Article(id=1308816765845602502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308816657934541639, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0560, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1747324800000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-16, revisedDate=1758038400000, revisedDateStr=2025-09-17, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789975833616, onlineDateStr=2026-09-21, pubDate=1768147200000, pubDateStr=2026-01-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789975833616, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789975833616, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789975833616, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1308816657934541639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2026', volume='61', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='320', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1768147200000', pubDateStr='2026-01-12', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789975807888, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789984282344, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1308852202421191556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308816657934541639, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1308852202421191557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308816657934541639, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=222, endPage=232, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1308816766277615815, articleId=1308816765845602502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Metabolomics-based analysis of the interventional effects of peroxydehydrotumulosic acid in Poria cocos on airway inflammation in asthma, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The study aims to investigate the interventional effect of peroxydehydrotumulosic acid (PHA) in Poria cocos on allergic asthma mice, and to investigate its mechanism of action based on metabolomics. Male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into normal group (CON), model group (M), positive drug montelukastna group (Y, 1.3 mg·kg-1), PHA low-dose group (PHA-L, 15 mg·kg-1), and PHA high-dose group (PHA-H, 30 mg·kg-1). The mouse model of allergic asthma was established by intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin (OVA) and aluminium hydroxide adjuvant for sensitisation and OVA nebulisation for excitation. The corresponding drugs were given by gavage 30 min before modelling, and the drugs were administered for 7 consecutive days. 24 h after the last administration of the drugs, the mice were tested for cough and asthma indexes, lung function and lung coefficient, the mice were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) to observe the pathological changes of the lung histology, and the mice were stained with Masson to observe the level of collagen fibre deposition, and the levels of inflammatory factors in the serum and alveolar lavage fluid of the mice were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and flow cytometry to determine the levels of inflammatory factors in the mice. Apoptotic cell levels in lung tissue and Th17 and Tregs cell levels in blood were detected by flow cytometry, and small molecule metabolites were analysed by liquid-liquid mass spectrometry (LC-MS) in serum samples of mice of different treatment groups. The metabolic pathway enrichment analysis was used to investigate the biometabolic pathways involved in the characterised metabolites. The results indicated a comparison with group M, PHA significantly improved lung function, reduced lung coefficient, attenuated lung histopathological damage and collagen fibre deposition, significantly down-regulated the levels of interleukin 4 (IL4), immunoglobulin E (IgE), interleukin 17A (IL17A) in blood and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in alveolar lavage fluid, inhibited apoptosis and the generation of Th17 cells, and increased the level of Tregs cells in lung tissue. Metabolomics analysis of endogenous substances in the M and PHA groups separated significantly, and 63 differential metabolites were screened, mainly involving arachidonic acid metabolism, retinol metabolism, biosynthesis of phenylalanine, tryptophan, and tyrosine, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and tyrosine metabolism. PHA can improve the pathological state of mice with asthma by inhibiting the production of inflammatory factors IL4 and IL17A, hindering the recruitment of inflammatory cells, and regulating some differential metabolites and metabolic pathway disorders. The animal experiment was approved and supervised by the Animal Ethics Committee of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (ethics number: DWLL2018080003).

, authors=Qi-mei TIE1, 2, Meng-nan ZENG1, 2, Bei-bei ZHANG1, 2, Yan-ling CHEN1, 2, Chao-yuan XIAO1, 2, Lin CHEN1, 2, Ke-rui KANG1, Jia-yin JIN1, Wei-sheng FENG1, 2, 3, Xiao-ke ZHENG1, 2, 3, *, authorsList=Qi-mei TIE, Meng-nan ZENG, Bei-bei ZHANG, Yan-ling CHEN, Chao-yuan XIAO, Lin CHEN, Ke-rui KANG, Jia-yin JIN, Wei-sheng FENG, Xiao-ke ZHENG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiao-ke ZHENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2026 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1308816769293320404, articleId=1308816765845602502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=基于代谢组学分析茯苓中过氧去氢土莫酸对哮喘气道炎症的干预作用, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

探究茯苓中过氧去氢土莫酸(peroxydehydrotumulosic acid, PHA) 对过敏性哮喘小鼠的干预作用, 并基于代谢组学探究其作用机制。雄性BALB/c小鼠随机分为正常组(CON)、模型组(M)、阳性药孟鲁斯特钠组(Y, 1.3 mg·kg-1)、PHA低剂量组(PHA-L, 15 mg·kg-1) 和PHA高剂量组(PHA-H, 30 mg·kg-1)。采用腹腔注射卵清蛋白(ovalbumin, OVA) 和氢氧化铝佐剂进行致敏, OVA雾化激发建立过敏性哮喘小鼠模型。造模前30 min灌胃给予相应药物, 连续给药7天, 最后一次给药24 h后检测小鼠咳喘指标、肺功能、肺系数, 苏木精-伊红(hematoxylin-eosin, HE) 染色观察小鼠肺组织病理变化, 马松(Masson) 染色观察其胶原纤维沉积水平, 酶联免疫吸附(ELISA) 测定小鼠血清和肺泡灌洗液中炎症因子水平, 流式细胞术检测小鼠肺组织凋亡细胞水平以及血中Th17、Tregs细胞水平, 采用液质联用技术(LC-MS), 对不同处理组小鼠的血清样本小分子代谢产物进行分析, 运用主成分分析(principal component analysis, PCA) 与偏最小二乘判别分析(orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis, OPLS-DA) 等多元统计方法, 筛选差异代谢物并通过代谢通路富集分析, 探究特征代谢物所参与的生物代谢途径。结果显示, 与M组相比, PHA组可以显著改善小鼠的肺功能, 降低肺系数, 减轻肺组织病理损伤和胶原纤维沉积, 显著下调血清中白介素4 (interleukin 4, IL4)、免疫球蛋白E (immunoglobulin E, IgE)、白介素17A (interleukin 17A, IL17A) 以及肺泡灌洗液中肿瘤坏死因子α (tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α) 的水平, 抑制肺组织细胞凋亡以及Th17细胞的生成, 增加Tregs细胞水平。代谢组学分析M组与PHA组内源性物质分离明显, 筛选出差异代谢物63个, 标志性差异代谢物11个, 主要涉及花生四烯酸代谢, 视黄醇代谢, 苯丙氨酸、色氨酸、酪氨酸的生物合成, 甘油磷脂代谢和酪氨酸代谢。PHA可以通过抑制炎症因子IL4、IL17A的产生, 阻碍炎症细胞的招募, 调节部分差异代谢物及代谢通路紊乱, 从而改善哮喘的小鼠的病理状态。动物实验获得河南中医药大学动物伦理委员会批准和监督(伦理编号: DWLL2018080003)。

, authors=铁玘美1, 2, 曾梦楠1, 2, 张贝贝1, 2, 陈艳玲1, 2, 肖超远1, 2, 陈霖1, 2, 康珂瑞1, 靳佳音1, 冯卫生1, 2, 3, 郑晓珂1, 2, 3, *, authorsList=铁玘美, 曾梦楠, 张贝贝, 陈艳玲, 肖超远, 陈霖, 康珂瑞, 靳佳音, 冯卫生, 郑晓珂, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=郑晓珂, authorNote=

作者贡献:

铁玘美、郑晓珂、冯卫生负责实验设计、数据分析、文稿修改、提供研究经费; 曾梦楠、张贝贝负责实验设计、文稿修改、对实验过程中遇到的问题给予指导; 肖超远负责化合物的分离与纯化; 陈艳玲、陈霖、康珂瑞、靳佳音负责实验操作、数据整理。

, correspAuthorsNote=
郑晓珂, Tel: 86-371-60190296, E-mail:
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A: Structural formula of peroxydehydrotumulosic acid (2D); B: Effect of PHA on C48/80-induced degranulation of RBL cells (10×). The red arrow represents the degranulation state of this cell. CON: Normal group; C48/80: C48/80 modelling group; PHA: Peroxydehydrotumulosic acid treatment group (10 μmol·L-1), figureFileSmall=9FgaxfOgrVlm4Xap82oQfg==, figureFileBig=FI4I5Z2ka4Thkn21F9gvbA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308816774137741615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308816765845602502, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=yHAEr8rSz5KT3QjuzzdGiA==, figureFileBig=N2Q/Axy8VH4wpYtJUbtYWA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308816774217433392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308816765845602502, language=CN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effect of PHA on lung function in ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitised asthmatic mice. A: Airway stenosis index; B: Respiratory rate; C: Tidal volume; D: Exhalation time; E: Inhalation time; F: Number of coughs and wheezes; G: Latency of coughs and wheezes (A-G, n = 3); H: Lung coefficients of HE staining (10×) and Masson staining (10×) of mouse lung tissues, with red arrows representing inflammatory cell infiltration and alveolar wall thickening, and black arrows representing collagen fiber deposition; I: Lung injury scores; J: Quantitative results of the mean optical density of collagen fiber deposition; K: Lung coefficients (wet weight of mouse lungs/body weight of mice) (H-K, n = 6). CON: Normal group; M: OVA sensitisation model group; Y: Positive drug montelukast sodium group (1.3 mg·kg-1); PHA-L: Peroxydehydrotumulosic acid low dose group (15 mg·kg-1); PHA-H: Peroxydehydrotumulosic acid high dose group (30 mg·kg-1). x±s. #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01 vs CON group; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs M group, figureFileSmall=yHAEr8rSz5KT3QjuzzdGiA==, figureFileBig=N2Q/Axy8VH4wpYtJUbtYWA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308816774305513777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308816765845602502, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=1U8WyxqfXbxbwMFhaR8ctA==, figureFileBig=GxFWk1+h7sgDCfiuXs7xKw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308816774376816947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308816765845602502, language=CN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effect of PHA on the levels of inflammatory factors in serum and alveolar lavage fluid of OVA-sensitised mice. A: Flow cytometry to detect apoptotic cell levels in mouse lung tissue; B: Flow cytometry to detect Th17 cell levels in mouse peripheral blood; C: Flow cytometry to detect Tregs cell levels in mouse peripheral blood. n = 6, x±s. ##P < 0.01 vs CON group; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs M group, figureFileSmall=1U8WyxqfXbxbwMFhaR8ctA==, figureFileBig=GxFWk1+h7sgDCfiuXs7xKw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308816774481674548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308816765845602502, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=++se9aHQKRV7rLQwTVvDJA==, figureFileBig=QtrSh5tQDjZf/q5RueUt6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308816774540394805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308816765845602502, language=CN, label=Fig.4, caption=Serum metabolite profile analysis in groups of mice. A and F: PCA score plot; B, C, G, and H: OPLS-DA score plot; D and I: Permutation (permutation test plot); E and J: OPLS-DA S-plot (orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis S-plot); K: Heatmap of significantly changed differential metabolites in CON, M and PHA. HETE: Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid; DHET: Dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid; POS: Positive source mode; NEG: Negative source mode. n = 6, figureFileSmall=++se9aHQKRV7rLQwTVvDJA==, figureFileBig=QtrSh5tQDjZf/q5RueUt6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308816774615892278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308816765845602502, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=pBjBGlqArWGrE8FOwR4Maw==, figureFileBig=inlG1MpIWqiOvAfdI9gOBQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308816774678806840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308816765845602502, language=CN, label=Fig.5, caption=Enrichment analysis of metabolic pathways for differential serum metabolites and correlation analysis. A: Differential metabolite pathway enrichment analysis; B: Heatmap analysis of the correlation between significantly altered pharmacological indicators and differential metabolites; C: Analysis of the correlation network between significantly altered pharmacodynamic indicators and differential metabolites, figureFileSmall=pBjBGlqArWGrE8FOwR4Maw==, figureFileBig=inlG1MpIWqiOvAfdI9gOBQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308816774741721401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308816765845602502, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=0lUn03sCW2cXTs9ORLZ5Iw==, figureFileBig=UfdiRadf3F2Hf4rh9Pzv5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308816774813024570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308816765845602502, language=CN, label=Fig.6, caption=Network diagram of the regulatory mechanisms of metabolic disorders in PHA-intervened OVA-sensitised mice. HPETE: Hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid; Compared with the M group, the levels of related metabolites in the CON group increased were marked as UP, decreased were marked as Down, and no significant changes were marked as NC; similarly, the same comparison was made between the PHA group and the M group, figureFileSmall=0lUn03sCW2cXTs9ORLZ5Iw==, figureFileBig=UfdiRadf3F2Hf4rh9Pzv5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308816774926270779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308816765845602502, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Inflammatory factorGroup
CONMYPHA-LPHA-H
Serum IL4/pg·mL-15.44 ± 0.426.26 ± 0.30#5.01 ± 1.154.99 ± 0.52**4.46 ± 0.86*
Serum IL17A/pg·mL-15.03 ± 0.326.76 ± 0.80##4.90 ± 0.70**5.80 ± 0.63**5.58 ± 0.38**
Serum IgE/ng·mL-12.17 ± 0.112.43 ± 0.12##2.17 ± 0.18**2.13 ± 0.09**2.12 ± 0.09**
Serum IFN-α/pg·mL-17.23 ± 0.495.93 ± 0.57##6.96 ± 0.83*6.78 ± 0.75*6.98 ± 0.72*
Serum GM-CSF/pg·mL-111.25 ± 0.8812.60 ± 0.9211.93 ± 0.9812.04 ± 0.6712.00 ± 1.16
Serum IL6/pg·mL-130.60 ± 2.1636.52 ± 4.26##32.80 ± 52.928.23 ± 4.63**33.60 ± 2.31
BALF IL10/pg·mL-17.96 ± 1.256.68 ± 1.608.79 ± 0.258.92 ± 0.578.41 ± 0.26
BALF IL13/ng·L-16.31 ± 1.489.95 ± 1.60##9.12 ± 1.537.90 ± 1.17*8.43 ± 1.58
BALF IL33/pg·mL-119.73 ± 1.1322.33 ± 2.2121.43 ± 1.3720.96 ± 2.6621.64 ± 0.89
BALF TNF-α/pg·mL-1159.40 ± 11.91168.74 ± 23.59146.92 ± 17.33*149.86 ± 9.26*139.07 ± 10.79**
BALF TGF-β1/pg·mL-119.39 ± 0.9223.33 ± 2.02#21.49 ± 2.6722.14 ± 0.7420.9 ± 1.23
BALF MUC5AC/ng·mL-19.93 ± 0.8210.89 ± 0.7910.88 ± 1.149.80 ± 0.459.37 ± 1.23**
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Effect of PHA on the levels of inflammatory factors in serum and alveolar lavage fluid of OVA-sensitised mice. n = 6, x±s. #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01 vs CON group; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs M group

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Inflammatory factorGroup
CONMYPHA-LPHA-H
Serum IL4/pg·mL-15.44 ± 0.426.26 ± 0.30#5.01 ± 1.154.99 ± 0.52**4.46 ± 0.86*
Serum IL17A/pg·mL-15.03 ± 0.326.76 ± 0.80##4.90 ± 0.70**5.80 ± 0.63**5.58 ± 0.38**
Serum IgE/ng·mL-12.17 ± 0.112.43 ± 0.12##2.17 ± 0.18**2.13 ± 0.09**2.12 ± 0.09**
Serum IFN-α/pg·mL-17.23 ± 0.495.93 ± 0.57##6.96 ± 0.83*6.78 ± 0.75*6.98 ± 0.72*
Serum GM-CSF/pg·mL-111.25 ± 0.8812.60 ± 0.9211.93 ± 0.9812.04 ± 0.6712.00 ± 1.16
Serum IL6/pg·mL-130.60 ± 2.1636.52 ± 4.26##32.80 ± 52.928.23 ± 4.63**33.60 ± 2.31
BALF IL10/pg·mL-17.96 ± 1.256.68 ± 1.608.79 ± 0.258.92 ± 0.578.41 ± 0.26
BALF IL13/ng·L-16.31 ± 1.489.95 ± 1.60##9.12 ± 1.537.90 ± 1.17*8.43 ± 1.58
BALF IL33/pg·mL-119.73 ± 1.1322.33 ± 2.2121.43 ± 1.3720.96 ± 2.6621.64 ± 0.89
BALF TNF-α/pg·mL-1159.40 ± 11.91168.74 ± 23.59146.92 ± 17.33*149.86 ± 9.26*139.07 ± 10.79**
BALF TGF-β1/pg·mL-119.39 ± 0.9223.33 ± 2.02#21.49 ± 2.6722.14 ± 0.7420.9 ± 1.23
BALF MUC5AC/ng·mL-19.93 ± 0.8210.89 ± 0.7910.88 ± 1.149.80 ± 0.459.37 ± 1.23**
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Metabolite quantification relative abundance (106)Group
CONMPHA
5-HETE53.94 ± 3.2686.57 ± 7.28##41.01 ± 14.25**
5,6-DHET53.94 ± 3.2671.50 ± 14.87#41.01 ± 14.25**
8-HETE53.94 ± 3.2671.50 ± 14.87#41.01 ± 14.25**
Arachidonic acid0.78 ± 0.281.87 ± 0.83##0.61 ± 0.22**
12-Keto-leukotriene b40.75 ± 0.181.90 ± 0.82##0.61 ± 0.22**
all-trans-5,6-Epoxyretinoic acid2.07 ± 0.343.62 ± 0.70##2.16 ± 0.81**
20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid53.94 ± 3.2671.5 ± 14.87#41.01 ± 14.25**
11,12-Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid53.94 ± 3.2671.5 ± 14.87#41.01 ± 14.25**
4-Hydroxyretinoic acid2.10 ± 0.343.29 ± 0.87#2.16 ± 0.80*
all-trans-18-Hydroxyretinoic acid2.14 ± 0.313.64 ± 0.65##2.15 ± 0.81**
12-Keto-tetrahydro leukotriene b453.53 ± 3.4172.01 ± 5.20##39.69 ± 17.77*
cis-8,11,14,17-Eicosatetraenoic acid53.9 ± 3.6267.01 ± 9.5439.76 ± 17.74*
), ArticleFig(id=1308816775152763199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308816765845602502, language=CN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Quantitative plot of differential metabolites in each group of mice. The quantitative results of LC-MS are relative to and reflect only the relative changes in metabolites between samples. n = 6, x±s. #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01 vs CON group; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs M group

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Metabolite quantification relative abundance (106)Group
CONMPHA
5-HETE53.94 ± 3.2686.57 ± 7.28##41.01 ± 14.25**
5,6-DHET53.94 ± 3.2671.50 ± 14.87#41.01 ± 14.25**
8-HETE53.94 ± 3.2671.50 ± 14.87#41.01 ± 14.25**
Arachidonic acid0.78 ± 0.281.87 ± 0.83##0.61 ± 0.22**
12-Keto-leukotriene b40.75 ± 0.181.90 ± 0.82##0.61 ± 0.22**
all-trans-5,6-Epoxyretinoic acid2.07 ± 0.343.62 ± 0.70##2.16 ± 0.81**
20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid53.94 ± 3.2671.5 ± 14.87#41.01 ± 14.25**
11,12-Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid53.94 ± 3.2671.5 ± 14.87#41.01 ± 14.25**
4-Hydroxyretinoic acid2.10 ± 0.343.29 ± 0.87#2.16 ± 0.80*
all-trans-18-Hydroxyretinoic acid2.14 ± 0.313.64 ± 0.65##2.15 ± 0.81**
12-Keto-tetrahydro leukotriene b453.53 ± 3.4172.01 ± 5.20##39.69 ± 17.77*
cis-8,11,14,17-Eicosatetraenoic acid53.9 ± 3.6267.01 ± 9.5439.76 ± 17.74*
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基于代谢组学分析茯苓中过氧去氢土莫酸对哮喘气道炎症的干预作用
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铁玘美 1, 2 , 曾梦楠 1, 2 , 张贝贝 1, 2 , 陈艳玲 1, 2 , 肖超远 1, 2 , 陈霖 1, 2 , 康珂瑞 1 , 靳佳音 1 , 冯卫生 1, 2, 3 , 郑晓珂 1, 2, 3, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2026,61(1): 222-232
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药学学报 |研究论文 2026 , 61 (1) : 222 -232
基于代谢组学分析茯苓中过氧去氢土莫酸对哮喘气道炎症的干预作用
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2Henan Engineering Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Development, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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2河南省中药开发工程技术研究中心, 河南 郑州 450046
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2Henan Engineering Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Development, Zhengzhou 450046, China
3Provincial-Ministerial Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Respiratory Diseases in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1308816773013668128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308816765845602502, authorId=1308816772657152283, language=CN, stringName=郑晓珂, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 3, *, address=1河南中医药大学, 河南 郑州 450046
2河南省中药开发工程技术研究中心, 河南 郑州 450046
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铁玘美1, 2, 曾梦楠1, 2, 张贝贝1, 2, 陈艳玲1, 2, 肖超远1, 2, 陈霖1, 2, 康珂瑞1, 靳佳音1, 冯卫生1, 2, 3, 郑晓珂1, 2, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1河南中医药大学, 河南 郑州 450046
  • 2河南省中药开发工程技术研究中心, 河南 郑州 450046
  • 3河南中医药大学, 呼吸疾病中医药防治省部共建协同创新中心, 河南 郑州 450046
通讯作者:
郑晓珂, Tel: 86-371-60190296, E-mail:
作者简介:

作者贡献:

铁玘美、郑晓珂、冯卫生负责实验设计、数据分析、文稿修改、提供研究经费; 曾梦楠、张贝贝负责实验设计、文稿修改、对实验过程中遇到的问题给予指导; 肖超远负责化合物的分离与纯化; 陈艳玲、陈霖、康珂瑞、靳佳音负责实验操作、数据整理。

Metabolomics-based analysis of the interventional effects of peroxydehydrotumulosic acid in Poria cocos on airway inflammation in asthma
Qi-mei TIE1, 2, Meng-nan ZENG1, 2, Bei-bei ZHANG1, 2, Yan-ling CHEN1, 2, Chao-yuan XIAO1, 2, Lin CHEN1, 2, Ke-rui KANG1, Jia-yin JIN1, Wei-sheng FENG1, 2, 3, Xiao-ke ZHENG1, 2, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
  • 2Henan Engineering Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Development, Zhengzhou 450046, China
  • 3Provincial-Ministerial Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Respiratory Diseases in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
出版时间: 2026-01-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0560
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探究茯苓中过氧去氢土莫酸(peroxydehydrotumulosic acid, PHA) 对过敏性哮喘小鼠的干预作用, 并基于代谢组学探究其作用机制。雄性BALB/c小鼠随机分为正常组(CON)、模型组(M)、阳性药孟鲁斯特钠组(Y, 1.3 mg·kg-1)、PHA低剂量组(PHA-L, 15 mg·kg-1) 和PHA高剂量组(PHA-H, 30 mg·kg-1)。采用腹腔注射卵清蛋白(ovalbumin, OVA) 和氢氧化铝佐剂进行致敏, OVA雾化激发建立过敏性哮喘小鼠模型。造模前30 min灌胃给予相应药物, 连续给药7天, 最后一次给药24 h后检测小鼠咳喘指标、肺功能、肺系数, 苏木精-伊红(hematoxylin-eosin, HE) 染色观察小鼠肺组织病理变化, 马松(Masson) 染色观察其胶原纤维沉积水平, 酶联免疫吸附(ELISA) 测定小鼠血清和肺泡灌洗液中炎症因子水平, 流式细胞术检测小鼠肺组织凋亡细胞水平以及血中Th17、Tregs细胞水平, 采用液质联用技术(LC-MS), 对不同处理组小鼠的血清样本小分子代谢产物进行分析, 运用主成分分析(principal component analysis, PCA) 与偏最小二乘判别分析(orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis, OPLS-DA) 等多元统计方法, 筛选差异代谢物并通过代谢通路富集分析, 探究特征代谢物所参与的生物代谢途径。结果显示, 与M组相比, PHA组可以显著改善小鼠的肺功能, 降低肺系数, 减轻肺组织病理损伤和胶原纤维沉积, 显著下调血清中白介素4 (interleukin 4, IL4)、免疫球蛋白E (immunoglobulin E, IgE)、白介素17A (interleukin 17A, IL17A) 以及肺泡灌洗液中肿瘤坏死因子α (tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α) 的水平, 抑制肺组织细胞凋亡以及Th17细胞的生成, 增加Tregs细胞水平。代谢组学分析M组与PHA组内源性物质分离明显, 筛选出差异代谢物63个, 标志性差异代谢物11个, 主要涉及花生四烯酸代谢, 视黄醇代谢, 苯丙氨酸、色氨酸、酪氨酸的生物合成, 甘油磷脂代谢和酪氨酸代谢。PHA可以通过抑制炎症因子IL4、IL17A的产生, 阻碍炎症细胞的招募, 调节部分差异代谢物及代谢通路紊乱, 从而改善哮喘的小鼠的病理状态。动物实验获得河南中医药大学动物伦理委员会批准和监督(伦理编号: DWLL2018080003)。

过氧去氢土莫酸  /  哮喘  /  代谢组学  /  气道炎症

The study aims to investigate the interventional effect of peroxydehydrotumulosic acid (PHA) in Poria cocos on allergic asthma mice, and to investigate its mechanism of action based on metabolomics. Male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into normal group (CON), model group (M), positive drug montelukastna group (Y, 1.3 mg·kg-1), PHA low-dose group (PHA-L, 15 mg·kg-1), and PHA high-dose group (PHA-H, 30 mg·kg-1). The mouse model of allergic asthma was established by intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin (OVA) and aluminium hydroxide adjuvant for sensitisation and OVA nebulisation for excitation. The corresponding drugs were given by gavage 30 min before modelling, and the drugs were administered for 7 consecutive days. 24 h after the last administration of the drugs, the mice were tested for cough and asthma indexes, lung function and lung coefficient, the mice were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) to observe the pathological changes of the lung histology, and the mice were stained with Masson to observe the level of collagen fibre deposition, and the levels of inflammatory factors in the serum and alveolar lavage fluid of the mice were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and flow cytometry to determine the levels of inflammatory factors in the mice. Apoptotic cell levels in lung tissue and Th17 and Tregs cell levels in blood were detected by flow cytometry, and small molecule metabolites were analysed by liquid-liquid mass spectrometry (LC-MS) in serum samples of mice of different treatment groups. The metabolic pathway enrichment analysis was used to investigate the biometabolic pathways involved in the characterised metabolites. The results indicated a comparison with group M, PHA significantly improved lung function, reduced lung coefficient, attenuated lung histopathological damage and collagen fibre deposition, significantly down-regulated the levels of interleukin 4 (IL4), immunoglobulin E (IgE), interleukin 17A (IL17A) in blood and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in alveolar lavage fluid, inhibited apoptosis and the generation of Th17 cells, and increased the level of Tregs cells in lung tissue. Metabolomics analysis of endogenous substances in the M and PHA groups separated significantly, and 63 differential metabolites were screened, mainly involving arachidonic acid metabolism, retinol metabolism, biosynthesis of phenylalanine, tryptophan, and tyrosine, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and tyrosine metabolism. PHA can improve the pathological state of mice with asthma by inhibiting the production of inflammatory factors IL4 and IL17A, hindering the recruitment of inflammatory cells, and regulating some differential metabolites and metabolic pathway disorders. The animal experiment was approved and supervised by the Animal Ethics Committee of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (ethics number: DWLL2018080003).

peroxydehydrotumulosic acid  /  asthma  /  metabolomics  /  airway inflammation
铁玘美, 曾梦楠, 张贝贝, 陈艳玲, 肖超远, 陈霖, 康珂瑞, 靳佳音, 冯卫生, 郑晓珂. 基于代谢组学分析茯苓中过氧去氢土莫酸对哮喘气道炎症的干预作用. 药学学报, 2026 , 61 (1) : 222 -232 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0560
Qi-mei TIE, Meng-nan ZENG, Bei-bei ZHANG, Yan-ling CHEN, Chao-yuan XIAO, Lin CHEN, Ke-rui KANG, Jia-yin JIN, Wei-sheng FENG, Xiao-ke ZHENG. Metabolomics-based analysis of the interventional effects of peroxydehydrotumulosic acid in Poria cocos on airway inflammation in asthma[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2026 , 61 (1) : 222 -232 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0560
哮喘在中医上被称为“痰饮之症”“哮病”“喘病”等, 多因宿痰伏肺、外感邪触以致气喘咳逆、痰气搏击, 是一种慢性炎症性气道疾病, 其患病率逐年攀升, 过敏性哮喘在哮喘患者中占比较大, 约为50%以上, 据统计目前全球哮喘患者超3亿, 每年死于该病的患者约有25万人, 给全球医疗资源带来了较大负担, 加强对过敏性哮喘的防治和管理具有重要意义[1, 2]。在该病的发生发展进程中, 过敏原的刺激以及各种炎症因子相互作用, 致使炎症反应、气道血管再生与聚集紊乱[3], 从而导致咳嗽、胸闷、喘息等“痰阻气道、肺失肃降、痰气搏击”病理现象, 在此背景下, 探寻新的治疗方法与药物迫在眉睫。传统中医药在疾病治疗与预防方面拥有悠久历史和丰富经验, 为过敏性哮喘的治疗提供了新思路。茯苓(Poria cocos), 作为一种常见中药材, 具有利水渗湿、健脾和胃、宁心安神等功效, 参与多个治疗哮喘的方剂[4, 5], 过氧去氢土莫酸(peroxydehydrotumulosic acid, PHA) 作为茯苓中的一种三萜类化合物[6], 在前期构建的体外脱颗粒细胞模型中表现出良好的抑制效果, 推测其可能具有一定的抗哮喘活性。
代谢物是细胞代谢产生的小分子物质(分子质量 < 1.5 kDa), 作为基因表达和蛋白质活性的直接产物, 参与体内生化反应, 其浓度与组成可实时反映机体生理或病理状态[7, 8]。哮喘是一种复杂的多因素疾病, 涉及多个生理系统和代谢网络的相互作用。代谢组学从整体水平上研究生物体内的代谢变化, 能够整合不同组织、器官之间的代谢信息[9, 10], 揭示哮喘发生发展过程中整体代谢状态的改变以及各代谢途径之间的相互关系, 有助于从系统生物学的角度深入理解哮喘的发病机制和病理生理过程。
卵清蛋白(ovalbumin, OVA) 作为一种常见的蛋白质抗原, 本身无毒性, 但被腹腔注射入机体后, 会被树突状细胞等摄取并呈递给T淋巴细胞, 促使免疫反应开始, 同时分泌一系列炎性因子, 释放炎症介质从而引发哮喘的一系列病理变化[11-13]。由此, 本研究选用应用广泛的OVA和氢氧化铝佐剂腹腔注射联合雾化激发构建过敏性哮喘模型, 基于血清代谢组学探究PHA的抗哮喘作用机制。
实验动物与细胞    SPF级雄性BALB/c小鼠, 体质量18~22 g, 6~8周龄, 购自北京维通利华实验动物技术有限公司, 合格证号SCXK (京) 2021-0006。动物饲养于清洁级动物实验室内, 环境温度18~22 ℃, 昼夜交替, 自由饮食饮水。动物实验经河南中医药大学动物伦理委员会批准(伦理编号: DWLL2018080003)。
大鼠嗜碱性细胞白血病细胞株(RBL-2H3) 购自中国科学院上海生命科学研究院细胞库。将冻存于液氮中的RBL-2H3细胞冻存管取出后迅速复苏并转移至含MEM培养基的培养皿中, 置于含5% CO2浓度的37 ℃恒温细胞培养箱进行传代培养, 待细胞生长到培养皿的80%时传代。
药物与试剂    化合物PHA (C13H46O6, ESI-MS m/z 544 [M+H]+) 是本课题组前期从多孔菌科真菌茯苓Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf的干燥菌核中分离得到的一种已知化合物; 阳性药孟鲁斯特钠(批号: W035255) 购自美国Organon Pharma (UK) Limited (欧加隆集团); 卵清蛋白Ⅱ级(62%~88%, 批号: A5253)、卵清蛋白Ⅴ级(≥ 98%, 批号: A5503)、C48/80 (货号: C2313) 购自美国Sigma公司; 氢氧化铝佐剂(批号: vac-alu-250) 购自美国InvivoGen公司; 转化生长因子-β1 (transforming growth factor-β1, TGF-β1, 货号: MM-0135M1)、白细胞介素4 (interleukin 4, IL4, 货号: MM-0165M1)、白细胞介素10 (interleukin 10, IL10, 货号: MM-0176M1)、白细胞介素17A (interleukin 17A, IL17A, 货号: MM-0759M1)、免疫球蛋白E (immunoglobulin E, IgE, 货号: MM-0056M1)、白细胞介素13 (interleukin 13, IL13, 货号: MM-0173M1)、白细胞介素33 (interleukin 33, IL33, 货号: MM-0935M1)、肿瘤坏死因子α (tumor necrosis factor, TNF-α, 货号: MM-0132M1)、黏蛋白-5ac (mucin 5AC, MUC5AC, 货号: MM-46833M1)、粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor, GM-CSF, 货号: MM-0185M1)、干扰素α (interferon α, IFN-α, 货号: MM-0366M1)、白细胞介素6 (interleukin 6, IL6, 货号: MM-0163M1) 试剂盒均购自江苏酶免实业有限公司; 凋亡试剂盒(货号: 559763) 购自美国BD Biosciences公司; 流式抗体CD25 (PE, 货号: 12-0251-83)、CD4 (FITC, 货号: 11-0041-85)、FOXP3 (APC, 货号: 17-5773-82)、CD4 (PE, 货号: 12-0041-83)、IL17A (Pe-cy5.5, 货号: 45-7177-82) 均购自美国Invitrogen公司; MEM高糖培养基(货号: 2344396) 购自美国GibcoInvitrogen公司。
PHA提取分离步骤    PHA的提取分离由实验室前期分离纯化所得: 将茯苓干燥菌核30 kg采用95%乙醇加热回流提取3次, 并减压浓缩后得到总浸膏, 用水分散后加入石油醚萃取脱脂, 得到石油醚部位(18.18 g) 和水部位(632.79 g)。将水部位经Diaion HP-20柱分离, 依次用水和不同比例的乙醇(20%~95%) 进行梯度洗脱后使用Toyopearl HW-40、Sephadex LH-20、硅胶、ODS、MCI Gel CHP-20等柱层析方法, 结合半制备液相等手段进行分离纯化, 得到单体化合物。本研究中所使用的化合物则为95%乙醇部分中分离纯化得到, 利用现代波谱学技术确定单体化合物的结构与文献[14]报道一致。
光学显微镜观察PHA对C48/80诱导的RBL-2H3细胞脱颗粒    将RBL-2H3细胞置于37 ℃、5% CO2培养箱中培养至对数生长期, 按照细胞密度每毫升3×104个接种于6孔板中, 24 h后分为正常(CON) 组、模型组(M, C48/80, 20 μg·mL-1)、PHA组(10 μmol·L-1 + C48/80, 20 μg·mL-1)。药物及C48/80溶液均用台式液配制。刺激30 min后, 在光学显微镜下观察细胞的脱颗粒状态。
动物模型构建及给药    将50只雄性BALB/c小鼠适应性喂养1周后随机分为正常组(CON)、模型组(M)、阳性药孟鲁斯特钠(Y, 1.3 mg·kg-1)、过氧去氢土莫酸低剂量(PHA-L, 15 mg·kg-1) 和过氧去氢土莫酸高剂量(PHA-H, 30 mg·kg-1), 分别在小鼠适应性喂养结束后的第0、7、14天腹腔注射卵清蛋白(50 μg每只小鼠, Ⅴ级) 和0.2 mL氢氧化铝佐剂进行致敏, 第21~27天进行OVA雾化激发(Ⅱ级), 联合构建过敏性哮喘模型, 每次激发前30 min进行灌胃给药。末次激发24 h后进行各项指标检测。
肺功能和咳喘指标检测    末次激发24 h后, 使用FinePointe WBP全身体积描记系统对各组小鼠肺功能进行检测, 将实验动物依次置于体积描记腔中, 使用无菌PBS平衡系统后, 连续记录2分钟基础呼吸参数。采用梯度浓度倍数递增(0、3.125、6.25、12.5、25、50 mg·mL-1) 的氯化乙酰甲胆碱(Mech) 雾化吸入, 各剂量雾化30 s, 同时收集各指标参数变化, 包括: 气道阻力指标(Penh)、呼吸频率(F, min-1)、吸气时间(Ti, s)、呼气时间(Te, s)。
末次激发24 h后分别采用25%氨水溶液作为刺激物, 0.1%磷酸组胺与2%氯化乙酰胆碱等体积混合液作为致喘剂, 对小鼠进行咳嗽和喘息相关指标检测, 以小鼠气喘短促为咳嗽判定标准, 收腹张嘴为喘息判定标准, 同时记录对应的咳喘次数及潜伏期。
肺组织病理损伤评估    每组统一取小鼠的未经灌洗的左肺于4%多聚甲醛中固定, 脱水、透明、石蜡包埋, 制备组织切片, 切片厚度4~5 μm, 进行苏木素-伊红(hematoxylin-eosin, HE) 和马松(Masson) 染色、封片后, 于显微镜下观察肺组织病理学变化, 并进行病理分析评分和胶原沉积积分光密度(integral optical density, IOD) 检测。
酶联免疫吸附(ELISA) 实验检测小鼠血清以及肺泡灌洗液(BALF) 中炎症因子水平    血清及BALF样本采集: 取小鼠全血后立即置于4 ℃静置30 min, 随后3 000 r·min-1在4 ℃条件下离心15 min, 吸取上层血清, 即为小鼠血清样本; 使用预冷无菌生理盐水分3次灌洗支气管, 每次0.5 mL, 再将回收得到的灌洗液置于4 ℃条件下以3 000 r·min-1离心15 min, 收集上清, 即为小鼠BALF样本。将所得到的血清和BALF样本按照试剂盒说明书检测小鼠血清中IL4、IgE、IFN-α、IL5、IL6、IL17A含量水平和BALF中IL13、TGF-β1、MUC5AC、IL33、TNF-α含量水平。
流式细胞术检测小鼠肺组织细胞凋亡水平以及外周血中Th17、Tregs细胞水平    各组小鼠取相同位置的肺组织于2 mL EP管中剪碎, 加入不含EDTA的胰酶消化30 min后加入血清终止消化, 70 μm滤网过滤未被消化的肺组织, 500 ×g离心10 min收集细胞, 使用PE、7-AAD标记凋亡细胞, 流式细胞仪检测肺组织细胞凋亡水平。
取小鼠外周血100 μL, 使用CD25、CD4、FOXP3标记Tregs细胞, CD4、IL17A标记Th17细胞, 孵育结束后使用流式细胞仪检测两种免疫细胞在外周血中的比例。
代谢组学分析小鼠血清中代谢物和代谢通路    取血清样本200 μL以1∶5的比例加入乙腈沉淀蛋白, 涡旋超声后在-20 ℃孵育4 h, 12 000 r·min-1离心10 min, 取上清于进样瓶中, 在UPLC系统中分离, 通过Q/TOF-MS进行全扫描分析并导入Profile Analysis进行降噪归一化处理, 得到bucket表格后通过SIMCA软件, 运用主成分分析(principal component analysis, PCA) 与偏最小二乘判别分析(partial least squares discrimination analysis, PLS-DA) 等多元统计方法分析代谢物轮廓, 正交偏最小二乘判别分析(orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis, OPLS-DA) 筛选潜在生物标志物, HMDB (human metabolome database) 和MetaboAnalyst确定分子量和内源性物质后, 对所筛选的差异代谢物进行半定量分析和通路富集。
统计学分析    实验数据经SPSS 26.0统计软件处理, 数据以x±s表示, 并采用单因素ANOVA检验进行组间差异的比较, P < 0.05认为差异具有统计学意义。
RBL脱颗粒模型常用于快速评估筛选药物的抗过敏性疾病潜力。PHA的结构式如图1A所示, RBL细胞造模及给药的显微白光成像结果如图1B所示, 与CON组相比C48/80造模后, RBL细胞量显著减少, 细胞形态由长梭形变为圆形, 细胞整体发生肿胀, 扭曲变形, 细胞发生破裂, 颗粒外排, 而给予PHA (10 μmol·L-1) 进行治疗后, 脱颗粒现象被明显改善且细胞量明显增多。综上所述, PHA可以改善C48/80诱导的RBL细胞脱颗粒, 可能具有一定抗过敏性哮喘能力。
如图2所示, 随着氯化乙酰甲胆碱的浓度增大, 各组的气道狭窄指数(图2A)、呼吸频率(图2B)、呼气时间(图2D) 和吸气时间(图2E) 逐渐增大, 潮气量逐渐减小(图2C), 且以上5个指标中, M组的增长幅度均大于正常组, PHA治疗后有所回调; 咳喘指标显示, 与CON组相比, M组的咳喘次数显著延长(P < 0.01), 咳喘潜伏期显著降低(P < 0.01), 给予低、高剂量的PHA治疗后, 咳喘指标有不同程度的改善(P < 0.05、0.01)。
如图2H所示, HE和Masson结果显示OVA致敏后小鼠肺组织肺泡腔周围有明显的炎性细胞浸润, 肺泡壁增厚, 胶原纤维沉积增多, 肺泡结构出现异常, 根据肺损伤评分标准(根据肺损伤轻度-重度的程度按照0~4进行打分) 和Image pro Plus 6.0软件测量的各组小鼠胶原沉积范围, 对HE和Masson结果进行量化, 发现与模型组相比, PHA低、高剂量给药干预后肺组织结构相对完整, 炎性细胞和肺损伤程度显著减少, 胶原纤维沉积显著降低(P < 0.01, 图2I、J), 称量小鼠体重以及相对应的肺组织重量计算肺系数, 发现与CON组小鼠相比, M组小鼠的肺系数显著升高(P < 0.01, 图2K), PHA-H治疗后肺系数降低, 且PHA-H的干预效果优于PHA-L, 提示PHA可以显著改善OVA致敏小鼠的肺组织病理损伤。
哮喘作为一种慢性气道炎症反应, 在其发生发展过程中有多种炎症因子共同参与。本研究对OVA致敏小鼠血清和肺泡灌洗液中相关炎症因子的水平进行了检测, 结果显示, 与M组相比, PHA组可不同程度降低相关炎性因子的水平, 且PHA-L和PHA-H组均可显著降低IL4、IgE、IL17A、TNF-α的水平(P < 0.01、P < 0.05, 表1), 显著升高IFN-α的水平(P < 0.05)。
对各组小鼠肺组织凋亡细胞水平以及外周血中免疫细胞水平进行检测, 结果与上述一致。与CON组相比, M组小鼠OVA致敏后的凋亡细胞水平显著升高(P < 0.01, 图3A), 与促炎相关的Th17细胞水平显著升高(P < 0.01, 图3B), 与抗炎相关的Tregs细胞显著降低(P < 0.01, 图3C), PHA治疗后可显著降低凋亡细胞和Th17细胞的水平, 升高Tregs细胞水平, 且PHA高剂量治疗效果更为显著(P < 0.01), 后续选用该剂量进行机制探究。
在正源模式和负源模式下分别使用偏最小二乘判别分析和正交偏最小二乘判别分析对3组小鼠的血清代谢物轮廓进行可视化判别分析与分类(图4A~J), 结果显示, 3组小鼠的血清代谢样本之间轮廓清晰, Permutation显示POS的结果在1处R2为0.999 6、Q2值为0.891, NEG的结果在1处R2为0.996、Q2值为0.883, 此时Q2值为正且与R2值差距合理, 提示模型具有较好的预测能力和稳定性, 较高的R2和Q2值提示组间的代谢差异, 分析具有统计学意义。
基于OPLS-DA模型的VIP > 3, t检验P < 0.05进行差异代谢物筛选, 最终筛选出差异代谢物63个。热图结果显示, PHA对OVA致敏小鼠的代谢紊乱具有一定回调作用(图4K), 且根据定量结果观察, PHA治疗后可以显著降低5-羟基二十碳四烯酸、5,6-二羟基二十碳三烯酸、8-羟基二十碳四烯酸、花生四烯酸、12-酮-白三烯B4、全反式-5,6-环氧视黄酸、20-羟基二十碳四烯酸、11,12-环氧二十碳三烯酸、4-羟基视黄酸、全反式-18-羟基视黄酸、12-酮-四氢白三烯B4、顺式-8,11,14,17-二十碳四烯酸(P < 0.05、P < 0.01, 表2) 12个代谢生物标志物的水平, 提示PHA可以改善OVA致敏小鼠的代谢紊乱, 且显著变化的12个代谢标志物可能在回调代谢紊乱过程起到重要作用。
对所富集到的差异代谢物代入MetaboAnalyst网站进行通路富集(图5A), 根据路径影响分数(impact) 结合P值, 结果显示排名前六的通路为花生四烯酸代谢(P = 0.000 000 000 000 000 141, impact = 0.364 68)、视黄醇代谢(P = 0.000 582 78, impact = 0.154 64)、苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸生物合成(P = 0.094 533, impact = 0.5)、甘油磷脂代谢(P = 0.219 72, impact = 0.156 34)、酪氨酸代谢(P = 0.651 99, impact = 0.156 34)、叶酸介导的一碳代谢(P = 0.477 98, impact = 0.081 87)。
将药效指标检测结果中显著改变的5种炎性因子与差异代谢物进行相关性分析, 根据Pearson系数和P值, IL4和IL17A与多种差异代谢物相关性较高(P < 0.05, 图5B), 关联性网络图发现IL4和IL17A对多种差异代谢物(5-HETE、8-HETE、12-keto-tetrahydro-leukotriene b4、arachidonic acid、all-trans-5,6-epoxyretinoic acid、cis-8,11,14,17-eicosatetraenoic acid) 具有积极作用, 且相关性系数的绝对值> 0.7 (图5C)。
将IL4和IL17A与生物标志物进行联系, 构建调控机制网络图如图(图6), PHA可能通过调控IL4、IL17A的表达来影响代谢通路中的关键酶(磷脂酶A2、视磺酸脱氢酶等) 活性, 从而影响花生四烯酸、视磺酸酯等生物标志物的合成, 同时, 炎症介质5-HETE、白三烯等以及代谢物合成原料的减少会降低Th2、Th17等免疫细胞的产生, 这与PHA治疗后Th2和Th17相关因子的减少和Th17细胞在外周血中比例降低结果一致。
哮喘在中医上被称为“痰饮之症”“哮病”“喘病”等, 多因宿痰伏肺、外感邪触, 以致气喘咳逆、痰气搏击, 作为一种气道慢性炎症性疾病, 通常由多种细胞和细胞组分共同参与, 其基本特征为气道慢性炎症、气道重塑、气道高反应[15]。临床治疗通常以“补肺健脾, 化痰平喘”为主[16]。过氧去氢土莫酸作为茯苓中的一种三萜类化合物, 可以改善过敏性哮喘小鼠的肺功能, 减轻模型组小鼠肺组织的炎性浸润和胶原纤维沉积状态, 对过敏性哮喘具有一定干预作用。
气道炎症是哮喘的核心病理特征, 与哮喘的发生、发展及症状表现密切相关, 本研究首先对气道炎症相关因子和细胞进行了检测。IL4是一种多效应细胞因子, 其生物学功能包括促进B细胞、Th2细胞的增殖分化、抑制Th1细胞、激活巨噬细胞等[17]。IL17A作为T细胞诱导炎症的早期启动子以及关键炎症介质, 在哮喘发生时可以招募炎症细胞的聚集, 诱导气道平滑肌和成纤维细胞的增殖, 加快气道重塑的进程[18, 19]。CD4+ T细胞各亚群在免疫系统中相互影响、相互制衡, 在各自的分化过程中受多因素的影响[20]。过敏原的刺激导致炎症因子IL4、IL17A水平升高, 机体内Th1/2、Th17/Tregs细胞群发生失衡, 二者失衡是驱动气道炎症、气道重塑发生的关键因素[21, 22]。本研究在对相关炎症因子进行检测时同样发现OVA致敏后小鼠血清中IL4、IL17A、IgE、IFN-α、TNF-α的含量明显升高, 且外周血中Th17细胞明显比例增大, PHA治疗后这些因子水平出现降低, 提示PHA可能通过干预CD4+ T细胞和相关炎症因子的生成进而缓解气道炎症的发生。
为进一步探究PHA的抗哮喘作用机制, 结合代谢组学分析了PHA对各组小鼠血清代谢物的轮廓影响以及差异代谢物的改变情况, 发现PHA与M组小鼠代谢轮廓分离清晰, 并且PHA可以降低羟基二十碳四烯酸、花生四烯酸、白三烯B4、视黄酸差异代谢物的水平, 通过关联性分析明晰了显著变化炎症因子IL4、IL17A与多种差异代谢物之间的强相关性, 表明炎症因子与代谢物之间存在有较强的相互作用。通路富集分析结果发现差异代谢物主要和花生四烯酸代谢以及视黄醇代谢有关。有研究表明, 花生四烯酸代谢网络是炎症代谢网络中的核心部分[23], 花生四烯酸在哮喘中的表达增加后可以通过促进磷脂酶A2和脂氧合酶等关键酶的产生从而分泌大量花生四烯酸等炎症介质[24, 25], 这些炎症介质进一步促进白介素类、肿瘤坏死因子(IL6、IL33、IL13、TNF-α) 等促炎因子的产生[26, 27], 进一步加重炎症反应, 发生炎症级联反应, 从而造成“哮喘”患者“迁延不愈”的病理特点。PHA对IL4、IL17A的抑制作用可能直接或间接作用于磷酸酯酶A2, 通过抑制其活性来减少5-HETE、8-HETE等炎症介质的产生, 阻断炎症级联反应。视黄醇也被称为维生素A醇(VA醇), 是维生素A的活性亚型之一, 一般情况下, 人体内的视黄醇分子在关键酶(视黄醛脱氢酶和细胞色素P450家族) 的作用下, 通过两步氧化最终生成视黄酸, 整个过程可逆[28-30]。在本研究中, OVA致敏后的模型组小鼠4-羟基视黄酸、视黄酸酯、全反式-18-羟基视黄酸、全反式-5,6-环氧视黄酸的含量均有不同程度的增加, 这可能是因为致敏原的刺激导致细胞色素P450酶在炎症或氧化应激下被激活[31, 32], 从而加速视黄酸的代谢, 使羟基视黄酸、环氧视黄酸等中间代谢物的累积, 同时, 慢性炎症可能刺激肝脏或脂肪组织增加视黄醇酯的合成和储存, 使其代偿性增加以应对组织视黄醇的过度消耗, PHA治疗后, 酶活性的抑制状态被缓解, 中间代谢物的积累被改善。
综上, 在哮喘发病进程中, 炎症级联反应与代谢紊乱相互交织, 共同驱动疾病进展, PHA可能通过调节IL4和IL17A, 影响花生四烯酸、视黄醇等多条代谢通路, 但是本研究仍存在有一定局限性, 虽明确了PHA对IL4、IL17A的抑制效果以及其与代谢物之间的相关性, 但是未验证PHA与关键代谢酶(磷脂酶A2、视黄醇脱氢酶、视黄醛脱氢酶等) 之间的作用机制, 未来需结合分子生物学技术深入探究PHA对调控炎症–代谢的作用机制。

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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0560
  • 接收时间:2025-05-16
  • 首发时间:2026-09-21
  • 出版时间:2026-01-12
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-16
  • 修回日期:2025-09-17
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    1河南中医药大学, 河南 郑州 450046
    2河南省中药开发工程技术研究中心, 河南 郑州 450046
    3河南中医药大学, 呼吸疾病中医药防治省部共建协同创新中心, 河南 郑州 450046

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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