Article(id=1308467945831690925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308467818098357056, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0531, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1746979200000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-12, revisedDate=1754928000000, revisedDateStr=2025-08-12, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789892668444, onlineDateStr=2026-09-20, pubDate=1762876800000, pubDateStr=2025-11-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789892668444, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789892668444, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789892668444, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1308467818098357056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2025', volume='60', issue='11', pageStart='3263', pageEnd='3544', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1762876800000', pubDateStr='2025-11-12', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789892637990, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789893243047, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1308470355954262098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308467818098357056, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1308470355954262099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308467818098357056, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=3527, endPage=3534, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1308467946087543470, articleId=1308467945831690925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Cloning and functional characterization of coclaurine O-methyltransferase (ScOMT26) gene in Stephania cepharantha, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

O-Methyltransferases (OMTs) are key enzymes involved in the methylation modification of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs), and their functional studies contribute to elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying BIA biosynthesis. In this study, a novel OMT gene was successfully cloned from Stephania cephalantha and subjected to bioinformatics analysis and in vitro functional characterization. The coding sequence (CDS) of ScOMT26 is 1 092 bp in length, encoding a protein of 363 amino acids with a molecular formula of C1827H2879N467O543S18, classified as a stable hydrophobic protein. In vitro enzymatic assays demonstrated that ScOMT26 catalyzes the methylation of the C4′-hydroxyl group of coclaurine to produce 4′-methylcoclaurine. The optimal reaction conditions were identified as pH 7.0 in 50 mmol·L-1 potassium phosphate buffer at 25 ℃. This study represents the first report of cloning and functional characterization of an OMT from S. cephalantha, providing critical insights into the role of OMT genes in the biosynthetic pathway of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids.

, authors=Ting-wei TANG1, Ling CAI1, Bai-mei LIU2, Hong-ying PENG2, Can WANG3, 4, *, authorsList=Ting-wei TANG, Ling CAI, Bai-mei LIU, Hong-ying PENG, Can WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Can WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1308467949132608186, articleId=1308467945831690925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=金线吊乌龟乌药碱-O-甲基转移酶(ScOMT26) 基因的克隆与功能表征, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

氧甲基转移酶(O-methyltransferase, OMT) 是参与苄基异喹啉生物碱甲基化修饰的关键酶, 其功能研究有助于揭示苄基异喹啉生物碱合成的分子机制。该研究从金线吊乌龟植物中成功克隆1条OMT基因, 并进行生物信息学分析及体外功能验证。ScOMT26基因的CDS序列全长为1 092 bp, 编码蛋白的氨基酸残基数量为363个, 该蛋白分子式C1827H2879N467O543S18, 属于稳定疏水性蛋白。体外酶促反应结果表明, ScOMT26能体外催化乌药碱的C4′位羟基甲基化生成4′-甲基乌药碱, 该酶的最适反应条件为pH 7.0, 50 mmol·L-1磷酸钾缓冲液, 25 ℃。该研究首次从金线吊乌龟中获得氧甲基转移酶并完成其功能鉴定, 为更深入了解OMT基因在苄基异喹啉生物碱合成途径中的功能提供了参考。

, authors=唐汀薇1, 蔡玲1, 刘柏梅2, 彭红英2, 王灿3, 4, *, authorsList=唐汀薇, 蔡玲, 刘柏梅, 彭红英, 王灿, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=王灿, authorNote=

作者贡献:

唐汀薇、蔡玲负责实验设计、实验过程的操作、文章撰写和数据分析; 刘柏梅、彭红英负责实验指导和文章修改; 王灿指导文章撰写和论文修改。

, correspAuthorsNote=
王灿, E-mail:
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Lane 1 showed the amplification product of ScOMT26. Lane 2 contained the empty pET-30a vector. Lane 3 displayed the linearized pET-30a vector. Lanes 4-11 exhibited agarose gel electrophoresis analysis of positive clones of pET-30a-ScOMT26-BL21. 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A: Schematic representation of the chemical reaction catalyzed by ScOMT26; B: Total ion chromatogram (TIC) of the enzymatic product analyzed by LC-MS/MS; C: MS/MS spectrum of (S)-coclaurine standard; D: MS/MS spectrum of the enzymatic product synthesized by ScOMT26-catalyzed reaction with (S)-coclaurine, figureFileSmall=W8Gt5/234d+s+o+wB4ZI+Q==, figureFileBig=cFov+cPtQaOmaRSOmxFaIg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308498571855495607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308467945831690925, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Primer namePrimer sequences (5′-3′)
ScOMT26-KFATGGATTTCAGTAGTATTCGTGACA
ScOMT26-KRTTATTTGAGAAACTCAATAACCCAG
30a-ScOMT26-BamHIFgccatggctgatatcggatccATGGATTTCAGTA
GTATTCGTGACA
30a-ScOMT26-SalIRtgcggccgcaagcttgtcgacTTATTTGAGAAA
CTCAATAACCCAG
T7TAATACGACTCACTATAGGG
T7terGCTAGTTATTGCTCAGCGG
), ArticleFig(id=1308498571922604472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308467945831690925, language=CN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Primer sequences used in this study

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Primer namePrimer sequences (5′-3′)
ScOMT26-KFATGGATTTCAGTAGTATTCGTGACA
ScOMT26-KRTTATTTGAGAAACTCAATAACCCAG
30a-ScOMT26-BamHIFgccatggctgatatcggatccATGGATTTCAGTA
GTATTCGTGACA
30a-ScOMT26-SalIRtgcggccgcaagcttgtcgacTTATTTGAGAAA
CTCAATAACCCAG
T7TAATACGACTCACTATAGGG
T7terGCTAGTTATTGCTCAGCGG
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金线吊乌龟乌药碱-O-甲基转移酶(ScOMT26) 基因的克隆与功能表征
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唐汀薇 1 , 蔡玲 1 , 刘柏梅 2 , 彭红英 2 , 王灿 3, 4, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2025,60(11): 3527-3534
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药学学报 |研究论文 2025 , 60 (11) : 3527 -3534
金线吊乌龟乌药碱-O-甲基转移酶(ScOMT26) 基因的克隆与功能表征
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唐汀薇1, 蔡玲1, 刘柏梅2, 彭红英2, 王灿3, 4, *
作者信息
  • 1成都中医药大学医学技术学院, 四川 成都 611137
  • 2成都中医药大学药学院, 四川 成都 611137
  • 3成都中医药大学中医药创新研究院, 四川 成都 611137
  • 4成都中医药大学本草基因组学研究院, 四川 成都 611137
通讯作者:
王灿, E-mail:
作者简介:

作者贡献:

唐汀薇、蔡玲负责实验设计、实验过程的操作、文章撰写和数据分析; 刘柏梅、彭红英负责实验指导和文章修改; 王灿指导文章撰写和论文修改。

Cloning and functional characterization of coclaurine O-methyltransferase (ScOMT26) gene in Stephania cepharantha
Ting-wei TANG1, Ling CAI1, Bai-mei LIU2, Hong-ying PENG2, Can WANG3, 4, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
  • 2School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
  • 3Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
  • 4Institute of Herbgenomics, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
出版时间: 2025-11-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0531
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氧甲基转移酶(O-methyltransferase, OMT) 是参与苄基异喹啉生物碱甲基化修饰的关键酶, 其功能研究有助于揭示苄基异喹啉生物碱合成的分子机制。该研究从金线吊乌龟植物中成功克隆1条OMT基因, 并进行生物信息学分析及体外功能验证。ScOMT26基因的CDS序列全长为1 092 bp, 编码蛋白的氨基酸残基数量为363个, 该蛋白分子式C1827H2879N467O543S18, 属于稳定疏水性蛋白。体外酶促反应结果表明, ScOMT26能体外催化乌药碱的C4′位羟基甲基化生成4′-甲基乌药碱, 该酶的最适反应条件为pH 7.0, 50 mmol·L-1磷酸钾缓冲液, 25 ℃。该研究首次从金线吊乌龟中获得氧甲基转移酶并完成其功能鉴定, 为更深入了解OMT基因在苄基异喹啉生物碱合成途径中的功能提供了参考。

金线吊乌龟  /  O-甲基转移酶  /  苄基异喹啉类生物碱  /  基因克隆  /  功能表征

O-Methyltransferases (OMTs) are key enzymes involved in the methylation modification of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs), and their functional studies contribute to elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying BIA biosynthesis. In this study, a novel OMT gene was successfully cloned from Stephania cephalantha and subjected to bioinformatics analysis and in vitro functional characterization. The coding sequence (CDS) of ScOMT26 is 1 092 bp in length, encoding a protein of 363 amino acids with a molecular formula of C1827H2879N467O543S18, classified as a stable hydrophobic protein. In vitro enzymatic assays demonstrated that ScOMT26 catalyzes the methylation of the C4′-hydroxyl group of coclaurine to produce 4′-methylcoclaurine. The optimal reaction conditions were identified as pH 7.0 in 50 mmol·L-1 potassium phosphate buffer at 25 ℃. This study represents the first report of cloning and functional characterization of an OMT from S. cephalantha, providing critical insights into the role of OMT genes in the biosynthetic pathway of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids.

Stephania cepharantha  /  O-methyltransferase  /  benzylisoquinoline alkaloids  /  gene cloning  /  functional characterization
唐汀薇, 蔡玲, 刘柏梅, 彭红英, 王灿. 金线吊乌龟乌药碱-O-甲基转移酶(ScOMT26) 基因的克隆与功能表征. 药学学报, 2025 , 60 (11) : 3527 -3534 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0531
Ting-wei TANG, Ling CAI, Bai-mei LIU, Hong-ying PENG, Can WANG. Cloning and functional characterization of coclaurine O-methyltransferase (ScOMT26) gene in Stephania cepharantha[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2025 , 60 (11) : 3527 -3534 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0531
金线吊乌龟(Stephania cepharantha Hayata) 为防己科千金藤属植物, 是我国传统的药用植物。其块根作为民间常用药材, 在《中华本草》中明确记载具有清热解毒、凉血止血、消肿散结的功效, 常用于治疗咽喉肿痛和风湿痹痛等疾病。现代研究表明, 该药材的主要活性成分为双苄基异喹啉生物碱类化合物(bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids, bisBIAs), 如千金藤素、异粉防己碱和轮环藤宁等[1-3]。药理学研究进一步证实, 千金藤素在抗炎、抗肿瘤、抗病毒和调节免疫等展现出显著的生物活性[4]。然而, 当前千金藤素主要依赖从金线吊乌龟、云南地不容等相关植物中提取, 提取工艺复杂且提取率较低, 导致其资源短缺。近年来, 合成生物学技术为重要中药活性成分的高效合成提供了新策略, 但实现异源合成的必要前提是完整解析生物合成途径和鉴定基因元件[5-7]。
双苄基异喹啉类生物碱作为一类重要的天然二聚生物碱, 由两个苄基异喹啉单元通过一个氧桥连接而成[8]。其结构的丰富多样性, 源于氧桥数目(单/双/三醚键型)、连接位点(C-O/C-C偶联) 及取代基修饰(甲基化/羟基化) 等差异[9, 10]。尽管bisBIAs在防己科、毛茛科、小檗科等植物中广泛分布, 但目前对其生物合成机制的研究仍处于起步阶段[11]。迄今为止,多种双苄基异喹啉生物碱生物合成途径中涉及O-甲基化、N-甲基化及羟基化等修饰过程的关键酶,仍有待发掘与功能鉴定。仅个别单醚键型bisBIAs骨架的形成过程被阐明[12, 13]。例如, BsCYP80A1能催化两分子(R)-N-甲基乌药碱发生氧化偶联, 生成蝙蝠葛新林碱(C3′-O-C4′偶联) 化合物[14]。值得注意的是, 甲基化修饰对苄基异喹啉生物碱(benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, BIAs) 的结构多样性和药理活性起着决定性作用[15, 16]。其中, 氧甲基转移酶广泛参与BIAs生物合成过程, 通过催化羟基或羧基的甲基化反应, 显著拓展了该类化合物的化学结构多样性[17, 18]。目前, 科研人员已从罂粟(Papaver somniferum)、日本黄连(Coptis japonica) 等模式植物中, 成功鉴定出6-OMT、4′-OMT、3′-OMT等7种类型的OMT[19-21]。然而, 针对金线吊乌龟这一重要药用植物中OMT基因的功能研究, 至今仍处于空白状态。
基于本团队构建的金线吊乌龟全基因组图谱, 通过系统的生物信息学分析, 成功鉴定出54个OMT基因家族成员。根据其在染色体上的物理位置先后顺序, 依次命名为ScOMT1至ScOMT54。为探究OMTs基因功能, 本研究选择在金线吊乌龟根中高表达的ScOMT26基因作为研究对象。本研究成功克隆出1条ScOMT26基因, 对其进行生物信息学分析; 借助原核表达体系和体外酶活分析表征其催化功能, 并探究其酶学性质。本研究丰富了氧甲基转移酶工具库, 为苄基异喹啉生物碱的异源合成提供基因资源。
实验菌株、载体以及主要试剂  本实验所用的FastPure EndoFree Plasmid Mini Plus Kit (Lot: DC204-01)、FastPure Gel DNA Extraction Mini Kit (Lot: DC301-01)、ClonExpress® Ⅱ One Step Cloning Kit (Lot: C112)、2×Phanta Flash Master Mix (Dye Plus, Lot: P520-02)、DL15000 DNA marker (Lot: MD103-01)、DL5000 DNA marker (Lot: MD102-01) 均为诺唯赞生物科技有限公司产品; 2×NG PCR Master Mix (Lot: NG001S) 购自惠凌生物技术有限公司。SDS-PAGE凝胶制备试剂(Lot: P1200)、异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG, Lot: NO.I18070)、S-腺苷甲硫氨酸(SAM, S9990)、卡那霉素(Lot: S52641) 等生化试剂, 均由索莱宝生物科技有限公司供应。色谱级乙腈(Lot: A9554)、色谱级甲醇(Lot: A4564)、色谱级甲酸(Lot: A11750)、Sal I和Bam HⅠ限制性内切酶(Lot: ER0641、ER0051), 均购自赛默飞世尔科技公司。HyPurTNi-NTA6FF (His-Tag) 预装重力柱纯化试剂盒(Lot: C600332-0001) 由生工生物工程有限公司提供; 双色预染蛋白marker (Lot: WJ101) 购自上海雅酶生物医药科技有限公司。大肠杆菌DH5α感受态细胞(Lot: DL1001M) 购自唯地生物科技有限公司, BL21(DE3) 感受态细胞(Lot: NO.B528414) 则来源于生工生物工程有限公司, pET-30a载体由本实验室保存并提供。(S)-乌药碱标准品(Lot: WKQ-0003249) 来源于四川省维克奇生物科技有限公司。
主要仪器设备  SimpliAmpTM梯度型基因扩增仪和Nanodrop one超微量分光光度计(赛默飞世尔科技有限公司); DYY-6C凝胶电泳仪(北京六一生物科技有限公司); MiNiSpace 2000电泳凝胶成像仪(上海天能生命科学有限公司); STAB S2TD双层控温摇床(上海润度生物科技有限公司); DL-CJ-2NDI洁净工作台(北京东联哈尔仪器制造有限公司); TGL-21M高速冷冻离心机(上海卢湘仪离心机仪器有限公司); DK-8D电热恒温水浴锅(上海森信实验仪器有限公司); JN-Mini Pro超高压低温连续流细胞破碎仪(广州聚能纳米生物科技有限公司); PowerPac Basic蛋白电泳仪(伯乐生命医学产品有限公司); TS-100脱色摇床(海门市其林贝尔仪器制造有限公司); 超高效液相串联三重四极杆质谱联用仪(Agilent 6475 LC/TQ) 和Agilent-ZORBAX-300SB-C18柱(150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm), 美国安捷伦科技有限公司。
ScOMT26基因克隆与原核表达载体的构建  基于本实验室的金线吊乌龟基因组数据库获得ScOMT26基因的ORF序列, 采用Snap gene软件设计ScOMT26基因的特异性扩增引物(表1), 以金线吊乌龟块根cDNA为模板, 利用2 × Phanta Flash Master Mix (Dye Plus) 扩增ScOMT26基因序列。使用1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测扩增产物, 选取符合预期大小的条带进行切胶回收获得纯化后的PCR扩增产物。接着, 使用SalI和BamHⅠ限制性内切酶对pET-30a空载质粒进行双酶切, 通过胶回收试剂盒获得线性化载体。通过同源重组方法将ScOMT26片段与线性化pET-30a载体连接, 构建pET30a-ScOMT26重组质粒并经热激法转化至大肠杆菌DH5α感受态细胞。挑取单菌落进行菌液PCR, 所用引物为30a-ScOMT26-BamHIF和T7ter, 筛选阳性克隆并送Sanger测序验证序列正确性。提取阳性菌液质粒, 并转化BL21(DE3) 感受态细胞, 涂布于卡那霉素(Kana) 抗性LB平板, 37 ℃培养12 h后挑取单菌落, 再次通过菌液PCR筛选阳性克隆。
ScOMT26的生物信息学分析  利用ProtParam工具(https://web.expasy.org/protparam/) 分析ScOMT26蛋白的理化性质和SOPMA在线工具(https://npsa.lyon.inserm.fr/cgi-bin/npsa_automat.pl?page=/NPSA/npsa_sopma.html) 预测ScOMT26蛋白的二级结构。通过Swiss model在线网站(https://swissmodel.expasy.org/) 上选取整体模型质量估计(GMQE) 值较高的草莓(Fragaria ananassa) O-甲基转移酶与S-腺苷同型半胱氨酸和原儿茶醛复合物的O-甲基转移酶为模板进行建模。采用SignalP-6.0 (https://services.healthtech.dtu.dk/services/SignalP-6.0/) 和TMHMM-2.0 (https://services.healthtech.dtu.dk/services/TMHMM-2.0/) 分别预测ScOMT26蛋白的信号肽和跨膜结构域。使用Clustalw进行ScOMT26与其他氧甲基转移酶的氨基酸序列比对, 并通过ESPript在线工具(https://espript.ibcp.fr/ESPript/cgi-bin/ESPript.cgi) 对结果进行可视化。运用MEGA6.0软件, 基于邻接法(neighbor-joining, NJ) 模型构建ScOMT26与其他OMTs的系统进化树, bootstrap设置为1 000次。
ScOMT26原核表达与蛋白纯化  挑取pET-30a-ScOMT26-BL21单菌落, 接种于含50 μg·mL-1 Kana的5 mL LB培养基中, 37 ℃、200 r·min-1条件下过夜培养。菌液以1∶100的比例扩大培养至OD600约为0.6, 随后加入终浓度为0.1 mmol·L-1的异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG), 在16 ℃下继续培养16 h以诱导蛋白表达。通过4 ℃、12 000 r·min-1离心10 min收集菌体, 并将其重悬于20 mL buffer A (50 mmol·L-1 Tris-HCl, 300 mmol·L-1 NaCl, 15 mmol·L-1咪唑, 10%甘油, pH 8.0) 中, 随后用高压细胞破碎仪破碎细胞。接着, 4 ℃、12 000 r·min-1离心15 min, 取其上清液并经0.22 μm水系滤膜过滤, 准备进行纯化。使用HyPurTNi-NTA6FF (His-Tag) 预装重力柱纯化上清样品, 借助2 mL buffer B (50 mmol·L-1 Tris-HCl, 300 mmol·L-1 NaCl, 500 mmol·L-1咪唑, 10% 甘油, pH 8.0) 洗脱柱上结合的组氨酸标签蛋白得到纯化的OMT重组目标蛋白。使用Amicon® Ultra离心超滤管10 kDa MWCO (Merck) 将重组蛋白置换到storage buffer缓冲液(100 mmol·L-1 NaH2PO4, 10%甘油, pH 7.2)。通过SDS-PAGE电泳检测目的蛋白纯化效果, 并采用Bradford法测定纯化蛋白的浓度。
ScOMT26体外酶促反应及产物鉴定  为检测ScOMT26蛋白的催化活性, 本实验选取(S)-乌药碱作为底物。以空载(pET-30a) 粗酶液作为阴性对照, 每个反应均设置3个重复。体外酶促反应包含100 μg纯化蛋白、5 μL浓度为10 mmol·L-1的SAM、2 μL浓度为5 mmol·L-1 (S)-乌药碱, 并用100 mmol·L-1、pH 7.2的PBS缓冲液补足至100 μL。实验组与对照组均在30 ℃、200 r·min-1的条件下反应16 h, 随后加入100 μL分析甲醇终止反应。反应液在12 000 r·min-1的转速下离心10 min, 取上清液过滤后, 用于LC-MS/MS检测。
LC-MS/MS检测液相条件: 以Agilent-ZORBAX-300SB-C18柱(150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) 为固定相, 以含有0.1%甲酸的超纯水(A相) 和色谱乙腈(B相) 为流动相, 线性梯度洗脱, 洗脱梯度程序为0~0.3 min, 溶液B为5%; 0.3~3.5 min, 溶液B为5%~45%; 3.5~5.5 min, 溶液B为45%~95%; 5.5~7.0 min, 溶液B为95%; 7.0~7.1 min, 溶液B为95%~5%; 7.1~8.0 min, 溶液B为5%。柱温设定为40 ℃, 进样量为5 μL, 流速为0.6 mL·min-1。质谱仪的参数设置如下: 检测离子对为(S)-乌药碱286.2→107.1、4′-甲基乌药碱300.2→121.1、去甲亚美罂粟碱300.2→107.1, 碰撞能量分别为28、20和30 V, 碎裂电压均设置140 V; 采用ESI正离子模式, 鞘气温度为375 ℃, 毛细管电压为2 500 V, 干燥气温度为250 ℃, 鞘气流速为11 L·min-1, 干燥气流速为7 L·min-1, 雾化器压力为241.32 kPa, 使用MRM和Product ion模式上机检测。
ScOMT26酶学性质研究  pH对ScOMT26酶活性的影响: 以(S)-乌药碱为底物, 测定OMTs在30 ℃的条件下, pH所用梯度为4.0、5.0、6.0、7.0、8.0、9.0、10.0、11.0的相对酶活性。根据缓冲液的有效缓冲范围, 选择三种缓冲液: pH 4.0~5.0使用50 mmol·L-1柠檬酸-柠檬酸钠缓冲液; pH 6.0~8.0使用50 mmol·L-1磷酸钾缓冲液; pH 9.0~10.0使用100 mmol·L-1甘氨酸-氢氧化钠缓冲液; pH 11.0使用100 mmol·L-1磷酸氢二钠-氢氧化钠缓冲液。每个pH设置3个重复, 酶活反应体系和检测条件同上。温度对ScOMT26酶活性的影响: 以(S)-乌药碱为底物, 在最适pH条件下测定OMTs在4、15、25、30、37和45 ℃反应条件下的相对酶活性, 每个温度设置3个重复, 酶活反应体系和检测条件同上。
基于本实验室的金线吊乌龟基因组数据, 通过PCR方法扩增ScOMT26基因cDNA全长序列。经1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳验证, 扩增产物可见单一清晰条带, 大小约1 092 bp, 与目标基因理论长度基本一致(图1)。Sanger测序结果显示, 该基因编码区全长1 092 bp, 可编码363个氨基酸。根据图1可知, 可表明pET-30a载体经双酶切, 成功获得线性化载体。利用同源重组的方法构建pET-30a-ScOMT26原核表达载体, 通过菌液PCR对转化的大肠杆菌DH5α菌株进行阳性鉴定(图1), 在1 500 bp附近观察到单一亮带, 可初步判定ScOMT26基因成功与载体pET-30a连接。最后, 将对应有条带的菌液送Sanger测序, 序列比对显示, 其与金线吊乌龟基因组中ScOMT26基因编码区完全一致, 表明本研究成功构建pET-30a-ScOMT26重组质粒, 为后续体外异源表达及酶功能研究奠定基础。
利用Protparam在线软件分析ScOMT26蛋白序列, 结果表明, ScOMT26编码蛋白的分子式为C1827H2879N467O543S18, 理论分子质量为40.65 kDa, 理论等电点为5.28, 带正电荷的残基数(Asp + Glu) 为46, 带负电荷的残基数(Arg + Lys) 为36, 不稳定系数为38.82, 脂肪系数为93.99, 疏水性平均值(GRAVY) 为-0.105, 属于稳定的亲水性蛋白。ScOMT26蛋白的二级结构主要由α-螺旋、延伸链和无规则卷曲三部分组成, 其中蛋白质中α-螺旋占比48.48%, 延伸链占比13.77%, 无规则卷曲占比37.74% (图2A)。蛋白同源建模显示ScOMT26蛋白与6i73蛋白序列一致性为50.00%, 建模范围涵盖15~362位氨基酸, GMQE值为0.79 (图2B)。ScOMT26蛋白的跨膜结构域预测由图2C可知, 构成ScOMT26蛋白的氨基酸位于细胞膜外, 不存在跨膜结构域, 属于膜外蛋白。信号肽预测由图2D可知, ScOMT26蛋白质中无信号肽切割位点。
为进一步了解金线吊乌龟ScOMT26蛋白的功能和系统进化关系, 选取其他植物中已功能表征的OMT蛋白和ScOMT26序列构建系统发育进化树。如图3所示, 金线吊乌龟ScOMT26蛋白和罂粟PsSOMT1、延胡索CyOMT6聚为一枝, 说明它们之间亲缘关系较近, 均属于I类OMT亚家族。此外, 多重序列比对表明, ScOMT26蛋白具有O-甲基转移酶家族的保守结构域。
通过在IPTG浓度为1.0 mmol·L-1、温度为16 ℃、诱导时间为16 h条件下, 对目标蛋白进行体外大量表达。接着使用His标签亲和色谱柱进行蛋白纯化, 并使用浓度为250 mmol·L-1咪唑洗脱组分, 随后进行SDS-PAGE检测。SDS-PAGE结果表明, 成功获得了1条纯度较高的可溶性ScOMT26重组蛋白, 分子质量为40~55 kDa, 与目标蛋白的大小基本符合(图4)。
通过异源表达体系和体外酶促反应对ScOMT26功能进行表征, LC-MS/MS检测的总离子流(TIC) 图表明, ScOMT26蛋白能够接受(S)-乌药碱为底物, 在保留时间5.45 min处产生1个新化合物峰。二级质谱图显示该新化合物峰的母离子为[M+H]+ m/z 300.1 (图5D), 观察到新的羟基苄基碎片离子m/z为121.2, 其质荷比相对(S)-乌药碱的碎片离子m/z 107.1增加14 Da, 表明在底物的C4′位添加了一个甲基(图5)。上述LC-MS/MS数据与延胡索CyOMT2催化(S)-乌药碱生成的化合物质谱图相同[19], 产物被进一步鉴定为4′-甲基乌药碱。结果表明, ScOMT26对(S)-乌药碱的C4′位进行甲基化形成4′-甲基乌药碱。
以(S)-乌药碱为底物, SAM作为甲基供体, 进行不同pH值(4.0~11.0) 条件下对ScOMT26催化活性的研究。结果表明, pH在4.0和5.0条件下, 该重组酶对(S)-乌药碱几乎没有活性; pH 7.0条件下, ScOMT26展现出相对最高的酶活性; 随着pH的升高, 产物量逐渐减少; pH达到10或11时, 酶活性微弱。为探究温度对ScOMT26活性的影响, 通过检测不同温度(4~45 ℃) 下催化产物生成量, 结果发现该酶在25 ℃条件下具有相对最高的活性, 随着温度的升高, ScOMT26酶活性逐渐降低, 在45 ℃时, 酶活性较弱。
O-甲基转移酶是含有甲氧基的天然化合物生物合成途径中关键的后修饰酶, 能催化生物碱、黄酮类、植物激素等很多小分子的羟基发生甲氧基化反应[22, 23]。依据分子量大小、金属离子依赖性等特征, 将植物OMTs细分为两类(class Ⅰ和Ⅱ)。前者以CCoAOMT蛋白为代表, 分子质量一般为23~29 kDa, 具有金属二价离子依赖性; 后者又称咖啡酸-O-氧甲基转移酶(COMT), 蛋白分子质量较大, 约为38~42 kDa, 活性不依赖于金属阳离子的参与[24, 25]。研究表明, BIAs生物合成途径中的OMTs都属于Ⅱ型O-甲基转移酶, 依赖SAM作为甲基供体[26, 27]。目前, 已克隆到了催化(S)-去甲乌药碱、3-羟基-N-甲基乌药碱、牛心果碱、异莲心碱等化合物甲基化反应的OMT基因[28, 29], 但这些研究主要集中于毛茛科植物及莲等植物中, 金线吊乌龟作为产千金藤素的防己科藤本植物, 尚未有OMT相关的研究报道。
本研究首次从金线吊乌龟中克隆得到1条OMT基因, 生物信息学分析发现ScOMT26蛋白氨基酸序列具有保守的S-腺苷甲硫氨酸转移酶结构域。系统发育进化树分析表明, 它跟前期报道参与BIAs生物合成途径的OMTs功能蛋白一致, 隶属于COMT家族[17]。通过原核表达体系和体外酶活检测对其功能进行表征, 研究发现ScOMT26能催化(S)-乌药碱的羟基发生甲基化, 形成4′-甲基乌药碱。此外, 酶学性质的结果表明ScOMT26重组酶的最适反应条件为25 ℃和pH 7.0。迄今为止, 越来越多的OMT蛋白表现出底物杂泛性和交叉区域的选择性[26, 30], 例如CyOMT5能够使用3′-羟基-N-甲基乌药碱为底物, 产生一个7-O甲基化的产物, 而且CyOMT5在三种BIA中表现出在特定位置(异喹啉的C6和C7位点) 具有高效的甲基化活性[19]。然而, ScOMT26蛋白底物杂泛性和酶动力学参数还需要进一步研究。总之, 本研究首次成功克隆并功能鉴定了金线吊乌龟中的O-甲基转移酶基因ScOMT26, 证实其催化(S)-乌药碱羟基发生甲基化, 为进一步解析千金藤素生物合成奠定理论基础, 也为未来异源合成苄基异喹啉类生物碱提供了基因资源。

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2025年第60卷第11期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0531
  • 接收时间:2025-05-12
  • 首发时间:2026-09-20
  • 出版时间:2025-11-12
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-12
  • 修回日期:2025-08-12
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    1成都中医药大学医学技术学院, 四川 成都 611137
    2成都中医药大学药学院, 四川 成都 611137
    3成都中医药大学中医药创新研究院, 四川 成都 611137
    4成都中医药大学本草基因组学研究院, 四川 成都 611137

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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