Article(id=1308816818769330778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308816657934541639, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0873, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1753200000000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-23, revisedDate=1761494400000, revisedDateStr=2025-10-27, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789975846235, onlineDateStr=2026-09-21, pubDate=1768147200000, pubDateStr=2026-01-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789975846235, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789975846235, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789975846235, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1308816657934541639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2026', volume='61', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='320', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1768147200000', pubDateStr='2026-01-12', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789975807888, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789984282344, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1308852202421191556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308816657934541639, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1308852202421191557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308816657934541639, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=273, endPage=282, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1308816819012600411, articleId=1308816818769330778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS coupled with ICP-MS method for the determination of chemical constituents and inorganic elements in handmade brown sugar from Ailao Mountain, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
An integrated method based on UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS and ICP-MS was developed for the simultaneous characterization of chemical constituents and inorganic elements in brown sugar hand-crafted in the Ailao Mountain. After water extraction and ethanol precipitation, thirty metabolites were identified by UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS, including 10 amino acids and their derivatives, 8 sugars and derivatives, 4 organic acids, 3 aldehydes and 5 other organic compounds. ICP-MS quantified the elemental profiles of three independent batches, revealing high levels of the macro-elements K, Mg and Ca, along with nutritionally relevant amounts of the trace elements Fe, Zn, Cu, Se, Co, Mn and Cr. Fingerprinting, elemental correlation analysis and health-risk assessment were subsequently performed. Estimated daily exposure per kg body weight (Exp), hazard index (HI) and margin of exposure (MOE) indicated that all batches conformed to the heavy-metal limits set by the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2025 edition), and the overall health risk from toxic elements is negligible. By integrating comprehensive chemical profiling with precise elemental quantification, the study establishes a dual-dimension quality evaluation system that provides robust data and technical support for constructing a quality profile of Ailao Mountain brown sugar and for elucidating the relationship between its chemical composition and nutritional functions.
, authors=Cui-ran YIN
1, Hai-tao GUO
1, Jia-hui WANG
1, Zi-yi HU
1, Han YU
1, Geng-yang LIU
1, Ze-kun YU
1, Jie-shu LI
1, Yin-xiang WANG
2, Chun-guo WANG
1, *, Yong-gang LIU
1, *, Tao MA
1, *, authorsList=Cui-ran YIN, Hai-tao GUO, Jia-hui WANG, Zi-yi HU, Han YU, Geng-yang LIU, Ze-kun YU, Jie-shu LI, Yin-xiang WANG, Chun-guo WANG, Yong-gang LIU, Tao MA, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Chun-guo WANG, Yong-gang LIU, Tao MA, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2026 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1308816822900720233, articleId=1308816818769330778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS结合ICP-MS技术测定哀牢山手工红糖中的化学成分与无机元素, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
基于超高效液相色谱-四极杆-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱(UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS) 技术和电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS) 法, 建立哀牢山手工红糖中化学成分与无机元素的分析方法。该红糖经水提醇沉后采用UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS测定其中的化学成分, 共鉴定出30种化学成分, 可分为氨基酸及其衍生物类10种、糖及衍生物类8种、有机酸类4种、醛类3种、其他类5种。采用ICP-MS结合指纹图谱、元素相关性分析和健康风险评价测定分析不同批次红糖元素种类、含量, 并对其进行质量评价。结果显示, 三批红糖中主要含有K、Mg、Ca等常量元素, Fe、Zn、Cu、Se、Co、Mn、Cr等微量元素, 不同批次哀牢山红糖的无机元素含量存在差异, 且元素间存在复杂的显著正/负相关关系网络。根据2025年版《中华人民共和国药典》的重金属含量规定, 采用每人每日每千克体重重金属摄入量(Exp)、危害指数法(HI) 和暴露限值法(MOE) 进行评估, 结果显示不同批次红糖重金属含量均符合要求; 有害元素整体潜在的风险较低。本研究将UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS与ICP-MS两种方法结合, 构建了基于化学成分鉴定及无机元素定量分析的双维度质量评价体系, 为红糖质量图谱的建立、营养功能关联性研究提供了数据和技术支撑。
, authors=尹翠然
1, 郭海涛
1, 王嘉慧
1, 胡子怡
1, 于晗
1, 刘庚洋
1, 于泽坤
1, 李杰姝
1, 王崟瓖
2, 王春国
1, *, 刘永刚
1, *, 马涛
1, *, authorsList=尹翠然, 郭海涛, 王嘉慧, 胡子怡, 于晗, 刘庚洋, 于泽坤, 李杰姝, 王崟瓖, 王春国, 刘永刚, 马涛, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=王春国, 刘永刚, 马涛, authorNote=
作者贡献:
尹翠然负责实验设计、实验操作及文章撰写; 郭海涛负责数据处理; 王嘉慧负责文章修改及实验操作; 胡子怡、于晗、刘庚洋、于泽坤、李杰姝、王崟瓖负责文献查阅及整理; 马涛、王春国、刘永刚负责实验设计及文章审阅。
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2Xinshi Sugar Industry and Trading Co., Ltd., Chuxiong 675100, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308816823718609519, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308816818769330778, companyId=1308816823546643053, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2信实糖业商贸 (云南) 有限公司, 云南 楚雄 675100)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1308816830756651702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308816818769330778, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=VrArW2/ZSBY5q4BlOZjS5Q==, figureFileBig=Nf+hU+vSNPuIsZbG95LGGA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308816830832149175, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308816818769330778, language=CN, label=Fig.1, caption=
Total ion chromatogram of Ailao Mountain handmade brown sugar in positive ion mode. 1-21 correspond to those listed in Table 1, figureFileSmall=VrArW2/ZSBY5q4BlOZjS5Q==, figureFileBig=Nf+hU+vSNPuIsZbG95LGGA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308816831037670072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308816818769330778, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=28w2b+Htj/o5PqMeRpPy7Q==, figureFileBig=MjR5ukil5/o8jglKlJMSFA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308816831108973241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308816818769330778, language=CN, label=Fig.2, caption=
Total ion chromatogram of Ailao mountain handmade brown sugar in negative ion mode. Peaks 1-17 correspond to those listed in Table 2, figureFileSmall=28w2b+Htj/o5PqMeRpPy7Q==, figureFileBig=MjR5ukil5/o8jglKlJMSFA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308816831192859322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308816818769330778, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=K0j9ce0qGFgKuYp880YC7A==, figureFileBig=qBK6i94gWhEySPCkQZvtcg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308816831264162491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308816818769330778, language=CN, label=Fig.3, caption=
MS/MS spectrum (A) and fragmentation pathway (B) of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in positive ion mode, figureFileSmall=K0j9ce0qGFgKuYp880YC7A==, figureFileBig=qBK6i94gWhEySPCkQZvtcg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308816831331271356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308816818769330778, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=NdHwgWnczHSaG8gVrV6FYA==, figureFileBig=Xxu0//sHDTw2HpGmvlQYxg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308816831402574525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308816818769330778, language=CN, label=Fig.4, caption=
MS/MS spectrum (A) and fragmentation pathway (B) of orientin 7, 3′-dimethyl ether in positive ion mode, figureFileSmall=NdHwgWnczHSaG8gVrV6FYA==, figureFileBig=Xxu0//sHDTw2HpGmvlQYxg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308816831490654910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308816818769330778, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=vUPHY6dAGGyObUMBsuwA4g==, figureFileBig=L+rJ2h/2t7lUBhAAoqH8lw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308816831561958079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308816818769330778, language=CN, label=Fig.5, caption=
Characteristic spectrum of inorganic elements of brown sugar. A: Low content group of brown sugar element; B: Medium content group of brown sugar element; C: High content group of brown sugar element, figureFileSmall=vUPHY6dAGGyObUMBsuwA4g==, figureFileBig=L+rJ2h/2t7lUBhAAoqH8lw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308816831633261248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308816818769330778, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=xQSHWJGx/QlNDgkeK7+kgg==, figureFileBig=IX75P21rKjVX+QEYIDdeSQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308816831696175809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308816818769330778, language=CN, label=Fig.6, caption=
Correlation heatmap of 26 inorganic elements in brown sugar. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs the null hypothesis of a zero population correlation coefficient, figureFileSmall=xQSHWJGx/QlNDgkeK7+kgg==, figureFileBig=IX75P21rKjVX+QEYIDdeSQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308816831775867586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308816818769330778, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| No. | Formula | Name | Structure type | tR /min | m/z | Annot. deltamass (ppm) | Secondary fragment m/z |
| Annotation MW | Calc. MW |
| 1 | C6H14N4O2 | Arginine | Amino acid | 0.87 | 174.111 68 | 174.111 39 | -1.63 | 175.047 7, 151.938 5 |
| 2 | C4H8N2O3 | Asparagine | Amino acid | 0.95 | 132.053 49 | 132.053 35 | -1.1 | 133.064 9, 105.070 2, 86.096 9 |
| 3 | C4H9NO2 | γ-Aminobutyric acid | Amino acid | 0.96 | 103.063 33 | 103.063 54 | 2.05 | 104.107 3, 60.081 6, 87.044 6 |
| 4 | C5H9NO2 | Proline | Amino acid | 0.97 | 115.063 33 | 115.063 47 | 1.24 | 70.065 8, 116.070 8 |
| 5 | C6H13NO5 | Glucosamine | Amino acid | 0.97 | 179.079 37 | 179.079 07 | -1.67 | 72.081 5, 118.086 5 |
| 6 | C12H22O11 | α-Sophorose | Saccharide | 1.00 | 342.116 21 | 342.115 53 | -2. | 181.049 4, 343.101 2 |
| 7 | C5H11NO2 | Valine | Amino acid | 1.14 | 117.078 98 | 117.079 10 | 1. | 72.081 4, 118.086 4 |
| 8 | C8H11NO3 | Pyridoxine | Vitamin | 1.17 | 169.073 89 | 169.073 63 | -1.58 | 170.080 9, 152.070 7, 124.075 8, 70.065 8 |
| 9 | C5H7NO3 | Pyroglutamic acid | Amino acid | 1.20 | 129.042 59 | 129.042 57 | -0.15 | 84.081 3, 130.086 3 |
| 10 | C9H11NO3 | Tyrosine | Amino acid | 1.25 | 181.073 89 | 181.073 70 | -1.06 | 136.075 6, 182.081 0, 165.054 5, 164.070 5 |
| 11 | C6H13NO2 | Leucine | Amino acid | 1.47 | 131.094 63 | 131.094 56 | -0.52 | 86.096 9, 132.101 9 |
| 12 | C11H12O4 | Sinapaldehyde | Aldehydes | 1.51 | 208.073 56 | 208.073 31 | -1.22 | 149.059 6, 121.064 8, 177.054 4, 209.080 5 |
| 13 | C10H10O3 | Coniferaldehyde | Aldehydes | 1.65 | 178.062 99 | 178.062 78 | -1.22 | 345.105 4 |
| 14 | C9H11NO2 | Phenylalanine | Amino acid | 2.16 | 165.078 98 | 165.078 81 | -1. | 120.080 9 |
| 15 | C9H17NO5 | Pantothenic acid | Vitamin | 2.35 | 219.110 70 | 219.110 40 | -1.18 | 90.055 4, 220.117 5, 202.107 2, 184.096 8 |
| 16 | C7H6O3 | Syringic acid | Organic acid | 3.35 | 138.031 69 | 138.031 48 | -1.55 | 121.076 2, 139.086 5, 109.076 3 |
| 17 | C6H6O3 | 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural | Aldehydes | 3.43 | 126.031 69 | 126.031 65 | -0.36 | 127.039 1, 109.028 7, 69.034 2, 81.034 0 |
| 18 | C11H12N2O2 | Tryptophan | Amino acid | 4.62 | 204.089 88 | 204.089 65 | -1.13 | 188.070 5, 146.059 9, 118.065 3 |
| 19 | C26H28O15 | Neocarlinoside | Glycoside | 8.60 | 580.142 82 | 580.142 56 | -0.44 | 581.159 5, 419.106 7 |
| 20 | C23H24O11 | Orientin 7, 3′-dimethyl ether | Glycoside | 11.10 | 476.131 86 | 476.131 40 | -0.98 | 327.085 8, 477.138 6, 357.096 0, 459.128 3 |
| 21 | C29H34O16 | Tricin 7-neohesperidoside | Glycoside | 12.23 | 638.184 68 | 638.184 01 | -1.06 | 331.080 8, 639.191 4, 493.133 2 |
), ArticleFig(id=1308816831859753667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308816818769330778, language=CN, label=Tab.1, caption=
Identification results of components in Ailao Mountain handmade brown sugar in positive ion mode
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| No. | Formula | Name | Structure type | tR /min | m/z | Annot. deltamass (ppm) | Secondary fragment m/z |
| Annotation MW | Calc. MW |
| 1 | C6H14N4O2 | Arginine | Amino acid | 0.87 | 174.111 68 | 174.111 39 | -1.63 | 175.047 7, 151.938 5 |
| 2 | C4H8N2O3 | Asparagine | Amino acid | 0.95 | 132.053 49 | 132.053 35 | -1.1 | 133.064 9, 105.070 2, 86.096 9 |
| 3 | C4H9NO2 | γ-Aminobutyric acid | Amino acid | 0.96 | 103.063 33 | 103.063 54 | 2.05 | 104.107 3, 60.081 6, 87.044 6 |
| 4 | C5H9NO2 | Proline | Amino acid | 0.97 | 115.063 33 | 115.063 47 | 1.24 | 70.065 8, 116.070 8 |
| 5 | C6H13NO5 | Glucosamine | Amino acid | 0.97 | 179.079 37 | 179.079 07 | -1.67 | 72.081 5, 118.086 5 |
| 6 | C12H22O11 | α-Sophorose | Saccharide | 1.00 | 342.116 21 | 342.115 53 | -2. | 181.049 4, 343.101 2 |
| 7 | C5H11NO2 | Valine | Amino acid | 1.14 | 117.078 98 | 117.079 10 | 1. | 72.081 4, 118.086 4 |
| 8 | C8H11NO3 | Pyridoxine | Vitamin | 1.17 | 169.073 89 | 169.073 63 | -1.58 | 170.080 9, 152.070 7, 124.075 8, 70.065 8 |
| 9 | C5H7NO3 | Pyroglutamic acid | Amino acid | 1.20 | 129.042 59 | 129.042 57 | -0.15 | 84.081 3, 130.086 3 |
| 10 | C9H11NO3 | Tyrosine | Amino acid | 1.25 | 181.073 89 | 181.073 70 | -1.06 | 136.075 6, 182.081 0, 165.054 5, 164.070 5 |
| 11 | C6H13NO2 | Leucine | Amino acid | 1.47 | 131.094 63 | 131.094 56 | -0.52 | 86.096 9, 132.101 9 |
| 12 | C11H12O4 | Sinapaldehyde | Aldehydes | 1.51 | 208.073 56 | 208.073 31 | -1.22 | 149.059 6, 121.064 8, 177.054 4, 209.080 5 |
| 13 | C10H10O3 | Coniferaldehyde | Aldehydes | 1.65 | 178.062 99 | 178.062 78 | -1.22 | 345.105 4 |
| 14 | C9H11NO2 | Phenylalanine | Amino acid | 2.16 | 165.078 98 | 165.078 81 | -1. | 120.080 9 |
| 15 | C9H17NO5 | Pantothenic acid | Vitamin | 2.35 | 219.110 70 | 219.110 40 | -1.18 | 90.055 4, 220.117 5, 202.107 2, 184.096 8 |
| 16 | C7H6O3 | Syringic acid | Organic acid | 3.35 | 138.031 69 | 138.031 48 | -1.55 | 121.076 2, 139.086 5, 109.076 3 |
| 17 | C6H6O3 | 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural | Aldehydes | 3.43 | 126.031 69 | 126.031 65 | -0.36 | 127.039 1, 109.028 7, 69.034 2, 81.034 0 |
| 18 | C11H12N2O2 | Tryptophan | Amino acid | 4.62 | 204.089 88 | 204.089 65 | -1.13 | 188.070 5, 146.059 9, 118.065 3 |
| 19 | C26H28O15 | Neocarlinoside | Glycoside | 8.60 | 580.142 82 | 580.142 56 | -0.44 | 581.159 5, 419.106 7 |
| 20 | C23H24O11 | Orientin 7, 3′-dimethyl ether | Glycoside | 11.10 | 476.131 86 | 476.131 40 | -0.98 | 327.085 8, 477.138 6, 357.096 0, 459.128 3 |
| 21 | C29H34O16 | Tricin 7-neohesperidoside | Glycoside | 12.23 | 638.184 68 | 638.184 01 | -1.06 | 331.080 8, 639.191 4, 493.133 2 |
), ArticleFig(id=1308816831985582788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308816818769330778, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| No. | Formula | Name | Structure type | tR /min | m/z | Annot. deltamass (ppm) | Secondary fragment m/z |
| Annotation MW | Calc. MW |
| 1 | C12H22O11 | α-Sophorose | Saccharide | 0.94 | 174.111 39 | 174.111 68 | 0.13 | 173.111 3, 141.114 5 |
| 2 | C6H12O6 | Glucose | Saccharide | 0.96 | 132.053 35 | 132.053 49 | -5.45 | 59.012 4, 89.023 0 |
| 3 | C5H10O5 | Xylose | Saccharide | 0.99 | 103.063 54 | 103.063 33 | -7.82 | 71.012 4, 102.063 5 |
| 4 | C18H32O16 | Raffinose | Saccharide | 0.99 | 115.063 47 | 115.063 33 | 1.12 | 96.958 7 |
| 5 | C4H6O5 | Malic acid | Organic acid | 1.03 | 179.079 07 | 179.079 37 | -9.41 | 115.002 4, 133.013 0, 71.012 5 |
| 6 | C5H7NO3 | Pyroglutamic acid | Amino acid | 1.17 | 342.115 53 | 342.116 21 | -10.11 | 128.034 1, 341.115 5 |
| 7 | C6H6O6 | Aconitic acid | Organic acid | 1.36 | 117.079 10 | 117.078 98 | -5.56 | 85.028 1, 116.079 1 |
| 8 | C17H20N4O6 | Riboflavin (vitamin B2) | Vitamin | 1.44 | 169.073 63 | 169.073 89 | -3.31 | 168.073 6, 119.033 7 |
| 9 | C7H6O3 | Syringic acid | Amino acid | 1.60 | 129.042 57 | 129.042 59 | -9.09 | 37.023 2, 94.036 4 |
| 10 | C9H11NO2 | Phenylalanine | Amino acid | 1.94 | 181.073 70 | 181.073 89 | -6.66 | 164.070 7, 96.958 7, 72.007 6 |
| 11 | C9H17NO5 | Pantothenic acid | Vitamin | 2.31 | 131.094 56 | 131.094 63 | -2.03 | 88.039 0, 146.081 1 |
| 12 | C8H8O3 | Syringic acid methyl ester | Ester | 6.31 | 208.073 31 | 208.073 56 | -7.31 | 207.073 3, 152.024 6 |
| 13 | C11H12O4 | Sinapaldehyde | Aldehydes | 7.27 | 178.062 78 | 178.062 99 | -2.92 | 161.044 5, 73.028 0 |
| 14 | C22H23O11 | Peonidin-3-galactoside | Flavonoids | 9.50 | 165.078 81 | 165.078 98 | -8.43 | 164.078 8, 147.181 1 |
| 15 | C23H24O11 | Orientin 7, 3′-dimethyl ether | Glycoside | 11.10 | 219.110 40 | 219.110 70 | 0.49 | 218.110 4, 201.101 3 |
| 16 | C29H34O16 | Tricin 7-neohesperidoside | Glycoside | 12.23 | 138.031 48 | 138.031 69 | 1.37 | 137.031 4, 329.066 9 |
| 17 | C11H12O5 | Sinapic acid | Organic acid | 13.12 | 126.031 65 | 126.031 69 | -1.67 | 66.030 4, 125.031 6 |
), ArticleFig(id=1308816832065274565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308816818769330778, language=CN, label=Tab.2, caption=
Identification results of components in Ailao Mountain handmade brown sugar in negative ion mode
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| No. | Formula | Name | Structure type | tR /min | m/z | Annot. deltamass (ppm) | Secondary fragment m/z |
| Annotation MW | Calc. MW |
| 1 | C12H22O11 | α-Sophorose | Saccharide | 0.94 | 174.111 39 | 174.111 68 | 0.13 | 173.111 3, 141.114 5 |
| 2 | C6H12O6 | Glucose | Saccharide | 0.96 | 132.053 35 | 132.053 49 | -5.45 | 59.012 4, 89.023 0 |
| 3 | C5H10O5 | Xylose | Saccharide | 0.99 | 103.063 54 | 103.063 33 | -7.82 | 71.012 4, 102.063 5 |
| 4 | C18H32O16 | Raffinose | Saccharide | 0.99 | 115.063 47 | 115.063 33 | 1.12 | 96.958 7 |
| 5 | C4H6O5 | Malic acid | Organic acid | 1.03 | 179.079 07 | 179.079 37 | -9.41 | 115.002 4, 133.013 0, 71.012 5 |
| 6 | C5H7NO3 | Pyroglutamic acid | Amino acid | 1.17 | 342.115 53 | 342.116 21 | -10.11 | 128.034 1, 341.115 5 |
| 7 | C6H6O6 | Aconitic acid | Organic acid | 1.36 | 117.079 10 | 117.078 98 | -5.56 | 85.028 1, 116.079 1 |
| 8 | C17H20N4O6 | Riboflavin (vitamin B2) | Vitamin | 1.44 | 169.073 63 | 169.073 89 | -3.31 | 168.073 6, 119.033 7 |
| 9 | C7H6O3 | Syringic acid | Amino acid | 1.60 | 129.042 57 | 129.042 59 | -9.09 | 37.023 2, 94.036 4 |
| 10 | C9H11NO2 | Phenylalanine | Amino acid | 1.94 | 181.073 70 | 181.073 89 | -6.66 | 164.070 7, 96.958 7, 72.007 6 |
| 11 | C9H17NO5 | Pantothenic acid | Vitamin | 2.31 | 131.094 56 | 131.094 63 | -2.03 | 88.039 0, 146.081 1 |
| 12 | C8H8O3 | Syringic acid methyl ester | Ester | 6.31 | 208.073 31 | 208.073 56 | -7.31 | 207.073 3, 152.024 6 |
| 13 | C11H12O4 | Sinapaldehyde | Aldehydes | 7.27 | 178.062 78 | 178.062 99 | -2.92 | 161.044 5, 73.028 0 |
| 14 | C22H23O11 | Peonidin-3-galactoside | Flavonoids | 9.50 | 165.078 81 | 165.078 98 | -8.43 | 164.078 8, 147.181 1 |
| 15 | C23H24O11 | Orientin 7, 3′-dimethyl ether | Glycoside | 11.10 | 219.110 40 | 219.110 70 | 0.49 | 218.110 4, 201.101 3 |
| 16 | C29H34O16 | Tricin 7-neohesperidoside | Glycoside | 12.23 | 138.031 48 | 138.031 69 | 1.37 | 137.031 4, 329.066 9 |
| 17 | C11H12O5 | Sinapic acid | Organic acid | 13.12 | 126.031 65 | 126.031 69 | -1.67 | 66.030 4, 125.031 6 |
), ArticleFig(id=1308816832140772038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308816818769330778, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Element | Linear equation | r | Detection limit/μg·L-1 | Limit of quantitation/μg·L-1 |
| B | Y = 134.688X + 1 404.303 | 0.999 | 0.855 | 2.849 |
| Na | Y = 3 970.666X + 407 170.084 | 1.000 | 1.296 | 4.319 |
| Mg | Y = 1 182.148X + 25 086.288 | 0.999 | 0.491 | 1.637 |
| Al | Y = 320.196X + 6 008.560 | 1.000 | 0.481 | 1.603 |
| K | Y = 1 020.585X + 37 088.554 | 1.000 | 0.973 | 3.244 |
| Ga | Y = 64.325X + 14 479.063 | 0.999 | 3.231 | 10.769 |
| Sc | Y = 5 529.681X + 76.223 | 0.999 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| V | Y = 20 969.725X + 690.020 | 0.999 | 0.003 | 0.011 |
| Cr | Y = 32 524.531X + 28 109.825 | 0.999 | 0.003 | 0.011 |
| Mn | Y = 15 200.555X + 11 264.643 | 0.999 | 0.025 | 0.082 |
| Fe | Y = 738.939X + 28 490.057 | 0.999 | 0.913 | 3.045 |
| Co | Y = 57 800.829X + 2 115.737 | 1.000 | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Ni | Y = 14 415.772X + 12 871.082 | 1.000 | 0.025 | 0.085 |
| Cu | Y = 40 343.763X + 24 199.882 | 1.000 | 0.011 | 0.037 |
| Zn | Y = 6 103.200X + 184 230.289 | 1.000 | 0.550 | 1.832 |
| Ga | Y = 8 835.509X + 184.224 | 0.999 | 0.003 | 0.011 |
| As | Y = 3 151.074X + 1 245.841 | 1.000 | 0.024 | 0.081 |
| Se | Y = 73.958X + 3.111 | 1.000 | 0.063 | 0.208 |
| Zr | Y = 47 376.054X + 6 801.192 | 1.000 | 0.007 | 0.023 |
| Mo | Y = 25 203.893X + 3 124.393 | 0.999 | 0.009 | 0.029 |
| Cd | Y = 14 841.320X + 1 176.501 | 1.000 | 0.011 | 0.036 3 |
| In | Y = 83 961.493X + 341.783 | 1.000 | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Te | Y = 739.399X + 3.556 | 1.000 | 0.006 | 0.019 |
| Ba | Y = 12 166.418X + 29 190.085 | 1.000 | 0.090 | 0.301 |
| Pb | Y = 272 365.055X + 538 948.444 | 1.000 | 0.045 | 0.152 |
| Bi | Y = 410 155.804X + 8 158.001 | 1.000 | 0.001 | 0.002 |
), ArticleFig(id=1308816832212075207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308816818769330778, language=CN, label=Tab.3, caption=
Linear equation, limit of detection and limit of quantification for each element in brown sugar
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Element | Linear equation | r | Detection limit/μg·L-1 | Limit of quantitation/μg·L-1 |
| B | Y = 134.688X + 1 404.303 | 0.999 | 0.855 | 2.849 |
| Na | Y = 3 970.666X + 407 170.084 | 1.000 | 1.296 | 4.319 |
| Mg | Y = 1 182.148X + 25 086.288 | 0.999 | 0.491 | 1.637 |
| Al | Y = 320.196X + 6 008.560 | 1.000 | 0.481 | 1.603 |
| K | Y = 1 020.585X + 37 088.554 | 1.000 | 0.973 | 3.244 |
| Ga | Y = 64.325X + 14 479.063 | 0.999 | 3.231 | 10.769 |
| Sc | Y = 5 529.681X + 76.223 | 0.999 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| V | Y = 20 969.725X + 690.020 | 0.999 | 0.003 | 0.011 |
| Cr | Y = 32 524.531X + 28 109.825 | 0.999 | 0.003 | 0.011 |
| Mn | Y = 15 200.555X + 11 264.643 | 0.999 | 0.025 | 0.082 |
| Fe | Y = 738.939X + 28 490.057 | 0.999 | 0.913 | 3.045 |
| Co | Y = 57 800.829X + 2 115.737 | 1.000 | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Ni | Y = 14 415.772X + 12 871.082 | 1.000 | 0.025 | 0.085 |
| Cu | Y = 40 343.763X + 24 199.882 | 1.000 | 0.011 | 0.037 |
| Zn | Y = 6 103.200X + 184 230.289 | 1.000 | 0.550 | 1.832 |
| Ga | Y = 8 835.509X + 184.224 | 0.999 | 0.003 | 0.011 |
| As | Y = 3 151.074X + 1 245.841 | 1.000 | 0.024 | 0.081 |
| Se | Y = 73.958X + 3.111 | 1.000 | 0.063 | 0.208 |
| Zr | Y = 47 376.054X + 6 801.192 | 1.000 | 0.007 | 0.023 |
| Mo | Y = 25 203.893X + 3 124.393 | 0.999 | 0.009 | 0.029 |
| Cd | Y = 14 841.320X + 1 176.501 | 1.000 | 0.011 | 0.036 3 |
| In | Y = 83 961.493X + 341.783 | 1.000 | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Te | Y = 739.399X + 3.556 | 1.000 | 0.006 | 0.019 |
| Ba | Y = 12 166.418X + 29 190.085 | 1.000 | 0.090 | 0.301 |
| Pb | Y = 272 365.055X + 538 948.444 | 1.000 | 0.045 | 0.152 |
| Bi | Y = 410 155.804X + 8 158.001 | 1.000 | 0.001 | 0.002 |
), ArticleFig(id=1308816832300155592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308816818769330778, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Element | A/mg·kg-1 | B/mg·kg-1 | C/mg·kg-1 | Average content/mg·kg-1 |
| Pb | 0.364 | 0.249 | 0.446 | 0.353 |
| As | 0.479 | 0.405 | 0.489 | 0.458 |
| Cd | 0.635 | 0.538 | 0.679 | 0.617 |
| Bi | 0.788 | 0.638 | 0.803 | 0.743 |
| Zr | 1.728 | 0.538 | 0.351 | 0.872 |
| In | 1.716 | 1.436 | 1.819 | 1.657 |
| Ga | 1.901 | 1.590 | 2.020 | 1.837 |
| Te | 2.000 | 1.701 | 2.263 | 1.988 |
| Cr | 2.140 | 1.802 | 2.375 | 2.106 |
| Mo | 2.271 | 2.069 | 2.417 | 2.253 |
| Sc | 2.430 | 1.961 | 2.405 | 2.265 |
| Co | 2.659 | 2.153 | 2.588 | 2.466 |
| Se | 2.668 | 2.134 | 2.712 | 2.505 |
| V | 2.648 | 2.203 | 2.809 | 2.553 |
| Ba | 3.491 | 3.383 | 3.638 | 3.504 |
| Ni | 3.755 | 3.175 | 3.767 | 3.566 |
| Cu | 4.442 | 4.397 | 4.621 | 4.486 |
| Mn | 27.893 | 34.194 | 23.620 | 28.569 |
| Al | 35.546 | 28.552 | 35.078 | 33.059 |
| Zn | 48.901 | 48.456 | 47.928 | 48.428 |
| B | 46.823 | 93.082 | 58.777 | 66.227 |
| Fe | 72.689 | 83.967 | 64.728 | 73.795 |
| Na | 290.458 | 275.067 | 402.100 | 322.542 |
| Ca | 2 167.529 | 2 277.103 | 2 216.763 | 2 220.465 |
| Mg | 2 313.730 | 2 492.875 | 1 974.335 | 2 260.313 |
| K | 7 070.514 | 11 202.281 | 10 642.512 | 9 638.435 |
), ArticleFig(id=1308816832384041673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308816818769330778, language=CN, label=Tab.4, caption=
Determination of elemental content of three batches of brown sugar. A: HT20250227A; B: HT20250227B; C: HT20250227C
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Element | A/mg·kg-1 | B/mg·kg-1 | C/mg·kg-1 | Average content/mg·kg-1 |
| Pb | 0.364 | 0.249 | 0.446 | 0.353 |
| As | 0.479 | 0.405 | 0.489 | 0.458 |
| Cd | 0.635 | 0.538 | 0.679 | 0.617 |
| Bi | 0.788 | 0.638 | 0.803 | 0.743 |
| Zr | 1.728 | 0.538 | 0.351 | 0.872 |
| In | 1.716 | 1.436 | 1.819 | 1.657 |
| Ga | 1.901 | 1.590 | 2.020 | 1.837 |
| Te | 2.000 | 1.701 | 2.263 | 1.988 |
| Cr | 2.140 | 1.802 | 2.375 | 2.106 |
| Mo | 2.271 | 2.069 | 2.417 | 2.253 |
| Sc | 2.430 | 1.961 | 2.405 | 2.265 |
| Co | 2.659 | 2.153 | 2.588 | 2.466 |
| Se | 2.668 | 2.134 | 2.712 | 2.505 |
| V | 2.648 | 2.203 | 2.809 | 2.553 |
| Ba | 3.491 | 3.383 | 3.638 | 3.504 |
| Ni | 3.755 | 3.175 | 3.767 | 3.566 |
| Cu | 4.442 | 4.397 | 4.621 | 4.486 |
| Mn | 27.893 | 34.194 | 23.620 | 28.569 |
| Al | 35.546 | 28.552 | 35.078 | 33.059 |
| Zn | 48.901 | 48.456 | 47.928 | 48.428 |
| B | 46.823 | 93.082 | 58.777 | 66.227 |
| Fe | 72.689 | 83.967 | 64.728 | 73.795 |
| Na | 290.458 | 275.067 | 402.100 | 322.542 |
| Ca | 2 167.529 | 2 277.103 | 2 216.763 | 2 220.465 |
| Mg | 2 313.730 | 2 492.875 | 1 974.335 | 2 260.313 |
| K | 7 070.514 | 11 202.281 | 10 642.512 | 9 638.435 |
), ArticleFig(id=1308816832467927754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308816818769330778, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Element | EXP | | HI | | MOE |
| A | B | C | | A | B | C | | A | B | C |
| Cd | 0.071 0 | 0.060 2 | 0.075 9 | | 0.854 9 | 0.725 4 | 0.914 8 | | / | / | / |
| Pb | 0.040 7 | 0.027 9 | 0.049 8 | / | / | / | 3.194 4 | 4.662 1 | 2.608 0 |
| As | 0.053 6 | 0.045 3 | 0.054 6 | / | / | / | 5.595 7 | 6.618 8 | 5.490 2 |
| Cu | 0.496 7 | 0.491 6 | 0.516 7 | 0.009 9 | 0.009 8 | 0.010 3 | / | / | / |
| Cr | 0.239 3 | 0.201 5 | 0.265 6 | 0.797 8 | 0.671 6 | 0.885 3 | / | / | / |
), ArticleFig(id=1308816832543425227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308816818769330778, language=CN, label=Tab.5, caption=
EXP, HI and MOE values of heavy metals in three batches of brown sugar. EXP: Heavy metal intake per person per day per kilogram of body weight; HI: Hazard index of heavy metal elements; MOE: Margin of exposure. A: HT20250227A; B: HT20250227B; C: HT20250227C
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Element | EXP | | HI | | MOE |
| A | B | C | | A | B | C | | A | B | C |
| Cd | 0.071 0 | 0.060 2 | 0.075 9 | | 0.854 9 | 0.725 4 | 0.914 8 | | / | / | / |
| Pb | 0.040 7 | 0.027 9 | 0.049 8 | / | / | / | 3.194 4 | 4.662 1 | 2.608 0 |
| As | 0.053 6 | 0.045 3 | 0.054 6 | / | / | / | 5.595 7 | 6.618 8 | 5.490 2 |
| Cu | 0.496 7 | 0.491 6 | 0.516 7 | 0.009 9 | 0.009 8 | 0.010 3 | / | / | / |
| Cr | 0.239 3 | 0.201 5 | 0.265 6 | 0.797 8 | 0.671 6 | 0.885 3 | / | / | / |
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