Article(id=1308467738385608944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308467640138227885, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0528, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1746720000000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-09, revisedDate=1754064000000, revisedDateStr=2025-08-02, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789892618986, onlineDateStr=2026-09-20, pubDate=1760198400000, pubDateStr=2025-10-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789892618986, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789892618986, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789892618986, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1308467640138227885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2025', volume='60', issue='10', pageStart='2913', pageEnd='3262', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1760198400000', pubDateStr='2025-10-12', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789892595562, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789893273356, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1308470483071033443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308467640138227885, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1308470483071033444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308467640138227885, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=3139, endPage=3145, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1308467738603712753, articleId=1308467738385608944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=A new ionone from n-butanol fraction of Curcuma phaeocaulis, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The n-butanol fraction of Curcuma phaeocaulis was separated and purified using a combination of chromatographic techniques, including reversed-phase medium-pressure liquid chromatography, gel column chromatography, silica gel column chromatography, preparative thin-layer chromatography and reversed-phase semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated through comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, including high-resolution mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Finally, three ionone glycosides were isolated from C. phaeocaulis and identified as (6Z, 9S)-4, 6-megastigmadien-3-one-9-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), (3R, 9S)-megastigman-5-en-3, 9-diol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), and blumenol C glucoside (3). Notably, compound 1 was a new ionone, while compounds 2 and 3 were isolated from C. phaeocaulis for the first time. Subsequent evaluation of cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activities revealed that all three compounds exhibited cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory effects.

, authors=Yu-xi HUANG1, Yu-yao YAN1, Xiao-cui LI1, Fei LIU1, *, Liang XIONG1, 2, *, Ou DAI1, 3, *, authorsList=Yu-xi HUANG, Yu-yao YAN, Xiao-cui LI, Fei LIU, Liang XIONG, Ou DAI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Fei LIU, Liang XIONG, Ou DAI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1308467739413213430, articleId=1308467738385608944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=蓬莪术正丁醇部位中一个新的紫罗兰酮成分, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

采用反相中压液相色谱、凝胶柱色谱、硅胶柱色谱、制备薄层色谱及反相半制备高液相色谱等分离技术, 对蓬莪术正丁醇部位进行了分离纯化。随后, 运用高分辨质谱、红外、核磁共振等波谱技术对化合物进行了结构鉴定。最终, 从蓬莪术正丁醇部位中分离鉴定了3个紫罗兰酮苷类化合物, 分别为(6Z, 9S)-4, 6-megastigmadien-3-one-9-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1)、(3R, 9S)-megastigman-5-en-3, 9-diol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2) 和blumenol C glucoside (3), 其中化合物1为新的紫罗兰酮苷, 化合物2和3为首次从蓬莪术中分离得到。对分得的化合物进行细胞毒和抗炎活性研究, 结果表明, 3个化合物均具有一定的细胞毒及抗炎活性。

, authors=黄宇希1, 严禹瑶1, 李小翠1, 刘菲1, *, 熊亮1, 2, *, 戴鸥1, 3, *, authorsList=黄宇希, 严禹瑶, 李小翠, 刘菲, 熊亮, 戴鸥, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=刘菲, 熊亮, 戴鸥, authorNote=

作者贡献:

黄宇希为本文第一作者, 负责成分分离、结构鉴定、细胞活性筛选和论文撰写; 严禹瑶和李小翠协助样品粗分离; 刘菲、熊亮和戴鸥负责实验指导和稿件修改。

, correspAuthorsNote=
刘菲, Tel: 86-28-61800231, E-mail:
熊亮, E-mail:
戴鸥, E-mail:
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No.1a1ab
δHδCδHδC
141.941.1
22.30 d (5.7)53.72.30 brs53.0
3201.8199.3
45.91 brs129.25.91 brs129.2
5159.6144.9
6144.8156.1
75.95 t (7.0)129.55.74 t (7.0)126.8
8a2.56 m38.02.48 m39.7
8b2.65 m
94.00 q (6.2)77.23.94 q (6.2)68.3
101.29 d (6.2)22.01.25 d (6.2)23.5
111.19 s28.21.18 s28.1
121.20 s28.31.18 s28.2
132.28 brs25.12.22 brs24.9
1′4.39 d (7.8)103.9
2′3.18 dd (9.2, 7.8)75.2
3′3.35 m78.2
4′3.28 m71.7
5′3.31 m78.0
6′a3.67 m62.8
6′b3.87 m
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1H NMR (600 MHz) and 13C NMR data (150 MHz) of 1 and 1a. aData were measured in CD3OD; bData were measured in CDCl3

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No.1a1ab
δHδCδHδC
141.941.1
22.30 d (5.7)53.72.30 brs53.0
3201.8199.3
45.91 brs129.25.91 brs129.2
5159.6144.9
6144.8156.1
75.95 t (7.0)129.55.74 t (7.0)126.8
8a2.56 m38.02.48 m39.7
8b2.65 m
94.00 q (6.2)77.23.94 q (6.2)68.3
101.29 d (6.2)22.01.25 d (6.2)23.5
111.19 s28.21.18 s28.1
121.20 s28.31.18 s28.2
132.28 brs25.12.22 brs24.9
1′4.39 d (7.8)103.9
2′3.18 dd (9.2, 7.8)75.2
3′3.35 m78.2
4′3.28 m71.7
5′3.31 m78.0
6′a3.67 m62.8
6′b3.87 m
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CompundInhibition rate/%
HeLaA2780
130.96 ± 1.16< 20
229.93 ± 11.57< 20
323.07 ± 0.79< 20
Doxorubicin81.7 ± 2.7192.0 ± 0.58
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Inhibition of HeLa and A2780 cells by compounds 1-3 at 50 μmol·L-1 and doxorubicin at 1 μmol·L-1; HeLa: Henrietta Lacks cells; A2780: A2780 human ovarian cancer cells

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CompundInhibition rate/%
HeLaA2780
130.96 ± 1.16< 20
229.93 ± 11.57< 20
323.07 ± 0.79< 20
Doxorubicin81.7 ± 2.7192.0 ± 0.58
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CompoundInhibition rate of NO / %
118.33 ± 1.38
1a36.24 ± 4.77
227.90 ± 0.55
39.39 ± 2.88
Curcumin77.3 ± 7.98
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Inhibition of NO release from RAW264.7 cells by compounds 1-3, 1a, and curcumin at 50 µmol·L-1. RAW264.7: Mouse monocyte-macrophage leukemia cells

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CompoundInhibition rate of NO / %
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1a36.24 ± 4.77
227.90 ± 0.55
39.39 ± 2.88
Curcumin77.3 ± 7.98
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蓬莪术正丁醇部位中一个新的紫罗兰酮成分
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黄宇希 1 , 严禹瑶 1 , 李小翠 1 , 刘菲 1, * , 熊亮 1, 2, * , 戴鸥 1, 3, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2025,60(10): 3139-3145
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药学学报 |研究论文 2025 , 60 (10) : 3139 -3145
蓬莪术正丁醇部位中一个新的紫罗兰酮成分
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黄宇希1, 严禹瑶1, 李小翠1, 刘菲1, * , 熊亮1, 2, * , 戴鸥1, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1成都中医药大学药学院, 西南特色中药资源国家重点实验室, 四川 成都 611137
  • 2成都中医药大学医学技术学院, 四川 成都 611137
  • 3成都中医药大学附属医院, 四川 成都 611137
通讯作者:
刘菲, Tel: 86-28-61800231, E-mail:
熊亮, E-mail:
戴鸥, E-mail:
作者简介:

作者贡献:

黄宇希为本文第一作者, 负责成分分离、结构鉴定、细胞活性筛选和论文撰写; 严禹瑶和李小翠协助样品粗分离; 刘菲、熊亮和戴鸥负责实验指导和稿件修改。

A new ionone from n-butanol fraction of Curcuma phaeocaulis
Yu-xi HUANG1, Yu-yao YAN1, Xiao-cui LI1, Fei LIU1, * , Liang XIONG1, 2, * , Ou DAI1, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
  • 2College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
  • 3Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
出版时间: 2025-10-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0528
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采用反相中压液相色谱、凝胶柱色谱、硅胶柱色谱、制备薄层色谱及反相半制备高液相色谱等分离技术, 对蓬莪术正丁醇部位进行了分离纯化。随后, 运用高分辨质谱、红外、核磁共振等波谱技术对化合物进行了结构鉴定。最终, 从蓬莪术正丁醇部位中分离鉴定了3个紫罗兰酮苷类化合物, 分别为(6Z, 9S)-4, 6-megastigmadien-3-one-9-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1)、(3R, 9S)-megastigman-5-en-3, 9-diol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2) 和blumenol C glucoside (3), 其中化合物1为新的紫罗兰酮苷, 化合物2和3为首次从蓬莪术中分离得到。对分得的化合物进行细胞毒和抗炎活性研究, 结果表明, 3个化合物均具有一定的细胞毒及抗炎活性。

蓬莪术  /  分离鉴定  /  紫罗兰酮  /  细胞毒  /  抗炎

The n-butanol fraction of Curcuma phaeocaulis was separated and purified using a combination of chromatographic techniques, including reversed-phase medium-pressure liquid chromatography, gel column chromatography, silica gel column chromatography, preparative thin-layer chromatography and reversed-phase semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated through comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, including high-resolution mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Finally, three ionone glycosides were isolated from C. phaeocaulis and identified as (6Z, 9S)-4, 6-megastigmadien-3-one-9-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), (3R, 9S)-megastigman-5-en-3, 9-diol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), and blumenol C glucoside (3). Notably, compound 1 was a new ionone, while compounds 2 and 3 were isolated from C. phaeocaulis for the first time. Subsequent evaluation of cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activities revealed that all three compounds exhibited cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory effects.

Curcuma phaeocaulis  /  isolation and identification  /  ionone  /  cytotoxicity  /  anti-inflammatory
黄宇希, 严禹瑶, 李小翠, 刘菲, 熊亮, 戴鸥. 蓬莪术正丁醇部位中一个新的紫罗兰酮成分. 药学学报, 2025 , 60 (10) : 3139 -3145 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0528
Yu-xi HUANG, Yu-yao YAN, Xiao-cui LI, Fei LIU, Liang XIONG, Ou DAI. A new ionone from n-butanol fraction of Curcuma phaeocaulis[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2025 , 60 (10) : 3139 -3145 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0528
莪术为姜科植物蓬莪术Curcuma phaeocaulis Val.、广西莪术Curcuma kwangsiensis S. G. Lee et C. F. Liang或温郁金Curcuma wenyujin Y. H. Chen et C. Ling的干燥根茎[1]。莪术作为传统的活血化瘀类中药, 药用历史悠久, 始载于《药性论》谓其“治女子血气心痛, 破痃癖冷气”; 《本草经疏》曰“莪术主积聚诸气, 为最要之药”; 张锡纯《医学衷中参西录》云: “元气既旺, 愈能鼓舞三棱、莪术之力以消癥瘕”。可见历代医家皆认为莪术消癥瘕、散血积的功效卓著, 故素有“破血消癥”要药的美称。现代中医理论认为肿瘤属于特殊的癥瘕积聚, 且活血化瘀为中医治疗肿瘤的常用方法[2, 3], 临床上莪术作为活血化瘀药常用于宫颈癌、卵巢癌等妇科肿瘤类疾病的辅助治疗[4-6]。综上可见, 古今医家皆以莪术作为抗肿瘤良药。现代研究表明莪术主要活性成分为姜黄素类与倍半萜类[7]。倍半萜类化合物具有广泛的药理活性, 包括抗炎、抗肿瘤[8]、抗菌[9]、保肝[10, 11]等, 其中对莪术抗肿瘤药效物质基础的研究主要集中于β-榄香烯[12]、莪术醇[13, 14]及姜黄素[15]等中低极性成分, 而关于莪术中大极性抗肿瘤成分的研究仍明显不足。莪术临床常以水煎剂入药, 故本研究选取川产道地药材蓬莪术的正丁醇部位开展研究, 共从中分离鉴定3个紫罗兰酮苷类化合物。如图1所示, 其中化合物1为新化合物。随后对分离所得成分进行了抗肿瘤密切相关的细胞毒及抗炎活性评价。
化合物1为白色无定形粉末。[α]$ {}_{\mathrm{D}}^{20} $ -19.6 (c 0.04, MeOH); (+)-HR-ESI-MS给出准分子离子峰m/z 393.188 4 [M+Na]+ (计算值C19H30O7Na, 393.188 9), 提示其分子式为C19H30O7, 不饱和度为5。
化合物1的1H NMR数据(表1) δH 3.18 (1H, dd, J = 9.2, 7.8 Hz, H-2ʹ), 3.28 (1H, m, H-4′), 3.31 (1H, m, H-5ʹ), 3.35 (1H, m, H-3ʹ), 3.67 (1H, m, H-6bʹ), 3.87 (1H, m, H-6aʹ), 4.39 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz, H-1′); 13C NMR数据(表1) δC 103.9 (C-1ʹ), 75.2 (C-2ʹ), 78.2 (C-3ʹ), 71.7 (C-4ʹ), 78.0 (C-5ʹ), 62.8 (C-6ʹ) 显示有β-葡萄糖单元的存在。剩下的氢谱数据显示3个单峰甲基信号[δH 1.19 (3H, s, H-11), 1.20 (3H, s, H-12), 2.28 (3H, brs, H-13)] 和1个双峰甲基信号[δH 1.29 (3H, d, J = 6.2 Hz, H-10)]、2个亚甲基信号[δH 2.30 (2H, d, J = 5.8 Hz, H-2), 2.56 (1H, m, H-8a), 2.65 (1H, m, H-8b)]、3个次甲基信号[δH 4.00 (1H, q, J = 6.2 Hz, H-9), 5.91 (1H, brs, H-4), 5.95 (1H, t, J = 7.0 Hz, H-7)]。剩下的碳谱数据显示13个碳信号, 其中包含4个甲基碳(δC 28.2, 28.3, 25.1, 22.0)、2个亚甲基碳(δC 53.7, 38.0)、3个次甲基碳[包含2个烯碳(δC 129.2, 129.5)和1个连氧碳(δC 77.2)]、4个季碳[包含1个羰基碳(δC 201.8) 和2个烯碳(δC 159.6, 144.8)]。以上苷元的核磁数据与已知化合物(6Z, 9S)-9-hydroxy-4, 6-megastigmadien-3-one[16]非常相似, 推测其为该化合物的葡萄糖苷衍生物。
进一步采用2D NMR对化合物1的结构进行了鉴定。根据1H-1H COSY谱中显示H-7/H-8/H-9/H-10相关信号以及HMBC谱中H3-13和C-4、C-5、C-6相关, H3-11和C-2、C-1、C-6、C-12相关, H2-2和C-3、C-1相关, H-7和C-1、C-5、C-9相关, H3-10和C-8、C-9相关, H-1′和C-9位相关, 证明了化合物1具有与(Z)-4-[3′- (β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)butylidene]-3, 5, 5-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-l-one相同的平面结构, 但文献[17, 18]中并未确定其C-9位的绝对构型。
为确定化合物1的绝对构型, 用蜗牛酶对其进行糖苷水解反应得到了苷元1a, 其核磁谱数据(表1) 与文献[16]报道基本一致, 且旋光方向一致, 故鉴定苷元1a为(6Z, 9S)-9-hydroxy-4, 6-megastigmadien-3-one。因此, 化合物1最终被鉴定为(6Z, 9S)-4, 6-megastigmadien-3-one-9-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, 如图2所示。
采用噻唑蓝(MTT) 法对化合物1~3及阳性药多柔比星(doxorubicin) 对HeLa细胞、A2780细胞两种妇科肿瘤细胞株的细胞毒活性进行评价, 实验结果表明, 3个化合物均对HeLa细胞的增殖具有一定的抑制作用, 其中化合物1的活性相对最好, 如表2所示。
将分得的各化合物及其苷元配制成50 μmol·L-1, 并分别作用RAW264.7细胞(小鼠单核巨噬细胞白血病细胞) 48 h后发现, 细胞存活率在90%以上, 结果表明, 化合物在该浓度对RAW264.7细胞无明显细胞毒性, 为后续相应化合物及其苷元活性研究提供合理依据。随后, 本实验考察了0.1% DMSO对LPS (脂多糖) 造模后的RAW264.7细胞活力及炎症因子NO含量的影响, 应用一氧化氮试剂盒检测了蓬莪术正丁醇部位分离的3个化合物和化合物1的苷元以及阳性药姜黄素(curcumin) 对LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞炎症模型中炎症因子NO释放的影响。实验结果发现苷元1a在50 μmol·L-1时对NO的释放具有一定抑制作用, 优于其苷类, 抗炎活性最佳, 如表3所示。表明紫罗兰酮类在蓬莪术抗炎效应中可能具有一定作用。
蓬莪术(C. phaeocaulis) 为著名的川产道地药材, 历代医家多认为其具有破血行瘀、消癥散结之功效, 素有“破血消瘕”要药的美称。中医临床常用于宫颈癌、卵巢癌等妇科肿瘤类疾病的辅助治疗, 疗效确切。近年来, 关于蓬莪术中倍半萜类成分结构鉴定及药理活性研究已经取得了较为系统的进展。现有研究表明, 其抗肿瘤活性成分主要集中β-榄香烯、莪术醇及姜黄素等中低极性成分[12, 13, 19, 20]。而莪术临床应用常以水煎剂形式使用, 已有研究表明中药大极性成分具有良好的生物活性[21, 22], 但蓬莪术大极性部位的化学成分及其抗肿瘤活性研究相对滞后, 相关物质基础尚不明确。因此本研究对蓬莪术的正丁醇部位展开化学成分分离与鉴定工作, 首次从中分离得到3个紫罗兰酮苷类化合物, 其中包括1个新化合物。近年来, 越来越多研究关注于植物化学成分在癌症预防中的作用[23, 24], 而紫罗兰酮类则是颇具潜力的一类成分, 其具有环化异戊二烯结构单元, 属于单环单萜化合物, 广泛存在于含有β-胡萝卜素的水果、蔬菜及植物精油中, 具有多种药理活性[25-27]。现代研究表明, 紫罗兰酮类成分能够通过抑制肿瘤细胞增殖、转移和诱导凋亡等多重机制发挥抗癌作用[28-32]。因此, 本实验进一步对分离得到3个紫罗兰酮类化合物进行了与抗肿瘤活性密切相关的细胞毒性和抗炎活性评价, 结果表明, 这些化合物在上述两个方面均表现出一定的活性。
综上所述, 本实验基于“蓬莪术‘消癥’功效—紫罗兰酮抗肿瘤药效”这一理论框架为基石, 进一步开展莪术正丁醇部位紫罗兰酮苷类化合物与抗肿瘤密切相关的细胞毒及抗炎活性物质基础研究, 发现分离所得化合物虽有一定的相关活性, 但效果并不显著。这一发现提示, 蓬莪术中可能蕴含着其他尚未被揭示的“消癥”功效物质基础, 亟待进一步深入探究。
蓬莪术药材采于四川省崇州市三江镇宋桥村, 经成都中医药大学高继海副教授鉴定为蓬莪术(C. phaeocaulis) 的干燥根茎, 植物标本(CP-20180303) 保存于成都中医药大学西南特色药材创新药物成分研究所。
核磁共振仪(Bruker Avance-NEO-600 NMR, Bruker Avance-NEO-700 NMR, 美国Bruker公司); 集热式恒温磁力搅拌浴(郑州长城科工贸有限公司); D101大孔吸附树脂(成都科隆化学品有限公司); 蜗牛酶(北京拜尔迪生物技术有限公司); Rudolph高精度旋光仪(Autopol Ⅰ, 美国鲁道夫公司); 红外光谱仪(Agilent cary 600 FT-IR microscope instrument, 美国Agilent公司); 圆二色谱仪(Applied Photophysics Chirascan CD光谱仪, 英国应用光物理公司); 高分辨质谱仪(Synapt G2 HDMS instrument, 美国Waters公司); 旋转蒸发仪(RE-2000A, 贤德实验仪器); 中压液相色谱仪(Búchi Grandient Former B-687); HPLC仪(Agilent 1100); 薄层析及柱层析硅胶(青岛海洋硅胶干燥剂厂); 薄层板(GF254硅胶制备薄层板, 烟台江友); 葡聚糖凝胶(Sephadex LH-20, Amersham Pharmacia; HW-40F, Toyopearl); 试剂(色谱纯, Sigma; 分析纯, 成都科龙化工试剂厂); MILLI-Q纯水仪(美国Millipore公司); SANYOMLS-3780型实验用高压灭菌锅(日本SANYO公司); SW-CJ-2F型双人双面净化工作台(苏州净化设备有限公司); Forma Series Ⅱ Water Jacket CO2孵箱、Varioskan Flash Multiskan MK3酶标仪(美国Thermo公司); DMEM培养基(批号: 8120501, Gibco公司); 新生牛血清(FBS, 批号: 20090301, 浙江天杭生物); 磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS, 批号: 00005197-240232, 北京中杉金桥生物); DMSO (细胞培养级, 批号: 710N033)、Hoechst33258染色液、胰蛋白酶(YM, 批号: 910O041) (Solarbio公司); 噻唑蓝(MTT, 批号: EZ6789A155, BioFroxx公司); Annexin V-FITC/PI双染色细胞凋亡检测试剂盒(批号: 20201009, 南京凯基生物); HeLa (人宫颈癌细胞)、A2780 (人卵巢癌细胞) 均购自美国ATCC; 脂多糖(lipopolysaccharides, LPS, 批号: 039M4004V, Sigma公司); 一氧化氮检测试剂盒(批号: 011020200920, 南京碧云天)。
50 kg蓬莪术药材粉碎后用95%乙醇回流提取3次, 每次3 h, 浓缩后将浸膏混悬于水中, 依次用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取。分别浓缩后得石油醚浸膏(1 kg)、乙酸乙酯浸膏(300 g) 和正丁醇浸膏(500 g)。正丁醇萃取物经大孔吸附树脂, 以乙醇-水系统(0%、20%、50%、70%、95%) 梯度洗脱, 浓缩得5个流分(A~E)。C流分经反相中压液相色谱, 以甲醇-水系统(30%~80%) 梯度洗脱得到17个流分(Fr.1~Fr.17)。Fr.3经凝胶柱色谱(CH2Cl2-MeOH = 1∶1) 洗脱得到7个流分(Fr.3-1~Fr.3-7), Fr.3-4组分经硅胶柱色谱(CH2Cl2-MeOH = 200∶1~0∶1) 梯度洗脱得到15个流分(Fr.3-4-1~Fr.3-4-15)。Fr.3-4-12经凝胶柱色谱(90% MeOH-H2O) 洗脱得到3个流分(Fr.3-4-12a~Fr.3-4-12c), 其中Fr.3-4-12b经反相半制备HPLC (1 mL·min-1, 37% MeOH-H2O) 得到化合物1 (2.0 mg, tR = 140 min)。Fr.3-4-13经反向中压液相色谱(20%~60% MeOH-H2O) 分离得到4个流分(Fr.3-4-13a~Fr.3-4-13d), 其中Fr.3-4-13b经制备TLC (CH2Cl2-MeOH = 6∶1) 分离后, 再经反相半制备HPLC (1 mL·min-1, 40% MeOH-H2O) 得到化合物3 (2.0 mg, tR = 140 min)。Fr.3-4-14依次经凝胶及硅胶柱色谱、制备TLC分离后, 再经反相半制备HPLC (1 mL·min-1, 45% MeOH-H2O) 纯化得化合物2 (3.0 mg, tR = 80 min)。
对从蓬莪术中分离得到糖苷化合物用蜗牛酶进行水解反应, 分别称取相应化合物和蜗牛酶, 质量比约为1∶6, 然后加入至提前洗净烘干且无有机试剂的试管中, 接着加入搅拌子和适量超纯水, 置于37 ℃的恒温磁力搅拌器中反应48 h后, 终止反应。进行TLC检识, 确认反应完全后, 用色谱级乙酸乙酯萃取3~5遍, 得到水部位(糖) 和乙酸乙酯部位(苷元), 分别浓缩得到相应反应产物。对于水部位的反应产物, 结合相应葡萄糖对照品进行薄层鉴别, 最终确定葡萄糖类型。而对于乙酸乙酯部位的反应产物则通过HPLC进行分离纯化, 最后通过1D NMR和2D NMR验证苷元的结构。
化合物1  白色无定形粉末。[α]$ {}_{\mathrm{D}}^{20} $ -19.6 (c 0.04, MeOH); UV (MeCN) λmax 295 nm; IR (ATR) νmax: 3 354, 2 924, 1 648, 1 514, 1 457, 1 376, 1 261, 1 159, 900, 789, 681 cm-1; (+)-HR-ESI-MS m/z 393.188 4 [M+Na]+ (计算值: 393.188 9), 分子式: C19H30O7; 1H NMR (CD3OD, 600 MHz) 和13C NMR (CD3OD, 150 MHz) 数据如表1所示, 化合物结构如图1所示。
化合物2  白色无定形粉末。(+)-HR-ESI-MS m/z 397.214 9 [M+Na]+, 提示其分子组成为C19H34O7 (计算值: 397.219 6)。1H NMR (600 MHz, acetone-d6) δH: 4.47 (1H, d, J = 7.7 Hz, H-1′), 4.05 (1H, m, H-3), 3.85 (1H, m, H-6′a), 3.74 (1H, m, H-9), 3.68 (1H, m, H-6′b), 3.41 (1H, m, H-3′), 3.36 (1H, m, H-4′), 3.32 (1H, m, H-5′), 3.16 (1H, m, H-2′), 2.32 (1H, m, H-4a), 2.20 (1H, m, H-7a), 1.99 (2H, m, H-4b, H-7b), 1.83 (1H, m, H-2a), 1.65 (3H, s, H3-13), 1.52 (1H, m, H-8a), 1.50 (1H, m, H-2b), 1.43 (1H, m, H-8b), 1.16 (3H, d, J = 6.2 Hz, H3-10), 1.07 (3H, s, H3-12), 1.05 (3H, s, H3-11); 13C NMR (150 MHz, acetone-d6) δC: 138.4 (C-6), 124.6 (C-5), 102.2 (C-1′), 78.2 (C-3′), 77.4 (C-5′), 75.1 (C-2′), 72.2 (C-3), 72.0 (C-4′), 68.2 (C-9), 63.2 (C-6′), 47.5 (C-2), 40.8 (C-8), 39.7 (C-4), 38.4 (C-1), 29.8 (C-12), 28.8 (C-11), 25.3 (C-7), 24.0 (C-10), 20.1 (C-13)。以上数据和文献[33]对照一致, 鉴定为(3R, 9S)-megastigman-5-en-3, 9-diol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside。
化合物3  白色无定形粉末。(+)-HR-ESI-MS m/z 395.204 9 [M+Na]+, 提示其分子组成为C19H32O7 (计算值: 395.204 6)。1H NMR (600 MHz, acetone-d6) δH: 5.70 (1H, s, H-4), 4.36 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz, H-1′), 4.11 (1H, m, H-6′a), 3.81 (1H, m, H-9), 3.64 (1H, m, H-6′b), 3.43 (1H, m, H-3′), 3.36 (1H, m, H-4′), 3.28 (1H, m, H-5′), 3.14 (1H, m, H-2′), 2.01 (3H, s, H3-13), 1.20 (3H, d, J = 6.3 Hz, H3-10), 1.07 (3H, s, H3-12), 0.99 (3H, s, H3-11); 13C NMR (150 MHz, acetone-d6) δC: 198.3 (C-3), 165.6 (C-5), 125.5 (C-4), 103.9 (C-1′), 78.2 (C-3′), 77.3 (C-5′), 76.7 (C-9), 75.2 (C-2′), 71.9 (C-4′), 63.2 (C-6′), 51.9 (C-6), 47.9 (C-2), 37.2 (C-8), 36.9 (C-1), 29.0 (C-11), 27.5 (C-12), 26.2 (C-7), 24.6 (C-13), 22.2 (C-10)。以上数据和文献[34]对照一致, 鉴定为blumenol C glucoside。
将分离纯化的化合物(纯度 > 99.0%) 溶于DMSO, 配成浓度为50 mmol·L-1的化合物母液备用。在恒温细胞培养箱(37 ℃, 5% CO2) 中, 用DMEM培养基(10% FBS、1%双抗) 分别培养A2780细胞和HeLa细胞。当细胞长至约80%~90%时, PBS清洗一、两次, 加入2 mL 0.25%胰酶消化, A2780和HeLa细胞分别消化2、4 min, 加入2 mL DMEM培养基(10% FBS) 终止消化, 吹打脱落后, 将所得细胞悬液置离心管中, 以800 r·min-1离心3 min。吸去上清液, 将部分细胞转移至含6~8 mL新培养基(10% FBS、1%双抗) 的培养皿中, 于培养箱继续培养。待细胞密度长至约80%~90%, 消化离心计数, A2780和HeLa细胞分别以每孔3 500个接种至96孔板, 每孔100 μL培养基(10% FBS、1%双抗)。置细胞培养箱中培养24 h, 实验分为空白对照组(1% FBS DMEM) 和给药组(含1% FBS与浓度分别为100、50、25、12.5、6.25、3.13 µg·mL-1待测药物的DMEM), 每组各浓度设6个复孔, 每孔100 μL, 给药后继续培养48 h。各孔分别避光加入20 μL浓度为5 mg·mL-1的MTT (现配现用), 继续培养4 h, 吸去上清液, 每孔加入细胞培养级DMSO 150 μL, 于酶标仪570 nm下测其吸光度(OD) 值。按下列公式计算药物的细胞抑制率: 细胞增殖抑制率% = [1 - (给药组平均OD值/空白对照组平均OD值)] × 100%。
将蓬莪术正丁醇部位分离纯化的化合物(纯度 > 99.0%) 溶于DMSO, 配成浓度为50 mmol·L-1的化合物母液备用。细胞复苏后, 于培养箱(37 ℃、5% CO2) 中, 以DMEM培养基(10% FBS、1%双抗) 培养RAW264.7巨噬细胞, 待细胞长至80%~90%时, 用2 mL PBS清洗, 加入2 mL 0.25%胰酶消化4 min后, 加入2 mL培养基(10% FBS、1%双抗) 终止消化, 轻轻吹打数次, 转移至15 mL离心管中, 以800 r·min-1离心3 min, 吸去上清液, 加入2 mL培养基混匀, 吸取1 mL至新加入6~8 mL的培养基(10% FBS、1%双抗) 中混匀, 转移至新的培养皿中培养。
取第5~8代且长至80%的目标细胞, 以每孔5×104个细胞均匀接种于96孔板, 各孔100 μL培养基(含10% FBS), 置培养箱中培养24 h。实验分为空白对照组(仅含1% FBS的培养基)、给药组(含药物浓度分别为3.13、6.25、12.5、25、50 μmol·L-1 ×待测化合物的1% FBS培养基), 各浓度3个复孔。给药后继续孵育48 h, 避光加入5 mg·mL-1现配的MTT每孔20 μL, 继续培养4 h后, 吸去上清液, 每孔分别加入150 μL细胞培养级DMSO, 于酶标仪570 nm下测其OD值, 计算细胞存活率。细胞存活率% = (给药组平均OD值/空白对照组平均OD值) × 100%。
取对数生长期且长至80%的RAW264.7细胞, 以每孔5×104个细胞和每孔100 μL DMEM (10% FBS) 接种至96孔板, 贴壁后, 试验随机分为空白对照组、LPS模型组(1 μg·mL-1) 和给药组。首先, 空白对照组及模型组均换成每孔100 μL无血清DMEM, 给药(含浓度分别为3.13、6.25、12.5、25、50 μmol·L-1药物的无血清DMEM), 每孔给药100 μL, 预处理24 h。用DMEM将LPS配成1 μg·mL-1的造模药溶液, 将空白对照组换成每孔100 μL无血清DMEM, 模型组、给药组分别每孔加入1 μg·mL-1的造模药溶液100 μL, 继续培养处理24 h。按NO试剂盒说明书进行操作, 先用标准品溶液制作标准曲线, 接着拿出试验后的96孔板, 每孔取出50 μL的细胞培养上清液于新的96孔板, 然后每孔分别先后加入50 μL的Griess Reagent Ⅰ和Griess Reagent Ⅱ, 摇匀后于酶标仪540 nm下测定其OD值, 记录结果。按标准曲线计算NO含量, 并计算NO释放抑制率。NO释放抑制率% = [(模型组NO平均含量- 给药组NO平均含量)/(模型组NO平均含量-空白对照组NO平均含量)] × 100%。
数据采用SPSS 19.0分析。细胞增殖抑制率、细胞存活率及NO浓度以平均值±标准差($ \stackrel{-}{x} $ ± s) 表示, 数据符合正态分布且方差齐组间数据数采用One-Way ANOVA检验, 不符合正态分布或方差不齐采用非参数检验。P < 0.05或P < 0.01表示差异有统计学意义。

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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0528
  • 接收时间:2025-05-09
  • 首发时间:2026-09-20
  • 出版时间:2025-10-12
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-09
  • 修回日期:2025-08-02
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    1成都中医药大学药学院, 西南特色中药资源国家重点实验室, 四川 成都 611137
    2成都中医药大学医学技术学院, 四川 成都 611137
    3成都中医药大学附属医院, 四川 成都 611137

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