Article(id=1308467719129559141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308467640138227885, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0802, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1752163200000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-11, revisedDate=1754841600000, revisedDateStr=2025-08-11, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789892614395, onlineDateStr=2026-09-20, pubDate=1760198400000, pubDateStr=2025-10-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789892614395, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789892614395, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789892614395, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1308467640138227885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2025', volume='60', issue='10', pageStart='2913', pageEnd='3262', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1760198400000', pubDateStr='2025-10-12', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789892595562, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789893273356, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1308470483071033443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308467640138227885, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1308470483071033444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308467640138227885, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=3120, endPage=3130, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1308467719360245862, articleId=1308467719129559141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Synthesis and evaluation of [68Ga]Ga-/[177Lu]Lu-PSMA-SCN as a novel prostate-specific membrane antigen-targeting agent for theranostics, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is an advanced stage of prostate cancer. It is resistant to first-line prostate cancer treatments and poses a significant threat to men's health. The prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeting radiopharmaceutical [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 has been approved by the FDA in 2022 to treat PSMA-positive patients with mCRPC, demonstrating significant clinical benefits on patients. In this work, we introduced a chelator, p-SCN-Bn-DOTA, instead of DOTA for radiolabeling and constructed the radioligand, PSMA-SCN, and systematically evaluated its diagnostic and therapeutic performance in prostate cancer. Both molecular docking and cellular competitive inhibition assays indicated that the introduction of p-SCN-Bn-DOTA enhanced the binding affinity of PSMA-SCN for the target protein PSMA compared to PSMA-617. For diagnosis, [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-SCN was used to evaluate the tumor imaging capability and in vivo metabolic profiling by microPET/CT. Quantitative analysis of microPET images shows higher tumor uptake of [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-SCN [(46.27 ± 0.45) and (31.15 ± 0.21)%ID·g-1] than that of [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-617 [(16.8 ± 0.98) and (13.38 ± 1.44)%ID·g-1] in LNCaP and RM-1 (PSMA+) tumor-bearing mouse models, respectively. [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-SCN also has faster clearance rates in non-targeted organs. The possible reason is that the introduction of p-SCN-Bn-DOTA improves the affinity of PSMA-SCN to the targeting protein and has no significant effect on pharmacokinetic metabolism. For therapeutics, [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-SCN was used in the treatment of tumor-bearing mice to assess its inhibitory effect on tumor growth, and the results demonstrated a favorable safety profile. These results confirm that PSMA-SCN has significant advantages in the theranostics of prostate cancer in comparison with PSMA-617. In conclusion, both theoretical analysis and biological evaluation of the PSMA-targeting molecule PSMA-SCN confirm its potential value for the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. All experimental procedures involving animals were conducted in strict accordance with the ethical guidelines of the Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (ethics approval No. 00002217).

, authors=Ling-er LI1, Xin GAO1, Xiu-shuang YUAN1, Xue-li QIU2, Jiang WU3, Lu-lu ZHANG3, Hong-yi HUANG1, Si-qi ZHANG1, Feng WANG3, Ying-zi ZHANG2, *, Kuan HU1, *, authorsList=Ling-er LI, Xin GAO, Xiu-shuang YUAN, Xue-li QIU, Jiang WU, Lu-lu ZHANG, Hong-yi HUANG, Si-qi ZHANG, Feng WANG, Ying-zi ZHANG, Kuan HU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Ying-zi ZHANG, Kuan HU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1308467723219005557, articleId=1308467719129559141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=新型前列腺特异性膜抗原靶向诊疗一体化分子[68Ga]Ga-/[177Lu]Lu-PSMA-SCN的制备与评价, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

转移性去势抵抗前列腺癌(metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, mCRPC) 属于前列腺癌晚期阶段, 一线治疗手段疗效不佳, 已成为男性健康的重大威胁。前列腺特异性膜抗原(prostate-specific membrane antigen, PSMA) 靶向治疗核药[177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617已于2022年获得FDA批准用于mCRPC治疗, 临床患者获益显著。本研究基于PSMA-617的分子结构, 开发了基于螯合体p-SCN-Bn-DOTA的放射性配体PSMA-SCN, 并系统评估其前列腺癌诊疗性能。分子对接与细胞竞争抑制结果均表明, p-SCN-Bn-DOTA的引入提升了PSMA-SCN与靶蛋白PSMA的亲和力。MicroPET成像结果显示[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-SCN在两种荷瘤小鼠模型的肿瘤摄取值[(46.27 ± 0.45) 和(31.15 ± 0.21)%ID·g-1] 均高于[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-617 [(16.8 ± 0.98) 和(13.38 ± 1.44)%ID·g-1], 且非靶器官清除速率快。这是由于p-SCN-Bn-DOTA的引入提高了PSMA-SCN与靶向蛋白的亲和力, 同时药物代谢没有受到明显影响。[177Lu]Lu-PSMA-SCN的肿瘤生长抑制率高于[177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617, 并表现出良好的安全性。综上所述, PSMA靶向分子PSMA-SCN的理论分析和生物评价证实了其在前列腺癌的诊断与治疗中的潜在价值。研究使用的实验动物与实验过程遵循中国医学科学院药物研究所实验动物伦理规范, 伦理证书编号: 00002217。

, authors=李灵珥1, 高新1, 袁秀双1, 邱学力2, 吴江3, 张露露3, 黄宏怡1, 张思琪1, 王峰3, 张应子2, *, 胡宽1, *, authorsList=李灵珥, 高新, 袁秀双, 邱学力, 吴江, 张露露, 黄宏怡, 张思琪, 王峰, 张应子, 胡宽, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张应子, 胡宽, authorNote=

#共同第一作者.

作者贡献:

李灵珥负责分子合成、小鼠PET扫描及文章撰写; 高新负责分子的放射性标记、质控及文章撰写; 袁秀双负责小鼠PET扫描及文章撰写; 邱学力负责动物模型的构建; 吴江、张露露负责小鼠核素治疗实验; 黄宏怡负责分子对接模拟实验; 张思琪、王峰负责数据分析、文献整理与文章修改; 张应子负责构思文章框架, 指导论文写作与修改; 胡宽负责构思文章框架, 指导论文写作与修改, 为文章的主要负责人。

, correspAuthorsNote=
张应子, Tel: 18550117668, E-mail:
胡宽, Tel: 13381066782, E-mail:
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Cancers (Basel), 2021, 13: 3095., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1308500035583705669, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308467719129559141, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308500035596288582, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308467719129559141, companyId=1308500035583705669, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308500035604677191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308467719129559141, companyId=1308500035583705669, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1中国医学科学院北京协和医学院药物研究所, 天然药物及核药基础与新药创制全国重点实验室, 北京 100050)]), AuthorCompany(id=1308500035688563272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308467719129559141, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308500035696951881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308467719129559141, companyId=1308500035688563272, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215031, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308500035705340490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308467719129559141, companyId=1308500035688563272, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2苏州大学附属第二医院骨外科, 江苏 苏州 215031)]), AuthorCompany(id=1308500035768255051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308467719129559141, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308500035785032268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308467719129559141, companyId=1308500035768255051, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308500035789226573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308467719129559141, companyId=1308500035768255051, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3南京医科大学附属南京医院、南京市第一医院核医学科, 江苏 南京 211166)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1308500041963242129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308467719129559141, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=+3AYfblGh+uSjf1AfrK+zw==, figureFileBig=/7M9F5JaEQRFLl5zw8ldeA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308500042219094674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308467719129559141, language=CN, label=Fig.1, caption=Synthetic route of PSMA-SCN. BTC: Bis (trichloromethyl) carbonate; PSMA: Prostate-specific membrane antigen, figureFileSmall=+3AYfblGh+uSjf1AfrK+zw==, figureFileBig=/7M9F5JaEQRFLl5zw8ldeA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308500042319757971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308467719129559141, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=R/YK2IFtzgqJ8hCmxS1nxQ==, figureFileBig=J3ZV6FgB7idl/1oLWIrdVA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308500042386866836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308467719129559141, language=CN, label=Fig.2, caption=Chemical structures and confirmations of radio precursors. A: Chemical structures of PSMA-SCN and PSMA-617; B: HPLC chromatograms of PSMA-SCN (left) and PSMA-617 (right); C: Mass spectra of PSMA-SCN (left) and PSMA-617 (right). HPLC spectra were acquired using a YMC-Triat-C18 column (4.6 mm × 150 mm, 5 μm) with a linear gradient of 20%-100% acetonitrile (including 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid) over 20 min at 1 mL·min-1 flow rate. Mass spectra were obtained on a LC-MS system with a linear gradient of 5%-100% acetonitrile (including 0.1% formic acid) over 5 min at 0.3 mL·min-1 flow rate using electrospray ionization under the following conditions: capillary voltage 3.0 kV, cone voltage 40 V, desolvation temperature 350 ℃, source gas flow 645 L·h-1, figureFileSmall=R/YK2IFtzgqJ8hCmxS1nxQ==, figureFileBig=J3ZV6FgB7idl/1oLWIrdVA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308500042621747861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308467719129559141, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=y7uH4g1NluOSwTyY3z+uQA==, figureFileBig=34oNQENUb40zF8VfF6XIAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308500042688856726, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308467719129559141, language=CN, label=Fig.3, caption=Radiosynthesis and quality control of [68Ga]Ga-/[177Lu]Lu-PSMA-SCN and [68Ga]Ga-/[177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617. A: Scheme illustration of 68Ga and 177Lu radio-labeling; B: Radio-HPLC analysis of 68Ga and 177Lu-labeling PSMA-SCN and PSMA-617. Radio-HPLC spectra were acquired using a YMC-Triat-C18 column (4.6 mm × 150 mm, 5 μm) with a linear gradient of 1%-100% acetonitrile (including 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid) over 15 min at 1 mL·min-1 flow rate; C: Stability of [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-SCN and [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-617 in PBS, FBS, and whole blood after 4 h incubation. The radio-HPLC analysis method was the same as above, figureFileSmall=y7uH4g1NluOSwTyY3z+uQA==, figureFileBig=34oNQENUb40zF8VfF6XIAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308500042751771287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308467719129559141, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=Jn4MLn1WKjJt0UnrHYNOAQ==, figureFileBig=rx+61TuYrdQiZ/d+wDRJIg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308500043036983960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308467719129559141, language=CN, label=Fig.4, caption=Binding affinity of PSMA-SCN and PSMA-617 to receptor. A: Molecular docking analysis of PSMA-SCN and PSMA-617 to PSMA protein; B: Competitive binding assay of [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-SCN and [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-617 to RM-1 (PSMA+) cells, figureFileSmall=Jn4MLn1WKjJt0UnrHYNOAQ==, figureFileBig=rx+61TuYrdQiZ/d+wDRJIg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308500044710511257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308467719129559141, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=pzrZRTWirdzb0YsGC0TsYA==, figureFileBig=kJRjsmHrctbF9q75f7x4hA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308500044786008730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308467719129559141, language=CN, label=Fig.5, caption=MicroPET/CT or PET imaging and quantitative analysis in tumor-bearing mice. A: Schematic procedure of the PET imaging; B: Representative PET/CT fusion images of LNCaP subcutaneous tumor-bearing mice at 1 h post-injection; C: Quantitative analysis of tumor uptake in LNCaP models; D: PET images of RM-1 (PSMA+) subcutaneous tumor-bearing mice; E: Quantitative analysis of tumor uptake in RM-1 (PSMA+) models. n = 3, $ \overline{x} $ ± s. ****P < 0.000 1, figureFileSmall=pzrZRTWirdzb0YsGC0TsYA==, figureFileBig=kJRjsmHrctbF9q75f7x4hA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308500044895060635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308467719129559141, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=i4wmQjtOnmS5vt3xHWzeyA==, figureFileBig=HdKMErmeK3mCsOaONGEUyg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308500045138330268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308467719129559141, language=CN, label=Fig.6, caption=Dynamic microPET scans in RM-1 (PSMA+) tumor-bearing mice. A: Dynamic PET imaging of [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-SCN and [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-617 in RM-1 (PSMA+) tumor-bearing mice at 10, 20, 30, 40, and 60 min after injection; B: Dynamic uptake of major organs within 60 min, figureFileSmall=i4wmQjtOnmS5vt3xHWzeyA==, figureFileBig=HdKMErmeK3mCsOaONGEUyg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308500045230604957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308467719129559141, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=+4buWKLEmwNTe1tHyKbY/g==, figureFileBig=hG75ZJFssqC3y8GOuVtR8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308500045297713822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308467719129559141, language=CN, label=Fig.7, caption=Radionuclide tumor therapy of [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-SCN in RM-1 (PSMA+) tumor-bearing mice. A: Scheme illustration of radionuclide tumor therapy. 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新型前列腺特异性膜抗原靶向诊疗一体化分子[68Ga]Ga-/[177Lu]Lu-PSMA-SCN的制备与评价
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李灵珥 1 , 高新 1 , 袁秀双 1 , 邱学力 2 , 吴江 3 , 张露露 3 , 黄宏怡 1 , 张思琪 1 , 王峰 3 , 张应子 2, * , 胡宽 1, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2025,60(10): 3120-3130
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药学学报 |研究论文 2025 , 60 (10) : 3120 -3130
新型前列腺特异性膜抗原靶向诊疗一体化分子[68Ga]Ga-/[177Lu]Lu-PSMA-SCN的制备与评价
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李灵珥1, 高新1, 袁秀双1, 邱学力2, 吴江3, 张露露3, 黄宏怡1, 张思琪1, 王峰3, 张应子2, * , 胡宽1, *
作者信息
  • 1中国医学科学院北京协和医学院药物研究所, 天然药物及核药基础与新药创制全国重点实验室, 北京 100050
  • 2苏州大学附属第二医院骨外科, 江苏 苏州 215031
  • 3南京医科大学附属南京医院、南京市第一医院核医学科, 江苏 南京 211166
通讯作者:
张应子, Tel: 18550117668, E-mail:
胡宽, Tel: 13381066782, E-mail:
作者简介:

#共同第一作者.

作者贡献:

李灵珥负责分子合成、小鼠PET扫描及文章撰写; 高新负责分子的放射性标记、质控及文章撰写; 袁秀双负责小鼠PET扫描及文章撰写; 邱学力负责动物模型的构建; 吴江、张露露负责小鼠核素治疗实验; 黄宏怡负责分子对接模拟实验; 张思琪、王峰负责数据分析、文献整理与文章修改; 张应子负责构思文章框架, 指导论文写作与修改; 胡宽负责构思文章框架, 指导论文写作与修改, 为文章的主要负责人。

Synthesis and evaluation of [68Ga]Ga-/[177Lu]Lu-PSMA-SCN as a novel prostate-specific membrane antigen-targeting agent for theranostics
Ling-er LI1, Xin GAO1, Xiu-shuang YUAN1, Xue-li QIU2, Jiang WU3, Lu-lu ZHANG3, Hong-yi HUANG1, Si-qi ZHANG1, Feng WANG3, Ying-zi ZHANG2, * , Kuan HU1, *
Affiliations
  • 1State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
  • 2Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215031, China
  • 3Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
出版时间: 2025-10-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0802
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转移性去势抵抗前列腺癌(metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, mCRPC) 属于前列腺癌晚期阶段, 一线治疗手段疗效不佳, 已成为男性健康的重大威胁。前列腺特异性膜抗原(prostate-specific membrane antigen, PSMA) 靶向治疗核药[177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617已于2022年获得FDA批准用于mCRPC治疗, 临床患者获益显著。本研究基于PSMA-617的分子结构, 开发了基于螯合体p-SCN-Bn-DOTA的放射性配体PSMA-SCN, 并系统评估其前列腺癌诊疗性能。分子对接与细胞竞争抑制结果均表明, p-SCN-Bn-DOTA的引入提升了PSMA-SCN与靶蛋白PSMA的亲和力。MicroPET成像结果显示[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-SCN在两种荷瘤小鼠模型的肿瘤摄取值[(46.27 ± 0.45) 和(31.15 ± 0.21)%ID·g-1] 均高于[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-617 [(16.8 ± 0.98) 和(13.38 ± 1.44)%ID·g-1], 且非靶器官清除速率快。这是由于p-SCN-Bn-DOTA的引入提高了PSMA-SCN与靶向蛋白的亲和力, 同时药物代谢没有受到明显影响。[177Lu]Lu-PSMA-SCN的肿瘤生长抑制率高于[177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617, 并表现出良好的安全性。综上所述, PSMA靶向分子PSMA-SCN的理论分析和生物评价证实了其在前列腺癌的诊断与治疗中的潜在价值。研究使用的实验动物与实验过程遵循中国医学科学院药物研究所实验动物伦理规范, 伦理证书编号: 00002217。

前列腺癌  /  前列腺特异性膜抗原  /  PET显像  /  镓-68  /  镥-177  /  诊疗一体化

Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is an advanced stage of prostate cancer. It is resistant to first-line prostate cancer treatments and poses a significant threat to men's health. The prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeting radiopharmaceutical [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 has been approved by the FDA in 2022 to treat PSMA-positive patients with mCRPC, demonstrating significant clinical benefits on patients. In this work, we introduced a chelator, p-SCN-Bn-DOTA, instead of DOTA for radiolabeling and constructed the radioligand, PSMA-SCN, and systematically evaluated its diagnostic and therapeutic performance in prostate cancer. Both molecular docking and cellular competitive inhibition assays indicated that the introduction of p-SCN-Bn-DOTA enhanced the binding affinity of PSMA-SCN for the target protein PSMA compared to PSMA-617. For diagnosis, [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-SCN was used to evaluate the tumor imaging capability and in vivo metabolic profiling by microPET/CT. Quantitative analysis of microPET images shows higher tumor uptake of [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-SCN [(46.27 ± 0.45) and (31.15 ± 0.21)%ID·g-1] than that of [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-617 [(16.8 ± 0.98) and (13.38 ± 1.44)%ID·g-1] in LNCaP and RM-1 (PSMA+) tumor-bearing mouse models, respectively. [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-SCN also has faster clearance rates in non-targeted organs. The possible reason is that the introduction of p-SCN-Bn-DOTA improves the affinity of PSMA-SCN to the targeting protein and has no significant effect on pharmacokinetic metabolism. For therapeutics, [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-SCN was used in the treatment of tumor-bearing mice to assess its inhibitory effect on tumor growth, and the results demonstrated a favorable safety profile. These results confirm that PSMA-SCN has significant advantages in the theranostics of prostate cancer in comparison with PSMA-617. In conclusion, both theoretical analysis and biological evaluation of the PSMA-targeting molecule PSMA-SCN confirm its potential value for the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. All experimental procedures involving animals were conducted in strict accordance with the ethical guidelines of the Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (ethics approval No. 00002217).

prostate cancer  /  prostate-specific membrane antigen  /  PET  /  gallium-68  /  lutetium-177  /  theranostics
李灵珥, 高新, 袁秀双, 邱学力, 吴江, 张露露, 黄宏怡, 张思琪, 王峰, 张应子, 胡宽. 新型前列腺特异性膜抗原靶向诊疗一体化分子[68Ga]Ga-/[177Lu]Lu-PSMA-SCN的制备与评价. 药学学报, 2025 , 60 (10) : 3120 -3130 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0802
Ling-er LI, Xin GAO, Xiu-shuang YUAN, Xue-li QIU, Jiang WU, Lu-lu ZHANG, Hong-yi HUANG, Si-qi ZHANG, Feng WANG, Ying-zi ZHANG, Kuan HU. Synthesis and evaluation of [68Ga]Ga-/[177Lu]Lu-PSMA-SCN as a novel prostate-specific membrane antigen-targeting agent for theranostics[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2025 , 60 (10) : 3120 -3130 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0802
前列腺癌(prostate cancer, PCa) 是男性泌尿生殖系统中最常见的肿瘤类型。根据最新的全球肿瘤疾病统计数据, 前列腺癌在男性新发病例中占据首位[1]。其中, 转移性去势抵抗前列腺癌(metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer, mCRPC) 是前列腺癌的晚期阶段, 包括手术治疗与激素治疗在内的一线疗法对mCRPC的疗效均十分有限[2]。尽管近年来针对mCRPC的治疗策略与药物研发呈现快速发展态势[3], 但mCRPC仍然难以实现完全治愈。近年来全球前列腺癌患者数量持续攀升, 已成为严重威胁男性健康的重大公共卫生问题[4]。
在临床实践中, 前列腺癌的诊断和治疗均面临重大挑战。目前, 临床上主要依赖血清前列腺特异性抗原(prostate-specific antigen, PSA) 水平检测、Gleason评分系统及TNM (tumor node metastasis classification) 分期等方法进行诊断与分级[3]。然而, 这些方法创伤性大, 时效性和特异性有限, 因此亟需开发非侵入性、高特异性的新型诊断技术。在治疗方面, 尽管手术、化疗和放疗等传统手段被广泛使用, 但对于晚期前列腺癌, 尤其是mCRPC, 这些治疗的效果往往有限, 使用传统化疗方法治疗mCRPC的中位无进展生存期仅为14.8个月[5]。
近年来, 针对前列腺特异性膜抗原(prostate-specific membrane antigen, PSMA) 的PET成像为前列腺癌的诊断与精准定位做出了贡献[6-8]。前列腺特异性膜抗原又称谷氨酸羧肽酶Ⅱ (glutamate carboxypeptidase Ⅱ, GCP Ⅱ), 是一种Ⅱ型跨膜蛋白质, 在前列腺癌细胞表面表达显著上调, 较正常前列腺组织中的表达增加100~1 000倍[9-11]。研究表明, 在前列腺癌患者中, PSMA的表达量随疾病的进展和向mCRPC的转变而升高[12, 13]。因此, PSMA是mCRPC诊断和治疗的理想分子靶标。近年来, 靶向核素治疗在前列腺癌领域取得突破性进展, 其中基于高亲和力多肽的靶向核药已成为所有上市药物的重要组成部分[14]。2022年3月, FDA批准以PSMA为靶标的靶向核药[177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617用于治疗PSMA阳性的晚期mCRPC成人患者[15]。[177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617的Ⅲ期临床试验(VISION) 显示, 在约20.9个月的随访期中, 相较于标准治疗组, 接受[177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617治疗的患者在影像学无进展生存期(8.7个月对比3.4个月) 和总生存期(15.3个月对比11.3个月) 方面均实现了显著延长, 同时死亡风险降低了38%, 表现出明显的临床获益[16]。此外, 诊断型核素68Ga标记的[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11在mCRPC的PET/CT成像中体现出显著的诊断价值与预后预测能力, 用于可接受[177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617治疗患者的分级[17]。68Ga与177Lu标记的PSMA靶向分子联合使用实现了诊疗一体化的目标, 为mCRPC患者制定了个性化精准诊疗方案[18, 19]。
尽管PSMA-617分子在mCRPC的诊断与治疗中显示出显著效果, 但仍面临挑战。PSMA-617分子中起螯合作用的结构是“DOTA-单酰胺”片段, 仅含3个游离羧基, 较完整的“DOTA”结构螯合效率有所降低[20]。而螯合剂2-((4-异硫氰基苯基)甲基)-1, 4, 7, 10-四氮杂环十二烷-1, 4, 7, 10-四乙酸(p-SCN-Bn-DOTA), 存在“苄基-硫氰酸酯”连接臂, 螯合金属离子的位点不受偶联基团的影响[20]。p-SCN-Bn-DOTA兼具DOTA的高金属离子配位能力和p-SCN-Bn基团的高水溶性与生物相容性, 可在温和的条件下实现放射性金属离子的稳定标记[21]。因此, p-SCN-Bn-DOTA被广泛用于抗体、蛋白质等对热不稳定物质的标记。对于热稳定性较高的小分子化合物, 使用p-SCN-Bn-DOTA作为螯合剂也能展现出较高的放射化学纯度与优异的体内稳定性[22]。Yamaguchi等[23]对p-SCN-Bn-DOTA修饰的西妥昔单抗(cetuximab) 进行111In与64Cu标记, 研究结果显示, [111In]In-DOTA-cetuximab与[64Cu]Cu-DOTA-cetuximab在EGFR高表达肿瘤内表现出高特异性摄取, 其中[111In]In-DOTA-cetuximab在EGFR高表达的HCC827肿瘤中的摄取值为(26.9 ± 3.10)%ID·g-1。目前, 以p-SCN-Bn为连接臂的螯合体在前列腺癌的靶向核素诊疗研究中已经取得临床进展。如[68Ga]Ga-NGUL是以p-SCN-Bn-NOTA作为螯合体, 连接片段合成的新型PSMA靶向示踪剂, 相比于[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11, 具有更高的病灶浓聚和更快的非靶器官清除速率, 实现mCRPC的高对比度成像[24]。目前, 以p-SCN-Bn-DOTA作为螯合体的[177Lu]Lu-DGUL已进入临床Ⅱ期研究阶段, 在21例患者中, 有8例观察到PSA下降超过50%, 证明其在前列腺癌患者中疗效显著[24]。此外, 早期研究表明212Pb标记的PSMA-SCN增加了肿瘤细胞的摄取[25]。然而目前关于p-SCN-Bn-DOTA对分子亲和力及肿瘤摄取的影响机制鲜有报道。
本研究使用PSMA-SCN作为标记前体, 通过68Ga与177Lu进行标记, 探究PSMA-SCN对于前列腺癌的PET显像诊断与核素治疗能力, 有望为PSMA靶向核药的设计开发提供新思路。
试剂  PSMA-617标记前体(P231202-JH72063, 青岛奎羚生物科技有限公司); 6-氯苯并三氮唑-1, 1, 3, 3-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯(HCTU, 货号: O804759)、碳酸氢钠(货号: S818079)、醋酸钠(货号: S818277)、N, N-二异丙基乙胺(货号: N807281) 购于中国上海迈瑞尔生化科技有限公司; 2-氯三苯甲基树脂、L-谷氨酸二叔丁酯、p-SCN-Bn-DOTA (BD302542、BD14997、BD54364, 中国上海毕得医药科技股份有限公司); Fmoc-N'-((2-丙烯氧基)羰基)-L-赖氨酸[Fmoc-Lys (Alloc), 货号: 1021774]、Fmoc-3-(2-萘基)-L-丙氨酸[Fmoc-3-(2-Nal)-L-Ala, 货号: 1017257]、反式-4-(N-芴甲氧羰基氨基甲基)环己烷甲酸(Fmoc-trans-4-AMC, 货号: 1137789) 购于中国上海皓鸿生物医药科技有限公司; N, N-二甲基甲酰胺、二氯甲烷、甲醇(G76259Z、G81014Z、G75851AC, 中国上海泰坦科技有限公司); 吗啉(M109062, 中国上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司); 三氟乙酸、三光气、四(三苯基膦)钯(T818778、T818744、T799152, 中国上海麦克林生化科技有限公司)。
实验所用细胞系为南京市第一人民医院核医学科惠赠。细胞培养所使用的RPMI-1640基础培养基、DPBS、胎牛血清(FBS)、0.25%胰蛋白酶(T818744、14190144、A5670701、25200114, 美国赛默飞世尔科技有限公司); 青霉素-链霉素双抗溶液(SV30010, 美国Cytiva公司)。
仪器  MicroPET/CT (Inveon Micro-PET/CT, 德国西门子医疗有限公司); 68Ge/68Ga发生器(德国ITM公司); 伽马计数仪(2480 Wizard2, 美国PerkinElmer公司); 高效液相色谱(JASCO HPLC系统)、放射性高效液相色谱(液相色谱系统: LC-2050, 放射性检测器: Flow-count PRO) [岛津企业管理(中国) 有限公司]; 液相色谱-质谱联用仪(LC-MS) (液相色谱: Acquity UPLC系统, 质谱仪: 单四级杆质谱仪, 检测器: SQ Detector 2, 美国Waters公司)。
实验动物  实验动物选用Balb/c Nude雄性小鼠, 4~6周龄, SPF级, 体重20.0 ± 2.0 g, 购于北京集萃药康生物科技股份有限公司, 合格证号: 111447251100195652。小鼠在室温23 ± 2 ℃, 湿度(50 ± 10)%的SPF动物房中饲养, 每小时通风10次, 12/12 h光暗循环, 自由进食进水。实验过程遵循中国医学科学院药物研究所实验动物伦理规范, 伦理证书编号: 00002217。
标记前体PSMA-SCN的化学合成  PSMA-SCN采用多肽固相合成法(solid-phase peptide synthesis, SPPS) 合成(图1)。依次将Fmoc-Lys (Alloc)、经三光气处理的L-谷氨酸二叔丁酯、Fmoc-3-(2-Nal)-L-Ala、Fmoc-trans-4-AMC及p-SCN-Bn-DOTA缩合至氨基树脂上。随后, 使用三氟乙酸裂解所得树脂, 减压蒸馏得到粗品, 经由HPLC纯化, 通过LC-MS进行分析。
[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-SCN与[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-617的标记和质量控制  使用4 mL HCl (0.05 mol·L-1) 淋洗 68Ge/68Ga发生器, 收集中间740 MBq 68GaCl3淋洗液。取10 μL PSMA-SCN或PSMA-617 (1.4 mg·mL-1) 与 68GaCl3淋洗液混合, 加入0.25 mol·L-1醋酸钠溶液调节pH值至4.0, 混合液在85 ℃下反应15 min。反应结束停止加热, 使反应液流过活化后的Sep-pak C18柱, 并用200 μL 75%乙醇收集产物至无菌西林瓶中待用。吸取20 μL标记产物, 使用放射HPLC检验其放射化学纯度。
[177Lu]Lu-PSMA-SCN与[177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617的标记和质量控制  取20 μL PSMA-SCN或PSMA-617 (1.4 mg·mL-1) 与4 mL 177Lu3+溶液(740 MBq) 混合, 加入1 mL 0.25 mol·L-1醋酸钠溶液, 混合液在90 ℃下反应20 min。反应结束停止加热, 使反应液流过活化后的Sep-pak C18柱, 并用200 μL 75%乙醇收集产物至无菌西林瓶中待用。吸取20 μL标记产物, 使用放射HPLC检验其放射化学纯度。
[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-SCN与[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-617的脂水分配系数测定  分别取18.5 MBq上述标记产物[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-SCN或[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-617, 加入2 mL正辛醇∶水(1∶1, v/v) 混合液, 充分混匀后静置分层1 h。分别吸取上层正辛醇与下层水500 μL, 使用伽马计数仪检测上层放射性计数记为CO, 下层放射性计数记为CW, 通过公式Log P = Log (CO/CW) 计算得到脂水分配系数(n = 3)。
[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-SCN与[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-617的体外稳定性测定  取18.5 MBq上述标记产物[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-SCN或[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-617, 分别加入100 μL PBS、FBS或小鼠全血, 混匀后静置4 h。在前处理步骤中, 向100 μL FBS中加入300 μL乙腈, 4 000 r·min-1离心5 min, 取上清液; 100 μL小鼠全血4 000 r·min-1离心5 min, 取上层血浆, 加入300 μL乙腈, 4 000 r·min-1离心5 min, 取上清液; PBS溶液则无需前处理。处理后的样品使用0.22 μm滤膜过滤, 吸取20 μL标记产物, 使用放射HPLC检测其稳定性。
分子对接实验  采用Autodock分子对接技术, 对PSMA靶向分子与受体蛋白进行相互作用分析。研究采用Autodock Vina软件进行, 受体蛋白晶体结构(PDB ID: 1Z8L) 从数据库中下载, 对接位点参考PSMA-617与PSMA蛋白共晶结构的结合口袋[26], 结合模式用PyMoL进行分析。
肿瘤细胞体外培养  本研究中使用的细胞为人前列腺癌细胞LNCaP与PSMA高表达的稳转小鼠前列腺癌细胞RM-1 (PSMA+)。细胞均在37 ℃、5% CO2的细胞培养箱中进行培养, 使用含10% FBS与1%青霉素-链霉素双抗的RPMI-1640培养基。
[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-SCN与[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-617的细胞竞争抑制实验  使用未标记的PSMA-SCN和PSMA-617分别对[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-SCN和[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-617进行细胞竞争抑制实验。向48孔板中培养的RM-1 (PSMA+) 细胞中加入1.11 MBq标记产物与终浓度分别为10-4、10-12 mol·L-1的标记前体溶液, 在37 ℃条件下孵育1 h。使用胰酶消化细胞, 并使用伽马计数仪测定细胞消化液的放射性计数(n = 3)。使用GraphPad Prism 10对所得数据进行拟合, 得到竞争抑制曲线与IC50值。
荷瘤鼠模型构建  使用对数增长期的LNCaP与RM-1 (PSMA+) 肿瘤细胞, 皮下注射细胞于小鼠右侧腋下, 待小鼠皮下形成肿瘤且肿瘤体积约为200 mm3时可进行后续成像与治疗实验。
荷瘤小鼠的microPET/CT成像与扫描
静态成像(n = 3)  LNCaP/RM-1 (PSMA+) 荷瘤模型鼠尾静脉注射3.7 MBq [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-SCN或[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-617。注射1 h后, 使用异氟烷气体进行麻醉, 使用microPET/CT成像仪进行静态成像。处理后获得microPET/CT融合图像, 并分析肿瘤等器官的放射性摄取值。
动态扫描(n = 3)  RM-1 (PSMA+) 荷瘤裸鼠尾静脉注射3.7 MBq [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-SCN或[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-617, 在注射后立刻使用异氟烷气体麻醉小鼠, 进行动态PET扫描, 处理后获得microPET图像, 勾画肿瘤与各主要器官轮廓, 拟合计算1 h内肿瘤与各器官的放射性摄取动态变化。
[177Lu]Lu-PSMA-SCN与[177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617的治疗实验  RM-1 (PSMA+) 荷瘤鼠尾静脉注射14.8 MBq [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-SCN或[177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617, 分别在注射后的0、2、4、6、8、10、12天后对小鼠肿瘤的体积及小鼠体重进行测量(n = 5)。以注射当天小鼠的肿瘤体积为100%绘制小鼠相对肿瘤体积增长曲线, 以注射当天小鼠的体重为100%绘制小鼠体重变化曲线。
统计学方法  本文所有实验数据的统计与绘图均通过GraphPad Prism 10软件进行。多组参数之间的差异比较通过t检验(Student's t test) 进行, 所有数据均表示为平均值±平均值标准误差($ \overline{x} $ ± s)。P < 0.05表示差异具有统计学意义。
本研究使用的标记前体结构如图2A所示, 所得化合物粗品经HPLC纯化后得到纯度 > 95%的目标产物(图2B), 并通过LC-MS确证为目标化合物(图2C), 可用于后续放射性标记与体内实验。
根据螯合体与放射性核素的不同, 选择不同的PSMA靶向配体的放射性标记条件(图3A): 将标记前体与68Ga3+缓冲液(pH = 4.0) 于85 ℃条件下反应15 min, 或与177Lu3+缓冲液(pH = 4.0) 于90 ℃条件下反应20 min。经活化后的Sep-pak C18柱纯化后得到标记产物[68Ga]Ga-/[177Lu]Lu-PSMA-SCN或[68Ga]Ga-/[177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617。产物纯度经HPLC检测均大于95% (图3B)。
实验结果表明, [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-SCN的脂水分配系数为-1.484 ± 0.020, [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-617的脂水分配系数为-1.497 ± 0.027, 二者脂水分配系数相近(P > 0.05), 说明螯合剂p-SCN-Bn-DOTA的引入并未显著改变分子的亲水性, 因此, 对其体内代谢行为的影响可能也较小。进一步对[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-SCN与[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-617的稳定性进行测试, 放射性HPLC结果显示, 二者在PBS、FBS或小鼠全血中孵育4 h后, 均保持良好的稳定性, 原型药物峰面积占比均大于95%, 且未见放射性杂质峰(图3C)。
分子对接技术常用于预测配体和受体蛋白的结合亲和力, 为药物发现和设计提供了重要的理论支持[27]。因此, 作者采用分子对接对PSMA-SCN和PSMA-617与PSMA蛋白的结合模式进行研究。结果如图4A所示, PSMA-SCN和PSMA-617占据PSMA蛋白的相同结合口袋, 且PSMA-SCN的结合自由能为-12.3 kcal·mol-1, 较PSMA-617与PSMA蛋白的结合能-12.0 kcal·mol-1更低, 说明其与PSMA蛋白的亲和力更强, 表明PSMA-SCN与PSMA蛋白的结合能力优于PSMA-617。
为测试[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-SCN对PSMA高表达细胞的特异性结合能力, 作者使用RM-1 (PSMA+) 细胞进行竞争抑制实验。实验结果表明, [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-SCN能与RM-1 (PSMA+) 细胞进行特异性结合, 且IC50为14.60 nmol·L-1, 优于IC50值为15.35 nmol·L-1的[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-617 (图4B)。细胞竞争抑制实验结果与分子对接结果趋势一致, 证明[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-SCN对于靶点的亲和力优于[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-617。
通过microPET/CT对[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-SCN的诊断效果进行评估, PET诊断流程如图5A所示。通过尾静脉向LNCaP荷瘤裸鼠注射3.7 MBq [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-SCN或[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-617, 并于1 h后进行PET/CT显像。结果显示, [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-SCN与[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-617均表现出良好的肿瘤靶向性, 能在肿瘤部位快速积聚(图5B)。定量结果显示, 注射1 h后, [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-SCN在肿瘤部位的放射性摄取值为(46.27 ± 0.45)%ID·g-1, 显著高于[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-617组的(16.8 ± 0.98)%ID·g-1 (图5C), 表明[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-SCN在肿瘤区域的累积明显高于[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-617, 原因可能是引入p-SCN-Bn-DOTA增强了PSMA-SCN对靶点蛋白的亲和力。此外, PET/CT结果表明, [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-SCN与[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-617均主要通过肾脏途径代谢清除, 在其他主要器官(如心脏、肝脏、肺、肌肉等) 的摄取均较低, 表明螯合体结构的改变对靶向分子的体内代谢性质没有显著影响。其中, [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-SCN的肾脏摄取值为(14.37 ± 0.48)%ID·g-1, 高于[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-617的肾脏部位的摄取值(3.63 ± 0.23)%ID·g-1 (图5C)。
为进一步探究PSMA-SCN对PSMA的靶向能力及显像水平, 使用PSMA高表达的稳转小鼠前列腺癌细胞系RM-1 (PSMA+) 构建皮下荷瘤鼠模型, 以此评估[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-SCN针对PSMA高表达肿瘤的显像能力。通过尾静脉向模型鼠注射3.7 MBq [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-SCN或[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-617, 1 h后进行PET成像。PET成像结果(图5D) 与LNCaP皮下荷瘤鼠成像结果趋势相同, 定量分析结果表明, [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-SCN和[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-617均显示出良好的肿瘤摄取能力, [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-SCN在注射1 h后的平均放射性摄取值为(31.15 ± 0.21)%ID·g-1, 而[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-617的摄取值为(13.38 ± 1.44)%ID·g-1 (图5E), 可见[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-SCN在PSMA高表达肿瘤的聚集能力强于[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-617。同时, 在放射性配体的主要代谢器官肾脏中, [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-SCN的摄取值为(3.17 ± 0.05)%ID·g-1, [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-617的摄取值则为(1.08 ± 0.06)%ID·g-1。以上结果均表明, p-SCN-Bn-DOTA的引入, 使PSMA-SCN在肿瘤部位的积聚显著提升, 提高了对PSMA的靶向性。
动态PET扫描能够评估肿瘤和各主要器官的代谢情况以及放射性药物的药代动力学特征。因此, 选择RM-1 (PSMA+) 皮下荷瘤鼠模型在注射[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-SCN或[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-617后的60 min内进行microPET动态扫描, 并对肿瘤和各主要器官的放射性摄取进行定量分析。动态PET图像中可见, [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-SCN与[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-617均呈现显著的肿瘤浓聚, 并且放射性信号随时间推移升高(图6A)。此外, 心脏也存在明显摄取, 但放射性强度随时间推移逐渐降低。定量结果显示, [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-SCN与[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-617在肿瘤与各器官中的放射性摄取变化趋势基本一致: 在注射后极短时间内, 心脏摄取值高, 随后很快下降; 肿瘤与肾脏的摄取均随时间推移逐渐升高, 在20 min左右到达平台期; 其他器官的摄取值均逐渐降低(图6B)。说明[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-SCN与[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-617能迅速从血池中被吸收进入肿瘤部位, 并经由肾脏代谢排出体外。值得注意的是, 动态扫描定量结果中, 注射1 h后[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-SCN的肿瘤摄取值小于同一模型在静态扫描中的定量结果, 推测是动态扫描时小鼠长时间处于麻醉状态, 影响了血流分布, 进而改变了药物在体内的代谢和分布, 导致肿瘤摄取值下降[28, 29]。通过对比[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-SCN与[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-617在各个器官的动态扫描定量结果, 发现二者的体内药代动力学性质相近, 但[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-SCN在肿瘤及各主要器官中的摄取水平均高于[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-617。
静态与动态PET扫描结果均说明螯合体p-SCN-Bn-DOTA的引入可能通过增强靶向分子亲和力的方式增加了[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-SCN的肿瘤摄取。已有研究表明, p-SCN-Bn连接臂可能与PSMA蛋白的活性口袋存在结合。例如, Zhang等[30]的研究揭示了PSMA蛋白中存在一个全新的芳烃结合位点。该位点虽然仅由少数氨基酸残基构成, 但残基中的芳香堆积相互作用显著增强了小分子配体的结合亲和力。Duan等[31]在此基础上, 利用p-SCN-Bn-DOTA作为螯合基团开发了PSMA靶向分子, 证实p-SCN-Bn-DOTA中的芳烃结构能与距离PSMA催化口袋约10个原子距离的芳烃结合位点结合, 从而提升分子与PSMA的结合能力。本研究的实验结果也对上述结论进行了验证。
现有临床数据表明, 尽管[177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617肾脏摄取较高, VISION临床试验(NCT03511664) 中未报告肾毒性事件[16]; 肾脏安全性研究表明, 基于PSMA靶向放射性药物的肾毒性较低, 据此推测[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-SCN较高的肾脏摄取, 不影响使用[177Lu]Lu-PSMA-SCN进行治疗的安全性[32], 此结论在后续[177Lu]Lu-PSMA-SCN的治疗安全性结果中得到证实。
[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-SCN在模型鼠体内表现出显著的成像效果, 表明PSMA-SCN能够在PSMA高表达肿瘤部位富集, 有潜力成为核素治疗mCRPC的候选标记前体, 因此使用治疗型核素177Lu标记PSMA-SCN, 对其治疗效果进行研究。使用RM-1 (PSMA+) 皮下荷瘤鼠作为模型, 荷瘤7天后分别通过尾静脉注射[177Lu]Lu-PSMA-SCN和[177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617作为治疗实验组, 同时注射生理盐水作为对照组(图7A)。治疗效果与安全性通过相对肿瘤体积和体重变化百分比两个指标进行评估。治疗结果显示对照组小鼠肿瘤生长最为迅速, 在治疗12天后平均肿瘤体积超过伦理要求, 因此被实施安乐死; 经[177Lu]Lu-PSMA-SCN和[177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617治疗后, 治疗组的小鼠肿瘤体积增长均有延缓。在治疗第2天, 对照组、[177Lu]Lu-PSMA-SCN治疗组与[177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617治疗组小鼠平均相对肿瘤体积分别为237.3%、129.4%和185.3%, [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-SCN治疗组的平均相对肿瘤体积为对照组的54.5%, 为[177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617治疗组的69.8%; 治疗结束时, [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-SCN治疗组小鼠平均相对肿瘤体积增长675.1%, 为对照组小鼠的80.3%, 为[177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617治疗组的86.6% (图7B)。各组RM-1 (PSMA+) 荷瘤鼠的体重缓慢增长, 在治疗过程中未出现异常变化(图7C)。上述结果均说明[177Lu]Lu-PSMA-SCN的治疗生长抑制效果优于[177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617, 体现出一定的治疗优势。
本研究基于PSMA-617的分子结构, 采用螯合体p-SCN-Bn-DOTA代替DOTA, 合成放射性标记前体分子PSMA-SCN。实验结果表明, PSMA-SCN可实现 68Ga与177Lu的高稳定性标记, 纯化后所得标记产物放射化学纯度大于95%。分子对接和细胞竞争抑制结果表明, p-SCN-Bn-DOTA的引入使PSMA-SCN分子与靶标蛋白亲和力增强。与[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-617相比, [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-SCN展现出更高的肿瘤摄取率, 能够实现PSMA高表达肿瘤的高对比度PET/CT成像。在177Lu治疗实验中, [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-SCN表现出较好的安全性和治疗效果。治疗12天后, 小鼠皮下肿瘤增长受到明显抑制, 治疗效果优于[177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617。基于以上结果, 本研究成功开发了一种PSMA靶向的新型诊疗一体化候选放射性药物, 为PSMA高表达肿瘤的临床诊断与靶向放射治疗提供了新的实践依据。

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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0802
  • 接收时间:2025-07-11
  • 首发时间:2026-09-20
  • 出版时间:2025-10-12
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-11
  • 修回日期:2025-08-11
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    1中国医学科学院北京协和医学院药物研究所, 天然药物及核药基础与新药创制全国重点实验室, 北京 100050
    2苏州大学附属第二医院骨外科, 江苏 苏州 215031
    3南京医科大学附属南京医院、南京市第一医院核医学科, 江苏 南京 211166

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占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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