Article(id=1308817769920036892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308817633789698171, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0480, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1745683200000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-27, revisedDate=1757520000000, revisedDateStr=2025-09-11, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789976073007, onlineDateStr=2026-09-21, pubDate=1770825600000, pubDateStr=2026-02-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789976073007, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789976073007, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789976073007, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1308817633789698171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2026', volume='61', issue='2', pageStart='321', pageEnd='676', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1770825600000', pubDateStr='2026-02-12', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789976040551, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789984264575, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1308852127921963901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308817633789698171, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1308852127921963902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308817633789698171, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=602, endPage=613, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1308817770121363485, articleId=1308817769920036892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Construction of curcumin-glycyrrhizic acid self-assembled nanomicelles and evaluation of their anti-ulcerative colitis effects, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Curcumin (CUR), an acidic polyphenolic natural compound extracted from plants of the Zingiberaceae family, exhibits remarkable pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. However, its strong hydrophobicity, poor membrane permeability, and low bioavailability severely limit its therapeutic application. In this study, glycyrrhizic acid (GA), a natural compound with surfactant properties, was employed as a carrier to construct curcumin-glycyrrhizic acid self-assembled micelles (CUR-GMS) in order to enhance the solubility and bioavailability of CUR and improve its therapeutic efficacy against ulcerative colitis (UC). Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed that GA and CUR spontaneously formed core-shell structured micelle via hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding, providing theoretical evidence for the feasibility of self-assembly. CUR-GMS were prepared via the thin-film dispersion method and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The micelles exhibited a spherical morphology with a particle size of 46.33 ± 0.63 nm, a zeta potential of 59.76 ± 2.54 mV, an encapsulation efficiency of (98.82 ± 0.41)%, and a drug-loading capacity of (28.24 ± 0.11)%. CUR and GA were present in an amorphous state within the micelles. Compared with the raw drug, CUR solubility was markedly improved; the cumulative in vitro release within 48 h was increased by 2.33 to 3.98-fold, and oral bioavailability was enhanced by 6.36-fold. In vivo pharmacodynamic studies demonstrated that CUR-GMS significantly alleviated symptoms of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC in mice, with the underlying mechanism potentially related to the regulation of macrophage polarization. In conclusion, CUR-GMS constructed with GA significantly improved the oral bioavailability of CUR and enhanced its therapeutic efficacy against UC. All animal experiments were approved by the Ethics Committee of the Animal Experimentation Science and Technology Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine (No: JZLLSC20230350).

, authors=Ming CHEN1, Yong-feng LU1, Run-ze YANG1, Wen-chen WANG1, Shuang-jie WU1, Xin-li WANG2, Xin-li LIANG1, 3, *, authorsList=Ming CHEN, Yong-feng LU, Run-ze YANG, Wen-chen WANG, Shuang-jie WU, Xin-li WANG, Xin-li LIANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xin-li LIANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2026 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1308817773736853546, articleId=1308817769920036892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=姜黄素-甘草酸自组装纳米胶束的构建及抗溃疡性结肠炎作用研究, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

姜黄素(curcumin, CUR) 是从姜科植物提取的酸性多酚类天然活性物质, 具有显著的抗炎、抗氧化等药理活性, 然而其疏水性强、膜透性差、生物利用度低等问题极大限制了其应用。本研究以具有表面活性剂功能的甘草酸(glycyrrhizic acid, GA) 为天然载体, 构建姜黄素-甘草酸自组装胶束(curcumin-glycyrrhizic acid self-assembled micelles, CUR-GMS), 提升CUR溶解度及生物利用度, 增强其对溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis, UC) 的治疗效果。分子动力学模拟证实, GA与CUR通过疏水相互作用及氢键自发形成核-壳结构胶束, 从理论上验证了其自组装可行性。采用薄膜分散法制备CUR-GMS, 经透射电子显微镜(transmission electron microscope, TEM)、X射线衍射(X-ray diffraction, XRD) 及差示扫描量热分析(differential scanning calorimetry, DSC) 表征显示, 胶束呈粒径为46.33 ± 0.63 nm的球形, zeta电位为59.76 ± 2.54 mV, 包封率与载药量分别达(98.82 ± 0.41)%和(28.24 ± 0.11)%。胶束中CUR与GA呈无定形状态; 与原料药相比, CUR溶解度显著提高, 体外48 h累积释放度提高2.33~3.98倍; 生物利用度提高6.36倍。体内药效结果显示, CUR-GMS可显著缓解硫酸葡聚糖钠盐(dextran sulfate sodium salt, DSS) 诱导的小鼠UC症状, 其机制可能与调控巨噬细胞极化相关。综上, 基于甘草酸构建的CUR-GMS显著提升CUR口服生物利用度, 增强抗UC治疗作用。动物实验经江西中医药大学动物实验科技中心伦理委员会批准(批准号: JZLLSC20230350)。

, authors=陈鸣1, 鲁永锋1, 杨润泽1, 王文琛1, 吴双洁1, 汪新娌2, 梁新丽1, 3, *, authorsList=陈鸣, 鲁永锋, 杨润泽, 王文琛, 吴双洁, 汪新娌, 梁新丽, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=梁新丽, authorNote=

作者贡献:

陈鸣负责实验实施、文章构思、撰写论文; 鲁永锋负责提出思路、文章构思、实验实施、内容撰写; 杨润泽负责数据收集与处理; 王文琛和吴双洁负责实验操作、数据分析; 汪新娌验证、撰写审阅; 梁新丽提出研究思路和框架, 指导实验设计, 审校与提供资金支持。

, correspAuthorsNote=
梁新丽, Tel: 13407913641, E-mail:
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A: Particle size distribution of CUR-GMS; B: Zeta potential of CUR-GMS; C: The critical micelle concentration of GA; D: Tyndall effect of CUR-GMS dispersion; E: Transmission electron microscope (TEM) of CUR-GMS; F: TEM of blank GA micelles; G: FT-IR spectra; H: UV-Vis absorption spectra; I: Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermograms; J: X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns; K: Particle size variation of CUR-GMS; L: PDI variation of CUR-GMS; M: Zeta potential variation of CUR-GMS; N: Encapsulation efficiency (EE) variation of CUR-GMS. n = 3, $ \overline{x} $ ± s, figureFileSmall=VOLewqN/PhfOfoA3O+tf7g==, figureFileBig=N3t7p9mnfyNzdz2cA6JTIg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308817780737146980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308817769920036892, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=auGTmgCcqsxl6EtS4Ht5Zg==, figureFileBig=EmFkbzgCQ1PCuQxmQTPBKg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308817780812644453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308817769920036892, language=CN, label=Fig.2, caption=Molecular dynamics simulation. A: Dynamic simulation of spontaneous formation of CUR-GMS by GA and CUR (red: CUR; green: Glycyrrhetinic acid); B: Solvent accessible surface area (SASA) over time; C: Radius of gyration (Rg) over time; D: Root mean square deviation (RMSD) over time; E: Number of hydrogen bonds between systems over time, figureFileSmall=auGTmgCcqsxl6EtS4Ht5Zg==, figureFileBig=EmFkbzgCQ1PCuQxmQTPBKg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308817780896530534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308817769920036892, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=RtXVM8AGMUzZ3TUwXTe9TA==, figureFileBig=h4nh8KIZ40tpB4nmXGoZNA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308817780946862183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308817769920036892, language=CN, label=Fig.3, caption=In vitro release and in vivo pharmacokinetics studies. A: Cumulative in vitro drug release of CUR-GMS at constant pH. n = 6, $ \overline{x} $ ± s; B: Cumulative in vitro drug release of CUR-GMS at dynamic pH. n = 3, $ \overline{x} $ ± s; C: CUR blood concentration-time profile after oral administration. n = 6, $ \overline{x} $ ± s. PMIX: Physical mixture of CUR and GA, figureFileSmall=RtXVM8AGMUzZ3TUwXTe9TA==, figureFileBig=h4nh8KIZ40tpB4nmXGoZNA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308817781001388136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308817769920036892, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=ZjIcp0Mx+chkbs9kZ1Gqfg==, figureFileBig=efJqsQyV9vsGP5IHazMZaA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308817781064302697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308817769920036892, language=CN, label=Fig.4, caption=Cell uptake and transport. A: Relationship between cell viability and dose administered. n = 6, $ \overline{x} $ ± s; B: Uptake of CUR (ng·mg-1) by Caco-2 cells; C: Changes in Papp (*10-5 cm·s-1) in the Caco-2 transit model in different groups of CUR. n = 3, $ \overline{x} $ ± s. **P < 0.01, figureFileSmall=ZjIcp0Mx+chkbs9kZ1Gqfg==, figureFileBig=efJqsQyV9vsGP5IHazMZaA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308817781152383082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308817769920036892, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=zbhfpYzUEnd2kFMj6mjSVQ==, figureFileBig=fdemNUDgH2aCpBoaTDOPDw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308817781223686251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308817769920036892, language=CN, label=Fig.5, caption=CUR-GMS ameliorated the manifestations of DSS-induced colitis. A: Changes in body weight; B: Changes in disease activity index (DAI) scores; C: Pictures of dissected colon of mice; D: Mouse colon length; E: Spleen score; F: Effect of CUR-GMS on histopathology in mouse colon H&E sections (200×), G-K: Effect of CUR-GMS on the expression levels of inflammatory factors in the colon of mice with ulcerative colitis. a: Blank control group; b: Model group; c: PMIX group; d: CUR-GMS group; e: Mesalazin (MES) group. n = 6, $ \overline{x} $ ± s. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ns: No significant difference, figureFileSmall=zbhfpYzUEnd2kFMj6mjSVQ==, figureFileBig=fdemNUDgH2aCpBoaTDOPDw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308817781290795116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308817769920036892, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=3XXfXWmEJ6R2/WqdElMp5A==, figureFileBig=OxaaNMyGGhzxj9J5tlo/lg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308817781345321069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308817769920036892, language=CN, label=Fig.6, caption=Effect of CUR-GMS on expression of M1/M2 macrophage marker molecules in colonic tissue. A-C: Immunohistochemical techniques to examine the effect of CUR-GMS on the expression of CD86, a marker molecule for M1-type macrophages, and CD206, a marker molecule for M2-type macrophages, in the colon, Scale bar = 50 μm; D: FACS analysis of M1-type and M2-type macrophages in colon tissue; E: Effect of CUR-GMS on the expression of iNOS, TNF-α, a marker molecule for M1-type macrophages, and Arg-1, a marker molecule for M2-type macrophages, in the colon, Scale bar = 100 μm; F-J: Effect of CUR-GMS on CD86, CD206, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 mRNA expression in mouse colon tissue. n = 6, $ \overline{x} $ ± s. **P < 0.01, figureFileSmall=3XXfXWmEJ6R2/WqdElMp5A==, figureFileBig=OxaaNMyGGhzxj9J5tlo/lg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308817781404041326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308817769920036892, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Drug nameWaterCURGA
Concentration/g·mL-11.000 00.005 00.012 5
Molecular weight/g·mol-118368.39822.93
Box size/nm101010
Number of molecules to be added34 555.613.515.1
), ArticleFig(id=1308817781466955887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308817769920036892, language=CN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Simulation parameters and simulation box sizes for the self-aggregating micelle system. CUR: Curcumin; GA: Glycyrrhizic acid

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Drug nameWaterCURGA
Concentration/g·mL-11.000 00.005 00.012 5
Molecular weight/g·mol-118368.39822.93
Box size/nm101010
Number of molecules to be added34 555.613.515.1
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ScoreWeight loss/%Fecal consistencyFecal occult blood
0No changeNormalNone
11-5IntermediateIntermediate
26-10LooseHaemoccult
311-15IntermediateIntermediate
4> 15DiarrheaGross bleeding
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Evaluation criteria of disease activity index (DAI)

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ScoreWeight loss/%Fecal consistencyFecal occult blood
0No changeNormalNone
11-5IntermediateIntermediate
26-10LooseHaemoccult
311-15IntermediateIntermediate
4> 15DiarrheaGross bleeding
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GenePrimer (5′-3′)Amplicon/bp
GAPDHForward: CCTCGTCCCGTAGACAAAATG133
Reverse: TGAGGTCAATGAAGGGGTCGT133
IL-1βForward: GCTTCAGGCAGGCAGTATCA185
Reverse: AATGGGAACGTCACACACCA185
CD206Forward: TTGGACGGATAGATGGAGGGT228
Reverse: CCATAGAAAGGAATCCACGCA228
), ArticleFig(id=1308817781768945779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308817769920036892, language=CN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Primer sequences. GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GenePrimer (5′-3′)Amplicon/bp
GAPDHForward: CCTCGTCCCGTAGACAAAATG133
Reverse: TGAGGTCAATGAAGGGGTCGT133
IL-1βForward: GCTTCAGGCAGGCAGTATCA185
Reverse: AATGGGAACGTCACACACCA185
CD206Forward: TTGGACGGATAGATGGAGGGT228
Reverse: CCATAGAAAGGAATCCACGCA228
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姜黄素-甘草酸自组装纳米胶束的构建及抗溃疡性结肠炎作用研究
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陈鸣 1 , 鲁永锋 1 , 杨润泽 1 , 王文琛 1 , 吴双洁 1 , 汪新娌 2 , 梁新丽 1, 3, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2026,61(2): 602-613
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药学学报 |研究论文 2026 , 61 (2) : 602 -613
姜黄素-甘草酸自组装纳米胶束的构建及抗溃疡性结肠炎作用研究
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陈鸣1, 鲁永锋1, 杨润泽1, 王文琛1, 吴双洁1, 汪新娌2, 梁新丽1, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1江西中医药大学现代中药制剂教育部重点实验室, 江西 南昌 330004
  • 2江西医疗器械检测中心, 江西 南昌 330029
  • 3经典名方现代中药创制全国重点实验室, 江西 南昌 330004
通讯作者:
梁新丽, Tel: 13407913641, E-mail:
作者简介:

作者贡献:

陈鸣负责实验实施、文章构思、撰写论文; 鲁永锋负责提出思路、文章构思、实验实施、内容撰写; 杨润泽负责数据收集与处理; 王文琛和吴双洁负责实验操作、数据分析; 汪新娌验证、撰写审阅; 梁新丽提出研究思路和框架, 指导实验设计, 审校与提供资金支持。

Construction of curcumin-glycyrrhizic acid self-assembled nanomicelles and evaluation of their anti-ulcerative colitis effects
Ming CHEN1, Yong-feng LU1, Run-ze YANG1, Wen-chen WANG1, Shuang-jie WU1, Xin-li WANG2, Xin-li LIANG1, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
  • 2Jiangxi Medical Device Testing Center, Nanchang 330029, China
  • 3National Key Laboratory for the Modernization of Classical and Famous Prescriptions of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
出版时间: 2026-02-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0480
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姜黄素(curcumin, CUR) 是从姜科植物提取的酸性多酚类天然活性物质, 具有显著的抗炎、抗氧化等药理活性, 然而其疏水性强、膜透性差、生物利用度低等问题极大限制了其应用。本研究以具有表面活性剂功能的甘草酸(glycyrrhizic acid, GA) 为天然载体, 构建姜黄素-甘草酸自组装胶束(curcumin-glycyrrhizic acid self-assembled micelles, CUR-GMS), 提升CUR溶解度及生物利用度, 增强其对溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis, UC) 的治疗效果。分子动力学模拟证实, GA与CUR通过疏水相互作用及氢键自发形成核-壳结构胶束, 从理论上验证了其自组装可行性。采用薄膜分散法制备CUR-GMS, 经透射电子显微镜(transmission electron microscope, TEM)、X射线衍射(X-ray diffraction, XRD) 及差示扫描量热分析(differential scanning calorimetry, DSC) 表征显示, 胶束呈粒径为46.33 ± 0.63 nm的球形, zeta电位为59.76 ± 2.54 mV, 包封率与载药量分别达(98.82 ± 0.41)%和(28.24 ± 0.11)%。胶束中CUR与GA呈无定形状态; 与原料药相比, CUR溶解度显著提高, 体外48 h累积释放度提高2.33~3.98倍; 生物利用度提高6.36倍。体内药效结果显示, CUR-GMS可显著缓解硫酸葡聚糖钠盐(dextran sulfate sodium salt, DSS) 诱导的小鼠UC症状, 其机制可能与调控巨噬细胞极化相关。综上, 基于甘草酸构建的CUR-GMS显著提升CUR口服生物利用度, 增强抗UC治疗作用。动物实验经江西中医药大学动物实验科技中心伦理委员会批准(批准号: JZLLSC20230350)。

姜黄素  /  甘草酸  /  自组装  /  纳米胶束  /  溃疡性结肠炎

Curcumin (CUR), an acidic polyphenolic natural compound extracted from plants of the Zingiberaceae family, exhibits remarkable pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. However, its strong hydrophobicity, poor membrane permeability, and low bioavailability severely limit its therapeutic application. In this study, glycyrrhizic acid (GA), a natural compound with surfactant properties, was employed as a carrier to construct curcumin-glycyrrhizic acid self-assembled micelles (CUR-GMS) in order to enhance the solubility and bioavailability of CUR and improve its therapeutic efficacy against ulcerative colitis (UC). Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed that GA and CUR spontaneously formed core-shell structured micelle via hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding, providing theoretical evidence for the feasibility of self-assembly. CUR-GMS were prepared via the thin-film dispersion method and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The micelles exhibited a spherical morphology with a particle size of 46.33 ± 0.63 nm, a zeta potential of 59.76 ± 2.54 mV, an encapsulation efficiency of (98.82 ± 0.41)%, and a drug-loading capacity of (28.24 ± 0.11)%. CUR and GA were present in an amorphous state within the micelles. Compared with the raw drug, CUR solubility was markedly improved; the cumulative in vitro release within 48 h was increased by 2.33 to 3.98-fold, and oral bioavailability was enhanced by 6.36-fold. In vivo pharmacodynamic studies demonstrated that CUR-GMS significantly alleviated symptoms of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC in mice, with the underlying mechanism potentially related to the regulation of macrophage polarization. In conclusion, CUR-GMS constructed with GA significantly improved the oral bioavailability of CUR and enhanced its therapeutic efficacy against UC. All animal experiments were approved by the Ethics Committee of the Animal Experimentation Science and Technology Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine (No: JZLLSC20230350).

curcumin  /  glycyrrhizic acid  /  self-assembly  /  nanomicelles  /  ulcerative colitis
陈鸣, 鲁永锋, 杨润泽, 王文琛, 吴双洁, 汪新娌, 梁新丽. 姜黄素-甘草酸自组装纳米胶束的构建及抗溃疡性结肠炎作用研究. 药学学报, 2026 , 61 (2) : 602 -613 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0480
Ming CHEN, Yong-feng LU, Run-ze YANG, Wen-chen WANG, Shuang-jie WU, Xin-li WANG, Xin-li LIANG. Construction of curcumin-glycyrrhizic acid self-assembled nanomicelles and evaluation of their anti-ulcerative colitis effects[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2026 , 61 (2) : 602 -613 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0480
植物多酚因其独特的生物活性和营养价值受到科学界广泛关注, 其广泛存在于水果、蔬菜、茶叶、红酒及中草药中[1, 2], 具有抗炎、抗氧化、抗衰老及心血管保护等多种药理作用[3, 4]。姜黄素(curcumin, CUR) 作为典型的多酚类成分, 主要来源于温郁金、姜黄等姜科植物中, 因其优异的着色性能和独特风味被广泛应用于食品工业[5, 6]。多项研究证明CUR抗炎[7]、抗氧化[8]、抗肿瘤[9]、抗菌[10]和抗衰老[11]生物活性显著。但其疏水性强、膜渗透性差及体内代谢迅速等生物药剂学特性极大地限制了CUR的临床使用[12-14]。近年来, 随着药物递送技术和药物递送策略的发展, 改善CUR生物药剂学特性的研究成为热点。
溶解度是药物口服递送的基础, 也是药物透过细胞膜和在体内转运的必要条件[15], 纳米递药系统为改善难溶性药物生物利用度的重要手段。胶束是表面活性剂在临界胶束浓度(critical micelle concentration, CMC) 下自组装形成的纳米载体。疏水性药物通过分子间作用力(氢键、范德华力、疏水作用力等) 自发嵌入聚集体疏水内核, 从而增加其溶解性能[16]。胶束具有制备简单、载药量高、膜透性好等优势, 且胶束粒径介于10~100 nm之间, 可避免被肝脾网状内皮系统吞噬[17]。胶束载体可分为低分子表面活性剂(如硫酸酯盐[18]、甾醇[19]、皂苷[20]) 和两亲性聚合物(如泊洛沙姆[21]、Tween[22]、普朗尼克[23])。高分子聚合物胶束稳定性好, 但载药量低、难降解且合成较为复杂。而天然糖苷类成分因其两亲性结构(亲脂性苷元+亲水糖基)[24]兼具良好生物相容性和生物活性(如抗炎、免疫调节等)[25-29], 是理想的载体材料。甘草酸(glycyrrhizic acid, GA) 是中药甘草的主要有效成分, 具葡萄糖醛酸残基构成的亲水糖基和GA残基构成的疏水烷基的两亲性结构, 可自发形成胶束(CMC > 10-3 mol·L-1)[30, 31]。这一特性赋予GA成为一种理想的药物载体, 能有效提升难溶性药物的溶解度和生物利用度[32]。
炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel diseases, IBD) 是一种非特异性的慢性肠道炎性疾病, 其中溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis, UC) 是IBD的主要亚型, 其发病机制复杂[33, 34]。研究发现, NF-κB信号通路对UC发生发展具有重的要影响, NF-κB激活介导TNF-α、IL-6及IL-1β等炎症因子水平上调, 形成炎症级联反应[35]。目前临床常用药物有氨基水杨酸类(如柳氮黄吡啶)、糖皮质激素类(如强的松)、抗生素类(如环丙沙星)、免疫抑制剂(如甲氨蝶呤) 和抗生物制剂等[36, 37], 但临床药物对UC治疗效果并不理想, 且存在许多严重不良反应[38]。多项动物实验表明, CUR在UC治疗中展现出显著潜力[39, 40], 且每日服用12 g, 连续3个月未见明显不良反应。
综上, 本文提出基于“药辅合一”理念, 突破传统合成高分子载体局限, 采用天然糖苷类材料实现“绿色递送”, 通过“自组装胶束”技术路径优化CUR生物药剂学特性, 为UC治疗提供兼具安全性与有效性的新型策略, 同时为多酚类天然药物的递送系统开发提供普适性参考。
试药  姜黄素(HXJHS20200710, 98%, 西安昊轩生物科技有限公司); 姜黄素对照品(AF9102903, ≥ 98%, 成都埃法生物科技有限公司); 甘草酸(A12HS191107, 95%, 上海源叶生物科技有限公司); RIPA组织/细胞裂解液、苏木素、伊红(20210622、H8070、G1100, 北京索莱宝科技有限公司); IL-4、IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10 ELISA检测试剂盒(RRDC2307016、RRDC2308003、RRDC2311008、RRDC2311002、RRDC2309001, 武汉赛维尔生物科技有限公司); 定量PCR试剂盒(MagicSYBR Mixture, 康为世纪生物科技股份有限公司); 葡聚糖硫酸钠(YC0535, MW: 36 000~50 000, MP生物医疗公司); 美沙拉嗪肠溶片(210706, 葵花药业制药有限公司)。
仪器  Malvern纳米粒度仪(Nano-S型, 英国Malvern公司); 高效液相色谱仪(Agilent1260, 美国安捷伦科技有限公司); 透射电镜(jem2100型, 日本电子株式会社); 冷冻干燥机(LGJ-30FD型, 松源冻干公司); 傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(Spectrum Two型)、差示扫描量热分析仪(Diamond DSC8000型) 购自美国PerkinElmer公司; 热重/差热综合热分析仪(Exstar6000 TG/DTA6300型, 日本精工电子有限公司); X-射线单晶衍射仪(XtalAB型, 美国-Rigaku公司); 高效液相-三重四极杆质谱联用仪(QTRAP4500型, 美国ABSCIEX公司); 紫外分光光度计(Uv-2550型, 日本岛津公司); 多功能酶标仪(Spark 10M型, 瑞士Tecan公司)。
实验动物  健康Balb/c小鼠(雄性, 4~6周龄, 体重18~22 g), 购自湖南斯莱克景达实验动物有限公司, 许可证号SCXK (湘) 2019-0004。本实验经江西中医药大学动物实验科技中心伦理委员会批准(批准号: JZLLSC20230350)。
姜黄素-甘草酸自组装胶束的制备  根据前期优化的工艺和处方, 利用薄膜分散法, CUR与GA质量比为1∶2.5, 称取相应物质置于圆底烧瓶, 加适量甲醇超声溶解, 50 ℃水浴减压旋蒸除去甲醇, 形成一层均匀半透明的橘红色薄膜。加入一定温度、一定体积蒸馏水进行水化, 20 ℃超声10 min, 18 ℃、12 000 r·min-1离心10 min, 上清液0.22 µm微孔滤膜过滤, 即得GA负载CUR胶束(CUR-GMS)。
取胶束0.2 mL至1 mL量瓶中, 用甲醇稀释至刻度, HPLC检测CUR含量, 根据公式(1) 计算载药量(loading efficiency, LE); 另取1 mL胶束于1.5 mL超滤离心管中(截留分子质量为10 kDa), 于20 ℃、12 000 r·min-1离心20 min, 取超滤液0.1 mL加甲醇定容至1 mL, 0.22 μm滤膜过滤, HPLC检测, 根据公式(2) 计算包封率(encapsulation efficiency, EE)[41]。
$ \operatorname{LE}(\%)=W_1 / W_2 \times 100 \% $
$ \operatorname{EE}(\%)=\left(W_1-W_3\right) / W_4 \times 100 \% $
其中, W1为上清液中CUR含量, W2为CUR与GA总质量, W3为超滤液中CUR含量, W4为CUR总质量。
临界胶束浓度的测定  利用芘荧光探针法测定GA的临界胶束浓度, 分别将0.1 mL的6.0×10-6 mol·L-1芘的丙酮溶液加入到一系列10 mL的量瓶中, 避光放置24 h使丙酮挥发完全。向量瓶中依次加入不同浓度GA溶液, 室温静置过夜[42]。荧光分光光度计测定芘溶液在激发波长335 nm、发射波长373和384 nm的荧光强度, 以I373/I384为纵坐标, GA浓度对数(logC) 为横坐标作图, 曲线切线的交点即为GA的临界胶束浓度[43]。
CUR-GMS的表征
粒径分布、zeta电位和微观形态观察  取胶束溶液加入水适当倍数稀释, 取稀释液1 mL, Malvem纳米粒度仪测定粒径、多分散系数(polydispersity index, PDI) 及zeta电位。将待测样品稀释至适当浓度, 滴在喷碳铜网上, 1%磷钨酸负染, 电镜下观察其形貌。
红外特征光谱分析  对CUR-GMS胶束进行冻干处理, 分别取CUR-GMS冻干粉末、CUR原料药(CUR-API)、GA原料药(GA-API)、CUR与GA物理混合物(physical mixture, PMIX) 各4 mg, 与400 mg溴化钾置于研钵中, 充分研磨、混均, 压片后进行FTIR扫描。
紫外吸收光谱分析  当两种化合物相互作用形成复合物后, 其方向结构发生变化, 可能导致紫外吸收特征峰的变化。取CUR-GMS适量, 加水稀释, CUR-API、GA-API及PMIX均用甲醇溶解, 同一浓度下, 进行紫外全光谱扫描。
差式热扫描分析  分别取CUR-GMS冻干粉、CUR-API、GA-API、PMIX适量置于铝制样品盘中压制, 氮气为保护气, 扫描范围25~350 ℃, 加热速率10 ℃·min-1, 差示扫描量热分析仪检测。
X-射线粉末衍射分析  分别取GA-API、CUR-API、PMIX及胶束冻干粉适量, 置于样品槽内, 玻璃片压制平整, 刮去凹槽外多余样品后置于X射线粉末衍射仪下扫描, 分析样品中晶型变化。
胶束稳定性考察  分别测定CUR-GMS在4 ℃条件下放置20天内的粒径、PDI、zeta电位及EE, 评估胶束的稳定性。
分子动力学模拟  采用Martini粗粒化力场构建GA和CUR的分子模型, 通过Gromacs 5.1.2软件进行粗粒化分子动力学(CGMD) 模拟研究。首先预测了质量比为1∶2.5 (CUR∶GA) 时可能形成的CUR-GMS复合聚集体的自组装行为。模拟过程包括: ①水合模型能量最小化; ②在298 K和1 atm条件下进行200 ns的NPT系综模拟(时间步长25 fs); ③每20 ns采集一次系统参数(具体模拟参数见表1)。为深入分析CUR-GMS体系的稳定性及分子间相互作用机制, 重点考察了以下动态参数随时间的变化规律: 溶剂可及表面积(solvent accessible surface area, SASA)、回转半径(radius of gyration, Rg)、均方根偏差(root mean square deviation, RMSD) 及氢键形成情况。
体外释放特性  分别取1 mL样品置于透析袋(8 000 Da) 中, 以100 mL不同pH的PBS缓冲溶液(0.5% Tween 80) 为释放介质, 于37 ℃、100 r·min-1条件下[44], 不同时间点取样1 mL, 同时补充等量等温的空白介质。取0.5 mL待测样品, 加入0.5 mL甲醇, 涡旋, 取混合液200 μL, 加入10 μL替硝唑内标和790 μL质谱甲醇, 涡旋混匀。4 ℃下12 000 r·min-1离心10 min, LC-MS/MS法测定上清液中CUR含量, 计算累积药物释放百分比。
药代动力学研究  雄性SD大鼠18只, 体重180 ± 20 g, 随机分为3组, 每组6只。适应性饲养1周。实验前一天, 大鼠禁食不禁水12 h, 分别灌胃给予CUR、PMIX (0.5% CMC-Na混悬液) 及CUR-GMS溶液。灌胃剂量折合CUR 100 mg·kg-1; 给药后不同时间点, 眼眶静脉取血约0.5 mL, 置肝素化EP管中, 4 ℃、4 000 r·min-1离心10 min, 取血浆, -20 ℃保存。精密吸取血浆80 μL, 置于1.5 mL离心管中, 分别加入替硝唑内标溶液(80 ng·mL-1) 10 μL, 甲醇560 μL, 涡旋2 min, 4 ℃、12 000 r·min-1离心10 min, 取上清200 μL, LC-MS/MS测定, 用DAS 2.0药动学软件处理, 并进行统计学分析。
细胞摄取与转运  取对数生长期的Caco-2细胞, 每毫升5.0×104个细胞接种于96孔板中, 培养箱中培养24 h后加入不同浓度的PMIX或CUR-GMS, 继续培养24 h, 弃去培养基, 每孔加入100 μL 0.5% MTT溶液, 孵育4 h, 弃去MTT溶液, 每孔加入DMSO 150 μL, 酶标仪检测490 nm处吸光度值, 根据公式(3) 计算细胞活力。
$ \begin{array}{l}\text { 细胞存活率 }(\%)=\left(\mathrm{OD}_{\text {实验组 }}-\mathrm{OD}_{\text {调零组 }}\right) /\\\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\left(\mathrm{OD}_{\text {对照组 }}-\mathrm{OD}_{\text {调零组 }}\right) \times 100 \%\end{array} $
其中, OD实验组、OD对照组、OD调零组分别为给药组、空白溶液对照组与未接种细胞对照组的吸光度值。
细胞摄取  取对数生长期Caco-2细胞, 胰酶消化后制备单细胞悬液, 每孔4.0×105个细胞接种于6孔板中。48 h后给药, 继续孵育2 h。每孔用PBS液清洗3次, 加入RIPA细胞裂解液裂解, 收集细胞裂解液100 μL, 样品处理(同药物释放) 后, 采用LC-MS/MS测定。
Caco-2细胞单层转运  取对数生长期的Caco-2细胞, 每毫升1×106个细胞的密度接种于Trans-well小室的顶侧(apical side, AP), 基底侧(basolateral side, BL) 加入1.5 mL培养液, 培养17~19天, TEER > 300 Ω·cm2时, Caco-2细胞模型即可用于转运实验[45]。弃培养基, AP侧加入0.5 mL相应药物, BL侧加入1.5 mL空白接受液, 于120 min从BL侧准确吸取接受液100 µL。样品处理后LC-MS/MS测定, 根据公式(4) 计算CUR的转运量及表观渗透系数(Papp)。
$ P_{\mathrm{app}}=\frac{d Q / d t}{A C_0} $
其中, dQ/dt (μg·s-1) 是累计转运量与时间线性回归函数的斜率, A为转运小室的表面积(1.12 cm2), C0为给药室的初始浓度。
抗溃疡性结肠炎研究  6周龄SPF级雄性BALB/c小鼠60只, 随机分为5组, 即空白对照组、模型组、阳性药对照组(美沙拉嗪, MES, 300 mg·kg-1)、CUR-GMS组(CUR 100 mg·kg-1、GA 250 mg·kg-1)、PMIX组(CUR 100 mg·kg-1、GA 250 mg·kg-1)。除空白组外, 其余各组小鼠自由饮用2.5% DSS诱导UC模型, 自造模开始, 各给药组给予药物并按每日体重进行灌胃给药。每日记录体重变化、观察小鼠二便、活动状态等。通过动物体质量变化、小鼠肛门处稀便和血便的状态根据公式(5) 计算疾病活动指数(disease activity index, DAI) 评分(表2[46])。
$\mathrm{DAI}=(\text { 体重下降分 }+ \text { 粪便稠度分 }+ \text { 大便出血分 }) / 3\\\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;(0 \leqslant \mathrm{DAI} \leqslant 4)$
CUR-GMS抗溃疡性结肠炎活性评价  采用DAI评分评估各组小鼠的体重减轻、腹泻、便血等症状。末次给药后2 h, 各组小鼠麻醉后, 打开腹腔分离并剖取结肠, 测量结肠长度, 同时, 取小鼠脾脏称重, 根据公式(6) 计算脾脏指数。
$\text { 脾脏指数 }\left(\mathrm{g} \cdot \mathrm{~kg}^{-1}\right)=\text { 小鼠脾脏质量/}\\\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\text { 小鼠体重/1 } 000$
H&E染色  取小鼠结肠组织, 用10%福尔马林固定, 常规石蜡包埋切片。切片处理后, H&E染色, 于光镜下观察结肠组织病理学变化。
炎症因子水平检测  取小鼠结肠组织, 精密称量, 按重量(mg) 体积(μL) 比1∶9加入生理盐水, 冰水浴下制备组织匀浆, 取组织匀浆液于4 ℃、3 000 r·min-1条件下离心10 min, 取上清液按照ELISA试剂盒进行检测。
免疫组化  将肠组织切片脱蜡水化, 切片放入抗原修复液中加热, 10%血清封闭30 min, 加入CD86、CD206抗体后4 ℃孵育过夜30 min, 加入二抗室温避光孵育30 min、DAB染色、苏木素复染细胞核, 采用树胶封片, 光学显微镜采集图片, Image J 1.51软件量化分析。
流式细胞检测  取新鲜小鼠结肠组织, 剪碎, 制备结肠单细胞悬液, 按质量体积比1∶1加入分离液, 提取得到结肠淋巴细胞, 取淋巴细胞, PBS清洗两次, 离心去上清, PBS (含1% FBS) 重悬细胞, 分别加入CD86或CD206抗体, 4 ℃避光孵育30 min, 流式细胞仪检测。
免疫荧光  结肠组织切片脱石蜡后水化, 切片封闭30 min后, 分别用Arg-1或TNF-α和INOS抗体4 ℃孵育过夜, PBS洗涤, 用CY3标记山羊抗兔IgG二抗室温孵育1 h; 4′, 6-二氨基-2-苯基吲哚二盐酸(4′, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, DAPI) 染色复染细胞核, 荧光显微镜观察并采集图像分析。
RT-qPCR分析  取小鼠结肠组织匀浆液, 提取RNA, 以甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶(glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, GAPDH) 为内参, 根据表3中引物序列在荧光定量PCR仪上完成扩增。
统计学方法  使用GraphPad Prism 8.0软件进行数据分析, 采用单因素方差分析(ANOVA), 以确定组间差异显著性, P < 0.05认为差异具有统计学意义。
所制备的CUR-GMS粒径(图1A)、zeta电位(图1B)、包封率及载药量分别为46.33 ± 0.63 nm、-59.76 ± 2.54 mV、(98.82 ± 0.41)%及(28.24 ± 0.11)%, GA临界胶束浓度约为0.231 g·L-1 (图1C), 胶束溶液表现出丁达尔现象(图1D)。
电镜结果显示CUR-GMS呈圆球状(图1E、F)。FTIR谱图(图1G) 分析显示, GA-API在3 376 cm-1 (O-H伸缩振动) 和2 876 cm-1 (C-H不对称伸缩振动) 处出现特征峰, 1 712 cm-1和1 655 cm-1处的吸收峰分别对应羧酸C=O的不对称和对称伸缩振动; CUR-API的特征峰位于3 506 cm-1 (O-H)、1 627 cm-1 (C=O) 和1 508 cm-1 (苯环骨架振动)。值得注意的是, CUR-GMS中GA的O-H峰红移至3 228 cm-1, C=O峰位移至1 630 cm-1和1 588 cm-1, 且CUR在3 506 cm-1和1 630 cm-1处的特征峰消失, 这些位移现象表明CUR与GA之间可能通过氢键相互作用形成了新的复合物结构。
紫外光谱分析(图1H) 表明, CUR-API和PMIX在427 nm均呈现CUR分子结构中长链共轭体系所产生的K带吸收峰; 而CUR-GMS的吸收强度有一定降低, 且CUR的特征吸收出现蓝移(407 nm处), 这可能是由于GA与CUR的相互作用减少了CUR的部分共轭结构暴露减少, 导致吸收强度减弱。同时GA与CUR之间的氢键相互作用, 影响了CUR分子的电子环境, 使π-π*跃迁能量级增加。此外, 溶剂效应也可能导致光谱位移的改变。
DSC分析结果如图1I所示, CUR单体的熔点为183 ℃, CUR-API和PMIX均在183 ℃附近产生熔融峰, 而CUR-GMS在183 ℃处未见熔融峰, 说明CUR在胶束内以非晶体形式存在。
XRD结果如图1J所示, CUR-API及GA-API均有较明显的晶体衍射峰, PMIX为二者晶体峰的简单叠加。而CUR-GMS的晶体衍射峰完全消失, 进一步验证了CUR在胶束内的无定型形式。
稳定性考察结果见图1K~N, 胶束在10天内表现出较好的稳定性, 第10天至第15天粒径和PDI呈现上升趋势, 但未有显著性差异(P > 0.05), 包封率仍较稳定; 第15天粒径、PDI继续增加, 且变化出现显著差异(P < 0.05), 包封率也呈现下降趋势。电位在考察的20天内未出现显著性差异(P > 0.05), 表明静电排斥可能是抑制聚集的主导机制。
分子动力学模拟结果如图2A所示, 从0 ns开始, CUR基团与GA基团开始触碰, 体系在20 ns内迅速发生聚集, CUR与GA分子相互吸引重叠, 在60 ns后形成棒状及球状团簇, 且之后聚集体大小无明显改变, 表明200 ns内体系已经达到动态平衡。此外, 模拟结果表明CUR-GMS体系中CUR分子并未完全包裹在GA分子内部, 不属于经典的“核-壳”模型, 这可能是由于GA分子质量低, 疏水链长不够导致。
SASA通常指的是聚集体能被溶剂(水) 接触的面积大小, 由图2B可知, CUR-GMS体系的SASA值在0 ns后稳步下降, 60 ns后趋于稳定, 表明模拟过程中分子间发生聚集并达到动态稳定; Rg值在60 ns前出现峰状波动(与SASA变化一致), 之后降至最低并保持不变, 反映聚集体紧实度及动态稳定性随聚集过程趋于稳定; RMSD曲线在60 ns后趋于平稳, 进一步证明体系形成并持续稳定。为研究CUR-GMS体系自组装成胶束过程中的驱动力, 对模拟过程中的分子间氢键力学进行统计分析。如图2E所示, 体系间分子氢键的数量较多, 平均值达到10.65 ± 3.29个, 表明氢键在体系的形成过程中贡献显著, 不仅促进了体系的自组装, 还使自组装的纳米粒子结构更加紧密。
体外释放结果如图3A、B所示, 在48 h内CUR-GMS中CUR的释放度分别能达到69.82% (恒定pH)、60.45% (梯度pH), 分别为CUR-API组的2.48、5.01倍, 以及PMIX组的2.33、3.98倍。这可能是由于CUR-API和PMIX中CUR分散性差导致CUR粒子易于聚集, 进而限制了CUR的释放。
体内药代动力学研究结果如图3C所示, CUR-GMS中CUR不同时间点血药浓度远高于相同时间点的PMIX中CUR血药浓度, CUR-GMS中CUR的Cmax分别为PMIX中CUR的23.3倍(P < 0.01), CUR-GMS中AUC0-t为PMIX中CUR的6.36倍(P < 0.05)。
MTT结果显示CUR无毒浓度为40 μmol·L-1 (图4A), 在此给药浓度下进行细胞摄取研究。Caco-2细胞摄取定量分析表明, CUR-GMS组中CUR摄取量显著高于PMIX组(为其2.33倍, 图4B)。Caco-2细胞转运实验结果显示, 2 h内CUR-GMS的转运量为PMIX组的1.65倍(P < 0.05, 图4C)。
体重变化是DSS诱发的结肠炎严重程度的重要指标, 监测造模10天内小鼠体重变化(图5A) 显示, 对照组的体重逐渐增加, DSS组从第4天起迅速持续下降(P < 0.01), 而各给药组的小鼠体重下降均有所减轻, 其中CUR-GMS组较CUR-API改善更明显。表明CUR-GMS对DSS小鼠体重减轻有保护作用。
DAI评分能够评估DSS诱导结肠炎的进展, 如图5B所示, DSS组的DAI评分显著高于对照组(P < 0.01), 而CUR-GMS组的评分显著低于DSS组及PMIX组(P < 0.01), 表明CUR-GMS对DSS诱导的结肠炎具有潜在保护作用。
结肠缩短是DSS诱导结肠炎的重要特征之一。如图5C、D所示, DSS组小鼠结肠长度明显缩短(P < 0.01), 而CUR-GMS组小鼠结肠长度无明显变化。
脾脏指数可作为评估药物改善UC的又一指标。DSS组小鼠脾脏指数显著升高, 与DSS组小鼠相比, CUR-GMS组小鼠的脾脏指数明显下降(图5E), 可见CUR-GMS可改善结肠炎小鼠的脾脏肿大。
H&E染色显示对照组小鼠结肠组织学结构正常(图5F), 具有完整的上皮和隐窝, 绒毛整齐, 丰富的杯状细胞分布, 无炎细胞浸润。DSS组结肠组织隐窝破坏和黏膜层水肿明显, 杯状细胞显著减少, 炎细胞数量增多, 呈现出明显的炎症浸润。与DSS组相比, CUR-GMS组表现较轻的结肠组织损伤、更少的炎细胞浸润和更完整的隐窝结构。
小鼠结肠炎症因子水平变化情况如图5G~K所示, 模型组小鼠结肠组织IL-6、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-10和IL-4等炎症因子表达均显著性上升(P < 0.01), PMIX和CUR-GMS组上述炎症因子有不同程度的降低, 其中CUR-GMS组下降最为显著(P < 0.01)。
分别采用免疫组化(图6A~C)、流式细胞(图6D)、免疫荧光(图6E) 及RT-PCR (图6F~J) 技术检测CUR-GMS对结肠组织中M1/M2型巨噬细胞标志分子表达的影响。结果显示, DSS组结肠组织中M1型标志分子CD86、INOS、IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α表达显著增强, M2型标志分子CD206、Arg-1表达显著降低。经CUR-GMS处理后, 可抑制CD86、INOS、TNF-α等促炎分子表达, 增强CD206、Arg-1等抗炎分子表达, 且效果优于PMIX组。流式细胞术分析显示, CUR-GMS可降低CD86/CD206比值, 促进巨噬细胞由促炎性M1向抗炎性M2极化。RT-PCR结果与免疫组化及流式细胞术结果一致。以上研究表明, CUR-GMS可通过调节结肠巨噬细胞极化来减轻炎症反应。
本研究以天然植物糖苷类化合物GA为载体, 构建了负载CUR的自组装缔合体CUR-GMS。系统探究了CUR分子间相互作用, 以及对CUR生物利用度的改善。研究结果证实GA和CUR聚集体中存在丰富的氢键作用, 改变了CUR的存在状态, 改善了CUR溶解度、体外释放及体内生物利用度。药效学结果证实CUR-GMS显著增强了CUR抗UC的治疗效果。该研究不仅为难溶性天然药物的增溶及生物利用度提升提供了新范式, 也为挖掘天然化合物的药物递送载体性能提供了理论依据。肠道免疫失衡在UC发病过程中发挥着至关重要的作用[47], 巨噬细胞是免疫防御的重要组成部分[48], 根据活化状态不同分为M1和M2两种类型, M1/M2是决定炎症反应程度的关键[49]。本研究结果显示UC小鼠结肠组织中促炎因子IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α表达水平显著升高, 而抑炎因子IL-10及IL-4变化不显著; CUR-GMS干预治疗后促炎因子IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α表达下降。表明UC小鼠结肠组织中巨噬细胞向M1极化, CUR-GMS减弱了M1极化。结合免疫组化、流式细胞、免疫荧光及RT-PCR结果, 发现UC小鼠结肠组织中M1巨噬细胞标志物CD86、iNOS及TNF-α表达显著增强、M2巨噬细胞标志物CD206和Arg-1表达下降。CRU-GMS干预后呈现相反的调控结果。上述结果相互印证了CUR-GMS不仅可以减少M1型促炎巨噬细胞, 同时增加M2型抗炎巨噬细胞的表达, 恢复促炎/抗炎轴的平衡。调节巨噬细胞极化动态平衡可能是CUR-GMS治疗UC的重要作用途径, 其深层分子机制尚待进一步探究。
本研究虽成功构建CUR-GMS并提升了CUR生物利用度, 但胶束制剂体内稳定性不足仍是关键局限。未来研究可从三方面展开: ①针对稳定性缺陷, 研发凝胶/凝胶珠等新型制剂, 通过物理交联或响应性材料修饰(如pH敏感型聚合物), 构建“胶束-凝胶”协同递送体系, 改善体内持久性与靶向释药能力; ②拓展GA作为天然载体的普适性, 系统验证其对黄酮类、萜类等其他疏水性小分子的包载能力, 同时挖掘人参皂苷等结构类似糖苷的自组装潜力, 构建多药共载递药体系; ③深化机制研究, 借助单细胞测序等技术解析CUR新型药物递送系统调节巨噬细胞极化的信号通路。此类探索不仅能突破传统胶束应用瓶颈, 更能依托中药“药辅合一”理念, 为难溶性成分的临床转化及中药复方剂型创新提供兼具理论价值与应用前景的解决方案。

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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0480
  • 接收时间:2025-04-27
  • 首发时间:2026-09-21
  • 出版时间:2026-02-12
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-27
  • 修回日期:2025-09-11
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    1江西中医药大学现代中药制剂教育部重点实验室, 江西 南昌 330004
    2江西医疗器械检测中心, 江西 南昌 330029
    3经典名方现代中药创制全国重点实验室, 江西 南昌 330004

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
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多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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