Article(id=1308816708446552862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308816657934541639, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0795, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1752076800000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-10, revisedDate=1757865600000, revisedDateStr=2025-09-15, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789975819931, onlineDateStr=2026-09-21, pubDate=1768147200000, pubDateStr=2026-01-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789975819931, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789975819931, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789975819931, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1308816657934541639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2026', volume='61', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='320', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1768147200000', pubDateStr='2026-01-12', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789975807888, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789984282344, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1308852202421191556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308816657934541639, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1308852202421191557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308816657934541639, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=204, endPage=213, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1308816708698211103, articleId=1308816708446552862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Effect of Guben Fangxiao Decoction regulating iron metabolism, inhibiting airway epithelial cells ferroptosis and improving the remission period of asthma, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study aims to observe the effects of Guben Fangxiao Decoction (GBFXD) on inhibit ferroptosis of airway epithelial cells by regulating iron metabolism, thereby playing a role in the prevention and treatment of the asthma remission. The animal experiments have been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Animal Experiment Center of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine (approval number: 202401A044). Female Balb/c mice were randomly divided into control group, model group, GBFXD low-, medium-, and high-dose groups [12, 24, 36 g·kg-1 (crude drug)], and montelukast sodium group (2.6 mg·kg-1). Except for the control group, the other groups of mice were used to establish a mouse model of the remission period of asthma with ovalbumin. Hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE) of the lung tissue of mice was observed and the inflammation score was conducted; the levels of interleukin 33 (IL-33), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and high mobility histone B1 (HMGB1) in the lung tissue were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); the expression of solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), and long-chain acyl-CoA synthase 4 (ACSL4) in the lung tissue was observed by immunohistochemistry; the content of lipid peroxides (LPO) and ferrous ions (Fe2+) in the lung tissue was detected. The protein expression levels of SLC7A11, GPX4, ACSL4, transferrin receptor 1 (TFR1), ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1), nuclear receptor co-activator 4 (NCOA4), and ferroportin 1 (FPN1) in 16HBE of each group were detected by Western blot; the expression of Fe2+ in 16HBE of each group was detected. The results of HE staining of lung tissue showed that GBFXD could reduce inflammatory infiltration in the periairway region of mice (P < 0.05). The results of ELISA showed that GBFXD down-regulated the levels of IL-33, TNF-α and HMGB1 in lung tissue of mice (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemical results showed that GBFXD could up-regulate the expression of SLC7A11 and GPX4 in the lung tissue of mice, and down-regulate the expression of ACSL4 (P < 0.05). Biochemical results showed that GBFXD treatment reduced LPO accumulation in lung tissue of mice and Fe2+ accumulation in lung tissue and 16HBE cells (P < 0.05). Western blot results showed that GBFXD up-regulated the expressions of SLC7A11, GPX4, FTH1, FPN1 in 16HBE cells, and down-regulated the expressions of ACSL4, TFR1 and NCOA4 in 16HBE cells (P < 0.05). These results suggest that GBFXD can inhibit ferroptosis of airway epithelial cells, reduce airway epithelial damage, alleviate airway inflammation, and prevent and treat the remission period of asthma. Its mechanism of inhibiting ferroptosis may be related to the regulation of iron metabolism-related protein expression and the reduction of Fe2+ accumulation.

, authors=Yi-nuo WANG1, 2, Xiao-han DAI1, 2, Hua YAN1, 2, Yi-wen SHAN1, 2, Xia ZHAO1, 2, *, authorsList=Yi-nuo WANG, Xiao-han DAI, Hua YAN, Yi-wen SHAN, Xia ZHAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xia ZHAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2026 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1308816709516100390, articleId=1308816708446552862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=固本防哮饮调控铁代谢抑制气道上皮细胞铁死亡改善哮喘缓解期的机制研究, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究旨在探讨固本防哮饮(Guben Fangxiao Decoction, GBFXD) 能否通过调控铁代谢抑制气道上皮细胞铁死亡, 发挥防治哮喘缓解期的作用。动物实验已获得南京中医药大学动物实验中心伦理委员会批准(批准号: 202401A044)。雌性Balb/c小鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、GBFXD-L、M、H [12、24、36 g·kg-1 (生药)]、孟鲁司特钠组(montelukast sodium, Mont, 2.6 mg·kg-1)。除对照组外, 其他各组小鼠采用卵白蛋白(ovalbumins, OVA) 建立哮喘缓解期小鼠模型。观察小鼠肺组织炎性损伤情况; 检测肺组织中白细胞介素33 (interleukin 33, IL-33)、肿瘤坏死因子α (tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α)、高迁移率组蛋白B1 (high mobility histone B1, HMGB1) 水平, 并测定脂质过氧化物(lipid peroxides, LPO)、亚铁离子(ferrous ions, Fe2+) 含量; 观察肺组织溶质载体家族7成员11 (solute carrier family 7 member 11, SLC7A11)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4 (glutathione peroxidase 4, GPX4)、长链酰基辅酶A合酶4 (long-chain acyl-CoA synthase 4, ACSL4) 的表达情况; 检测人气道上皮细胞(human bronchial epithelial cells, 16HBE) 中SLC7A11、GPX4、ACSL4及转铁蛋白受体1 (transferrin receptor 1, TFR1)、铁蛋白重链1 (ferritin heavy chain 1, FTH1)、核受体共激活因子4 (nuclear receptor co-activator 4, NCOA4)、膜铁转运蛋白1 (ferroportin 1, FPN1) 的蛋白及Fe2+表达水平。苏木精-伊红染色(hematoxylin-eosin staining, HE) 结果显示, GBFXD可减少小鼠气道周围炎症浸润(P < 0.05)。酶联免疫法(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA) 结果显示, GBFXD下调小鼠肺组织IL-33、TNF-α、HMGB1水平(P < 0.05)。免疫组化结果显示, GBFXD能上调小鼠肺组织SLC7A11、GPX4的表达, 下调ACSL4的表达(P < 0.05)。生化结果显示, GBFXD可减少小鼠肺组织LPO积累, 减少小鼠肺组织及16HBE细胞Fe2+积累(P < 0.05)。Western blot结果显示, GBFXD可回调铁死亡诱导剂干预下16HBE细胞SLC7A11、GPX4、FTH1、FPN1的低表达, ACSL4、TFR1、NCOA4的高表达(P < 0.05)。上述研究结果表明, 固本防哮饮能够抑制气道上皮细胞铁死亡, 减少气道上皮损伤, 减轻气道炎症, 防治哮喘缓解期, 其抑制铁死亡的作用机制可能与影响铁代谢相关蛋白表达, 减少Fe2+积累有关。

, authors=王一诺1, 2, 代晓寒1, 2, 严花1, 2, 单祎文1, 2, 赵霞1, 2, *, authorsList=王一诺, 代晓寒, 严花, 单祎文, 赵霞, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=赵霞, authorNote=

作者贡献:

王一诺、代晓寒负责实验建立小鼠哮喘缓解期模型和相关实验研究工作; 严花、单祎文参与实验设计、提供研究思路; 赵霞负责指导实验设计与研究方法、提供项目经费支持。

, correspAuthorsNote=
赵霞, E-mail:
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A: Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe the pathological changes of lung tissues in each group of mice (×200); B: Lung tissue inflammation scores of mice; C: The levels of interleukin 33 (IL-33) in the lung tissues of mice were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); D: The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the lung tissues of mice were detected by ELISA; E: The levels of high mobility histone B1 (HMGB1) in the lung tissues of mice were detected by ELISA. n = 5, x±s. #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01 vs control group; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs model group. ns: P > 0.05. GBFXD-L: 12 g·kg-1 (crude drug); GBFXD-M: 24 g·kg-1 (crude drug); GBFXD-H: 36 g·kg-1 (crude drug); Mont: Montelukast sodium 2.6 mg·kg-1, figureFileSmall=scR+OnIh2/Ttdl4J7Auceg==, figureFileBig=HuBAmFY0yaTjgDsZGtT3aw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308816714016588631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308816708446552862, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=ENrVnco3a/BQh135DYsQ7g==, figureFileBig=z3dLOi+lfKEW44sOxYJSDQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308816714096280408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308816708446552862, language=CN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effect of GBFXD on ferroptosis in lung tissue of model mice during the remission period of asthma. A, B: Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) in the lung tissues of mice (×200); C, D: Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) in the lung tissues of mice (×200); E, F: Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of long-chain acyl-coA synthase 4 (ACSL4) in lung tissues of mice (×200); G: Lipid peroxides (LPO) content in lung tissue of mice; H: The content of ferrous ions (Fe2+) in the lung tissues of mice. n = 4 or 5, x±s. #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01 vs control group; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs model group, figureFileSmall=ENrVnco3a/BQh135DYsQ7g==, figureFileBig=z3dLOi+lfKEW44sOxYJSDQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308816714163389273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308816708446552862, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=xKxyBB3hB732V+5vS6QVFQ==, figureFileBig=ePw9+jZTIEWsTeXPTksu0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308816714230498138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308816708446552862, language=CN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effect of the GBFXD-containing serum on ferroptosis of airway epithelial cells (16HBE). A, B: CCK8 and Western blot were used to determine the modeling concentration of erastin; C-F: Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of key markers of ferroptosis in 16HBE cells; G: Detect the Fe2+ content in 16HBE cells; H: CCK8 was used to determine the survival rate of 16HBE cells; I, K: Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of GPX4 in 16HBE cells; J, L-O: Western blot was used to detect the expression of iron metabolism-related proteins ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1), ferroportin 1 (FPN1), transferrin receptor 1 (TFR1), and nuclear receptor co-activator 4 (NCOA4) in 16HBE cells. n =3 or 4, x±s. #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01 vs control group; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs model group. 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固本防哮饮调控铁代谢抑制气道上皮细胞铁死亡改善哮喘缓解期的机制研究
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王一诺 1, 2 , 代晓寒 1, 2 , 严花 1, 2 , 单祎文 1, 2 , 赵霞 1, 2, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2026,61(1): 204-213
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药学学报 |研究论文 2026 , 61 (1) : 204 -213
固本防哮饮调控铁代谢抑制气道上皮细胞铁死亡改善哮喘缓解期的机制研究
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王一诺1, 2, 代晓寒1, 2, 严花1, 2, 单祎文1, 2, 赵霞1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1南京中医药大学附属医院, 江苏 南京 210029
  • 2儿童健康与中医药省高校重点实验室 (南京中医药大学), 江苏 南京 210023
通讯作者:
赵霞, E-mail:
作者简介:

作者贡献:

王一诺、代晓寒负责实验建立小鼠哮喘缓解期模型和相关实验研究工作; 严花、单祎文参与实验设计、提供研究思路; 赵霞负责指导实验设计与研究方法、提供项目经费支持。

Effect of Guben Fangxiao Decoction regulating iron metabolism, inhibiting airway epithelial cells ferroptosis and improving the remission period of asthma
Yi-nuo WANG1, 2, Xiao-han DAI1, 2, Hua YAN1, 2, Yi-wen SHAN1, 2, Xia ZHAO1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
  • 2Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Children's Health and Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
出版时间: 2026-01-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0795
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本研究旨在探讨固本防哮饮(Guben Fangxiao Decoction, GBFXD) 能否通过调控铁代谢抑制气道上皮细胞铁死亡, 发挥防治哮喘缓解期的作用。动物实验已获得南京中医药大学动物实验中心伦理委员会批准(批准号: 202401A044)。雌性Balb/c小鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、GBFXD-L、M、H [12、24、36 g·kg-1 (生药)]、孟鲁司特钠组(montelukast sodium, Mont, 2.6 mg·kg-1)。除对照组外, 其他各组小鼠采用卵白蛋白(ovalbumins, OVA) 建立哮喘缓解期小鼠模型。观察小鼠肺组织炎性损伤情况; 检测肺组织中白细胞介素33 (interleukin 33, IL-33)、肿瘤坏死因子α (tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α)、高迁移率组蛋白B1 (high mobility histone B1, HMGB1) 水平, 并测定脂质过氧化物(lipid peroxides, LPO)、亚铁离子(ferrous ions, Fe2+) 含量; 观察肺组织溶质载体家族7成员11 (solute carrier family 7 member 11, SLC7A11)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4 (glutathione peroxidase 4, GPX4)、长链酰基辅酶A合酶4 (long-chain acyl-CoA synthase 4, ACSL4) 的表达情况; 检测人气道上皮细胞(human bronchial epithelial cells, 16HBE) 中SLC7A11、GPX4、ACSL4及转铁蛋白受体1 (transferrin receptor 1, TFR1)、铁蛋白重链1 (ferritin heavy chain 1, FTH1)、核受体共激活因子4 (nuclear receptor co-activator 4, NCOA4)、膜铁转运蛋白1 (ferroportin 1, FPN1) 的蛋白及Fe2+表达水平。苏木精-伊红染色(hematoxylin-eosin staining, HE) 结果显示, GBFXD可减少小鼠气道周围炎症浸润(P < 0.05)。酶联免疫法(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA) 结果显示, GBFXD下调小鼠肺组织IL-33、TNF-α、HMGB1水平(P < 0.05)。免疫组化结果显示, GBFXD能上调小鼠肺组织SLC7A11、GPX4的表达, 下调ACSL4的表达(P < 0.05)。生化结果显示, GBFXD可减少小鼠肺组织LPO积累, 减少小鼠肺组织及16HBE细胞Fe2+积累(P < 0.05)。Western blot结果显示, GBFXD可回调铁死亡诱导剂干预下16HBE细胞SLC7A11、GPX4、FTH1、FPN1的低表达, ACSL4、TFR1、NCOA4的高表达(P < 0.05)。上述研究结果表明, 固本防哮饮能够抑制气道上皮细胞铁死亡, 减少气道上皮损伤, 减轻气道炎症, 防治哮喘缓解期, 其抑制铁死亡的作用机制可能与影响铁代谢相关蛋白表达, 减少Fe2+积累有关。

固本防哮饮  /  铁死亡  /  铁代谢  /  哮喘缓解期  /  气道上皮细胞

This study aims to observe the effects of Guben Fangxiao Decoction (GBFXD) on inhibit ferroptosis of airway epithelial cells by regulating iron metabolism, thereby playing a role in the prevention and treatment of the asthma remission. The animal experiments have been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Animal Experiment Center of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine (approval number: 202401A044). Female Balb/c mice were randomly divided into control group, model group, GBFXD low-, medium-, and high-dose groups [12, 24, 36 g·kg-1 (crude drug)], and montelukast sodium group (2.6 mg·kg-1). Except for the control group, the other groups of mice were used to establish a mouse model of the remission period of asthma with ovalbumin. Hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE) of the lung tissue of mice was observed and the inflammation score was conducted; the levels of interleukin 33 (IL-33), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and high mobility histone B1 (HMGB1) in the lung tissue were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); the expression of solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), and long-chain acyl-CoA synthase 4 (ACSL4) in the lung tissue was observed by immunohistochemistry; the content of lipid peroxides (LPO) and ferrous ions (Fe2+) in the lung tissue was detected. The protein expression levels of SLC7A11, GPX4, ACSL4, transferrin receptor 1 (TFR1), ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1), nuclear receptor co-activator 4 (NCOA4), and ferroportin 1 (FPN1) in 16HBE of each group were detected by Western blot; the expression of Fe2+ in 16HBE of each group was detected. The results of HE staining of lung tissue showed that GBFXD could reduce inflammatory infiltration in the periairway region of mice (P < 0.05). The results of ELISA showed that GBFXD down-regulated the levels of IL-33, TNF-α and HMGB1 in lung tissue of mice (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemical results showed that GBFXD could up-regulate the expression of SLC7A11 and GPX4 in the lung tissue of mice, and down-regulate the expression of ACSL4 (P < 0.05). Biochemical results showed that GBFXD treatment reduced LPO accumulation in lung tissue of mice and Fe2+ accumulation in lung tissue and 16HBE cells (P < 0.05). Western blot results showed that GBFXD up-regulated the expressions of SLC7A11, GPX4, FTH1, FPN1 in 16HBE cells, and down-regulated the expressions of ACSL4, TFR1 and NCOA4 in 16HBE cells (P < 0.05). These results suggest that GBFXD can inhibit ferroptosis of airway epithelial cells, reduce airway epithelial damage, alleviate airway inflammation, and prevent and treat the remission period of asthma. Its mechanism of inhibiting ferroptosis may be related to the regulation of iron metabolism-related protein expression and the reduction of Fe2+ accumulation.

Guben Fangxiao Decoction  /  ferroptosis  /  iron metabolism  /  asthma in remission stage  /  airway epithelial cell
王一诺, 代晓寒, 严花, 单祎文, 赵霞. 固本防哮饮调控铁代谢抑制气道上皮细胞铁死亡改善哮喘缓解期的机制研究. 药学学报, 2026 , 61 (1) : 204 -213 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0795
Yi-nuo WANG, Xiao-han DAI, Hua YAN, Yi-wen SHAN, Xia ZHAO. Effect of Guben Fangxiao Decoction regulating iron metabolism, inhibiting airway epithelial cells ferroptosis and improving the remission period of asthma[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2026 , 61 (1) : 204 -213 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0795
哮喘是儿童常见的一种反复发作的哮鸣咳喘性肺系疾病, 以气道慢性炎症、气道重塑和气道高反应性为特征[1]。气道上皮细胞是机体与外界环境的第一道物理屏障[2]。目前研究认为气道上皮细胞损伤导致的屏障功能障碍是导致哮喘的主要原因之一[3]。
固本防哮饮是全国著名中医儿科专家江育仁教授的经验方, 由玉屏风散和异功散加减而来, 具有补肺固表、健脾化痰的功效。有临床研究表明, 固本防哮饮是治疗儿童哮喘缓解期肺脾气虚证的有效方剂, 临床应用安全[4]。课题组前期研究发现, 固本防哮饮防治哮喘缓解期的作用机制可能与抑制氧化应激, 减轻炎症[5]及增加气道上皮连接蛋白表达, 修复气道上皮屏障有关[6]。
铁死亡是近年来发现的一种铁依赖性的细胞程序性死亡方式。最新研究表明, 铁死亡在呼吸系统疾病的发病机制中发挥着重要作用[7]。当气道上皮细胞发生铁死亡后, 气道上皮结构受损, 气道屏障被破坏, 使气道上皮细胞对外界刺激的敏感度增加; 同时研究发现, 当气道上皮细胞发生铁死亡后会释放白细胞介素33 (interleukin 33, IL-33)、高迁移率组蛋白B1 (high mobility histone B1, HMGB1) 等上皮警报蛋白[8], 在Th2免疫上游发挥作用, 影响气道炎症、黏液高分泌、气道重塑等哮喘主要病理特征的发生发展[9]。本实验旨在通过观察固本防哮饮对哮喘缓解期气道上皮细胞铁死亡及铁代谢相关蛋白的影响, 探讨其防治哮喘缓解期气道上皮损伤的潜在作用机制。
动物及细胞    SPF级雌性Balb/c小鼠42只, 4周龄, 13 ± 2 g, 购自杭州医学院, 实验动物许可证号: SCXK (浙) 2024-0002。实验程序已获得南京中医药大学动物实验中心伦理委员会批准(批准号: 202401A044)。SPF级雄性SD大鼠40只, 200 ± 20 g, 购自江苏青龙山生物科技有限公司, 实验动物许可证号SCXL (苏) 2024-0001。实验程序已获得南京中医药大学动物实验中心伦理委员会批准(批准号: 202405A014)。动物均饲养于南京中医药大学实验动物中心, 温度27 ℃, 湿度50%, 自由饮水和进食, 12 h昼夜交替。16HBE细胞由儿童健康与中医药省高校重点实验室(南京中医药大学) 馈赠。
药物制备    中药复方固本防哮饮组成: 炙黄芪∶党参∶白术∶茯苓∶防风∶辛夷∶蝉蜕∶五味子∶煅牡蛎∶陈皮∶生甘草= 15 g∶10 g∶10 g∶10 g∶3 g∶6 g∶6 g∶6 g∶15 g∶6 g∶3 g, 以上药物均购自江苏省中医院。煎煮方法: 根据课题组前期实验方法, 将药物于8倍量饮用水中浸泡30 min, 武火煮沸后以文火煎煮30 min后滤出; 第二煎取6倍水武火煮沸后以文火煎煮30 min后滤出, 合并两次药液。使用真空旋转蒸发仪将其制备为生药量3 g·mL-1的浓缩药液备用。孟鲁司特钠片(欧意药业有限公司, 产品批号Q232311005), 研磨成粉末后, 饮用水溶解配制成0.26 mg·mL-1的溶液。
试剂    卵白蛋白(OVA, Sigma-Aldrich公司, gradeⅡ, 货号A5253; gradeⅤ, 货号A5503); 4%氢氧化铝凝胶(陕西中晖赫彩生物医药科技有限公司, 货号BA0903); IL-33 ELISA试剂盒(湖南艾方生物科技有限公司, 货号AF30395-A); 肿瘤坏死因子α (tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α) ELISA试剂盒、HMGB1 ELISA试剂盒、亚铁离子比色法测试盒、细胞亚铁比色法测试盒(武汉Elabscience公司, 货号E-EL-M3063、E-EL-M0676、E-BC-K773-M、E-BC-K881-M); 脂质过氧化物(lipid peroxides, LPO) 测试盒(南京建成生物工程研究所, 货号A106-1); 铁死亡激活剂erastin、铁死亡抑制剂铁抑素-1 (ferrostatin-1, Fer-1)(MCE公司, 货号HY-15763、HY-100579); 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4 (glutathione peroxidase 4, GPX4) 抗体(江苏亲科生物研究中心有限公司, 货号#DF6701; Immunoway公司, 货号#YN3047); 溶质载体家族7成员11 (solute carrier family 7 member 11, SLC7A11) 抗体(江苏亲科生物研究中心有限公司, 货号#DF12509; 武汉三鹰生物技术有限公司, 货号26864-1-AP); 长链酰基辅酶A合酶4 (long-chain acyl-CoA synthase 4, ACSL4) 抗体(江苏亲科生物研究中心有限公司, 货号#DF12141; 武汉三鹰生物技术有限公司, 货号66617-1-Ig); 转铁蛋白受体1 (transferrin receptor 1, TFR1) 抗体、铁蛋白重链1 (ferritin heavy chain 1, FTH1) 抗体、核受体共激活因子4 (nuclear receptor co-activator 4, NCOA4) 抗体、膜铁转运蛋白1 (ferroportin 1, FPN1) 抗体(江苏亲科生物研究中心有限公司, 货号#AF5343、#DF6278、#DF4255、#DF13561); β-肌动蛋白(β-actin, ACTB) 抗体(武汉三鹰生物技术有限公司, 货号66009-1-Ig); 山羊抗兔二抗(Immunoway公司, 货号#RS0002); 山羊抗鼠二抗(亚科因生物技术公司, 货号A21010); BCA蛋白浓度测定试剂盒(Thermo公司, 货号23227); RIPA裂解液(上海碧云天生物技术股份有限公司, 货号P0013B); ECL化学发光超敏显色试剂盒(Yeasen公司, 货号36208ES76); 蛋白印迹膜再生液/抗体剥离液(苏州新赛美生物科技有限公司, 货号WB6500); 苏木精-伊红(hematoxylin-eosin staining, HE) 高清恒染试剂盒(武汉赛维尔生物科技有限公司, 货号G1076)。
仪器    旋转蒸发仪(上海Eyela公司, 型号N-1200B); 光学显微镜(日本Olympus公司, 型号BX43F); 混合球磨仪(德国Retsch公司, 型号MM400); 多功能酶标仪(瑞士Tecan公司, 型号Infinite M200 pro); 高速冷冻离心机(德国Eppendorf公司, 型号5810R); Power Pac Basic垂直电泳仪、凝胶成像系统(美国Bio-Rad公司, 型号041BR123579、731BR02543)。
动物分组、造模与给药    选择4周龄的雌性SPF级Balb/c小鼠, 13 ± 2 g适应性饲养1周, 除对照组外的小鼠分别在第1、8、15天给予腹腔注射0.2 mL致敏液(OVA 100 μg, 氢氧化铝1 mg, 溶于生理盐水) 致敏。第22天起将小鼠放入雾化盒中, 以2.5% OVA溶解于生理盐水雾化吸入30 min激发, 连续6周, 每周激发3次, 共激发18次, 对照组小鼠以同体积生理盐水代替OVA溶液。末次激发后(第64天), 将模型小鼠分为5组, 即模型组(饮用水20 mL·kg-1)、孟鲁司特钠组(2.6 mg·kg-1)、固本防哮饮低、中、高剂量组[12 g、24 g、36 g·kg-1 (生药)]。固本防哮饮及孟鲁司特钠每日灌胃给药1次, 共4周, 对照组和模型组给予等体积饮用水灌胃[6]。根据《中药药理研究方法学》中人与动物体型系数折算等效剂量[10], 其中固本防哮饮中剂量组与孟鲁司特钠组剂量为临床等效剂量。
固本防哮饮含药血清制备    采用8周龄SPF级雄性SD大鼠40只, 体重200 ± 20 g, 适应性饲养3天后, 随机分成空白组和固本防哮饮低、中、高剂量组, 每组10只。参照实验动物和人体临床用药剂量换算公式, 按8岁儿童给药量, 固本防哮饮低、中、高剂量组分别以每只大鼠8.5、17、25.5 g·kg-1 (生药) 剂量灌胃给药, 每天1次, 连续灌胃7天。末次给药前12 h禁食, 不禁水, 并于末次灌胃后1 h, 进行腹腔麻醉, 腹主动脉取血, 3 000 r·min-1离心15 min, 分离血清, 56 ℃水浴30 min灭活, 用0.22 μmol·L-1微孔滤膜过滤, 分装, -80 ℃保存备用。
细胞培养、分组及给药    16HBE细胞培养于10 cm细胞培养皿, 置于(环境条件为37 ℃、5% CO2) 培养箱中, 所用培养基为含10% FBS和1%青/链霉素的RPMI-1640。待生长状态良好的细胞接近铺满单层时, 胰酶消化传入6孔板中, 待细胞长至60%, 换用无血清的RPMI-1640培养基饥饿处理24 h。按照随机化分配原则将细胞分为对照组(15%空白血清)、模型组(15 μmol·L-1 erastin溶液+15%空白血清)、固本防哮饮低剂量组(15 μmol·L-1 erastin溶液+15%固本防哮饮低剂量含药血清)、固本防哮饮中剂量组(15 μmol·L-1 erastin溶液+15%固本防哮饮中剂量含药血清)、固本防哮饮高剂量组(15 μmol·L-1 erastin溶液+15%固本防哮饮高剂量含药血清)、Fer-1组(15 μmol·L-1 erastin溶液+15%空白血清+1 μmol·L-1 Fer-1溶液), 造模24 h。
HE染色观察小鼠肺组织病理变化    每组随机选择5只小鼠肺组织制备石蜡切片, 进行HE染色, 观察气道周围炎症浸润情况。炎症评分标准参考文献[11]: 0分=无炎症; 1分=偶尔出现炎症细胞; 2分=大多数支气管被1或2层炎症细胞层包围; 3分=大多数支气管被3~5层炎症细胞层包围; 4分=大多数支气管被 > 5层炎症细胞层包围。
ELISA法检测小鼠肺组织IL-33、TNF-α、HMGB1水平    称取10~15 mg肺组织, 研磨匀浆, 4 ℃、16 000 ×g离心30 min, 取上清; 使用BCA试剂盒检测总蛋白浓度, 定浓度为3 μg·μL-1。按试剂盒说明书分别检测IL-33、TNF-α、HMGB1水平。
免疫组化法观察小鼠肺组织GPX4、SLC7A11、ACSL4表达    将石蜡切片脱蜡后, 进行抗原修复, 将切片放入3%双氧水溶液, 室温避光孵育25 min, PBS洗涤3次后室温封闭30 min。一抗4 ℃孵育过夜, PBS洗涤后二抗室温孵育50 min。加DAB显色, 复染细胞核, 脱水封片。
小鼠肺组织中LPO含量检测    取12 mg肺组织, 加入108 μL生理盐水匀浆, 按说明书采用LPO测试盒检测小鼠肺组织LPO含量。
小鼠肺组织中亚铁离子含量检测    取10 mg新鲜肺组织, 加入0.3 mL提取剂匀浆, 12 000 ×g离心10 min, 取上清液。按说明书采用亚铁离子比色法测试盒检测小鼠肺组织亚铁离子含量。
细胞亚铁离子检测    将收集好的细胞按每1×106个细胞加入0.1 mL缓冲液, 混匀后放置在冰盒上裂解10 min, 15 000 ×g离心10 min, 取上清液备用。按说明书采用细胞亚铁离子比色法测试盒检测16HBE细胞的亚铁离子含量。
Western blot检测16HBE细胞中GPX4、SLC7A11、ACSL4、TFR、FTH、NCOA4、FPN蛋白表达    细胞用配制好的裂解液冰上裂解15 min, 将细胞刮下吸入EP管中超声处理, 12 000 r·min-1、4 ℃离心15 min, 取上清液。BCA法测定蛋白浓度, 测定浓度后进行蛋白变性, 分装后-20 ℃保存备用。取蛋白于合适的凝胶中进行电泳, PVDF膜转膜, 封闭。一抗4 ℃孵育过夜, TBST洗涤后, 二抗室温孵育1 h, TBST洗涤后, 经ECL化学发光法曝光。
统计学分析    统计分析采用GraphPad Prism 7软件对实验数据进行统计学分析。计量资料以均数±标准差(x ± s) 表示, 采用单因素方差分析进行多组间比较, 以P < 0.05为差异具有统计学意义。
使用HE染色, 在光学显微镜下观察各组小鼠肺组织的病理变化, 发现对照组小鼠气道周围未见明显的炎症细胞浸润, 气道上皮细胞分布连续, 气管壁未见明显增厚。模型组小鼠气道周围炎症细胞浸润增加, 气管壁增厚, 气道上皮细胞分布的连续性降低。经固本防哮饮及孟鲁司特钠治疗后, 气道周围炎症细胞浸润较模型组减少, 气道壁增厚改善, 气道上皮细胞分布的连续性增加(图1A)。相比于对照组, 模型组小鼠气道炎性评分升高(P < 0.01); 与模型组相比, 固本防哮饮各剂量及孟鲁司特钠干预后, 小鼠气道炎性评分降低(P < 0.05, P < 0.01) (图1B)。
通过ELISA实验检测各组小鼠肺组织匀浆中IL-33、TNF-α、HMGB1的水平发现, 与对照组相比, 模型组小鼠肺组织匀浆中IL-33、TNF-α及HMGB1的水平升高(P < 0.05, P < 0.01)。与模型组相比, 固本防哮饮各剂量组及孟鲁司特钠组小鼠肺组织匀浆中IL-33、HMGB1水平降低(P < 0.05, P < 0.01); 固本防哮饮各剂量组TNF-α水平呈下降趋势, 其中固本防哮饮中剂量组及孟鲁司特钠组TNF-α的水平降低具有显著性差异(P < 0.05) (图1C~E)。以上结果表明, 固本防哮饮可降低哮喘缓解期模型小鼠的气道炎症, 增加气道上皮细胞连续性, 减少气道上皮损伤。
使用免疫组化检测各组小鼠肺组织铁死亡关键标志物的表达情况, 结果如图2A~F所示, 与对照组相比, 模型组小鼠肺组织SLC7A11、GPX4表达降低(P < 0.05, P < 0.01), ACSL4表达升高(P < 0.01)。与模型组相比, 固本防哮饮中、高剂量组及孟鲁司特钠组小鼠肺组织SLC7A11表达升高(P < 0.05, P < 0.01), 固本防哮饮中剂量组及孟鲁司特钠组GPX4表达升高(P < 0.01), 固本防哮饮低、中剂量组及孟鲁司特钠组ACSL4表达降低(P < 0.05, P < 0.01)。
对各组小鼠肺组织的LPO、Fe2+含量进行检测发现, 与对照组相比, 模型组小鼠肺组织LPO含量增加(P < 0.01)。与模型组相比, 固本防哮饮中、高剂量组及孟鲁司特钠组小鼠肺组织LPO含量减少(P < 0.05, P < 0.01), 固本防哮饮低剂量组小鼠肺组织LPO含量差异无统计学意义(图2G)。与对照组相比, 模型组小鼠肺组织Fe2+含量增加(P < 0.01)。与模型组相比, 固本防哮饮各剂量组小鼠肺组织Fe2+含量减少(P < 0.05, P < 0.01), 孟鲁司特钠组小鼠肺组织亚铁离子含量差异无统计学意义(图2H)。以上结果提示, 固本防哮饮可上调哮喘缓解期模型小鼠肺组织抵御铁死亡的关键标志物SLC7A11、GPX4的表达, 减少介导细胞膜脂质过氧化的ACSL4表达, 降低LPO及Fe2+的含量, 发挥抑制铁死亡的作用。
Erastin是一种作用于system Xc-, 进而抑制GPX4活性, 最终引发铁死亡的特异性诱导剂[12-14]。因此, 为进一步研究固本防哮饮对气道上皮细胞铁死亡的影响, 使用erastin诱导气道上皮细胞发生铁死亡(图3A、B), 用固本防哮饮低、中、高剂量含药血清进行干预。
Western blot检测各组16HBE细胞铁死亡关键标志物的表达(图3C)。结果发现与对照组相比, 模型组SLC7A11、GPX4表达降低(P < 0.01), ACSL4表达升高(P < 0.05)。与模型组相比, 固本防哮饮低、中剂量含药血清组SLC7A11、GPX4表达升高(P < 0.05), 固本防哮饮低、中、高剂量含药血清组ACSL4表达降低(P < 0.05, P < 0.01), (图3D~F)。采用细胞亚铁离子比色法测试盒检测各组16HBE细胞Fe2+的含量, 与对照组相比, 模型组Fe2+含量升高(P < 0.01)。与模型组相比, 固本防哮饮中、高剂量含药血清组Fe2+含量降低(P < 0.05), (图3G)。引入铁死亡抑制剂(ferrostatin-1, Fer-1) 后发现, 固本防哮饮中剂量组对GPX4的回调作用与该抑制剂的作用一致, 见图3H、I、K。以上结果提示, 固本防哮饮可有效抑制气道上皮细胞铁死亡, 减少气道上皮损伤。
由于铁代谢是铁死亡发生的中心环节, 为了探究固本防哮饮对铁代谢的影响, 通过Western blot检测各组16HBE细胞铁代谢相关蛋白的表达情况(图3J)。结果显示, 与对照组相比, 模型组FTH1、FPN1表达降低(P < 0.01, P < 0.05), TFR1、NCOA4表达升高(P < 0.01, P < 0.05)。与模型组相比, 固本防哮饮中、高剂量含药血清组FTH1表达升高(P < 0.05, P < 0.01), 固本防哮饮高剂量含药血清组FPN1表达升高(P < 0.05), 固本防哮饮各剂量含药血清组TFR1表达降低(P < 0.05, P < 0.01), NCOA4表达降低(P < 0.05) (图3L~O)。以上结果提示, 固本防哮饮可以通过调控铁的摄取、储存、输出等过程影响气道上皮细胞铁代谢, 进而发挥抑制气道上皮细胞铁死亡的作用。
中医认为, 哮喘的主要病变部位在肺、脾、肾。儿童哮喘缓解期咳喘已平, 临床以肺脾气虚证为主。肺主气司呼吸, 主宣发肃降, 肺气亏虚, 机体易被外邪所侵, 行气无力; 脾主运化水液, 脾胃虚弱, 运化功能失常, 易致水液停滞, 治疗应扶正以治其本[15]。固本防哮饮是全国著名中医儿科专家江育仁教授的经验方, 由玉屏风散和异功散加减而来, 以炙黄芪为君药, 补肺健脾固表止汗[16]; 陈皮、党参、白术、茯苓为臣药, 助黄芪健脾益气, 运化水湿; 佐以辛夷、防风、蝉蜕、煅牡蛎、五味子, 固表祛风止汗; 以甘草为使, 调和诸药, 共奏补肺固表, 健脾化痰之功[17]。
气道上皮细胞是吸入过敏原、病毒和颗粒的一线传感器, 面对刺激时可以释放出一系列介质, 协调炎症和免疫反应, 是哮喘免疫反应失调的关键驱动因素[18-20]。目前哮喘与铁死亡的研究主要聚焦在气道上皮细胞, 细胞发生铁死亡后会释放IL-33和HMGB1等细胞因子[21]。IL-33可以激活ILC2, 诱导Th2细胞因子(如IL-5、IL-13) 以及非Th2细胞因子(如TNF-α、IL-8) 的产生[22]; HMGB1是一种核蛋白, 除了免疫细胞的活性分泌外[23], HMGB1还作为一种损伤相关分子模式, 可以由死亡、垂死或受伤的气道上皮细胞释放, 促进促炎免疫细胞的募集和激活[24]。因此, 当气道上皮损伤后, 释放的相关细胞因子会诱导加重气道的炎症反应。本研究结果表明, 固本防哮饮及孟鲁司特钠干预均能减轻哮喘缓解期模型小鼠气道周围的炎症浸润水平, 降低肺组织IL-33、TNF-α、HMGB1的水平, 提示固本防哮饮可有效降低哮喘缓解期气道炎症。
铁代谢、system Xc-/GPX4抗氧化系统、ACSL4参与的细胞膜脂质过氧化是气道上皮细胞诱导哮喘发病的重要分子机制[25]。当气道上皮细胞铁代谢平衡被打破后, 具有不稳定性和高反应活性的Fe2+在细胞内出现过量堆积, 通过芬顿反应生成羟自由基[26], 与组成细胞膜脂质双层的多不饱和脂肪酸(polyunsaturated fatty acid, PUFA) 结合[27], 促进ACSL4参与的细胞膜脂质过氧化的发生, 进而改变PUFA的分子构型, 破坏气道上皮细胞膜的流动性和稳定性, 加速细胞破裂, 发生铁死亡[28]。生理状态下system Xc-/GPX4抗氧化系统可以清除自由基, 维持其含量的平衡, 降低脂质过氧化水平, 抵抗铁死亡的发生发展[29]。但当铁死亡发生时, 常伴随system Xc-/GPX4抗氧化系统的功能失常, 自由基平衡状态被打破, 加速细胞膜脂质过氧化, 诱导氧化应激, 加重铁死亡, 导致气道上皮损伤。本研究结果表明, 固本防哮饮可上调抵御铁死亡的关键标志物GPX4、SLC7A11的表达水平, 降低ACSL4的表达, 减少LPO及Fe2+的积累, 提示固本防哮饮可以通过抑制铁死亡, 减少气道上皮细胞损伤, 进而防治哮喘缓解期。
铁是生物体内最重要的微量元素之一, 正常生理情况下, 机体可以通过调节铁的摄取、储存、输出等, 来维持铁元素的代谢平衡[30]。转铁蛋白(transferrin, TF) 是一种高亲和力的铁结合蛋白, 与细胞膜上的TFR1结合形成TF-TFR1复合物[31]。细胞外铁离子以Fe3+形式存在, 与该复合物结合后通过内吞作用使Fe3+进入细胞内。进入细胞内的Fe3+被金属还原酶还原为Fe2+, 最终释放到细胞质内的不稳定铁池[32]。不稳定铁池内的Fe2+被FTH1氧化为Fe3+后, 一部分与铁蛋白结合将其储存在细胞内, 参与细胞内不同的生物过程; 另一部分通过位于细胞膜上的FPN1重新转运至细胞外, 参与机体的各项生理活动[33]。NCOA4是一种介导铁自噬的蛋白, 可与FTH1结合[34], 使其发生自噬, 进而减少FTH1的表达, 使游离的Fe2+无法被氧化结合, 参与后续胞内的正常生物过程[35]。在铁的摄取、储存、输出过程中, 任何一个环节受到影响, 都会引发不稳定铁池的容量变化, 导致铁代谢失常, 诱导铁死亡的发生。本研究结果表明, 固本防哮饮含药血清干预可降低气道上皮细胞TFR1、NCOA4的蛋白表达, 增加FTH1、FPN1的蛋白表达, 降低气道上皮细胞内的Fe2+积累, 提示固本防哮饮可通过调控铁代谢发挥抑制铁死亡的作用。
综上, 固本防哮饮能调控气道上皮细胞的铁代谢, 抑制铁死亡的发生, 从而减少气道上皮细胞损伤, 降低气道炎症, 发挥防治哮喘缓解期的作用。但本次研究未深入探讨固本防哮饮通过何种机制影响铁代谢相关蛋白的表达, 仍需进一步研究。

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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0795
  • 接收时间:2025-07-10
  • 首发时间:2026-09-21
  • 出版时间:2026-01-12
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-10
  • 修回日期:2025-09-15
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作者信息
    1南京中医药大学附属医院, 江苏 南京 210029
    2儿童健康与中医药省高校重点实验室 (南京中医药大学), 江苏 南京 210023

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赵霞, E-mail:
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0795
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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