Article(id=1308841311977959627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308841198224240856, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0904, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1754064000000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-02, revisedDate=1767110400000, revisedDateStr=2025-12-31, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789981685870, onlineDateStr=2026-09-21, pubDate=1781193600000, pubDateStr=2026-06-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789981685870, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789981685870, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789981685870, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1308841198224240856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2026', volume='61', issue='6', pageStart='1881', pageEnd='2376', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1781193600000', pubDateStr='2026-06-12', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789981658750, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789984187230, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1308851803500933401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308841198224240856, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1308851803500933402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308841198224240856, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2297, endPage=2305, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1308841312196063436, articleId=1308841311977959627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Preparation and pharmacokinetic investigation of bosentan and sildenafil combination tablets, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a fatal disease characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling, in which pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) requires long-term combination drug therapy. In this study, we developed bosentan (BST) and sildenafil citrate (SIL) combination tablets to address the complexity of clinical combination drug regimens and poor patient compliance. An HPLC method for the determination of the content at pH 1.2, 4.5 and 6.8 was established through pre-prescription studies, which confirmed that the solubility of BST increased with the increase of pH, while the opposite was true for SIL. The prescription was optimized using wet granulation process with dissolution and content uniformity as the core indexes, and the optimal composition was determined as 47.8% BST, 31.2% SIL, 8%-18% maize starch-pre-gelatinized starch (2∶1), 2%-8% sodium carboxymethyl starch, 3% behenic acid glycerol ester and 1% magnesium stearate. Quality evaluation showed that the tablets complied with pharmacopoeial standards and had good stability. Pharmacokinetic studies in SD rats showed that the tmax of BST and SIL in the compounded tablets were 3.76 and 0.94 h, respectively, which were comparable to those of the commercially available preparations and the half-life was extended by 3-fold and 2-fold, respectively. This compound preparation significantly improves patient compliance by simplifying the dosing regimen (43 mg BST+28 mg SIL, 3 times daily). The two drugs can reach blood drug concentration at the same time, creating favorable pharmacokinetic conditions for achieving synergistic effects at the pharmacological level. This characteristic makes the compound preparation a potential new strategy for the treatment of PAH. The study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of China Pharmaceutical University, and all experiments complied with ethical regulations (Approval number: YSL-202505069).

, authors=Guang-han WAN1, Hao-liang FU1, Cheng CHEN2, Wei HE1, *, Pei YANG3, *, authorsList=Guang-han WAN, Hao-liang FU, Cheng CHEN, Wei HE, Pei YANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Wei HE, Pei YANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2026 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1308841313026535635, articleId=1308841311977959627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=波生坦与西地那非复方片剂的制备及药动学考察, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

肺动脉高压(pulmonary hypertension, PH) 是一种以肺血管重构为特征的致命性疾病, 其中动脉性PH (pulmonary arterial hypertension, PAH) 需长期联合药物治疗。本研究针对临床联合用药方案复杂、患者依从性差的问题, 开发波生坦(bosentan, BST) 与枸橼酸西地那非(sildenafil citrate, SIL) 复方片剂。通过处方前研究建立了pH 1.2、4.5、6.8条件下的HPLC含量测定方法, 证实BST溶解度随pH升高而增加, SIL则相反。采用湿法制粒工艺、以溶出度和含量均匀度为核心指标优化处方, 确定最佳组成为47.8% BST、31.2% SIL、8%~18%玉米淀粉-预胶化淀粉(2∶1)、2%~8%羧甲基淀粉钠、3%山嵛酸甘油酯及1%硬脂酸镁。质量评价显示片剂符合药典标准, 稳定性良好。SD大鼠药动学研究表明, 复方片剂中BST和SIL的tmax分别为3.76和0.94 h, 与市售制剂相当, 且半衰期分别延长3和2倍。该复方制剂通过简化给药方案(43 mg BST + 28 mg SIL, 每日3次) 显著提高患者依从性。两药在同一时间段可以达到血药浓度, 为在药效学层面实现协同作用创造了有利的药代动力学条件。这一特性使该复方制剂有望成为PAH治疗的一种潜在新策略。研究获得中国药科大学动物伦理委员会批准(批准编号: YSL-202505069), 所有实验均符合伦理规范。

, authors=万光晗1, 付豪亮1, 陈成2, 何伟1, *, 杨培3, *, authorsList=万光晗, 付豪亮, 陈成, 何伟, 杨培, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=何伟, 杨培, authorNote=

作者贡献:

万光晗为本篇文章的撰写者; 付豪亮负责实验操作; 陈成、杨培和何伟主导了实验设计并修改论文。所有作者都阅读并认可手稿的最终版。

, correspAuthorsNote=
何伟,E-mail:
杨培,E-mail:
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Circulation, 2024, 149: 1949-1959., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841320223961360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841311977959627, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=5, rfOrder=4, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kuang HY, Li Q, Du HA, et al. Efficacy and safety of long-term oral bosentan in different types of pulmonary arterial hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis [J]. 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Eur Respir J, 2023, 61: 2202414., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841320362373394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841311977959627, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=7, rfOrder=6, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Nathan SD, Argula R, Trivieri MG, et al. Inhaled treprostinil in pulmonary hypertension associated with COPD: PERFECT study results [J]. Eur Respir J, 2024, 63: 2400172., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841320446259475, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841311977959627, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=8, rfOrder=7, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Burks M, Stickel S, Galiè N. 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Respiration, 2017, 94: 26-37., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841320647586070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841311977959627, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=11, rfOrder=10, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Dardi F, Manes A, Palazzini M, et al. Combining bosentan and sildenafil in pulmonary arterial hypertension patients failing monotherapy: Real-world insights [J]. Eur Respir J, 2015, 46: 414-421., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841320718889239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841311977959627, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=12, rfOrder=11, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Qelliny MR, Mustafa WW, Fatease AA, et al. Biofunctional excipients: Their emerging role in overcoming the inherent poor biopharmaceutical characteristics of drugs [J]. 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Sildenafil: A review of its use in pulmonary arterial hypertension [J]. Drugs, 2008, 68: 383-397., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841320978936091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841311977959627, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=16, rfOrder=15, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sun M, Huang CS, Wang LP, et al. Advances in oral distant targeted nanodelivery systems [J]. Acta Pharm Sin (药学学报), 2025, 60: 72-81., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1308841313232056532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841311977959627, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841313240445141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841311977959627, companyId=1308841313232056532, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841313248833750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841311977959627, companyId=1308841313232056532, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1中国药科大学药学院, 江苏 南京 211198)]), AuthorCompany(id=1308841313315942615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841311977959627, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841313320136920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841311977959627, companyId=1308841313315942615, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Department of Health Science, Jiangsu Vocational Institute of Commerce, Nanjing 211168, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841313328525529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841311977959627, companyId=1308841313315942615, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2江苏经贸职业技术学院健康学院, 江苏 南京 211168)]), AuthorCompany(id=1308841313395634394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841311977959627, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841313404023003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841311977959627, companyId=1308841313395634394, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841313412411612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841311977959627, companyId=1308841313395634394, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3中国药科大学理学院, 江苏 南京 211198)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1308841317132759296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841311977959627, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=heByG9AXuWZ92NTEYJBwEg==, figureFileBig=BV6qLi2+9zfjTgjA29BeLg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841317220839681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841311977959627, language=CN, label=Fig.1, caption=Maximum ultraviolet absorption wavelength of drugs in pH 1.2, 4.5 and 6.8. 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CC-Na: Croscarmellose sodium; CMC-Na: Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose sodium; CMS-Na: Carboxymethyl starch sodium; CS: Corn starch; HPMC: Hypromellose; PVP: Polyvinylpyrrolidone; PS: Pregelatinized starch, figureFileSmall=RqKjtIVuJDBxTTOJwbY5Rg==, figureFileBig=pJ20egmNqb14xf81UStqNw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841317623492868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841311977959627, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=i6BwUsMMJ5rxqW7mDsF9Sw==, figureFileBig=Bjp1qGHhIEOujuGN2gNnaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841317707378949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841311977959627, language=CN, label=Fig.3, caption=Drug-time curves of BST (A) and SIL (B). n = 5, $ \overline{x} $ ± s, figureFileSmall=i6BwUsMMJ5rxqW7mDsF9Sw==, figureFileBig=Bjp1qGHhIEOujuGN2gNnaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841317791265030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841311977959627, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
MediumBST/μg·mL-1SIL/μg·mL-1
pH 1.2< 0.1> 5 000
pH 4.51.00 ± 0.243 780.67 ± 1.56
pH 6.874.60 ± 0.0725.58 ± 0.05
pH 7.4104.96 ± 0.1219.07 ± 0.15
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Saturated solubility of BST and SIL

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MediumBST/μg·mL-1SIL/μg·mL-1
pH 1.2< 0.1> 5 000
pH 4.51.00 ± 0.243 780.67 ± 1.56
pH 6.874.60 ± 0.0725.58 ± 0.05
pH 7.4104.96 ± 0.1219.07 ± 0.15
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FactorDrugParameter $ \overline{X} $ $ A=\left|100-\overline{X}\right| $S $ A+2.2S $Compliance or not
Disintegrant typeBSTCMC-Na11.388.72.995.1×
CC-Na105.15.10.97.0√
CMS-Na103.93.90.95.8√
SILCMC-Na31.069.04.579.0×
CC-Na98.41.62.06.0√
CMS-Na99.20.80.41.6√
Disintegrant contentBST2%102.62.63.39.9√
5%98.91.11.44.2√
8%98.51.51.54.8√
SIL2%103.03.01.97.2√
5%97.82.23.610.1√
8%106.96.93.614.8√
Types of adhesivesBSTH2O105.15.11.27.7√
PVP K30100.70.71.54.0√
HPMC101.21.20.21.6√
SILH2O101.41.42.56.9√
PVP K30103.53.52.89.7√
HPMC103.73.70.44.6√
Type of fillerBSTCS107.17.12.312.2√
CS + PS (2∶1)100.20.21.02.4√
CS + PS (1∶1)107.47.45.419.3×
CS + PS (1∶2)103.53.53.711.6√
PS93.16.91.810.9√
SILCS97.03.01.87.0√
CS + PS (2∶1)91.28.81.913.0√
CS + PS (1∶1)95.34.74.213.9√
CS + PS (1∶2)105.95.96.420.0×
PS104.84.81.99.0√
Filler contentBST8%103.43.42.07.8√
13%101.01.01.44.1√
18%104.64.63.712.7√
SIL8%99.30.73.07.3√
13%101.21.20.93.2√
18%102.72.72.88.9√
MeshBSTUnground93.46.61.29.3√
Grinding through a 100 mesh sieve95.94.11.37.0√
Grinding through a 200 mesh sieve96.23.80.75.3√
SILUnground102.62.61.55.9√
Grinding through a 100 mesh sieve98.91.10.62.4√
Grinding through a 200 mesh sieve101.31.30.52.4√
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Homogeneity of BST and SIL in compounded tablets under factors. n = 3

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FactorDrugParameter $ \overline{X} $ $ A=\left|100-\overline{X}\right| $S $ A+2.2S $Compliance or not
Disintegrant typeBSTCMC-Na11.388.72.995.1×
CC-Na105.15.10.97.0√
CMS-Na103.93.90.95.8√
SILCMC-Na31.069.04.579.0×
CC-Na98.41.62.06.0√
CMS-Na99.20.80.41.6√
Disintegrant contentBST2%102.62.63.39.9√
5%98.91.11.44.2√
8%98.51.51.54.8√
SIL2%103.03.01.97.2√
5%97.82.23.610.1√
8%106.96.93.614.8√
Types of adhesivesBSTH2O105.15.11.27.7√
PVP K30100.70.71.54.0√
HPMC101.21.20.21.6√
SILH2O101.41.42.56.9√
PVP K30103.53.52.89.7√
HPMC103.73.70.44.6√
Type of fillerBSTCS107.17.12.312.2√
CS + PS (2∶1)100.20.21.02.4√
CS + PS (1∶1)107.47.45.419.3×
CS + PS (1∶2)103.53.53.711.6√
PS93.16.91.810.9√
SILCS97.03.01.87.0√
CS + PS (2∶1)91.28.81.913.0√
CS + PS (1∶1)95.34.74.213.9√
CS + PS (1∶2)105.95.96.420.0×
PS104.84.81.99.0√
Filler contentBST8%103.43.42.07.8√
13%101.01.01.44.1√
18%104.64.63.712.7√
SIL8%99.30.73.07.3√
13%101.21.20.93.2√
18%102.72.72.88.9√
MeshBSTUnground93.46.61.29.3√
Grinding through a 100 mesh sieve95.94.11.37.0√
Grinding through a 200 mesh sieve96.23.80.75.3√
SILUnground102.62.61.55.9√
Grinding through a 100 mesh sieve98.91.10.62.4√
Grinding through a 200 mesh sieve101.31.30.52.4√
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AdministrationDosages/mg·kg-1tmax/hCmax/μg·mL-1t1/2/hAUC0-t/μg mL-1·hAbsolute bioavailability/%
BST-PO303.76 ± 1.305.36 ± 3.3820.43 ± 5.3555.63 ± 24.2233.21
BST-Ⅳ60.25 ± 0.0011.96 ± 0.555.35 ± 1.0333.50 ± 4.70
SIL-PO19.60.94 ± 0.771.67 ± 1.1011.41 ± 8.0510.64 ± 2.6727.89
SIL-Ⅳ3.920.25 ± 0.001.34 ± 0.247.00 ± 4.047.63 ± 1.64
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Pharmacokinetic parameters of BST and SIL. n = 5

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AdministrationDosages/mg·kg-1tmax/hCmax/μg·mL-1t1/2/hAUC0-t/μg mL-1·hAbsolute bioavailability/%
BST-PO303.76 ± 1.305.36 ± 3.3820.43 ± 5.3555.63 ± 24.2233.21
BST-Ⅳ60.25 ± 0.0011.96 ± 0.555.35 ± 1.0333.50 ± 4.70
SIL-PO19.60.94 ± 0.771.67 ± 1.1011.41 ± 8.0510.64 ± 2.6727.89
SIL-Ⅳ3.920.25 ± 0.001.34 ± 0.247.00 ± 4.047.63 ± 1.64
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波生坦与西地那非复方片剂的制备及药动学考察
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万光晗 1 , 付豪亮 1 , 陈成 2 , 何伟 1, * , 杨培 3, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2026,61(6): 2297-2305
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药学学报 |研究论文 2026 , 61 (6) : 2297 -2305
波生坦与西地那非复方片剂的制备及药动学考察
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万光晗1, 付豪亮1, 陈成2, 何伟1, * , 杨培3, *
作者信息
  • 1中国药科大学药学院, 江苏 南京 211198
  • 2江苏经贸职业技术学院健康学院, 江苏 南京 211168
  • 3中国药科大学理学院, 江苏 南京 211198
通讯作者:
何伟,E-mail:
杨培,E-mail:
作者简介:

作者贡献:

万光晗为本篇文章的撰写者; 付豪亮负责实验操作; 陈成、杨培和何伟主导了实验设计并修改论文。所有作者都阅读并认可手稿的最终版。

Preparation and pharmacokinetic investigation of bosentan and sildenafil combination tablets
Guang-han WAN1, Hao-liang FU1, Cheng CHEN2, Wei HE1, * , Pei YANG3, *
Affiliations
  • 1School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
  • 2Department of Health Science, Jiangsu Vocational Institute of Commerce, Nanjing 211168, China
  • 3School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
出版时间: 2026-06-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0904
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肺动脉高压(pulmonary hypertension, PH) 是一种以肺血管重构为特征的致命性疾病, 其中动脉性PH (pulmonary arterial hypertension, PAH) 需长期联合药物治疗。本研究针对临床联合用药方案复杂、患者依从性差的问题, 开发波生坦(bosentan, BST) 与枸橼酸西地那非(sildenafil citrate, SIL) 复方片剂。通过处方前研究建立了pH 1.2、4.5、6.8条件下的HPLC含量测定方法, 证实BST溶解度随pH升高而增加, SIL则相反。采用湿法制粒工艺、以溶出度和含量均匀度为核心指标优化处方, 确定最佳组成为47.8% BST、31.2% SIL、8%~18%玉米淀粉-预胶化淀粉(2∶1)、2%~8%羧甲基淀粉钠、3%山嵛酸甘油酯及1%硬脂酸镁。质量评价显示片剂符合药典标准, 稳定性良好。SD大鼠药动学研究表明, 复方片剂中BST和SIL的tmax分别为3.76和0.94 h, 与市售制剂相当, 且半衰期分别延长3和2倍。该复方制剂通过简化给药方案(43 mg BST + 28 mg SIL, 每日3次) 显著提高患者依从性。两药在同一时间段可以达到血药浓度, 为在药效学层面实现协同作用创造了有利的药代动力学条件。这一特性使该复方制剂有望成为PAH治疗的一种潜在新策略。研究获得中国药科大学动物伦理委员会批准(批准编号: YSL-202505069), 所有实验均符合伦理规范。

动脉性肺动脉高压  /  波生坦  /  西地那非  /  联合治疗  /  药动学研究

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a fatal disease characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling, in which pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) requires long-term combination drug therapy. In this study, we developed bosentan (BST) and sildenafil citrate (SIL) combination tablets to address the complexity of clinical combination drug regimens and poor patient compliance. An HPLC method for the determination of the content at pH 1.2, 4.5 and 6.8 was established through pre-prescription studies, which confirmed that the solubility of BST increased with the increase of pH, while the opposite was true for SIL. The prescription was optimized using wet granulation process with dissolution and content uniformity as the core indexes, and the optimal composition was determined as 47.8% BST, 31.2% SIL, 8%-18% maize starch-pre-gelatinized starch (2∶1), 2%-8% sodium carboxymethyl starch, 3% behenic acid glycerol ester and 1% magnesium stearate. Quality evaluation showed that the tablets complied with pharmacopoeial standards and had good stability. Pharmacokinetic studies in SD rats showed that the tmax of BST and SIL in the compounded tablets were 3.76 and 0.94 h, respectively, which were comparable to those of the commercially available preparations and the half-life was extended by 3-fold and 2-fold, respectively. This compound preparation significantly improves patient compliance by simplifying the dosing regimen (43 mg BST+28 mg SIL, 3 times daily). The two drugs can reach blood drug concentration at the same time, creating favorable pharmacokinetic conditions for achieving synergistic effects at the pharmacological level. This characteristic makes the compound preparation a potential new strategy for the treatment of PAH. The study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of China Pharmaceutical University, and all experiments complied with ethical regulations (Approval number: YSL-202505069).

pulmonary arterial hypertension  /  bosentan  /  sildenafil  /  combination therapy  /  pharmacokinetic study
万光晗, 付豪亮, 陈成, 何伟, 杨培. 波生坦与西地那非复方片剂的制备及药动学考察. 药学学报, 2026 , 61 (6) : 2297 -2305 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0904
Guang-han WAN, Hao-liang FU, Cheng CHEN, Wei HE, Pei YANG. Preparation and pharmacokinetic investigation of bosentan and sildenafil combination tablets[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2026 , 61 (6) : 2297 -2305 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0904
肺动脉高压(pulmonary arterial hypertension, PAH) 是由多种原因引起肺动脉功能或结构改变的疾病, 其病程进展可导致患者右心室衰竭甚至死亡[1]。PAH的核心病理生理机制在于血管活性物质的失衡: 血管收缩介质(如内皮素-1) 的表达上调, 而血管舒张介质[如一氧化氮(NO) 和前列环素] 表达下调, 导致肺血管收缩[2]。基于这些病理机制, FDA已经批准13种特异性药物或剂型, 用于调控血管舒缩平衡。这些药物通过减少血管收缩介质、增加血管扩张介质, 实现血管舒张、抑制细胞增殖和血管重塑等作用, 有效延缓PAH的进展[3-7]。
然而, 随着疾病进展, 单靶点治疗药物的疗效往往受限, 作用于多条病理通路的联合疗法已成为提升疗效、改善预后的标准策略[8, 9]。其中, 内皮素受体拮抗剂-波生坦(bosentan BST) 与5型磷酸二酯酶抑制剂-枸橼酸西地那非(sildenafil citrate, SIL) 的联用是PAH一线治疗的基石。这两种药物分别靶向内皮素和NO信号通路, 在作用机制上形成互补。
值得注意的是, 二者存在复杂的药物代谢动力学(pharmacokinetics, PK) 相互作用: BST通过诱导CYP3A4酶, 加速SIL的代谢, 可能降低其血药浓度; 而SIL能抑制有机阴离子转运多肽, 减少BST被肝脏摄取, 从而提高其血药暴露水平[10]。这两种机制虽然会使BST血药浓度升高和SIL血药浓度降低, 但是大量的临床研究和长期的临床实践证实, 对于许多中重度PAH患者, 此联合方案临床疗效优于单药治疗[11]。这表明两种药物在药效学上的协同作用足以克服其在PK上的负面影响。
然而, 传统联合疗法的临床应用面临着一个严峻挑战——给药负担严重。患者需每日服用两次BST和3次SIL, 如此复杂的方案严重影响了治疗依从性, 导致漏服或错服。这不仅会破坏稳态血药浓度, 削弱药物协同效应, 最终还可能影响治疗效果与患者预后。因此, 开发一种能简化给药方案、提高患者依从性的新型制剂, 对于优化PAH联合治疗至关重要。
基于以上背景, 本研究旨在开发一种每日3次的BST与SIL口服复方片剂, 以解决当前联合用药方案繁琐、患者依从性差的问题。首先, 通过处方工艺筛选与优化, 制备出符合溶出度和含量均匀度等药学质量标准的复方片剂; 其次, 在体内评价该制剂的PK特性, 两种药物具有血药浓度时程的同步暴露, 为实现ET-1和NO通路协同治疗提供了PK理论基础。本研究期望为PAH患者提供一种疗效更优、用药更便捷的治疗新策略, 并为同类多组分固体制剂的研发提供有价值的实验依据和技术参考。
药品与试剂  波生坦原料药(109281B, 上海阿达玛斯试剂有限公司); 西地那非原料药(BGX103, 上海毕得医药科技股份有限公司); N-去甲基西地那非(J16A10H95420, 上海源叶生物科技有限公司); 对羟基苯甲酸丁酯(K2126015, 上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司); 玉米淀粉(CS, 20230714法国罗盖特有限公司); 羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na, 20240919湖北葛店人福药用辅料有限公司); 羟丙甲纤维素(HPMC, C15602734深圳市优普惠药品股份有限公司); 交联羧甲基纤维素钠(CC-Na, F20209990136)、山嵛酸甘油酯(GMS, F20209990110) 购自江西阿尔法高科药业有限公司; 预胶化淀粉(PS, F20170000210)、羧甲基淀粉钠(CMS-Na, F20170000206)、聚维酮K30 (PVP-K30, F20170000217)、硬脂酸镁(MS, F20170000205) 购自安徽山河药用辅料股份有限公司; 甲醇、乙腈(色谱纯, 美国Fisher公司); 其他试剂均为市售分析纯。
仪器  高效液相色谱仪(DGU-20A3R, 岛津中国有限公司); 单冲压片机(DP30A, 北京国药龙立科技有限公司); 氮吹仪(L-128, 北京来亨科技有限公司); 恒温恒湿培养箱(LRHS-80-I, 湖州烔创科技有限公司); 水浴恒温振荡器(SHA-C, 金坛市城东宏业实验仪器厂); 离心机(TGL-16, 湖南湘仪实验室仪器开发公司); 紫外分光光度计(UV-1800PC, 上海美谱达仪器有限公司); 智能溶出试验仪(ZRS-8G, 天津市天大天发科技有限公司)。
实验动物  SPF级SD大鼠, 雄性, 体重(215 ± 15) g, 由南京青龙山动物繁殖中心提供, 合格证号: SCXK (苏) 2024-0003。所有动物实验均符合动物伦理委员会标准(批准编号: YSL-202505069)。
处方前研究
溶液配制BST和SIL储备液  分别精密称取BST或SIL原料药适量, 用甲醇超声溶解并分别稀释制成1 mg·mL-1的BST储备液和SIL储备液。
空白辅料储备液  精密称取适量混合辅料, 置10 mL量瓶中, 加入适量甲醇超声溶解并定容。将上述溶液经0.22 μm滤膜过滤, 所得滤液稀释后即得空白辅料储备液。
标准品溶液  分别取适量BST和SIL储备液(1 mg·mL-1), 用流动相超声溶解并定容, 最终配制成43 μg·mL-1的BST标准品溶液和28 μg·mL-1的SIL标准品溶液。
供试品溶液  分别称取BST和SIL适量, 用流动相超声溶解并定容至10 mL。取一定量的溶液以6 000 r·min-1离心10 min后, 上清液用0.22 μm微孔滤膜过滤。取续滤液适量用流动相稀释制成每1 mL约含BST 43 μg、SIL 28 μg的供试品溶液。
缓冲液  由浓盐酸溶于水后经氢氧化钠调节pH得到0.1 mol·L-1 pH 1.2盐酸溶液; 由磷酸二氢钾溶于水后经磷酸调节pH制得50 mmol·L-1 pH 4.5磷酸盐缓冲液; 由磷酸二氢钾水溶液经氢氧化钠调节pH制得50 mmol·L-1 pH 6.8磷酸盐缓冲液。
分析方法建立  紫外全波长扫描分别取BST、SIL或者空白辅料储备液与等体积pH 1.2盐酸溶液、pH 4.5磷酸盐缓冲液与pH 6.8磷酸盐缓冲液适量混匀, 制备成相应供试品溶液。参考《中华人民共和国药典》 (2020年版三部通则0401紫外-可见分光光度法), 分别以相应pH值的介质为空白, 在200~400 nm对样品进行全波长扫描。根据记录的紫外吸收数据, 以波长为横坐标, 吸光度为纵坐标作图。
体外样品含量测定条件  pH 1.2和pH 4.5时, 流动相: 磷酸盐缓冲液(pH 3.0)∶乙腈= 26∶74; pH 6.8时, 流动相: 磷酸盐缓冲液(pH 5.5)∶乙腈= 26∶74。其余条件为: 色谱柱: Diamonsil C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm); 流速: 1.0 mL·min-1; 检测波长: 273 nm (BST)/290 nm (SIL); 柱温: 40 ℃; 进样体积: 10 μL。
方法学考察
专属性  取标准品溶液、供试品溶液和空白辅料溶液, 分别进样并记录色谱图, 评价空白辅料是否对BST和SIL的测定存在干扰。
线性和精密度  在pH 1.2、4.5和6.8条件下, 分别用流动相稀释BST和SIL储备液, 配制一系列不同浓度的对照品溶液。各取10 μL进样, 记录色谱图峰面积。分别以药物质量浓度(C) 为横坐标, 峰面积(A) 为纵坐标, 作线性回归分析。同一份供试品溶液于一天内连续进样6次, 记录色谱峰面积, 计算相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation, RSD), 考察日内精密度。由不同实验人员在不同日期进样供试品溶液, 记录峰面积, 计算RSD, 考察中间精密度。
稳定性  于0、3、6、9、12、24 h分别取供试品溶液进样, 记录峰面积并计算RSD值, 考察溶液在24 h内的稳定性。
回收率  分别按80%、100%、120%的标示量称取BST和SIL原料药, 置于10 mL量瓶中, 按处方比例加入辅料, 流动相超声溶解后定容。离心后取上清液用0.22 μm微孔滤膜过滤, 滤液用流动相稀释, 分别制得所需质量浓度的BST溶液和SIL溶液。各供试品溶液进样后记录峰面积, 按标准曲线计算实测质量浓度, 回收率(%) = (实测峰面积/理论峰面积) ×100%。
不同介质中的药物饱和溶解度考察  采用摇瓶法测定BST和SIL在pH 1.2、4.5、6.8及7.4四种介质中的饱和溶解度。具体操作如下: 向10 mL各介质中加入过量药物, 超声溶解后在37 ℃下恒温振荡24 h以达到溶解平衡。取上清液, 经0.45 μm微孔滤膜过滤, 取续滤液(必要时用流动相稀释) 进行色谱分析。采用外标法, 通过与标准品的峰面积比较, 计算其饱和溶解度。
原辅料相容性考察  查阅药用辅料手册进行前期调研, 以了解原料药与辅料之间及辅料与辅料之间的相互作用, 避免选择不合适的辅料。重点考察原料药与填充剂、崩解剂、黏合剂等辅料的相容性, 并记录其性状和含量的变化。
复方片剂的制备和稳定性考察
参考BST和SIL的上市药物Tracleer和Revatio, 拟定复方片剂中BST的规格为43 mg, SIL的规格为28 mg。
处方筛选和制备工艺的确立  在片剂质量评价中, 溶出度与含量均匀度是两项关键指标。溶出度反映了药物从片剂中释放的能力, 影响药物的吸收和生物利用度; 而含量均匀度则确保了每片中药物各成分含量的一致性, 避免成分分布不均而影响药物安全性和有效性。由于复方片剂组成复杂, 除BST和SIL之外, 复方片剂处方含有填充剂、黏合剂、崩解剂。崩解剂通过促进水分渗透与片剂解体来影响药物的溶出行为, 黏合剂通过提供内聚力影响颗粒成型、片剂硬度, 进而影响崩解与溶出; 填充剂则主要通过流动性、可压性对含量均匀度产生影响[12]。因此, 本研究以溶出度和含量均匀度为指标, 通过考察崩解剂(CMC-Na、CC-Na、CMS-Na)、黏合剂(PVP、HPMC、H2O), 以及填充剂(CS、PS、CS + PS) 的种类和用量来确定最优处方; 通过系统考察湿法制粒参数、整理筛网目数及压片工艺适配性, 确定片剂的最终制备工艺。
溶出度  采用桨法, 溶出介质为含1%十二烷基硫酸钠的pH 1.2盐酸溶液(体积900 mL), 温度为37 ℃, 转速设定为50 r·min-1。于5、10、15、30、45、60 min时间节点取样10 mL, 同时补充10 mL相同溶出介质。参考有关质量标准要求[13], BST在45 min时累计溶出量应≥ 80% (标示量), SIL在5 min时累计溶出量应≥ 80% (标示量)。含量均匀度根据《中华人民共和国药典》 (2025年版) 四部通则0941含量均匀度检查法, 测定单剂量制剂符合标示量的程度。根据考察结果对复方片剂进行处方优化, 确定片剂的最优处方组成和制备工艺。
质量评价和稳定性研究  参考《中华人民共和国药典》 (2025年版) 评价复方片剂的外观性状、重量差异、硬度、脆碎度和溶出度; 参考《化学药物(原料药和制剂) 稳定性研究技术指导原则(修订) 》, 考察高温、高湿和光照对制剂的影响, 以及制剂对加速实验和长期实验的稳定性。
体内药动学考察
给药方案及血样采集  将10只雄性SD大鼠随机分为口服灌胃组(BST 30 mg·kg-1 + SIL 19.6 mg·kg-1) 和静脉注射组(BST 6 mg·kg-1 + SIL 3.92 mg·kg-1, n = 5)。于给药后0.083、0.25、0.5、1、2、3、5、7、9、24 h通过眼眶后静脉丛取血0.5 mL, 置于预肝素化EP管中, 于3 000 r·min-1离心10 min, 分离血浆后-80 ℃条件下保存待测。SIL在体内经细胞色素P450酶介导代谢生成主要活性代谢物N-去甲基SIL (药理活性为原药的50%), 其血浆暴露量与原形药物共同构成总药理活性物质基础。因此, 本实验采用HPLC法同步定量血浆中SIL及其活性代谢物质量浓度, 并以两者的总血药浓度表征SIL体内暴露量(AUC0-∞)。
血浆样品的处理方法  取150 μL血浆样品, 依次加入50 μL内标工作液(internal standard, IS, 对羟基苯甲酸丁酯, 40 μg·mL-1) 和50 μL NaOH (5 mol·L-1), 涡旋30 s, 再加入1 mL乙酸乙酯涡旋3 min, 于4 ℃条件下5 000 r·min-1离心15 min。吸取上清液并用氮气流吹干, 用流动相溶解复溶得到血浆供试品溶液。
血浆样品溶液配制方法  血浆对照品溶液: 分别取25 μL的BST、SIL或者N-去甲基SIL储备液(均为300 μg·mL-1) 和125 μL空白血浆混匀, 加入50 μL IS和50 μL NaOH (5 mol·L-1), 涡旋30 s, 后续操作同“血浆样品的处理方法”, 得到不同质量浓度的血浆对照品溶液。
空白血浆  取200 μL空白血浆, 加入50 μL NaOH (5 mol·L-1), 后续操作同“血浆样品的处理方法”, 得到空白血浆溶液。
血浆样品测定条件  色谱柱: Diamonsil C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm); 流动相: 乙腈(A)-磷酸盐缓冲液(pH 5.7, B), 进行梯度洗脱: 0.00~0.01 min, 20% A; 0.01~30.00 min, 20%~30% A; 30.00~30.01 min, 30%~20% A; 30.01~45.00 min, 20% A。流速: 1.0 mL·min-1; 柱温: 40 ℃; 检测波长: 230 nm; 进样量: 20 μL。
血浆样品含量测定方法学验证
专属性  取适量BST、SIL和N-去甲基SIL的血浆对照品溶液混匀, 以及空白血浆溶液进样并记录色谱图。
线性  考察按照“血浆样品溶液的配制”下的“血浆对照品溶液”配制0.1、1、10、50、100 μg·mL-1的BST、SIL和N-去甲基SIL血浆对照品溶液, 分别进样并记录色谱图峰面积。以质量浓度C为横坐标, 药物峰面积(As) 和内标峰面积(Ai) 的比值为纵坐标, 作线性回归分析。
精密度和稳定性  同处方前研究中“精密度”和“稳定性”, 将血浆对照品溶液进样分析, 记录目标物于内标物的色谱图峰面积之比, 计算RSD值。
血浆样品回收率  精密配制低(80%)、中(100%)、高(120%) 3个质量浓度水平的药物储备液, 分别加入空白血浆制备质控样品, 后续操作同“血浆样品的处理方法”。同时, 以相同质量浓度药物标准溶液(不含血浆基质) 作为对照品平行处理。通过上述检测方法测定待测物与内标(IS) 的峰面积比, 根据公式(1) 计算各质量浓度的回收率。
$\begin{aligned}\text { 回收率 }(\%)=&(\text {加标样品峰面积比/对照品峰面积 }\\&\text { 比) } \times 100 \%\end{aligned}$
血药浓度测定  按照“血浆样品的处理方法”处理动物实验血浆样品, 得到供试品溶液, 经进样分析记录各色谱峰面积, 后将峰面积比代入标准曲线方程计算各时间点血浆药物浓度。
统计学处理  采用Phoenix WinNonlin 8.3软件进行非房室模型分析, 拟合药-时曲线并计算主要药动学参数。所有数据均采用GraphPad Prism 8.0进行统计学分析, 并均以平均值±标准差($ \overline{x} $ ± s) 表示, P < 0.05认为差异具有统计学意义。
图1显示BST、SIL和辅料在pH 1.2、4.5和6.8介质中的紫外吸收结果。BST的最大吸收波长为230和273 nm, SIL的最大吸收波长为230和290 nm。辅料没有紫外吸收, 对两个药物没有干扰。由于体外研究需测定不同pH下的药物含量, 且BST和SIL分别在273和290 nm时吸收峰更为一致, 所以BST选择273 nm, SIL选择290 nm。
pH 1.2和4.5时, BST和SIL的出峰时间分别为2.5和4.2 min, 两峰的分离度为6.5 > 1.5, 符合要求; pH 6.8时, BST和SIL的出峰时间相反, 两峰的分离度为6.0 > 1.5, 符合要求。在两种pH下峰形良好且辅料无干扰。
采用最小二乘法进行线性回归运算。在pH 1.2和4.5时, BST和SIL的回归方程分别为y = 16 486.1x + 2 812.3 (R2 = 0.99) 和y = 12 333.6x - 1 383.9 (R2 = 0.99), 表明两种药物在质量浓度为0.1~100 μg·mL-1均具有良好的线性关系(其中y代表药物峰面积, x为质量浓度)。在pH 6.8条件下, BST和SIL的回归方程分别为y = 22 498.4x - 15 882.6 (R2 = 0.99) 和y = 13 247.4x - 10 438.9 (R2 = 0.99), 呈现出分别在质量浓度为0.1~100 μg·mL-1 (BST) 与0.8~80 μg·mL-1 (SIL) 线性关系良好。
精密度方面, 在pH 1.2和4.5条件下, 43 μg mL-1 BST和28 μg·mL-1 SIL的日内精密度(RSD) 分别为0.27%和0.42%, 中间精密度分别为0.36%和0.46%; 在pH 6.8条件下, 日内精密度分别为0.47%和0.32%, 中间精密度分别为0.04%和0.41%, 所有结果均低于2%, 符合分析方法学的相关要求, 表明本方法具有良好的重复性和中间精密度。
在pH 1.2和4.5条件下, 43 μg·mL-1 BST和28 μg·mL-1 SIL的稳定性RSD分别为0.89%和0.72%; 在pH 6.8条件下, 稳定性RSD分别为0.11%和0.42%。所有RSD均小于2%, 符合方法学要求, 表明BST和SIL供试品溶液在3种pH环境下24 h内均保持稳定。
在pH 1.2和4.5时, BST和SIL的平均回收率分别为(100.29 ± 1.40)%和(99.81 ± 1.20)%, 在pH 6.8时, 分别为(99.95 ± 1.44)%和(99.69 ± 0.73)%。所有回收率均在98%~102%, 且RSD值均小于2%, 符合分析方法学要求, 表明该方法具有良好的准确性。
两药饱和溶解度考察结果如表1所示, 溶解度均呈现pH依赖性。BST的溶解度随pH的升高而增加, SIL的溶解度随pH的升高而减少。两药饱和溶解度由pH 4.5到6.8变化最显著, 与分析方法的专属性结果对应, 也证实了在pH 1.2、4.5和6.8分别建立色谱方法的必要性。此外, 由两药饱和溶解度结果可以预期BST和SIL在不同pH条件下的溶出速度存在差异。
BST与SIL、BST与辅料的相容性结果中, 除BST + CS和BST + PS的高湿组轻微吸湿, 其他组性状无明显变化。BST原料药含量变化 < 2%。
SIL与辅料的相容性结果中, 除SIL + CS和SIL + PS的高湿组轻微吸湿, 其他组性状无明显变化。SIL原料药含量变化 < 2%, 说明辅料对药物无显著影响, 原辅料相容性良好。
如图2和表2所示, 不同崩解剂、黏合剂和填充剂的种类及用量对药物溶出度和含量均匀度产生了影响。结果显示, CMS-Na与CC-Na均在15 min溶出度超过85%, 但CMS-Na含量均匀度更优, 故选为崩解剂。进一步对CMS-Na用量的考察表明, 在2%~8%的各组溶出度和含量均匀度均符合要求。在黏合剂筛选中, PVP K30、HPMC和H2O在溶出曲线和含量均匀度上表现相近。基于处方简化, 选用H2O为润湿剂已能提供足够的黏合力以形成良好的颗粒, 并保证压片过程的顺利进行。在填充剂选择上, 仅用PS会减缓BST溶出; 而单独使用CS虽然可以完全溶出, 但制备过程的颗粒细粉较多, 流动性差。在CS和PS复合体系中, CS + PS (1∶1) 和CS + PS (1∶2) 组的含量均匀度不符合要求, 而CS + PS (2∶1) 组表现出最佳的含量均匀度, 这可能是由于较高比例的CS提供了必要的可压性, 且适量PS改善了CS的流动性问题, 两者达到了一个最佳的平衡点。因此, 最终确定CS与PS以2∶1作为复方片剂的填充剂。进一步对CS + PS (2∶1) 用量的考察表明, 含8%~18% CS + PS (2∶1) 作为填充剂的处方, 溶出曲线和含量均匀度均符合要求。在筛网目数上, 100和200目均能满足溶出曲线和含量均匀度的要求。
综上, 最终确定的最优处方为: 47.8% BST、31.2% SIL、8%~18% CS + PS (2∶1)、2%~8% CMS-Na、3%山嵛酸甘油酯和1% MS。片剂的制备工艺为常规的湿法制粒, 即将药物和辅料混匀, 制软材, 制湿颗粒, 干燥后筛整粒, 加入掩味剂和润滑剂混匀压片即得。
复方片剂的外观光滑平整, 色泽均匀, 直径为6.1 mm, 厚度约为2 mm。其重量差异在± 7.5%范围内, 具有适宜的硬度(58.8 N) 和脆碎度(< 1%)。片剂在不同pH条件下均有溶出曲线相似, 且重现性良好。复方片剂的稳定性研究表明, 制剂对高温、高湿和光照环境均不敏感, 在加速和长期试验中外观和重量无明显变化、含量和溶出度变化 < 5%, 具有较好的稳定性。但长期试验只进行了3个月, 有效期的确定仍需进一步的实验来验证。
N-去甲基SIL、BST、SIL及IS均显示良好峰形, 保留时间分别为18.1、22.6、25.0和26.0 min, 各成分之间分离度均大于1.5, 符合要求。空白血浆未见干扰, 表明本方法专属性良好。
采用最小二乘法进行线性回归运算。BST、SIL和N-去甲基SIL的回归方程分别为y = 1.87x (R2 = 0.99)、y = 1.65x (R2 = 0.99) 和y = 1.49x (R2 = 0.99), y代表药物与内标物的峰面积比值, x代表药物质量浓度, 回归方程表明BST、SIL和N-去甲基SIL在0.1~100 μg·mL-1质量浓度范围内线性关系良好。
精密度方面, BST、SIL、N-去甲基SIL的日内精密度RSD值分别为1.42%、1.50%和1.81%, 中间精密度RSD值分别为0.80%、1.67%和1.44%, RSD均在2%以内, 满足生物样品定量分析要求。
BST、SIL、N-去甲基SIL的稳定性RSD值分别为1.32%、1.66%和1.53%, 均小于2%, 符合生物样品定量分析要求。
BST、SIL和N-去甲基SIL的平均回收率分别为(82.48 ± 0.69)%、(84.81 ± 0.34)%和(87.17 ± 1.59)%, RSD值均在2%以内, 符合生物样本测定方法学要求。
BST和SIL的药时曲线如图3所示, 相关药动学参数见表3。结果显示, 复方片剂口服后BST的半衰期(t1/2) 为20.43 ± 5.35 h, 约为上市药物Tracleer (5~7 h) 的3倍[14]; SIL的t1/2为11.41 ± 8.05 h, 较上市药物Revatio (3~5 h) 延长约2倍[15]。两药的tmax分别为3~5 h (BST) 和1~2 h (SIL), 与上市药物一致, 提示起效速度相似。
半衰期延长使两药均能在体内维持较长时间的有效血药浓度, 理论上可支持每日3次给药方案, 从而有望减少给药频率, 提高患者依从性。此外, 在BST达峰时, SIL仍处于有效质量浓度区间, 表明两药的药效覆盖时间高度重叠。鉴于BST与SIL分别通过抑制ET-1和激活NO通路来协同调节血管舒张, 这种PK层面的时间重叠为二者协同改善血流动力学提供了关键的理论依据。上述结果为PAH的联合用药策略提供了新的药动学基础和理论支持。
本研究成功开发了含BST与SIL的复方片剂, 并系统评估了其理化性质、制备工艺及体内药动学表现。处方前研究发现, 两种成分在溶解度方面呈互补趋势: BST的溶解度随pH的升高而增加, 而SIL在酸性介质中溶出迅速且完全。这一特性为两种药物的共释放提出了制剂学挑战。紫外光谱分析明确了BST和SIL的最大吸收波长分别为273和290 nm, 为建立双波长高效定量分析方法提供了依据。通过单因素实验优化, 确立了最终处方为: 47.8% BST、31.2% SIL、8%~18% CS + PS (2∶1) 为填充剂、2%~8% CMS-Na作为崩解剂、3%山嵛酸甘油酯作为润滑剂及1% MS作为助流剂。处方比例在实验室条件下具有良好的含量均匀度与溶出一致性, 且片剂稳定性优异, 显示出较强的工艺可行性。
体内药动学研究表明, 该复方片剂兼具快速起效和长效维持的双重优势。与单药给药相比, 复方给药显著延长BST和SIL的半衰期(分别达20.43和11.41 h), 约为单药的3和2倍, 为每日3次的给药方案提供了充分的PK支持, 有望提升患者的用药依从性。血药浓度-时间曲线分析表明, 当BST血药浓度达到峰值时, SIL仍能维持在有效治疗浓度, 实现了两药作用时间重叠, 为BST抑制ET-1通路与SIL激活NO通路在同一时段协同治疗PAH提供了坚实的PK依据。
在体外-体内相关性(in vitro-in vivo correlation, IVIVC) 方面, SIL在酸性条件下的快速溶出与其体内生物利用度下降之间存在一定差异, 提示有必要进行更深入的相关性探讨或初步评估, 包括比较不同pH条件下的体外溶出曲线与体内药动学参数(如AUC与Cmax) 的关系。这一工作不仅有助于解释现有结果, 也为后续制剂质量一致性评价和工艺放大过程中的稳定性监控提供参考。
为了解决以上问题及推进该制剂的临床转化, 后续研究可从以下几方面展开: ①建立模拟胃肠道环境的梯度pH溶出方法, 通过完善体外酶环境更准确地预测SIL在体内的溶出与吸收行为, 以提高IVIVC的预测精度; ②在更贴近人类生理的大型动物模型(如比格犬) 以及PAH病理模型中开展药效学与毒理学研究, 以加强临床转化预测的可靠性; ③探索固体分散等先进制剂技术或适度增加SIL剂量, 弥补其在复方中的暴露减少[16]; ④在生产工艺放大过程中, 对混合均匀度、剪切力及温度等关键参数进行系统验证, 以确保不同批次的质量一致性。
综上, 该BST-SIL复方片剂在PK匹配、稳定性和联合治疗优势方面表现突出, 具备作为PAH治疗新型制剂的应用潜力。通过开展更系统的IVIVC研究、优化制剂处方与工艺条件, 并在更接近临床的模型中验证疗效, 有望加快其产业化和临床推广进程。

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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0904
  • 接收时间:2025-08-02
  • 首发时间:2026-09-21
  • 出版时间:2026-06-12
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  • 收稿日期:2025-08-02
  • 修回日期:2025-12-31
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    1中国药科大学药学院, 江苏 南京 211198
    2江苏经贸职业技术学院健康学院, 江苏 南京 211168
    3中国药科大学理学院, 江苏 南京 211198

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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