Article(id=1308816765761708649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308816657934541639, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0894, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1753718400000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-29, revisedDate=1762444800000, revisedDateStr=2025-11-07, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789975833597, onlineDateStr=2026-09-21, pubDate=1768147200000, pubDateStr=2026-01-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789975833597, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789975833597, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789975833597, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1308816657934541639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2026', volume='61', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='320', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1768147200000', pubDateStr='2026-01-12', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789975807888, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789984282344, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1308852202421191556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308816657934541639, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1308852202421191557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308816657934541639, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=252, endPage=260, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1308816765988201066, articleId=1308816765761708649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Two new sesquiterpene glycosides from the Lycii Cortex, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Thirteen compounds were isolated from the Lycii Cortex by macroporous resin column chromatography, gel column chromatography and semi-preparative high performance liquid chromatography. The structures of the isolated compounds were identified by ultraviolet spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry as solavetivone A (1), solavetivone B (2), 9-hydroxy-3-methoxy-6H-pyrido [1, 2-a] pyrazin-6-one (3), 5, 5′-di(2-ethyl-hexyloxy)-5, 5′-bifuran (4), bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (5), scopoletin (6), periplogenin (7), 3β, 5β-dihydroxy-14-en-card-20(22)-enolide (8), (7R, 8S)-4-hydroxy-3, 5′-dimethoxy-4′, 7-epoxy-8, 3′-neoligna-9, 9′-diol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucopy-ranoside (9), 2-carbomethoxy 3-prenyl-1, 4-naphtho hydroquinone-1, 4-di-O-β-glucoside (10), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl-β-D-xylopyranosyl (1→6)-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (11), syringic acid (12), vanillic acid (13). Compounds 1 and 2 were new sesquiterpene glycosides with solavetivone skeleton. Compounds 4, 8-10 were isolated from Solanaceae for the first time. The bioactive screening results indicate that compounds 1 and 2 do not exhibit inhibitory effects on NO production; however, they demonstrate weak inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase.

, authors=Ying LIU1, Cheng-yuan SU1, Shi-qing YOU1, Xiao-fei YANG1, Jia-yi WU1, Jia-hong LUO1, Fan-hang MENG1, Xin-yue YU1, Bin LIU1, 2, *, Wei ZHANG1, 2, *, authorsList=Ying LIU, Cheng-yuan SU, Shi-qing YOU, Xiao-fei YANG, Jia-yi WU, Jia-hong LUO, Fan-hang MENG, Xin-yue YU, Bin LIU, Wei ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Bin LIU, Wei ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2026 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1308816768852910707, articleId=1308816765761708649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=地骨皮中2个新的倍半萜苷类化合物, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

采用大孔树脂柱色谱、凝胶柱色谱及半制备高效液相色谱法等多种分离技术从地骨皮中分离得到13个化合物, 利用紫外光谱、红外光谱、核磁共振光谱及质谱等多种波谱学技术对分离得到的化合物进行结构鉴定, 分别为solavetivone A (1)、solavetivone B (2)、9-hydroxy-3-methoxy-6H-pyrido[1, 2-a]pyrazin-6-one (3)、5, 5′-di(2-ethyl-hexyloxy)-5, 5′-bifuran (4)、bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (5)、东莨菪内酯(6)、periplogenin (7)、3β, 5β-dihydroxy-14-en-card-20(22)-enolide (8)、(7R, 8S)-4-hydroxy-3, 5′-dimethoxy-4′, 7-epoxy-8, 3′-neoligna-9, 9′-diol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucopy-ranoside (9)、2-carbomethoxy-3-prenyl-1, 4-naphthohydroquinone-1, 4-di-O-β-glucoside (10)、4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl-β-D-xylopyranosyl (1→6)-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (11)、丁香酸(12)、香草酸(13)。化合物1和2为具有solavetivone骨架的新型倍半萜苷, 化合物4、8~10为首次从茄科植物中分离得到。生物活性筛选结果显示, 化合物1和2均不抑制NO生成, 但对α-葡萄糖苷酶具有较弱的抑制活性。

, authors=刘莹1, 苏成园1, 尤诗晴1, 杨晓菲1, 吴嘉怡1, 罗嘉宏1, 孟凡航1, 余新月1, 刘斌1, 2, *, 张薇1, 2, *, authorsList=刘莹, 苏成园, 尤诗晴, 杨晓菲, 吴嘉怡, 罗嘉宏, 孟凡航, 余新月, 刘斌, 张薇, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=刘斌, 张薇, authorNote=

#

共同第一作者.

作者贡献:

苏成园负责化合物的提取分离、结构鉴定; 刘莹负责数据处理和论文撰写; 尤诗晴、杨晓菲、吴嘉怡参与结构鉴定、数据分析处理部分工作; 罗嘉宏、孟凡航、余新月参与论文修改部分工作; 刘斌、张薇对课题研究提供指导和提出写作建议。

, correspAuthorsNote=
刘斌, E-mail:
张薇, Tel: 86-10-53912129, E-mail:
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Chemical Constituents from the Leaves of Hovenia acerba Lindl. and their Inhibitory Activity Against α-Glucosidase (枳椇叶化学成分及其抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性研究) [D]. 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No.Compound 1Compound 2
δH (J, Hz)δCδH (J, Hz)δC
12.31 (1H, dd, J = 13.5, 7.1 Hz, H-α)
1.58 (1H, dd, J = 12.8, 4.9 Hz, H-β)
42.22.25 (1H, dd, J = 13.9, 7.2 Hz, H-α)
1.41 (1H, dd, J = 12.8, 4.9 Hz, H-β)
42.0
22.79 (1H, m)43.81.94 (1H, m)43.9
32.08 (1H, H-α)a
1.69 (1H, H-β)a
34.31.93 (1H, H-α)a
1.30 (1H, m, H-β)
33.0
42.04 (1H, H-a)a
1.70 (1H, H-β)a
35.41.94 (1H, H-a)a
1.66 (1H, m, H-β)
35.2
5‒51.6‒51.9
62.20 (1H, m)40.42.19 (1H, m)40.2
72.75 (1H, m, H-α)
2.17 (1H, dd, J = 12.3, 4.1 Hz, H-β)
43.92.75 (1H, m, H-α)
2.16 (1H, m, H-β)
43.9
8‒202.2‒202.4
95.75 (1H, s)125.85.73 (1H, s)125.7
10‒170.7‒170.3
11‒149.11.68 (1H, m)39.9
125.15 (1H, brs, H-a), 5.02 (1H, brs, H-b)111.61.04 (3H, d, J = 6.7 Hz)16.2
134.41 (1H, d, J = 12.4 Hz, H-a)
4.15 (1H, d, J = 12.4 Hz, H-b)
73.03.44 (1H, H-a)a
3.20 (1H, H-b)a
78.0
141.00 (3H, d, J = 6.7 Hz)16.10.98 (3H, d, J = 6.6 Hz, H-14)16.4
152.01 (3H, d, J = 1.1 Hz)21.22.00 (3H, d, J = 1.2 Hz)21.3
1′4.31 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz)103.44.24 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz)104.9
2′3.24 (1H)a75.93.19 (1H)a75.7
3′3.36 (1H)a78.13.38 (1H)a78.0
4′3.35 (1H)a71.63.34 (1H)a71.6
5′3.49 (1H)a77.13.29 (1H)a77.0
6′4.16 (1H, dd, J = 11.6, 1.8 Hz, H-a)
3.80 (1H, H-b)a
69.94.15 (1H, dd, J = 11.6, 1.9 Hz, H-a)
3.77 (1H, m, H-b)
69.9
1″4.39 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz)104.94.38 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz)104.9
2″3.30 (1H)a75.13.21 (1H)a75.2
3″3.28 (1H)a78.13.66 (1H)a78.0
4″3.22 (1H)a71.63.85 (1H)a71.5
5″3.20 (1H)a75.13.36 (1H)a75.1
6″3.85 (1H, H-a)a
3.65 (1H, m, H-b)
62.83.89 (1H, H-a)a
3.69 (1H, H-b)a
62.8
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1H (400 MHz) and 13C (100 MHz) NMR data for compound 1 and compound 2 (CD3OD). aOverlapping signals do not specify multiple numbers

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No.Compound 1Compound 2
δH (J, Hz)δCδH (J, Hz)δC
12.31 (1H, dd, J = 13.5, 7.1 Hz, H-α)
1.58 (1H, dd, J = 12.8, 4.9 Hz, H-β)
42.22.25 (1H, dd, J = 13.9, 7.2 Hz, H-α)
1.41 (1H, dd, J = 12.8, 4.9 Hz, H-β)
42.0
22.79 (1H, m)43.81.94 (1H, m)43.9
32.08 (1H, H-α)a
1.69 (1H, H-β)a
34.31.93 (1H, H-α)a
1.30 (1H, m, H-β)
33.0
42.04 (1H, H-a)a
1.70 (1H, H-β)a
35.41.94 (1H, H-a)a
1.66 (1H, m, H-β)
35.2
5‒51.6‒51.9
62.20 (1H, m)40.42.19 (1H, m)40.2
72.75 (1H, m, H-α)
2.17 (1H, dd, J = 12.3, 4.1 Hz, H-β)
43.92.75 (1H, m, H-α)
2.16 (1H, m, H-β)
43.9
8‒202.2‒202.4
95.75 (1H, s)125.85.73 (1H, s)125.7
10‒170.7‒170.3
11‒149.11.68 (1H, m)39.9
125.15 (1H, brs, H-a), 5.02 (1H, brs, H-b)111.61.04 (3H, d, J = 6.7 Hz)16.2
134.41 (1H, d, J = 12.4 Hz, H-a)
4.15 (1H, d, J = 12.4 Hz, H-b)
73.03.44 (1H, H-a)a
3.20 (1H, H-b)a
78.0
141.00 (3H, d, J = 6.7 Hz)16.10.98 (3H, d, J = 6.6 Hz, H-14)16.4
152.01 (3H, d, J = 1.1 Hz)21.22.00 (3H, d, J = 1.2 Hz)21.3
1′4.31 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz)103.44.24 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz)104.9
2′3.24 (1H)a75.93.19 (1H)a75.7
3′3.36 (1H)a78.13.38 (1H)a78.0
4′3.35 (1H)a71.63.34 (1H)a71.6
5′3.49 (1H)a77.13.29 (1H)a77.0
6′4.16 (1H, dd, J = 11.6, 1.8 Hz, H-a)
3.80 (1H, H-b)a
69.94.15 (1H, dd, J = 11.6, 1.9 Hz, H-a)
3.77 (1H, m, H-b)
69.9
1″4.39 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz)104.94.38 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz)104.9
2″3.30 (1H)a75.13.21 (1H)a75.2
3″3.28 (1H)a78.13.66 (1H)a78.0
4″3.22 (1H)a71.63.85 (1H)a71.5
5″3.20 (1H)a75.13.36 (1H)a75.1
6″3.85 (1H, H-a)a
3.65 (1H, m, H-b)
62.83.89 (1H, H-a)a
3.69 (1H, H-b)a
62.8
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地骨皮中2个新的倍半萜苷类化合物
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刘莹 1 , 苏成园 1 , 尤诗晴 1 , 杨晓菲 1 , 吴嘉怡 1 , 罗嘉宏 1 , 孟凡航 1 , 余新月 1 , 刘斌 1, 2, * , 张薇 1, 2, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2026,61(1): 252-260
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药学学报 |研究论文 2026 , 61 (1) : 252 -260
地骨皮中2个新的倍半萜苷类化合物
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刘莹1, 苏成园1, 尤诗晴1, 杨晓菲1, 吴嘉怡1, 罗嘉宏1, 孟凡航1, 余新月1, 刘斌1, 2, * , 张薇1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1北京中医药大学中药学院, 北京 102488
  • 2国家中医药管理局"中药经典名方有效物质发现"重点研究室, 北京 102488
通讯作者:
刘斌, E-mail:
张薇, Tel: 86-10-53912129, E-mail:
作者简介:

#

共同第一作者.

作者贡献:

苏成园负责化合物的提取分离、结构鉴定; 刘莹负责数据处理和论文撰写; 尤诗晴、杨晓菲、吴嘉怡参与结构鉴定、数据分析处理部分工作; 罗嘉宏、孟凡航、余新月参与论文修改部分工作; 刘斌、张薇对课题研究提供指导和提出写作建议。

Two new sesquiterpene glycosides from the Lycii Cortex
Ying LIU1, Cheng-yuan SU1, Shi-qing YOU1, Xiao-fei YANG1, Jia-yi WU1, Jia-hong LUO1, Fan-hang MENG1, Xin-yue YU1, Bin LIU1, 2, * , Wei ZHANG1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
  • 2The Key Research Laboratory of "Exploring Effective Substance in Classic and Famous Prescriptions of Traditional Chinese Medicine", The State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People′s Republic of China, Beijing 102488, China
出版时间: 2026-01-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0894
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采用大孔树脂柱色谱、凝胶柱色谱及半制备高效液相色谱法等多种分离技术从地骨皮中分离得到13个化合物, 利用紫外光谱、红外光谱、核磁共振光谱及质谱等多种波谱学技术对分离得到的化合物进行结构鉴定, 分别为solavetivone A (1)、solavetivone B (2)、9-hydroxy-3-methoxy-6H-pyrido[1, 2-a]pyrazin-6-one (3)、5, 5′-di(2-ethyl-hexyloxy)-5, 5′-bifuran (4)、bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (5)、东莨菪内酯(6)、periplogenin (7)、3β, 5β-dihydroxy-14-en-card-20(22)-enolide (8)、(7R, 8S)-4-hydroxy-3, 5′-dimethoxy-4′, 7-epoxy-8, 3′-neoligna-9, 9′-diol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucopy-ranoside (9)、2-carbomethoxy-3-prenyl-1, 4-naphthohydroquinone-1, 4-di-O-β-glucoside (10)、4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl-β-D-xylopyranosyl (1→6)-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (11)、丁香酸(12)、香草酸(13)。化合物1和2为具有solavetivone骨架的新型倍半萜苷, 化合物4、8~10为首次从茄科植物中分离得到。生物活性筛选结果显示, 化合物1和2均不抑制NO生成, 但对α-葡萄糖苷酶具有较弱的抑制活性。

地骨皮  /  化学成分  /  倍半萜苷类化合物  /  枸杞属

Thirteen compounds were isolated from the Lycii Cortex by macroporous resin column chromatography, gel column chromatography and semi-preparative high performance liquid chromatography. The structures of the isolated compounds were identified by ultraviolet spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry as solavetivone A (1), solavetivone B (2), 9-hydroxy-3-methoxy-6H-pyrido [1, 2-a] pyrazin-6-one (3), 5, 5′-di(2-ethyl-hexyloxy)-5, 5′-bifuran (4), bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (5), scopoletin (6), periplogenin (7), 3β, 5β-dihydroxy-14-en-card-20(22)-enolide (8), (7R, 8S)-4-hydroxy-3, 5′-dimethoxy-4′, 7-epoxy-8, 3′-neoligna-9, 9′-diol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucopy-ranoside (9), 2-carbomethoxy 3-prenyl-1, 4-naphtho hydroquinone-1, 4-di-O-β-glucoside (10), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl-β-D-xylopyranosyl (1→6)-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (11), syringic acid (12), vanillic acid (13). Compounds 1 and 2 were new sesquiterpene glycosides with solavetivone skeleton. Compounds 4, 8-10 were isolated from Solanaceae for the first time. The bioactive screening results indicate that compounds 1 and 2 do not exhibit inhibitory effects on NO production; however, they demonstrate weak inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase.

Lycii Cortex  /  chemical composition  /  sesquiterpene glycosides  /  Lycium chinense
刘莹, 苏成园, 尤诗晴, 杨晓菲, 吴嘉怡, 罗嘉宏, 孟凡航, 余新月, 刘斌, 张薇. 地骨皮中2个新的倍半萜苷类化合物. 药学学报, 2026 , 61 (1) : 252 -260 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0894
Ying LIU, Cheng-yuan SU, Shi-qing YOU, Xiao-fei YANG, Jia-yi WU, Jia-hong LUO, Fan-hang MENG, Xin-yue YU, Bin LIU, Wei ZHANG. Two new sesquiterpene glycosides from the Lycii Cortex[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2026 , 61 (1) : 252 -260 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0894
地骨皮为茄科植物枸杞Lycium chinense Mill.或宁夏枸杞Lycium barbarum L.的干燥根皮, 其性寒、味甘, 归肺、肝、肾经, 具有凉血除蒸、清肺降火的功效, 用于治疗阴虚潮热、骨蒸盗汗、肺热咳嗽、咯血、衄血、内热消渴等证[1]。《神农本草经》收载枸杞, 又名“地骨”, 列为上品, 谓: “味苦寒, 主五内邪气, 热中消渴, 周痹, 久服坚筋骨, 轻身不老”[1]。地骨皮中含有酰胺、环肽、苯丙素、生物碱、黄酮、蒽醌、有机酸等多种结构类型的化学成分, 现代药理学研究表明, 地骨皮具有降血压、降血糖、降血脂、解热、抗菌、抗病毒等作用, 在治疗糖尿病、更年期崩漏、功能性低热、非感染发热等疾病方面均取得较好的疗效[2]。前期, 课题组对地骨皮开展了化学成分研究[3-5], 从中分离得到21个糖苷类成分, 包括4个新木脂素苷立体异构体, 并发现了部分糖苷类化合物具有一定的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性。为了进一步全面阐明地骨皮的化学成分类型, 作者对前期的剩余浸膏进行了再研究, 从正丁醇部分又分离了3个少见的新的香根螺烷型倍半萜苷类化合物solavetivone A (1), solavetivone B (2) 和3′-neoligna-9, 9′-diol-(7R, 8S)-4-hydroxy-3, 5′-dimethoxy-4′, 7-epoxy-8, 3′-neoligna-9, 9′-diol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucopy-ranoside (9), 以及10个其他类型的化合物(图1)。化合物1和2为具有solavetivone骨架的新化合物, 化合物4、8~10为首次从茄科植物中分离得到的化合物。生物活性筛选结果显示, 新化合物1和2均不抑制一氧化氮(NO) 生成, 但对α-葡萄糖苷酶具有较弱的抑制活性。
化合物1, 淡黄色粉末(甲醇); 10%硫酸乙醇显橘黄色。紫外光谱显示其在204和241 nm处有最大吸收。红外光谱显示有羰基(1 654 cm-1)、羟基(2 928 cm-1) 和双键(1 376 cm-1) 的特征吸收。高分辨质谱(HR-ESI-MS) 显示m/z 581.256 53 [M+Na]+ (计算值为581.256 85), 推测其分子式为C27H42O12, 相对分子质量558, 不饱和度为7。
1H NMR谱显示: 在低场区存在3个双键质子信号δH 5.75 (1H, s), 5.15 (1H, brs), 5.02 (1H, brs); 中场区存在可能与杂原子相连的烷基质子信号δH 4.41 (1H, d, J = 12.4 Hz), 4.15 (1H, d, J = 12.4 Hz); 高场区存在2个甲基质子信号δH 2.01 (3H, d, J = 1.1 Hz), 1.00 (3H, d, J = 6.7 Hz); 此外, 还可以观察到2个糖的端基质子信号: δH 4.40 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz), 4.31 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz)。
13C NMR谱共显示有27个碳信号, 其中δC 202.2为羰基碳信号; δC 170.7、149.1、125.8、111.6可能为双键碳信号; δC 103.4、78.1、77.1、71.6、75.9、69.9为一组六碳糖信号; δC 104.9、78.1、75.1、75.1、71.1、62.8同样为一组六碳糖信号; δC 16.1、21.2为甲基碳信号; δC 73.0为可能与杂原子相连的碳信号。根据1H、13C、1H-1H COSY、HSQC和HMBC谱信息, 可以对化合物1的碳氢信号进行全归属(表1)。将化合物1的核磁数据与文献[6]报道的melongenaterpene L的核磁数据进行比较, 发现二者的苷元相同, 糖基不同。此外, 在NOESY谱中可观察到H3-14与H-2α、H-3α与H-4α、H-6β与H-1β/H-7β存在相关(图2), 说明该化合物苷元部分的构型与melongenaterpene L相同[6]。同时, 对化合物1进行了圆二色谱(circular dichroism, CD) 测试, 将其CD图谱(图3) 与已知化合物(-)-solavetivone的CD数据进行对比, 发现二者具有相似的Cotton效应[7], 进一步确认了化合物1苷元部分的绝对构型。
进一步将化合物1进行酸水解, 糖部分衍生化后经HPLC分析并与标准糖比较, 可确证该化合物中含有D-葡萄糖(见实验部分), 结合端基氢的偶合常数(J = 7.8 Hz和J = 7.8 Hz) 可推断化合物1结构中存在的两个糖均为β-D-葡萄糖。此外, 在HMBC谱中可以观察到H-1″ (δH 4.39) 与C-6′ (δC 69.9) 存在远程相关, 提示两个β-D-葡萄糖为1→6位相连接; 还可观察到H-1′ (δH 4.31) 与C-13 (δC 73.0) 存在远程相关, 进一步提示倍半萜苷元结构的13位与β-D-葡萄糖的端基碳相连。根据以上信息, 确定化合物1的结构为solavetivone-13-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside, 为一个具有solavetivone骨架且与两个葡萄糖相连的新化合物, 命名为solavetivone A。
化合物2, 淡黄色粉末(甲醇); 10%硫酸乙醇显淡紫色。紫外光谱显示其在207 nm和241 nm处有最大吸收。红外光谱显示有羰基(1 652 cm-1)、羟基(2 928 cm-1) 和双键(1 376 cm-1) 的特征吸收。HR-ESI-MS显示m/z 583.272 83 [M+Na]+ (计算值为583.272 50), 推测其分子式为C27H44O12, 相对分子质量560, 不饱和度为6。
1H NMR谱显示: 在低场区有1个双键质子信号δH 5.73 (1H, s); 在高场区有3个甲基质子信号δH 1.99 (3H, d, J = 1.2 Hz), 1.04 (3H, d, J = 6.7 Hz), 0.98 (3H, d, J = 6.6 Hz); 此外, 还观察到2个糖的端基质子信号: δH 4.38 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz), 4.24 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz)。13C NMR谱共出现27个碳信号, 其中δC 202.4为羰基碳信号; δC 170.3、125.7可能为双键碳信号; δC 104.9、78.0、77.0、75.7、71.6、69.9为一组六碳糖信号; δC 104.9、78.0、75.2、75.1、71.5、62.8为一组六碳糖信号; δC 21.3、16.4、16.2为3个甲基碳信号; δC 78.0可能是与杂原子相连的碳信号。根据1H、13C、1H-1H COSY、HSQC和HMBC谱信息, 可以对化合物2的碳氢信号进行全归属(表1)。将化合物2的核磁数据与化合物1进行对比, 发现二者主要区别是化合物2比化合物1减少了一组双键碳氢信号, 增加了1个孤立甲基的碳氢信号, 推测化合物2为化合物1的双键结构处发生改变。
在HMBC谱中可观察到H-13a (δH 3.44) 与C-2 (δC 43.9)、C-12 (δC 16.2) 存在远程相关; 在1H-1H COSY谱中, 可以观察到H-2 (δH 1.94)↔H-11 (δH 1.68)↔H-12 (δH 1.04) 的自旋偶合体系, 进一步证明化合物2为化合物1结构中C-11、C-12处双键被还原。在NOSEY谱中, 可观察到H-2α与H3-14/H3-12, H-11与H-1β, H-6β与H-7β存在相关, 可确定该化合物的相对构型如图4所示。此外, 运用Gaussian 09软件, 采用含时密度泛函理论(time-dependent density functional theory, TDDFT) 方法分别计算了一对差向异构体[A(11S*) 和B(11R*)] 的理论GIAO NMR屏蔽常数, 所得的理论13C NMR位移分别与实测的NMR数据比较, 进一步确定了化合物2的结构。同时, 对化合物2进行了CD谱测试, 发现化合物2和1具有相似的Cotton效应(图3), 因此确定化合物2的绝对构型为2R, 5S, 6R, 11S。
将化合物2进行酸水解, 糖部分衍生化后经HPLC分析并与标准糖比较(见实验部分), 并结合端基氢的偶合常数(J = 7.8 Hz和J = 7.8 Hz), 可确证化合物2中含有两个β-D-葡萄糖。根据以上信息, 确定化合物2的结构为11-methyl-solavetivone-13-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside, 为一个具有solavetivone骨架且与两个葡萄糖相连的新化合物, 命名为solavetivone B。
通过将核磁数据与文献[8-18]对比, 确定其余11个化合物分别为9-hydroxy-3-methoxy-6H-pyrido[1, 2-a]pyrazin-6-one (3)、5, 5′-di(2-ethyl-hexyloxy)-5, 5′-bifuran (4)、bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (5)、东莨菪内酯(6)、periplogenin (7)、3β, 5β-dihydroxy-14-en-card-20(22)-enolide (8)、(7R, 8S)-4-hydroxy-3, 5′-dimethoxy-4′, 7-epoxy-8, 3′-neoligna-9, 9′-diol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucopy-ranoside (9)、2-carbomethoxy-3-prenyl-1, 4-naphthohydroquinone-1, 4-di-O-β-glucoside (10)、4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl-β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→6)-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (11)、丁香酸(12)、香草酸(13), 具体结构见图1。
本文对化合物1和2抑制脂多糖(lipopolysaccharides, LPS) 诱导的小鼠单核巨噬细胞(RAW264.7) 释放NO的能力进行了测试, 初步评估其抗炎活性。结果表明, 化合物1和2均不抑制NO生成。同时, 本文还对新化合物进行了α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性检测, 选择第一代糖苷酶抑制剂阿卡波糖作为阳性对照药, 当阳性药阿卡波糖在浓度为100 μmol·L-1时, 对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制率为99.8%, 而化合物1和2在100 μmol·L-1时, 对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制率较低, 分别为8.1%和8.3%。
HP380-Pro LCD数控型电加热板、DrsgonLab微量移液枪(大龙兴创实验仪器有限公司); 13KQ-500DE型数控超声波清洗器(昆山市超声仪器有限公司); SHB-ⅢA循环水式多用真空泵(郑州长城科工贸有限公司); Sartorious BT 25 S型十万分之一电子分析天平(北京赛多利斯仪器有限公司); ZF-20D型暗箱式紫外分析仪(上海宝山顾村电光仪器厂); BioTek Epoch全波长酶标仪(美国BioTek公司); THZ恒温培养摇床(上海一恒科学仪器有限公司); UHPLC-Q Exactive Orbitrap MS (ESI离子源, X Calibur 4.2工作站, 美国Thermo Scientific公司); Bruke 400 M、600 M核磁共振波谱仪(德国Bruke公司); Agilent Technologies 1260 infinity Ⅱ高效液相色谱仪(1260 Qual pump, 1260 DAD WR, 1260 Vialsampier) 和Agilent-1260型高效液相色谱仪(G1311C四元泵系统和G1315D二极管阵列检测器) (美国Agilent公司); XBridge® C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) 分析柱(美国Waters公司); YMC-Pack ODS-A (250 mm × 10 mm, 5 μm) 半制备柱(日本YMC株式会社); 柱色谱用ODS (50 μm, YMC产品, 北京绿百草科技发展有限公司分装); Sephadex LH-20 (Pharmacia产品, 北京金欧亚科技发展有限公司分装); 柱色谱用硅胶(60~80和200~300目, 青岛海洋化工厂)。
小鼠RAW264.7单核巨噬细胞(北京协和细胞资源中心); DMEM高糖培养基(美国Gibco公司); 二甲基亚砜(DMSO, 天津致远化学有限公司); 磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS, 美国Corning公司); 噻唑蓝(MTT, 生产货号: BN30793) 和LPS (生产货号: BN32880) (北京百瑞极生物科技有限公司); 0.22 μm细胞过滤器(德国Merck Millipore公司, 生产货号: SLGP033RB); 胎牛血清(以色列Biological Industries公司); NO试剂盒(常州百瑞吉生物医药有限公司); 磷酸二氢钠和磷酸氢二钠(北京益利精细化学有限公司); 无水碳酸钠(西安化学试剂厂); α-葡萄糖苷酶(生产货号: S10050)、吲哚美辛(生产货号: B27001)、阿卡波糖(生产货号: B20003) 和对硝基苯基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(PNPG, 生产货号: S10137, 上海源叶生物有限公司)。
地骨皮经北京中医药大学杨瑶珺教授鉴定为茄科枸杞属植物宁夏枸杞(Lycium barbarum L.) 的干燥根皮, 药材留样100.0 g保存于北京中医药大学中药学院B419实验室。
将课题组前期萃取得到的乙酸乙酯部位(84.8 g) 加水分散, 盐酸酸化至pH 2, 二氯甲烷萃取, 酸水层加氨水调为pH 10, 用二氯甲烷萃取, 得到二氯甲烷部位(5.9 g); 二氯甲烷部位(5.9 g) 经硅胶柱色谱分离, 石油醚-甲醇(100∶0→0∶100) 梯度洗脱, 经过薄层色谱进行检识, 合并得到21个不同极性的流分(A1~A21)。A8 (325.0 mg) 经凝胶柱色谱(二氯甲烷-甲醇, 1∶1) 分离, 薄层检识合并得到3个流分(A8a~A8c)。A8a (28.6 mg) 经半制备液相(甲醇-水, 35∶65) 制备得到化合物3 (8.4 mg, 23 min)。A14-A15 (759.7 mg) 经凝胶柱色谱(二氯甲烷-甲醇, 1∶1) 分离, 薄层检识合并得到3个流分(A14-15a~A14-15c)。A14-15c (182.6 mg) 经半制备液相(甲醇-水, 95∶5) 制备得到化合物5 (20.6 mg, 17 min) 和4 (40.5 mg, 27 min)。
正丁醇部位(235.7 g) 加水分散, 盐酸酸化至pH为2, 二氯甲烷萃取, 酸水层加氨水调为pH 10, 二氯甲烷萃取, 得到二氯甲烷部位(6.8 g); 再用水饱和正丁醇萃取得到正丁醇部位(140.0 g)。
二氯甲烷部位(6.8 g) 经凝胶柱色谱(甲醇洗脱) 分离, 经过薄层色谱进行检识合并得到14个不同极性的流分(B1~B14)。B4 (863.1 mg) 经凝胶柱色谱(甲醇洗脱) 分离, 薄层检识合并后得到5个流分(B4a~B4e)。B4e (223.8 mg) 经半制备液相(甲醇-水, 55∶45) 制备得到化合物7 (12.7 mg, 22.5 min) 和化合物8 (22.9 mg, 61 min)。B6 (247.0 mg) 经ODS柱色谱分离, 甲醇-水(30∶70→100∶0) 梯度洗脱, 薄层检识合并后得到4个流分(B6a~B6d)。B6a (129.3 mg) 经半制备液相(甲醇-水, 15∶85) 制备得到化合物13 (2.4 mg, 58.5 min)。B8-9 (250.0 mg) 经凝胶柱色谱(甲醇洗脱) 分离, 薄层检识合并后得到3个流分(B8-9a~B8-9c)。B8-9b (191.2 mg) 经半制备液相(甲醇-水, 20∶80) 制备得到化合物12 (13.1 mg, 34 min) 和化合物6 (26.6 mg, 80 min)。
正丁醇部位(140.0 g) 经大孔树脂柱色谱分离, 乙醇-水系统梯度洗脱(0∶100→100∶0) 得到水洗脱部分(12.5 g)、10%乙醇洗脱部分(24.3 g)、30%乙醇洗脱部分(17.1 g)、50%乙醇洗脱部分(6.2 g)、70%乙醇洗脱部分(1.5 g) 和95%乙醇洗脱部分(0.3 g)。30%乙醇洗脱部分(17.1 g) 经凝胶柱色谱(甲醇-水, 3∶7) 分离, 薄层检识合并, 得到7个流分(30A~30G)。30B (3.863 6 g) 经凝胶柱色谱(甲醇-水, 3∶7) 分离, 薄层检识合并得到3个流分(30Ba~30Bc)。30Bb (0.124 g) 经半制备液相(乙腈-水, 10∶90) 制备得到化合物11 (3.2 mg, 54 min)。30F (1.005 g) 经凝胶柱色谱(甲醇-水, 3∶7) 分离, 薄层检识合并得到4个流分(30Fa~30Fd)。30Fc (0.41 g) 经半制备液相(乙腈-水, 10∶90) 制备得到化合物9 (6.8 mg, 29 min)。30G (0.701 g) 经凝胶柱色谱(甲醇-水, 3∶7) 分离, 薄层检识合并得到3个流分(30Ga~30Gc)。30Gb (0.341 g) 经半制备液相(乙腈-水, 10∶90) 制备得到化合物10 (5.1 mg, 117 min)。50%乙醇洗脱液(6.2 g) 经凝胶柱色谱(甲醇-水, 1∶1) 分离, 薄层检识合并, 得到6个流分(50A~50F)。50C (0.235 6 g) 经凝胶柱色谱(甲醇-水, 1∶1) 分离, 薄层检识合并, 得到5个流分(50Ca~50Ce)。50Cc (63.6 mg) 经半制备液相(甲醇-水, 1∶1) 制备得到化合物1 (5.2 mg, 17 min) 和化合物2 (3.4 mg, 28 min)。
各称取1 mg化合物1和化合物2置于水解管中, 加入1 mL HCl (2 mol·L-1) 溶解, 80 ℃水浴2 h, 吹干, 加入1 mL水分散, 乙酸乙酯萃取3次, 吹干水层, 得到单糖。再加入1 mL无水吡啶溶解单糖。加入1 mg L-半胱氨酸甲酯盐酸, 水浴60 ℃加热1 h, 加入50 μL邻甲苯异硫氰酸酯, 水浴加热1 h, 反应液为糖衍生物, 用高效液相分析样品。液相色谱条件: 流动相: 乙腈(A)-0.1%甲酸水(B), 25∶75; 进样体积: 10 μL; 检测波长: 250 nm; 流速: 1.0 mL·min-1。化合物1和2的糖衍生物的保留时间为13.497 min, 与D-葡萄糖衍生物的保留时间基本一致, 故确定化合物1和2中均为D-葡萄糖。
在Sybyl-X 2.0软件中, 采用MMFF94s力场对化合物进行构象搜索, 采用Gaussian 09软件, 在B3LYP/6-31G(d) 水平上对所有获得的构象优化。选用CD3OD为溶剂的IEFPCM溶剂模型, 使用GIAO NMR技术, 在/B3LYP/6-31+G(d) 水平上计算13C NMR屏蔽常数, 将所得的理论13C NMR位移与实测的13C NMR数据进行比较, 确定化合物的结构。
化合物1  淡黄色粉末(甲醇); [α]$ {}_{\mathrm{D}}^{25} $ = - 25.03 (c 0.105, MeOH); UV(MeOH) λmax (log ε) 204 nm (0.701), 241 nm (0.517); IR (KBr) νmax: 2 928, 1 650, 1 376, 1 073 cm-1; HR-ESI-MS: m/z 581.256 53 [M+Na]+ (计算值C27H42O12Na, 581.256 85)。1H NMR和13C NMR数据见表1。
化合物2  淡黄色粉末(甲醇); [α]$ {}_{\mathrm{D}}^{25} $ = -14.02 (c 0.082, MeOH); UV(MeOH) λmax (log ε) 207 nm (1.758), 241 nm (1.178); IR (KBr) νmax: 2 928, 1 652, 1 376, 1 077 cm-1; HR-ESI-MS: m/z 583.272 83 [M+Na]+ (计算值C27H44O12Na, 583.272 50); 1H NMR和13C NMR数据见表1。
化合物3  淡黄色粉末, 碘化铋钾显橘黄色; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δH 7.85 (1H, d, J = 9.3 Hz, H-8), 7.10 (1H, s, H-5), 6.76 (1H, s, H-2), 6.19 (1H, d, J = 9.3 Hz, H-7), 3.90 (3H, s, 3-OCH3); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CD3OD) δC 164.1 (C-6)、153.2 (C-10)、151.5 (C-9)、147.2 (C-3)、146.2 (C-8)、112.5 (C-7)、109.9 (C-5)、104.0 (C-2)、56.8 (-OCH3); 相对分子质量为192, 分子式为C9H8O3N2。以上波谱数据与文献[8]报道数据基本一致, 故鉴定化合物3为9-hydroxy-3-methoxy-6H-pyrido[1, 2-a]pyrazin-6-one。
化合物4  无色油状液体, 10%硫酸乙醇显淡紫色; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δH 7.72~7.70 (2H, H-3, 3′), 7.62~7.60 (2H, H-4, 4′), 4.21 (4H, H-6, 6′), 1.67 (2H, H-7, 7′), 1.35~1.41 (16H, H-8, 8′, 9, 9′, 10, 10′, 12, 12′), 0.95 (6H, t, J = 7.5 Hz, H-13, 13′), 0.90 (6H, t, J = 7.5 Hz, H-11, 11′); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CD3OD) δC 169.3×2 (C-5, 5′)、133.6×2 (C-2, 2′)、132.4×2 (C-4, 4′)、129.9×2 (C-3, 3′)、69.1×2 (C-6, 6′)、40.2×2 (C-7, 7′)、31.6×2 (C-8, 8′)、30.1×2 (C-9, 9′)、24.9×2 (C-12, 12′)、24.0×2 (C-10, 10′)、14.4×2 (C-11, 11′)、11.4×2 (C-13, 13′); 相对分子质量为390, 分子式为C24H38O4。以上波谱数据与文献[9]报道数据基本一致, 故鉴定化合物4为5, 5′-di(2-ethyl-hexyloxy)-5, 5′-bifuran, 该化合物为首次从茄科植物中分离得到。
化合物5  淡黄色油状液体, 10%硫酸乙醇显紫色; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δH 7.52 (2H, dd, J = 5.7, 3.3 Hz, H-4″, 5″), 7.70 (2H, dd, J = 5.7, 3.3 Hz, H-3″, 6″), 4.27~4.17 (4H, H-1, 1′), 1.68 (2H, q, J = 6.1 Hz, H-2, 2′), 1.24~1.42 (16H, H-3, 3′, 4, 4′, 5, 5′, 7, 7′), 0.93 (6H, d, J = 7.5 Hz, H-8, 8′), 0.89 (6H, H-6, 6′); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δC 167.9×2 (C=O×2)、132.6×2 (C-1″, 2″)、131.0×2 (C-4″, 5″)、129.0×2 (C-3″, 6″)、68.3×2 (C-1, 1′)、38.9×2 (C-2, 2′)、30.5×2 (C-3, 3′)、29.1×2 (C-4, 4′)、23.9×2 (C-7, 7′)、23.1×2 (C-5, 5′)、14.2×2 (C-8, 8′)、11.1×2 (C-6, 6′); 相对分子质量为390, 分子式为C24H38O4。以上波谱数据与文献[10]报道数据基本一致, 故鉴定化合物5为bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate。
化合物6  淡黄色粉末, 10%硫酸乙醇显紫色; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δH 7.85 (1H, d, J = 9.3 Hz, H-4), 7.10 (1H, s, H-5), 6.76 (1H, s, H-8), 6.20 (1H, d, J = 9.3 Hz, H-3), 3.91 (3H, s, 6-OCH3); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CD3OD) δC 164.1 (C-2)、153.0 (C-7)、151.4 (C-9)、147.1 (C-6)、146.1 (C-4)、112.5 (C-3)、112.5 (C-10)、109.9 (C-5)、104.0 (C-8)、56.8 (6-OCH3); 相对分子质量为192, 分子式为C10H8O4。以上波谱数据与文献[11]报道数据基本一致, 故鉴定化合物6为东莨菪内酯。
化合物7  淡黄色粉末, 10%硫酸乙醇显绿色; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δH 5.91 (1H, s, H-22), 5.02 (1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz, H-21α), 4.95 (1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz, H-21β), 4.14 (1H, t, J = 2.9 Hz, H-3), 2.86 (1H, m, H-17), 0.95 (3H, s, H-19), 0.90 (3H, s, H-18); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CD3OD) δC 178.3 (C-20)、177.2 (C-23)、117.8 (C-22)、86.3 (C-14)、76.2 (C-21)、75.3 (C-5)、69.0 (C-3)、51.9 (C-17)、50.9 (C-13)、41.9 (C-10)、41.7 (C-8)、40.9 (C-12)、40.1 (C-9)、37.8 (C-6)、35.9 (C-4)、33.3 (C-15)、28.5 (C-16)、28.0 (C-2)、26.1 (C-1)、24.8 (C-7)、22.7 (C-11)、17.3 (C-19)、16.3 (C-18); 相对分子质量为390, 分子式为C23H34O5。以上波谱数据与文献[12]报道数据基本一致, 故鉴定化合物7为periplogenin。
化合物8  淡黄色粉末, 10%硫酸乙醇显绿色; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δH 5.96 (1H, q, J = 1.7 Hz, H-22), 5.31 (1H, H-15), 4.94 (1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz, H-21α), 4.88 (1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz, H-21β), 4.12 (1H, t, J = 2.9 Hz, H-3), 2.89 (1H, m, H-17), 0.96 (3H, s, H-19), 0.84 (3H, s, H-18); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CD3OD) δC 176.8 (C-23)、174.1 (C-20)、155.1 (C-14)、118.2 (C-15)、116.5 (C-22)、76.2 (C-5)、75.4 (C-21)、69.0 (C-3)、53.8 (C-17)、49.6 (C-13)、44.5 (C-12)、42.2 (C-16)、41.9 (C-8)、37.7 (C-1)、35.7 (C-10)、35.5 (C-9)、34.5 (C-4)、28.6 (C-2)、27.3 (C-6)、26.1 (C-11)、23.4 (C-7)、18.5 (C-19)、17.1 (C-18); 相对分子质量为372, 分子式为C23H32O4。以上波谱数据与文献[13]报道数据基本一致, 故鉴定化合物8为3β, 5β-dihydroxy-14-en-card-20(22)-enolide, 为首次从茄科植物中分离得到。
化合物9  淡黄色粉末, 10%硫酸乙醇显粉色; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δH 7.13 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz, H-5), 7.04 (1H, s, H-2), 6.94 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz, H-6), 6.74 (1H, s, H-2′), 6.72 (1H, s, H-6′), 5.56 (1H, d, J = 5.8 Hz, H-7), 4.94 (1H, d, J = 7.4 Hz, H-1″), 4.45 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz, H-1‴), 3.89 (1H, H-9b), 3.87 (3H, s, 5′-OCH3), 3.84 (3H, s, 3-OCH3), 3.74 (1H, H-9a), 3.55 (1H, H-8), 3.69~3.53 (6H, H-2″, 3″, 4″, 5″, 6″), 3.77~3.26 (6H, H-2‴, 3‴, 4‴, 5‴, 6‴), 3.45 (2H, m, H-9′), 2.64 (2H, m, H-7′), 1.82 (2H, m, H-8′); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CD3OD) δC 151.0 (C-3)、147.5 (C-4′)、147.5 (C-4)、145.2 (C-5′)、138.5 (C-1)、137.1 (C-1′)、129.6 (C-3′)、119.3 (C-6)、118.1 (C-2′)、117.9 (C-5)、114.2 (C-6′)、111.2 (C-2)、56.8 (3-OCH3)、56.7 (5′-OCH3)、88.5 (C-7)、65.1 (C-9)、62.2 (C-9′)、55.7 (C-8)、35.8 (C-8′)、32.9 (C-7′)、102.5 (C-1″)、80.1 (C-4″)、74.6 (C-2″)、76.7 (C-5″)、76.2 (C-3″)、61.6 (C-6″)、104.6 (C-1‴)、78.1 (C-5‴)、77.9 (C-3‴)、74.9 (C-2‴)、71.4 (C-4‴)、62.4 (C-6‴); 相对分子质量为684, 分子式为C32H44O16。以上波谱数据与文献[14]报道数据基本一致, 故确定化合物9为(7R, 8S)-4-hydroxy-3, 5′- dimethoxy-4′, 7-epoxy-8, 3′-neoligna-9, 9′-diol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucopy-ranoside, 该化合物为首次从茄科植物中分离得到。
化合物10  淡黄色粉末, 10%硫酸乙醇显紫色; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δH 8.56 (1H, H-5), 8.56 (1H, H-8), 7.58 (1H, H-7), 7.54 (1H, H-6), 5.16 (1H, m, H-10), 4.85 (1H, d, J = 7.7 Hz, H-1′), 4.66 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz, H-1″), 3.86 (3H, s, -OCH3), 3.83 (1H, H-6′a), 3.79 (1H, H-6″a), 3.73 (2H, H-9), 3.65 (1H, H-6′b), 3.65 (1H, H-6″b), 3.55~3.13 (4H, H-2′, 3′, 4′, 5′), 3.61~3.09 (4H, H-2″, 3″, 4″, 5″), 1.74 (3H, s, H-12), 1.69 (3H, s, H-13); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CD3OD) δC 171.1 (C=O)、148.3 (C-1)、148.0 (C-4)、133.0 (C-8a)、131.1 (C-11)、130.7 (C-8)、128.7 (C-6)、128.5 (C-5)、127.9 (C-2)、127.3 (C-3)、124.7 (C-7)、124.5 (C-4a)、124.5 (C-10)、27.5 (C-9)、25.9 (C-12)、18.4 (C-13)、53.0 (-OCH3)、106.5 (C-1′)、78.1 (C-3′)、78.0 (C-5′)、75.8 (C-2′)、72.0 (C-4′)、63.3 (C-6′)、106.3 (C-1″)、78.0 (C-5″)、77.8 (C-3″)、75.6 (C-2″)、71.6 (C-4″)、62.6 (C-6″); 相对分子质量为610, 分子式为C29H38O14。以上波谱数据与文献[15]报道数据基本一致, 故鉴定化合物10为2-carbomethoxy-3-prenyl-1, 4-naphthohydroquinone-1, 4-di-O-β-glucoside, 该化合物为首次从茄科植物中分离得到。
化合物11  白色粉末, 10%硫酸乙醇显淡紫色; 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δH 6.66 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz, H-5), 6.63 (1H, d, J = 2.6 Hz, H-2), 6.50 (1H, dd, J = 8.6, 2.6 Hz, H-6), 4.65 (1H, d, J = 7.4 Hz, H-1′), 3.27~3.17 (4H, H-2′, 3′, 4′, 5′), 3.94 (1H, brd, J = 10.3 Hz, H-6′a), 3.67 (1H, dd, J = 11.3, 5.3 Hz, H-6′b), 4.17 (1H, d, J = 7.4 Hz, H-1″), 3.27~3.17 (3H, H-2″, 3″, 4″), 3.57 (1H, dd, J = 11.3, 6.6 Hz, H-5″a), 3.46 (1H, m, H-5″b), 3.73 (3H, s, 3-OCH3); 13C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO) δC 150.6 (C-1)、147.7 (C-3)、141.3 (C-4)、115.4 (C-5)、107.9 (C-6)、102.3 (C-2)、101.6 (C-1′)、76.6 (C-5′)、76.5 (C-3′)、73.4 (C-2′)、69.8 (C-4′)、68.6 (C-6′)、104.2 (C-1″)、75.7 (C-3″)、73.2 (C-2″)、69.6 (C-4″)、65.7 (C-5″)、55.5 (3-OCH3); 相对分子质量为434, 分子式为C18H26O12。以上波谱数据与文献[16]报道数据基本一致, 故鉴定化合物11为4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl-β-D-xylopyranosyl (1→6)-O-β-D-glucopyranoside。
化合物12  淡黄色针晶, 10%硫酸乙醇显紫色; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δH 7.32 (2H, s, H-3, 7), 3.87 (6H, s, 2×OCH3); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CD3OD) δC 170.4 (C-1)、148.8×2 (C-4, 6)、141.5 (C-5)、122.6 (C-2)、108.3×2 (C-3, 7)、56.8×2 (2×OCH3); 相对分子质量为198, 分子式为C9H10O5。以上波谱数据与文献[17]报道数据基本一致, 故鉴定化合物12为丁香酸。
化合物13  无色针晶, 碘熏显黄色; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δH 7.56 (1H, H-3), 7.54 (1H, H-7), 6.82 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz, H-6), 3.89 (3H, s, 3-OCH3); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CD3OD) δC 170.0 (C-1)、152.7 (C-4)、148.7 (C-5)、125.3 (C-7)、123.1 (C-2)、115.7 (C-6)、113.8 (C-3)、56.4 (3-OCH3); 相对分子质量为168, 分子式为C8H8O4。以上波谱数据与文献[18]报道数据基本一致, 故鉴定化合物13为香草酸。
将对数生长期状态良好的RAW264.7细胞接种到96孔板中(每孔100 μL), 在37 ℃、5% CO2条件下培养24 h使其贴壁。随后, 分别加入3.125、6.25、12.5、25和50 μmol·L-1的待测化合物, 同时设置对照组、模型组和阳性药组(100 μL), 每组4个复孔。孵育一定时间后, 每孔加入100 μL的MTT试剂继续孵育4 h。吸弃上清液, 每孔加入150 μL DMSO溶解甲瓒结晶, 在490 nm波长下测定吸光度(OD)值, 并按公式细胞存活率(%) = (OD给药组- OD空白) / (OD对照组- OD空白) × 100%计算细胞存活率。
在NO抑制实验中, 细胞接种及给药方式同上。药物预处理1 h后, 加入LPS刺激24小时。取50 μL上清液转移至新96孔板, 依次加入50 μL Griess Reagent Ⅰ和Ⅱ, 摇床振荡10 min后测定540 nm处OD值。利用NaNO2标准曲线计算NO浓度, 并按公式抑制率= 1 - (NO给药组 - NO对照组) / (NO模型组 - NO对照组) × 100%计算NO抑制率。
称取17.907 g磷酸氢二钠和7.800 5 g磷酸二氢钠, 分别定容至500 mL, 配制成储备液。取168 mL磷酸氢二钠溶液和32 mL磷酸二氢钠溶液混合, 定容至200 mL, 得0.1 mol·L-1 PBS溶液。
将α-葡萄糖苷酶(100 U, 3.1 mg) 溶于PBS, 配制成10 U·mL-1储备液, 使用时稀释至0.2 U·mL-1工作液。另取117.98 mg对硝基苯基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷, 溶于PBS配成10 mmol·L-1溶液。再称取1.063 1 g碳酸钠, 溶于PBS配成0.1 mol·L-1终止液。
根据本课题组及文献[19]方法, 96孔板中依次加入60 μL PBS、80 μL 0.2 U·mL-1 α-葡萄糖苷酶和10 μL待测样品(100 μmol·L-1), 37 ℃振荡反应10 min。随后加入50 μL 10 mmol·L-1对硝基苯基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷溶液, 继续反应30 min, 最后加入30 μL碳酸钠终止液终止反应。在405 nm下测定OD值。实验设置空白对照、阴性对照、阳性对照、样品测定及样品空白, 每组4复孔, 重复3次。抑制率(%) = (OD阴性对照 - OD样品) / OD阴性对照 × 100%。

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2026年第61卷第1期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0894
  • 接收时间:2025-07-29
  • 首发时间:2026-09-21
  • 出版时间:2026-01-12
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-29
  • 修回日期:2025-11-07
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    1北京中医药大学中药学院, 北京 102488
    2国家中医药管理局"中药经典名方有效物质发现"重点研究室, 北京 102488

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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