin-wei LI1, Yu-zhou LIN1, Yu-qin ZHANG1, Mei HUANG1, Li-hong NAN1, *, Ya-ping CHEN1, *, authorsList=Run-yong LUO, Feng-fan XIE, Xiao-ting LIN, Ruo-ying HU, Xin-wei LI, Yu-zhou LIN, Yu-qin ZHANG, Mei HUANG, Li-hong NAN, Ya-ping CHEN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Li-hong NAN, Ya-ping CHEN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2026 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1308840351255847139, articleId=1308840344339439824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=栝楼桂枝汤通过TWEAK/Fn14/NF-κB通路改善脑缺血/再灌注损伤后神经运动功能的机制研究, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究旨在探讨栝楼桂枝汤(Gualou Guizhi Decoction, GLGZD) 改善大鼠脑缺血/再灌注(cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, CI/R) 损伤后神经运动功能的可能机制。采用高效液相色谱-飞行时间质谱技术分析GLGZD的药物成分; 采用AutoDock软件对GLGZD的活性成分和Fn14蛋白进行分子对接; 通过制备大鼠大脑中动脉阻塞(middle cerebral artery occlusions, MCAO) 模型, 采用mNSS评分和Catwalk步态分析系统检测大鼠神经运动功能; MRI检测脑梗死体积; Nissl染色法观察神经细胞损伤情况; Western blot法检测肿瘤坏死因子样凋亡微弱诱导剂(tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis, TWEAK)、成纤维细胞生长因子诱导型14 (fibroblast growth factor-inducible immediate-early response protein 14, Fn14)、肿瘤坏死因子受体相关因子2 (tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2, TRAF2)、细胞凋亡蛋白抑制剂1 (cellular inhibitor of apoptosis proteins 1, cIAP1)、NF-κB诱导激酶(NF-κB induced kinase, NIK)、B细胞淋巴瘤因子2 (B-cell lymphoma 2, Bcl-2)、Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bcl-2-associated X protein, Bax) 的蛋白表达量, 以及IκB激酶α (IκB kinase α, IKKα) 的磷酸化水平; 免疫荧光法分析神经元中Fn14的表达情况; 免疫组化法分析核因子κB (nuclear factor kappa B, NF-κB) 入核表达情况。结果鉴定出8个具有抗CI/R损伤的活性成分, 并与Fn14均具有较强的结合能力。与模型组比较, GLGZD能明显改善MCAO大鼠神经运动功能, 减少脑梗死体积, 显著增加缺血侧皮层Nissl阳性细胞数及cIAP1、TRAF2、Bcl-2蛋白的表达量(P < 0.05, P < 0.01); 明显下调缺血侧皮层中TWEAK、Fn14、NIK、Bax蛋白的表达量及IKKα的磷酸化水平, 并可明显减少NF-κB入核表达量及神经元中Fn14表达量(P < 0.05, P < 0.01)。综上, GLGZD可靶向抑制TWEAK/Fn14/NF-κB通路, 减轻CI/R后神经细胞的损伤, 以改善大鼠神经运动功能。动物实验经福建中医药大学动物伦理委员会批准(批准号: FJTCM IACUC 2021087)。

, authors=罗润永1, 谢风帆2, 林小婷1, 胡若莹1, 李鑫炜1, 林钰洲1, 张玉琴1, 黄枚1, 南丽红1, *, 陈亚萍1, *, authorsList=罗润永, 谢风帆, 林小婷, 胡若莹, 李鑫炜, 林钰洲, 张玉琴, 黄枚, 南丽红, 陈亚萍, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=南丽红, 陈亚萍, authorNote=

作者贡献:

罗润永负责动物实验、数据分析及文章撰写; 谢风帆、林小婷、胡若莹、李鑫炜、林钰洲参与部分动物实验; 张玉琴、黄枚参与课题设计与指导; 陈亚萍、南丽红负责课题设计、实验和论文指导。

, correspAuthorsNote=
南丽红, E-mail:
陈亚萍, E-mail:
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A: HPLC chromatogram of the components in GLGZD; B-I: The ESI-QTOF-MS spectra of the components. GLGZD: Gualou Guizhi Decoction, figureFileSmall=eOXf1ZJeTsRmUC0/dKc8UQ==, figureFileBig=rCby3Hxl4v2/PN+qtZVC4g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308840356700053800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308840344339439824, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=GbVfluKaaJ+r8JtgIZR0zw==, figureFileBig=pgF8uwgLNQJSxnsmAdYz5Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308840356771356969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308840344339439824, language=CN, label=Fig.2, caption=Interconnection diagram of molecular docking results, figureFileSmall=GbVfluKaaJ+r8JtgIZR0zw==, figureFileBig=pgF8uwgLNQJSxnsmAdYz5Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308840356855243050, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308840344339439824, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=4B4KXsOcOvn9wlQkanD9Vg==, figureFileBig=KRD/VzpHQGQPmjcB4ULIEg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308840356918157611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308840344339439824, language=CN, label=Fig.3, caption=GLGZD improved neurological dysfunction and motor function in MCAO rats. A: mNSS; B: Run duration; C: Run average speed of rats. n = 8, x ± s. **P < 0.01 vs sham group; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01 vs MCAO group. Nimodipine: 6 mg·kg-1; MCAO: Middle cerebral artery occlusions, figureFileSmall=4B4KXsOcOvn9wlQkanD9Vg==, figureFileBig=KRD/VzpHQGQPmjcB4ULIEg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308840357010432300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308840344339439824, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=WE6dxRV8IcPJjIp90BHyJw==, figureFileBig=7dvWD7Vw29sP/xAFX1xvWQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308840357081735469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308840344339439824, language=CN, label=Fig.4, caption=GLGZD reduce cerebral infarct volume of MCAO rats. n = 8, x ± s. **P < 0.01 vs sham group; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01 vs MCAO group, figureFileSmall=WE6dxRV8IcPJjIp90BHyJw==, figureFileBig=7dvWD7Vw29sP/xAFX1xvWQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308840357144650030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308840344339439824, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=eCWK7SEKAKHt5A6+tgKOfg==, figureFileBig=U8vGYHrwLsQZbE8JnvCzsQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308840357232730415, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308840344339439824, language=CN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effects of GLGZD on the morphology and number of neurons in the cerebral cortex of MCAO rats. Photomicrographs of Nissl stained cortex tissue of rats (A, 400×, scale bars: 50 μm), and the statistical analysis histogram (B) of the number of Nissl positive cells. n = 5, x ± s. **P < 0.01 vs sham group; ##P < 0.01 vs MCAO group, figureFileSmall=eCWK7SEKAKHt5A6+tgKOfg==, figureFileBig=U8vGYHrwLsQZbE8JnvCzsQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308840357299839280, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308840344339439824, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=1NH8zEsWY6/v+vapD+a0mA==, figureFileBig=tXoBMrYl9gXbRPFOKW5QLA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308840357526331697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308840344339439824, language=CN, label=Fig.6, caption=Effect of GLGZD on TWEAK/Fn14 signaling pathway-related factors protein expression in MCAO model rats. A: Western blots images of TWEAK, Fn14, cIAP1, TRAF2, NIK, phosphorylated IKKα, total IKKα, Bax, and Bcl-2 proteins lanes; B-I: Quantitative analysis of the protein expression levels. n = 3, x ± s. **P < 0.01 vs sham group; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01 vs MCAO group. TWEAK: Tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis; Fn14: Fibroblast growth factor-inducible immediate-early response protein 14; cIAP1: Cellular inhibitor of apoptosis proteins 1; TRAF2: Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2; NIK: NF-κB induced kinase; IKKα: IκB kinase α; p-IKKα: Phospho-IKKα; Bcl-2: B-cell lymphoma 2; Bax: Bcl-2-associated X protein, figureFileSmall=1NH8zEsWY6/v+vapD+a0mA==, figureFileBig=tXoBMrYl9gXbRPFOKW5QLA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308840357589246258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308840344339439824, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=jiKAzoYYRUl4L/5c3IkhoA==, figureFileBig=d3GsZFEZjJRGcAjN/g5x7w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308840357660549427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308840344339439824, language=CN, label=Fig.7, caption=Effect of GLGZD on Fn14 positive neurons in MCAO model rats. The immunofluorescence staining (A) results showed the expression of Fn14 positive cells in neurons of cerebral cortex of rats (400×, scale bars: 50 μm), and the statistical analysis histogram (B) of the number of Fn14 positive neurons. n = 5, x ± s. **P < 0.01 vs sham group; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01 vs MCAO group. NeuN: Neuron-specific nuclear protein, figureFileSmall=jiKAzoYYRUl4L/5c3IkhoA==, figureFileBig=d3GsZFEZjJRGcAjN/g5x7w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308840357736046900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308840344339439824, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=iw1eHG6sM15zmH+Jgmv9ew==, figureFileBig=P/riiTdxs8y8B538SZp4IA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308840357798961461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308840344339439824, language=CN, label=Fig.8, caption=The effect of GLGZD on NF-κB nuclear translocation in MCAO model rats. The result of NF-κB nuclear translocation was observed by immunohistochemistry, with the DAPI stained in blue (400×, scale bars: 50 μm). n = 5, x ± s. **P < 0.01 vs sham group; ##P < 0.01 vs MCAO group. 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栝楼桂枝汤通过TWEAK/Fn14/NF-κB通路改善脑缺血/再灌注损伤后神经运动功能的机制研究
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罗润永 1 , 谢风帆 2 , 林小婷 1 , 胡若莹 1 , 李鑫炜 1 , 林钰洲 1 , 张玉琴 1 , 黄枚 1 , 南丽红 1, * , 陈亚萍 1, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2026,61(4): 1225-1233
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药学学报 |研究论文 2026 , 61 (4) : 1225 -1233
栝楼桂枝汤通过TWEAK/Fn14/NF-κB通路改善脑缺血/再灌注损伤后神经运动功能的机制研究
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罗润永1, 谢风帆2, 林小婷1, 胡若莹1, 李鑫炜1, 林钰洲1, 张玉琴1, 黄枚1, 南丽红1, * , 陈亚萍1, *
作者信息
  • 1福建中医药大学药学院, 福建 福州 350122
  • 2福建医科大学孟超肝胆医院, 福建 福州 350007
通讯作者:
南丽红, E-mail:
陈亚萍, E-mail:
作者简介:

作者贡献:

罗润永负责动物实验、数据分析及文章撰写; 谢风帆、林小婷、胡若莹、李鑫炜、林钰洲参与部分动物实验; 张玉琴、黄枚参与课题设计与指导; 陈亚萍、南丽红负责课题设计、实验和论文指导。

Mechanistic study of Gualou Guizhi Decoction in enhancing neurological and motor function in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury rats via the TWEAK/Fn14/NF-κB pathway
Run-yong LUO1, Feng-fan XIE2, Xiao-ting LIN1, Ruo-ying HU1, Xin-wei LI1, Yu-zhou LIN1, Yu-qin ZHANG1, Mei HUANG1, Li-hong NAN1, * , Ya-ping CHEN1, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
  • 2MengChao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350007, China
出版时间: 2026-04-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-1065
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本研究旨在探讨栝楼桂枝汤(Gualou Guizhi Decoction, GLGZD) 改善大鼠脑缺血/再灌注(cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, CI/R) 损伤后神经运动功能的可能机制。采用高效液相色谱-飞行时间质谱技术分析GLGZD的药物成分; 采用AutoDock软件对GLGZD的活性成分和Fn14蛋白进行分子对接; 通过制备大鼠大脑中动脉阻塞(middle cerebral artery occlusions, MCAO) 模型, 采用mNSS评分和Catwalk步态分析系统检测大鼠神经运动功能; MRI检测脑梗死体积; Nissl染色法观察神经细胞损伤情况; Western blot法检测肿瘤坏死因子样凋亡微弱诱导剂(tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis, TWEAK)、成纤维细胞生长因子诱导型14 (fibroblast growth factor-inducible immediate-early response protein 14, Fn14)、肿瘤坏死因子受体相关因子2 (tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2, TRAF2)、细胞凋亡蛋白抑制剂1 (cellular inhibitor of apoptosis proteins 1, cIAP1)、NF-κB诱导激酶(NF-κB induced kinase, NIK)、B细胞淋巴瘤因子2 (B-cell lymphoma 2, Bcl-2)、Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bcl-2-associated X protein, Bax) 的蛋白表达量, 以及IκB激酶α (IκB kinase α, IKKα) 的磷酸化水平; 免疫荧光法分析神经元中Fn14的表达情况; 免疫组化法分析核因子κB (nuclear factor kappa B, NF-κB) 入核表达情况。结果鉴定出8个具有抗CI/R损伤的活性成分, 并与Fn14均具有较强的结合能力。与模型组比较, GLGZD能明显改善MCAO大鼠神经运动功能, 减少脑梗死体积, 显著增加缺血侧皮层Nissl阳性细胞数及cIAP1、TRAF2、Bcl-2蛋白的表达量(P < 0.05, P < 0.01); 明显下调缺血侧皮层中TWEAK、Fn14、NIK、Bax蛋白的表达量及IKKα的磷酸化水平, 并可明显减少NF-κB入核表达量及神经元中Fn14表达量(P < 0.05, P < 0.01)。综上, GLGZD可靶向抑制TWEAK/Fn14/NF-κB通路, 减轻CI/R后神经细胞的损伤, 以改善大鼠神经运动功能。动物实验经福建中医药大学动物伦理委员会批准(批准号: FJTCM IACUC 2021087)。

栝楼桂枝汤  /  脑缺血/再灌注损伤  /  神经保护  /  分子对接  /  TWEAK/Fn14/NF-κB通路

The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential regulatory mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of Gualou Guizhi Decoction (GLGZD) in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (CI/R)-injured rats. The main chemical components of GLGZD were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q-TOFMS). Molecular docking was performed using the CB-Dock2 platform to evaluate the binding interactions between GLGZD components and Fn14. After the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was established in male SD rats, the therapeutic efficacy of GLGZD was evaluated using a combination of assessments. The modified neurological severity score (mNSS) and Catwalk test were conducted to evaluate neurological and motor functions of rats. MRI was used to measure cerebral infarction volume. Nissl staining was performed to observe the morphological structures of the neurons. Western blot was used to detect protein expression of tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK), fibroblast growth factor-inducible immediate-early response protein 14 (Fn14), TNF receptor associated factor 2 (TRAF2), cellular inhibitor of apoptosis 1 (cIAP1), NF-κB inducing kinase (NIK), inhibitor of kappa B kinase α (IKKα), phosphorylated IKKα, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) in ischemic cortex. Immunofluorescence was used to analyze the expression of Fn14 in neurons, and immunohistochemistry was employed to examine the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). The results showed that the 8 identified ingredients of GLGZD could bind to Fn14. Compared with the sham surgery group, the model group exhibited significantly reduced motor function, Nissl-positive cells, and protein expression levels of cIAP1, TRAF2, and total Bcl-2 (P < 0.01). Conversely, mNSS scores, cerebral infarction volume, TWEAK, Fn14, NIK, Bax protein expression levels, IKKα phosphorylation levels, and neuronal Fn14-positive cell counts all significantly increased (P < 0.01). GLGZD treatment markedly improved motor function in MCAO rats, increased the number of Nissl-positive cells in the ischemic cortex, and enhanced cIAP1, TRAF2, and total Bcl-2 protein expression (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). It also significantly reduced mNSS and cerebral infarction volume, decreased TWEAK, Fn14, NIK, and Bax protein expression in the ischemic cortex, lowered IKKα phosphorylation, and reduced neuronal Fn14-positive cell counts (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). In conclusion, GLGZD can improve neurological and motor function after stroke in MCAO rats. This neuroprotective effect may be mediated through the TWEAK/Fn14/NF-κB pathway, which reduces neuronal damage. The animal study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (approval number: FJTCM IACUC 2021087).

Gualou Guizhi Decoction  /  cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury  /  neuroprotection  /  molecular docking  /  TWEAK/Fn14/NF-κB signaling pathway
罗润永, 谢风帆, 林小婷, 胡若莹, 李鑫炜, 林钰洲, 张玉琴, 黄枚, 南丽红, 陈亚萍. 栝楼桂枝汤通过TWEAK/Fn14/NF-κB通路改善脑缺血/再灌注损伤后神经运动功能的机制研究. 药学学报, 2026 , 61 (4) : 1225 -1233 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-1065
Run-yong LUO, Feng-fan XIE, Xiao-ting LIN, Ruo-ying HU, Xin-wei LI, Yu-zhou LIN, Yu-qin ZHANG, Mei HUANG, Li-hong NAN, Ya-ping CHEN. Mechanistic study of Gualou Guizhi Decoction in enhancing neurological and motor function in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury rats via the TWEAK/Fn14/NF-κB pathway[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2026 , 61 (4) : 1225 -1233 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-1065
缺血性脑卒中是世界医药科学领域备受关注的重大疾病, 已成为全球第二大致死及第三大致残的疾病[1, 2]。脑缺血/再灌注(cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, CI/R) 损伤是缺血性脑卒中重要的病理生理过程, 由于大脑动脉堵塞、血流受阻, 脑组织缺血缺氧、能量供应中断后进行再灌注治疗, 会进一步加重缺血区神经细胞结构和功能的损伤, 从而引起严重的神经功能障碍[3]。因此, 寻找可能的治疗靶点并开发有效的神经保护药物是改善CI/R损伤的关键。
肿瘤坏死因子样凋亡微弱诱导剂(tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis, TWEAK) 是细胞因子肿瘤坏死因子超家族的成员, 与其唯一已知的信号传导受体成纤维细胞生长因子诱导型14 (fibroblast growth factor-inducible immediate-early response protein 14, Fn14) 在正常状态下低表达[4]。缺血性脑损伤发生后, TWEAK和Fn14的表达显著增加, 且Fn14在神经元上高表达[5]。当TWEAK/Fn14持续激活会进一步激活其下游核因子κB (nuclear factor kappa B, NF-κB) 途径, 加重CI/R损伤[6]。
近年来, 中药复方因其具有多组分协同, 可在多系统、多层次、多靶点上发挥整体作用以及毒副作用小的特点, 成为脑卒中后康复治疗的研究热点。栝楼桂枝汤(Gualou Guizhi Decoction, GLGZD) 源自东汉末年张仲景的《金匮要略》, 具有生津和血通脉、养阴柔筋之功效, 主治痉证。现临床将该方用于治疗脑卒中痉挛性偏瘫患者, 可较好改善患者神经运动功能[7-9]。现代研究也证实, GLGZD可通过多途径发挥神经保护作用[10, 11], 但其作用机制尚未完全阐明。故本研究拟采用大鼠大脑中动脉阻塞(middle cerebral artery occlusions, MCAO) 模型, 研究GLGZD是否通过TWEAK/Fn14介导的NF-κB信号传导途径减轻CI/R损伤, 改善神经运动功能的作用机制, 为GLGZD的临床应用提供科学依据。
实验动物  本研究使用75只雄性SPF级SD大鼠(体质量250~270 g), 由上海斯莱克实验动物有限责任公司提供, 其实验动物生产许可证号SCXK (沪) 2017-0005。动物实验在福建中医药大学实验动物管理中心进行, 实验动物使用许可证号SYXK (闽) 2019-0007。动物实验方案经福建中医药大学动物伦理委员会批准, 伦理批准号: FJTCM IACUC 2021087, 实验全程所有操作均严格遵守动物伦理规范。
药物、试剂与仪器  天花粉[北京本草方源(亳州) 药业, 批号220501]、桂枝(亳州永刚饮片厂有限公司, 批号210228)、白芍、甘草片(厦门燕来福制药有限公司, 批号分别为180803、211101)、大枣(安徽惠丰国药有限公司, 批号201233)、生姜(福建承创堂药店); 尼莫地平(nimodipine) (湖北百草制药有限公司, 批号: 170602); DAPI染液(碧云天生物技术有限公司, 货号C1006); 特超敏ECL发光液(大连美仑生物技术有限公司, 货号MA0186); 牛血清白蛋白BSA (德国Biofroxx公司, 货号4240); 尼氏染色液(甲苯胺蓝法)、抗荧光衰减封片剂(北京索莱宝科技有限公司, 货号分别为G1436、S2100); TWEAK抗体(武汉爱博泰克生物科技有限公司, 货号A5659); Fn14抗体(美国Novus公司, 货号NBP1-85770); 肿瘤坏死因子受体相关因子2 (tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2, TRAF2)、细胞凋亡蛋白抑制剂1 (cellular inhibitor of apoptosis proteins 1, cIAP1)、NF-κB诱导激酶(NF-κB induced kinase, NIK)、IκB激酶α (IκB kinase α, IKKα)、B细胞淋巴瘤因子2 (B-cell lymphoma 2, Bcl-2)、Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bcl-2-associated X protein, Bax)、神经元特异性核蛋白(neuron-specific nuclear protein, NeuN)、β-actin、NF-κB抗体(英国Abcam公司, 货号分别为ab126758、ab2399、ab37712、ab32041、ab182858、ab182733、ab104224、ab8226、ab16502); phospho-IKKα抗体(美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司, 货号PA5-36652); 即用型免疫组化试剂盒(武汉博士德生物工程有限公司, 货号SA1020)。
1260 Infinity Ⅲ液相色谱系统、6520 Q-TOF四极杆飞行时间串联质谱仪(美国Agilent公司); 尼龙线栓(广州佳灵生物技术有限公司, 型号3600/3800AAA); Catwalk步态分析系统(荷兰Noldus公司, 型号XT10.0); 小动物MRI (德国BRUKER公司, 型号BioSpec 70/20 USR); 石蜡切片机(美国Thermo Fisher公司, 型号HM325); 倒置荧光显微镜、光学显微镜(德国Leica公司, 型号DMi8、DM400B LED); 蛋白质电泳及转印装置、化学发光成像系统(美国Bio-Rad公司, 型号PowerPAC Basic、Mini PROTEAT Tetra、ChemiDoc XRS+); 多功能酶标仪(瑞士TECAN公司, 型号Infinite 200 PRO)。
GLGZD溶液的制备  GLGZD的处方组成为天花粉(栝楼根) 30 g、桂枝9 g、白芍9 g、大枣9 g、生姜9 g、甘草6 g。根据该处方的临床用量换算成大鼠的等效剂量为7.2 g·kg-1 (即为GLGZD中剂量)。精确称取1个处方量的药材转移到圆底烧瓶中, 加入药材总质量10倍量的蒸馏水, 室温浸泡40 min, 后将烧瓶连接至加热回流提取装置中, 自首次回流起计时, 提取1.5 h。提取完毕, 经纱布过滤收集药液, 向药渣中续加8倍量的蒸馏水, 依上述方法进行第二次提取。最后将所有取得的药液集合并加热浓缩至50 mL, 即得GLGZD高浓度(1.44 g·mL-1)。将GLGZD高浓度与饮用水按1∶1以及1∶3的比例进行稀释, 即可得GLGZD中浓度(0.72 g·mL-1) 与低浓度(0.36 g·mL-1)。
同时, 将高浓度溶液继续旋转蒸发浓缩至一定程度, -40 ℃冷冻干燥, 冻干粉储存于-20 ℃备用, 用于高效液相色谱-飞行时间质谱技术分析。精确称量0.50 g粉末, 并用5 mL 50%甲醇溶解, 超声30 min, 将样品以16 000 ×g离心10 min, 上清液通过0.22 μm有机滤膜过滤。分析前, 所有样品均储存在4 ℃。
GLGZD成分测定  色谱条件: 色谱柱YMC-Pack ODS-A (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm), 柱温30 ℃, 进样体积20 μL, 流速0.800 mL·min-1, 流动相由0.1% (v/v) 的甲酸水(A) 和乙腈(B) 组成。梯度洗脱程序如下: 0~5 min为5% B, 5~50 min为5%~32% B, 50~65 min为32%~48% B; 65~75 min为48%~57% B; 75~100 min为57% B; 100~115 min为57%~5% B。针头在标准清洗模式下, 采用自动进样器进样。质谱条件: 采用电喷雾离子源(ESI), 正、负离子检测模式(ESI+、ESI-), 氮气作去溶剂化气体。毛细管电压正离子模式为3.5 kV, 负离子模式为4.5 kV, 碎片电压110 V, 碰撞能量为65 eV, 干燥气温度350 ℃, 干燥气体积流量10.0 L·min-1, 雾化器压力35 psig; 扫描模式为全扫描, 质量扫描范围m/z 50~1 500。
Fn14与GLGZD主要活性单体的分子对接  从UniProtKB数据库(https://www.uniprot.org) 检索Fn14蛋白序列, 将该序列导入SWISS-MODLE网站, 获取蛋白质最优结构, 并保存为PDB格式; 通过PYMOL软件优化蛋白质结构, 去除多余配体和水分子。从PubChem数据库(https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) 下载化合物的化学结构, 随后利用Discover Studio软件对化合物进行能量最小化处理。采用AutoDock vina1.5.6软件进行分子对接, 通过Pymol3.1和Discovery Studio 2019软件进行可视化分析。结合能越低, 表明化合物与靶点蛋白Fn14之间的结合能力越强。
MCAO模型制备、分组及给药  取67只大鼠采用线栓法建立大鼠大脑中动脉阻塞模型。造模前12 h对大鼠实施禁食, 造模时以2%的异氟烷吸入麻醉。固定大鼠后, 沿颈部右侧正中线切开皮肤, 钝性分离暴露颈总动脉、颈内动脉及颈外动脉。将线栓经颈总动脉插入, 直至阻塞大脑中动脉起始部。阻塞2 h后, 部分回撤线栓以实现再灌注。另取8只大鼠为假手术组, 假手术组大鼠除不进行大脑中动脉阻塞操作外, 其余步骤均与模型组相同。术后待大鼠完全苏醒, 采用改良神经功能缺损评分(modified neurological severity score, mNSS)[7]评价其运动、感觉、平衡及反射功能。将评分在6~14分内的大鼠判定为模型制作成功, 纳入后续实验分组。造模过程中11只大鼠死亡, 另有10只大鼠mNSS评分 < 6分, 6只大鼠mNSS评分 > 14分, 均不纳入实验分组。
将造模成功的大鼠随机分为模型组、GLGZD低、中、高剂量组以及阳性对照组, 每组8只。各组大鼠均按1 mL/100 g给药体积进行灌胃给药, 以0.36、0.72、1.44 g·mL-1给予GLGZD, 即低、中、高剂量分别为3.6、7.2、14.4 g·kg-1; 阳性对照组以6 mg·kg-1灌胃尼莫地平; 模型组及假手术组给予生理盐水; 每天给药, 持续7天。
Catwalk步态分析系统检测大鼠运动功能  动物提前一周在黑暗房间中的Catwalk步态分析系统中进行训练。在末次给药1 h后, 使用步态分析系统评估大鼠的运动速度和运动时间, 实验重复3次。
MRI检测脑梗死体积  麻醉大鼠, 采用MRI对大鼠脑部进行T2WI扫描, 以Image J图像软件分析大鼠T2WI脑梗死体积。
组织石蜡切片的制备  大鼠麻醉后, 经心脏灌注生理盐水及4%多聚甲醛。取脑组织置于多聚甲醛中固定24 h后, 使用大鼠脑模具将全脑切成2 mm厚片, 经脱水、石蜡包埋等常规处理后, 进行切片。
Nissl染色法观察神经细胞形态及数量  石蜡切片脱蜡复水后, 置于甲苯胺蓝溶液中, 于57 ℃浸染40 min后, 高浓度乙醇分化、脱水、干燥、封片。于光学显微镜下观察并拍照, 并采用Image J图像分析软件进行统计。
免疫荧光法检测缺血侧大脑皮层中神经元Fn14阳性细胞率  石蜡切片脱蜡复水及抗原修复后, 5% BSA封闭2 h后, 加入NeuN (1∶300) 或Fn14 (1∶300) 一抗稀释液, 4 ℃孵育过夜。次日, PBS漂洗后, 加入二抗(1∶500) 室温孵育2 h, DAPI染核, 封片。
免疫组化检测缺血侧大脑皮层中NF-κB入核表达量   脱蜡复水后的切片, 经3%过氧化氢溶液阻断内源性过氧化物酶活性后, 加入柠檬酸钠进行抗原修复, 5% BSA封闭2 h, 滴加1∶100的NF-κB抗体稀释液, 4 ℃孵育过夜, 室温滴加二抗孵育2 h后, SABC孵育1 h, DAB显影, 苏木素复染, 封片。
Western blot法检测缺血侧大脑皮层组织中通路相关蛋白的表达  大鼠末次给药2 h后, 取缺血侧大脑皮层组织, 提取组织中总蛋白, BCA法测定蛋白浓度, 加入上样缓冲液制成蛋白样品。通过SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳分离蛋白, 转膜至PVDF膜, 封闭, 分别用TWEAK (1∶2 000)、Fn14 (1∶200)、phospho-IKKα、TRAF2、cIAP1、NIK、IKKα、Bcl-2、Bax (1∶1 000) 及β-actin (1∶4 000) 抗体作为一抗, 4 ℃孵育过夜。TBST清洗后加入对应二抗(1∶3 000) 孵育2 h, ECL显影液显影, 拍照并分析灰度值。使用Image J图像分析软件进行定量分析统计。
统计学方法  数据结果均采用均数±标准差(x ± s) 表示, 并使用SPSS 20.0软件进行统计分析。各组间数据符合正态分布的多组间比较用单因素方差分析, 若同时方差齐则采用LSD法进行分析比较, 若方差不齐则采用Games-Howell法进行分析比较; 各组间数据不符合正态分布, 则采用非参数Kruskal-Willis法进行分析。所有统计结果均以P < 0.05为差异具有统计学意义。
采用HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS技术对GLGZD进行正负离子扫描, 由质谱信息可知, 在负离子模式下有较好的响应。课题组前期对GLGZD的药效物质基础进行了较全面的研究[12, 13], 通过对比主要活性成分确认了8个色谱峰, [M-H]-分别是131.050 2、169.014 2、153.019 3、479.155 9、417.119 1、255.066 3、821.396 5、367.115 2。根据出峰时间(retention time, RT) 和分子质量依次鉴定为桂皮醛(cinnamaldehyde, C9H8O, RT 4.2 min)、没食子酸(gallic acid, C7H6O5, RT 7.0 min)、原儿茶酸(protocatechuic acid, C7H6O4, RT 11.98 min)、芍药苷(paeoniflorin, C23H28O11, RT 27.44 min)、甘草苷(glycyrrhizin, C21H22O9, RT 32.3 min)、甘草素(liquiritigenin, C15H12O4, RT 44.65 min)、甘草酸(glycyrrhizic acid, C42H62O16, RT 60.21 min)、姜黄素(curcumin, C21H20O6, RT 64.2 min)。色谱图见图1A, 质谱图见图1B~I。
采用AutoDock平台对GLGZD的8个活性成分(cinnamaldehyde、gallic acid、protocatechuic acid、paeoniflorin、glycyrrhizin、liquiritigenin、glycyrrhizic acid、curcumin) 与关键靶点Fn14进行分子对接, 其结合能分别为-5.3、-5.0、-4.8、-6.6、-7.5、-7.0、-7.5、 -6.5 kcal·mol-1。当结合能 < -4.0 kcal·mol-1表明两者间的相互作用较强, 结果显示Fn14与GLGZD中8个活性成分均表现出较好的结合稳定性, 对接结果如图2所示。
假手术组大鼠无神经功能缺损表现, 运动功能正常。与假手术组比较, 模型组大鼠造模后第7天的mNSS神经功能评分显著升高, 大鼠的运动时间明显延长, 平均运动速度明显减慢(P < 0.01); 给药后, GLGZD中、高剂量组及阳性对照组大鼠mNSS评分显著降低, 同时各组大鼠的运动能力明显得到改善(P < 0.05, P < 0.01, 图3)。
MRI结果显示, 假手术组大鼠大脑无梗死区域; 相较于假手术组, 模型组大鼠大脑明显出现大片梗死区域(P < 0.01), 呈白色; 给药后, GLGZD中、高剂量组及阳性对照组大鼠脑梗死体积明显减小(P < 0.01, 图4)。
假手术组大鼠大脑皮层神经元结构完整, Nissl阳性细胞密度较高。相较于假手术组, 模型组大鼠缺血侧皮层神经元结构破坏明显, 细胞形态固缩, 且模型组Nissl阳性细胞数量显著减少(P < 0.01); 给药后, GLGZD中、高剂量组及阳性对照组Nissl阳性细胞数量显著增多(P < 0.01, 图5)。
与假手术组比较, 模型组缺血侧皮层组织中TWEAK、Fn14、NIK、Bax的蛋白表达量显著升高, IKKα的磷酸化水平升高, cIAP1、TRAF2、Bcl-2蛋白表达量显著降低(P < 0.01)。与模型组比较, GLGZD给药组缺血侧大脑皮层组织中TWEAK、Fn14、NIK、Bax的蛋白表达量显著降低, IKKα的磷酸化水平明显下调(P < 0.05, P < 0.01); 而cIAP1、TRAF2、Bcl-2的蛋白表达量显著增多(P < 0.05, P < 0.01, 图6)。
免疫荧光检测结果表明, 模型组较假手术组缺血侧皮层中Fn14阳性细胞的数量显著增多(P < 0.01); 给药后, GLGZD中、高剂量组的Fn14阳性细胞数明显减少(P < 0.05, P < 0.01, 图7)。
免疫组化检测结果表明, 与假手术组相比, MCAO组大鼠缺血侧大脑皮层中移位入核的NF-κB表达量显著增多(P < 0.01)。而GLGZD治疗后, 中、高剂量组入核的NF-κB表达量明显减少(P < 0.01, 图8)。
大脑中动脉是颈内动脉最大的分支, 由于其分支广泛且负责大脑关键功能区的供血, 因此成为缺血性卒中最易累及的血管。故本研究采用经典的大脑中动脉闭塞2 h后再灌注的方法制备CI/R损伤模型。CI/R损伤后可引发运动、感觉功能障碍等一系列神经功能缺陷, mNSS评分可从运动、感觉、反射、平衡和其他(癫痫、肌阵挛、肌张力障碍) 等多方面综合评估神经功能缺损情况。步态异常是脑卒中后肢体运动功能障碍最直观的表现, 也是神经功能损伤的外部表现。MRI检测脑梗死体积是评估大脑损伤程度的常用手段。故本研究采用mNSS评分、步态分析及脑梗死体积综合评价大鼠的神经运动功能, 结果显示, MCAO大鼠mNSS评分显著增加, 大鼠神经功能缺损症状严重, 步态紊乱异常、行进速度缓慢, 脑组织出现大片白色区域, 脑梗死体积显著增加(P < 0.01), 提示CI/R模型建立成功。GLGZD和尼莫地平治疗后均可明显改善MCAO大鼠的神经功能缺损症状, 并可减少模型大鼠运动时间和脑梗死体积, 加快平均运动速度(P < 0.05, P < 0.01), 提示GLGZD具有明显改善CI/R损伤后神经运动功能的作用, 其作用与尼莫地平近似。
Fn14是TNF受体超家族的I型跨膜蛋白, TWEAK作为肿瘤坏死因子超家族的成员, 与其细胞表面唯一已知的信号传导受体Fn14的N-末端细胞外结构域结合, 进而发挥生物学作用[14]。有研究发现, 通过Fn14-Fc融合蛋白或抗TWEAK单克隆抗体抑制TWEAK活性对缺血性脑病具有显著的神经保护作用[5]。而TWEAK/Fn14通路的激活受到Fn14表达水平的调控[15]。
基于此, 本研究采用HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS技术对GLGZD的主要成分进行测定, 根据课题组前期对GLGZD的药效物质基础研究[12, 13], 通过对比, 鉴定出8个具有抗CI/R损伤活性的成分, 分别是桂皮醛、没食子酸、原儿茶酸、芍药苷、甘草苷、甘草素、甘草酸、姜黄素[16-18]。为了观察GLGZD与Fn14间相互作用, 本研究将以上8个成分与Fn14进行分子对接, 结果显示Fn14与GLGZD中8个活性成分结合均具有较好的亲和力。
大量研究表明, TWEAK与Fn14相互作用可激活脑缺血病理过程中NF-κB途径, 以诱导神经元凋亡[19]。细胞凋亡是CI/R后脑神经细胞的主要死亡方式, 凋亡后的神经细胞结构及功能受损, 导致神经运动功能严重障碍。尼氏体是神经元的特征性结构之一, 作为神经元内蛋白质合成的重要部位, 其形态结构会随着神经元的变化而改变。因此, Nissl染色常用来评价神经细胞的损伤程度。实验结果显示, CI/R损伤可引起缺血侧皮层中的神经元固缩深染, 细胞结构破坏, Nissl阳性细胞数明显减少(P < 0.01)。GLGZD治疗后可减轻CI/R损伤后Nissl小体的损伤, 具有明显的神经细胞保护作用(P < 0.01)。
在正常情况下TWEAK与Fn14均低表达, 当MCAO后24 h, 在脑梗死周围区域TWEAK与Fn14表达均明显增加[5]。TWEAK/Fn14若持续激活将会使Fn14发生三聚化, 募集并降解TRAF2 -cIAP1复合物[20]。正常情况下, TRAF2-cIAP1复合物在细胞质中表达并降解NIK, 使NIK保持稳态低水平。当TWEAK激活Fn14, 募集并降解TRAF2-cIAP1复合物, 致使NIK不被降解, 导致其在细胞质内积聚[21]。而NIK可使IKKα磷酸化激活, 致使NF-κB的抑制性蛋白IκB磷酸化而快速降解, 释放出NF-κB[20], 进入细胞核与核内Bcl-2基因家族启动子上κB序列特异性结合, 启动凋亡相关基因的转录过程[22, 23]。Bcl-2家族种类众多, 包括促凋亡蛋白Bax和抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2。Bax可对Bcl-2的表达进行调节, 拮抗Bcl-2的作用, 从而促进细胞凋亡[24]。
本实验结果显示, CI/R损伤后TWEAK、Fn14和NIK蛋白表达水平显著上升(P < 0.01), TRAF2、cIAP1蛋白表达水平显著下降(P < 0.01), IKKα磷酸化水平及NF-κB入核表达量均显著增加(P < 0.01)。免疫荧光双染结果进一步显示, CI/R损伤后神经元上高表达Fn14, 这与文献报道相一致[5]。同时, 模型组大鼠大脑皮层中Bax表达上调, Bcl-2表达下调(P < 0.01)。GLGZD治疗后可明显抑制TWEAK/Fn14通路介导NF-κB途径的激活, 减少CI/R损伤后细胞凋亡相关因子生成(P < 0.05, P < 0.01), 减轻脑缺血后的神经细胞损伤。
综上所述, 本研究发现GLGZD可靶向抑制CI/R损伤后TWEAK/Fn14/NF-κB通路的激活, 以减少神经元形态结构的破坏, 促进神经元的存活, 从而改善神经运动功能, 发挥脑保护作用。

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2026年第61卷第4期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-1065
  • 接收时间:2025-09-06
  • 首发时间:2026-09-21
  • 出版时间:2026-04-12
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  • 收稿日期:2025-09-06
  • 修回日期:2025-12-18
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    1福建中医药大学药学院, 福建 福州 350122
    2福建医科大学孟超肝胆医院, 福建 福州 350007

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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