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Article(id=1308459322128749546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308459188263342104, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0475, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1745424000000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-24, revisedDate=1749571200000, revisedDateStr=2025-06-11, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789890612394, onlineDateStr=2026-09-20, pubDate=1757606400000, pubDateStr=2025-09-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789890612394, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789890612394, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789890612394, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1308459188263342104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2025', volume='60', issue='9', pageStart='2649', pageEnd='2912', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1757606400000', pubDateStr='2025-09-12', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789890580478, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789893297273, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1308470583390401503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308459188263342104, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1308470583390401504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308459188263342104, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2883, endPage=2889, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1308459322502042603, articleId=1308459322128749546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Based on molecular interactions to explored the influence of different brewing methods of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and Coptidis Rhizoma formula granules on the "bitter and cold" bias, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study initially explored the influence of different brewing methods of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma-Coptidis Rhizoma formula granules on the "bitter and cold" bias (formula granule-cold mixing, FG-CM; formula granule-hot mix and reheating, FG-HMR). We characterized the differences in morphology, molecular thermodynamics, spectroscopy and diarrhea phenotype of mice of the two brewing methods decoctions, in order to analyze the potential impact of different brewing methods on the clinical efficacy of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma-Coptidis Rhizoma formula granules. The research found that there were a large number of flocs in the FG-CM system under macroscopic observation, and the FG-HMR system was in a uniform turbid state. Similarly, under the scanning electron microscope, the particle size of FG-HMR was more uniform and the scale was smaller. The ITC experiment found that the interaction between the formula particles of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma-Coptidis Rhizoma was obvious. However, the characterization results of UV-vis, IR and HPLC indicated that the chemical types and contents of FG-CM and FG-HMR were basically consistent, suggesting that the brewing method did not change the chemical composition but there was molecular interaction. Through the mouse diarrhea model, it was found that compared with the FG-CM group, the "bitter and cold" bias in the FG-HMR group was more moderate. It could better maintain the normal intestinal homeostasis and intestinal tissue structure of mice, reduce the rate of soft stools in mice, and alleviate the side effects of diarrhea in mice. This study started from the perspective of material basis and diarrhea phenotype, with the expectation of providing a reference for the clinical administration of formula granules containing Rhei Radix et Rhizoma-Coptidis Rhizoma. The animal experiment was approved by the Ethics Committee of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (Approval No.: BUCM2024-093-M).

, authors=Xiao-yu LIN1, Ji-chang WEI1, Zhi-xia WANG1, Gen LI1, Xue-mei HUANG1, Ji WANG2, *, Peng-long WANG1, *, authorsList=Xiao-yu LIN, Ji-chang WEI, Zhi-xia WANG, Gen LI, Xue-mei HUANG, Ji WANG, Peng-long WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Ji WANG, Peng-long WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1308459326205613048, articleId=1308459322128749546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=基于分子互作探讨大黄-黄连配方颗粒不同冲泡方式对“苦寒”偏性的影响, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究旨在初探大黄-黄连配方颗粒不同冲泡方式, 常温冲泡(formula granule-cold mixing, FG-CM) 与加热冲泡(formula granule-hot mix and reheating, FG-HMR) 对“苦寒”偏性的影响。通过表征两种冲泡方式下汤液的形貌学、分子热力学、谱学等差异及其与小鼠腹泻表型的关系, 以分析不同冲泡方式对大黄-黄连配方颗粒临床疗效的潜在影响。研究发现, 在宏观观察下FG-CM体系中存在大量絮状物, 而FG-HMR体系则呈均一浑浊态。通过浊度测定和扫描电子显微镜, 发现FG-HMR的粒度更均一且尺度更小。等温滴定量热(isothermal titration calorimetry, ITC) 实验发现大黄-黄连配方颗粒间相互作用明显, 紫外可见光谱(ultraviolet-visible spectrum, UV-vis)、红外光谱(infrared spectrum, IR) 与高效液相色谱(high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC) 表征结果提示FG-CM与FG-HMR的成分种类与含量基本保持一致, 表明冲泡方式并未改变化学成分组成但存在分子互作。通过小鼠腹泻模型发现, 相比于FG-CM组, FG-HMR组的“苦寒”偏性更为缓和, 可更好地维持小鼠的正常肠道稳态与肠道组织结构, 降低小鼠的软便率, 减轻小鼠的腹泻不良反应。本研究从中药配方颗粒冲泡方式对药效分子互作影响物质基础与腹泻表型的角度出发, 以期为含大黄-黄连配方颗粒的临床服用提供参考。动物实验经北京中医药大学伦理委员会批准(批准号: BUCM2024-093-M)。

, authors=林晓钰1, 魏吉昌1, 汪志霞1, 李根1, 黄雪梅1, 王济2, *, 王鹏龙1, *, authorsList=林晓钰, 魏吉昌, 汪志霞, 李根, 黄雪梅, 王济, 王鹏龙, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=王济, 王鹏龙, authorNote=

#共同第一作者.

作者贡献:

林晓钰、魏吉昌完成实验内容及论文撰写工作; 汪志霞、李根辅助论文修改; 黄雪梅设计方案; 王鹏龙、王济提供研究经费并指导论文的撰写和修改。

, correspAuthorsNote=
王济，E-mail:
王鹏龙，E-mail:
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AlkaloidFG-CMFG-HMR
Coptisine48.06 ± 5.9948.95 ± 3.46
Epiberberine25.80 ± 4.1828.56 ± 2.71
Jateorhizine29.88 ± 3.0435.40 ± 5.26
Berberine205.61 ± 5.04222.17 ± 0.59
Palmatine47.00 ± 0.6343.52 ± 2.66
), ArticleFig(id=1308499749465063806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308459322128749546, language=CN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Peak areas of each alkaloid in FG-CM and FG-HMR (mAU·s). n = 3, $ \stackrel{-}{x} $ ± s

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AlkaloidFG-CMFG-HMR
Coptisine48.06 ± 5.9948.95 ± 3.46
Epiberberine25.80 ± 4.1828.56 ± 2.71
Jateorhizine29.88 ± 3.0435.40 ± 5.26
Berberine205.61 ± 5.04222.17 ± 0.59
Palmatine47.00 ± 0.6343.52 ± 2.66
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基于分子互作探讨大黄-黄连配方颗粒不同冲泡方式对“苦寒”偏性的影响
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林晓钰 1 , 魏吉昌 1 , 汪志霞 1 , 李根 1 , 黄雪梅 1 , 王济 2, * , 王鹏龙 1, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2025,60(9): 2883-2889
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药学学报 |研究论文 2025 , 60 (9) : 2883 -2889
基于分子互作探讨大黄-黄连配方颗粒不同冲泡方式对“苦寒”偏性的影响
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林晓钰1, 魏吉昌1, 汪志霞1, 李根1, 黄雪梅1, 王济2, * , 王鹏龙1, *
作者信息
  • 1北京中医药大学中药学院, 北京 102488
  • 2北京中医药大学国家中医体质与治未病研究院, 北京 100029
通讯作者:
王济，E-mail:
王鹏龙，E-mail:
作者简介:

#共同第一作者.

作者贡献:

林晓钰、魏吉昌完成实验内容及论文撰写工作; 汪志霞、李根辅助论文修改; 黄雪梅设计方案; 王鹏龙、王济提供研究经费并指导论文的撰写和修改。

Based on molecular interactions to explored the influence of different brewing methods of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and Coptidis Rhizoma formula granules on the "bitter and cold" bias
Xiao-yu LIN1, Ji-chang WEI1, Zhi-xia WANG1, Gen LI1, Xue-mei HUANG1, Ji WANG2, * , Peng-long WANG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
  • 2Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, National Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution and Treatment of Disease, Beijing 100029, China
出版时间: 2025-09-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0475
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摘要
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本研究旨在初探大黄-黄连配方颗粒不同冲泡方式, 常温冲泡(formula granule-cold mixing, FG-CM) 与加热冲泡(formula granule-hot mix and reheating, FG-HMR) 对“苦寒”偏性的影响。通过表征两种冲泡方式下汤液的形貌学、分子热力学、谱学等差异及其与小鼠腹泻表型的关系, 以分析不同冲泡方式对大黄-黄连配方颗粒临床疗效的潜在影响。研究发现, 在宏观观察下FG-CM体系中存在大量絮状物, 而FG-HMR体系则呈均一浑浊态。通过浊度测定和扫描电子显微镜, 发现FG-HMR的粒度更均一且尺度更小。等温滴定量热(isothermal titration calorimetry, ITC) 实验发现大黄-黄连配方颗粒间相互作用明显, 紫外可见光谱(ultraviolet-visible spectrum, UV-vis)、红外光谱(infrared spectrum, IR) 与高效液相色谱(high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC) 表征结果提示FG-CM与FG-HMR的成分种类与含量基本保持一致, 表明冲泡方式并未改变化学成分组成但存在分子互作。通过小鼠腹泻模型发现, 相比于FG-CM组, FG-HMR组的“苦寒”偏性更为缓和, 可更好地维持小鼠的正常肠道稳态与肠道组织结构, 降低小鼠的软便率, 减轻小鼠的腹泻不良反应。本研究从中药配方颗粒冲泡方式对药效分子互作影响物质基础与腹泻表型的角度出发, 以期为含大黄-黄连配方颗粒的临床服用提供参考。动物实验经北京中医药大学伦理委员会批准(批准号: BUCM2024-093-M)。

大黄  /  黄连  /  分子互作  /  配方颗粒  /  苦寒偏性

This study initially explored the influence of different brewing methods of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma-Coptidis Rhizoma formula granules on the "bitter and cold" bias (formula granule-cold mixing, FG-CM; formula granule-hot mix and reheating, FG-HMR). We characterized the differences in morphology, molecular thermodynamics, spectroscopy and diarrhea phenotype of mice of the two brewing methods decoctions, in order to analyze the potential impact of different brewing methods on the clinical efficacy of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma-Coptidis Rhizoma formula granules. The research found that there were a large number of flocs in the FG-CM system under macroscopic observation, and the FG-HMR system was in a uniform turbid state. Similarly, under the scanning electron microscope, the particle size of FG-HMR was more uniform and the scale was smaller. The ITC experiment found that the interaction between the formula particles of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma-Coptidis Rhizoma was obvious. However, the characterization results of UV-vis, IR and HPLC indicated that the chemical types and contents of FG-CM and FG-HMR were basically consistent, suggesting that the brewing method did not change the chemical composition but there was molecular interaction. Through the mouse diarrhea model, it was found that compared with the FG-CM group, the "bitter and cold" bias in the FG-HMR group was more moderate. It could better maintain the normal intestinal homeostasis and intestinal tissue structure of mice, reduce the rate of soft stools in mice, and alleviate the side effects of diarrhea in mice. This study started from the perspective of material basis and diarrhea phenotype, with the expectation of providing a reference for the clinical administration of formula granules containing Rhei Radix et Rhizoma-Coptidis Rhizoma. The animal experiment was approved by the Ethics Committee of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (Approval No.: BUCM2024-093-M).

Rhei Radix et Rhizoma  /  Coptidis Rhizoma  /  molecular interaction  /  formula granule  /  bitter and cold bias
林晓钰, 魏吉昌, 汪志霞, 李根, 黄雪梅, 王济, 王鹏龙. 基于分子互作探讨大黄-黄连配方颗粒不同冲泡方式对“苦寒”偏性的影响. 药学学报, 2025 , 60 (9) : 2883 -2889 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0475
Xiao-yu LIN, Ji-chang WEI, Zhi-xia WANG, Gen LI, Xue-mei HUANG, Ji WANG, Peng-long WANG. Based on molecular interactions to explored the influence of different brewing methods of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and Coptidis Rhizoma formula granules on the "bitter and cold" bias[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2025 , 60 (9) : 2883 -2889 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0475
正文
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中药疗效的发挥与煎煮方式密切相关, 清代医家徐灵胎在《医学源流论》就指出“凡煎药之法最宜深讲, 药之效与不效, 全在乎此”[1], 《本草纲目》中记载“凡服汤药, 虽品物精专, 修治如法, 而煎煮卤莽造次, 水火不良, 火候失度, 则药亦无功”[2]。中药配方颗粒(formula granule, FG) 是由单味中药饮片通过提取、浓缩、干燥、制粒等步骤制备而成, 在中医药理论指导下, 可供临床处方调配的颗粒剂[3], 其源于中药饮片, 具有汤剂的基本属性[4]。中药配方颗粒与中药饮片的等效性研究已有众多学者从化学成分、药理活性与临床疗效等角度开展了大量的工作[5-10], 其中引起二者差异性的关键点主要是中药配方颗粒相比于中药饮片缺少了“诸药共煎”的过程, 表现为单味药的机械混合[11-13]。那么诸药共煮与单煎混合二者的差异在哪？如何搭建二者沟通的桥梁？
前期课题组研究发现, 黄芩-黄连共煎液在电镜下相态为纳米颗粒, 而两单煎液物理混合的汤液相态则为大尺度纤维状, 物理混合汤液再加热后, 药效分子经互作重排后, 汤液的相态可由纤维转化为类球形颗粒; 并且生物学评价显示, 再加热后汤液的味道和抗金葡菌活性也随之变化[14]。同样, 笔者前期研究发现大黄-黄连共煎液与单煎液物理混合的相态与生物功能差异显著, “混合后再加热共煮”的过程可使得大黄-黄连机械混合液的汤液相态趋近于共煎液, 并伴随着腹泻等不良反应的减轻。那么大黄-黄连配方颗粒中是否也会出现诸如大黄-黄连饮片水煎液中的现象呢？配方颗粒中辅料的引入是否影响中药药效成分的相互作用？因此本研究中将研究对象由大黄-黄连饮片延伸至大黄-黄连配方颗粒, 通过形貌学表征(粒径、浊度)、化学表征(UV-vis、IR、HPLC、ITC) 与小鼠腹泻模型表征, 分析大黄-黄连配方颗粒不同冲泡方式(FG-CM、FG-HMR) 的差异, 进一步揭示共煎过程促进中药药效分子的相互作用, 进而影响“苦寒”偏性, 同时借此思考含大黄-黄连配方颗粒的临床合理使用方法, 通过中医临床指导中药配方颗粒服用的“最后一杯水”环节, 提高疗效、降低不良反应。
材料与方法
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药品与试剂   大黄配方颗粒(FG-RR, formula granule-Rhei Radix et Rhizoma)、黄连配方颗粒(FG-CC, Formula granule-Coptidis Rhizoma) 均购于广东一方制药有限公司(批号A2090386、A3081196)。大黄配方颗粒中每1 g配方颗粒相当于饮片4 g; 黄连配方颗粒中每1 g配方颗粒相当于饮片3 g。磷酸(色谱级, 批号20240430)、甲醇(色谱级, 批号F24O9N213), 均购于美国Fisher公司。
仪器   Tensor27型衰减全反射红外光谱仪(美国Bruker公司); UH5300型紫外可见分光光度计(日本株式会社); 1260型高效液相色谱仪(美国安捷伦科技有限公司); Sorvall ST 8R型高速冷冻离心机(赛默飞世尔科技有限公司); SU-8020型扫描电子显微镜(日本日立公司); 等温滴定量热仪(美国TA公司); ZEN3700型马尔文粒度仪(英国马尔文仪器有限公司); YKM-FZD型浊度仪(上海佑科仪器仪表有限公司)。
实验动物   健康的SPF级昆明雄性小鼠, 体重18~22 g, 购自北京维通利华实验动物技术有限公司, 合格证号110011231103710136。小鼠的饲养和操作均已通过北京中医药大学伦理委员会批准(批准号: BUCM2024-093-M)。
大黄-黄连配方颗粒不同冲泡方式中药汤液的制备  按配方颗粒质量计, 取等质量FG-RR、FG-CC加入等体积去离子水至完全溶解(常温), 得到大黄-黄连配方颗粒常温冲泡汤液(FG-CM); 取等质量FG-RR、FG-CC加入等体积去离子水至完全溶解(热水, 大于80 ℃), 再将汤液加热30 min得到大黄-黄连配方颗粒加热冲泡汤液(FG-HMR)。
形貌学表征   制备一系列梯度浓度(1、2、4、8、10、20 mg·mL-1) 的FG-CC、FG-RR、FG-CM与FG-HMR样品, 拍照记录各汤液的相态。分别使用马尔文粒度仪、浊度仪测定2、4、8、10 mg·mL-1浓度下, FG-CM与FG-HMR的粒径值与浊度值, 并于扫描电子显微镜下观察二者的微观形貌。
紫外-可见吸收光谱与红外光谱表征  实验方法及浓度设置参照文献[15]。
高效液相色谱表征   制备浓度为1 mg·mL-1的FG-CM与FG-HMR样品, 12 000 r·min-1转速下离心10 min, 收集各样品溶液上清液待测。色谱条件: LP-C18 (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm, Agilent); 流动相为0.1%磷酸溶液(A) 和甲醇(B), 梯度洗脱条件为0~30 min 30%~40% B, 流速为1 mL·min-1, 进样量为1 μL, 检测波长分别为254和354 nm。
等温滴定量热表征   配制浓度为22.25 mg·mL-1黄连配方颗粒溶液和50 mg·mL-1大黄配方颗粒溶液, 分别超声30 min后, 10 000 r·min-1转速下离心10 min取上清滴定, 以黄连配方颗粒溶液滴定去离子水为对照。搅拌速度250 r·min-1, 滴定温度25 ℃, 滴定间隔180 s。
小鼠腹泻模型表征   适应性喂养7 d后, 将KM雄性小鼠随机分为3组(n = 8): Control组、FG-CM组和FG-HMR组。实验前小鼠禁食12 h。给药剂量按配方颗粒换算, 用量体积为0.1 mL·10 g-1。FG-CM组和FG-HMR组给药剂量为4 g·kg-1, Control组给予等量生理盐水。单只小鼠灌胃后放入笼中观察腹泻情况, 记录各组6 h内各组小鼠的生理状态、粪便数量与粪便性状。6 h后脱颈椎处死小鼠, 剖取结肠组织进行石蜡包埋切片与HE染色。
统计学方法   采用SPSS 20.0软件对结果进行t检验, 测量值以平均±标准差($ \stackrel{-}{x} $ ± s) 表示, P < 0.05具有统计学意义。
结果
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1　大黄-黄连配方颗粒不同冲泡方式汤液的形貌学与化学表征
大黄配方颗粒与黄连配方颗粒的宏观状态如图1所示, 不同浓度(1~20 mg·mL-1) 下, 两单煎液汤液相态均为澄清态, 随着浓度的增大溶液颜色逐渐加深。
按照不同方式对大黄-黄连配方颗粒进行冲泡处理, FG-CM与FG-HMR呈浑浊态, 且FG-CM随着浓度的增加, 自8 mg·mL-1起, 汤液体系中出现明显絮状物; 而FG-HMR汤液相态仍维持均一(图2A)。FG-CM与FG-HMR的镜下可见大小不一的颗粒, 粒径范围约为1~2 μm (图2B), 与饮片水煎液的形貌差异显著, 推测是配方颗粒中的辅料包裹住药物分子, 影响镜下的观察。FG-CM体系中多以团簇出现, FG-HMR视野中颗粒分散较为均匀, 提示再加热处理减少汤液体系中分散粒子的聚集, 进而表现为宏观视野下絮状物的消失。
FG-CM的粒径普遍大于FG-HMR, 在2 mg·mL-1浓度下, FG-CM与FG-HMR的粒径分别为389.00 ± 9.11、297.13 ± 12.30 nm; 随着浓度的增大, 二者的粒径差异逐渐扩大, 当浓度为10 mg·mL-1时, FG-CM (1 462.33 ± 65.16 nm) 的粒径值为FG-HMR的3倍(图3A), 与电镜观察结果相一致。浊度表征显示, FG-HMR的浊度值在2~10 mg·mL-1浓度内均大于FG-CM, 具有极强的显著性差异(P < 0.001, 图3B)。
FG-CM与FG-HMR的紫外光谱特征峰(263、342、424 nm)、红外光谱特征峰(3 291、2 928、1 601、1 028 cm-1) 基本保持一致(图4A、B)。通过高效液相色谱法检测FG-CM与FG-HMR的指标性成分含量差异, 其结果显示各生物碱类成分(黄连碱、表小檗碱、药根碱、小檗碱、巴马汀) 同样无显著性差异(图4C、表1)。UV-vis、IR、HPLC表征结果共同提示大黄-黄连配方颗粒经过再加热的过程基本不会影响化学成分的种类与含量。区别于饮片, 配方颗粒中还添加了麦芽糊精等用以辅佐干燥与制粒。配方颗粒中麦芽糊精的红外光谱特征峰为1 200~900 cm-1[16], FG-CM与FG-HMR的红外特征峰的峰位与饮片水煎液基本保持一致, 提示大黄-黄连配方颗粒中麦芽糊精的吸收峰对药物吸收峰影响较小。
等温滴定量热结果如图4D、E所示, 黄连配方颗粒滴定大黄配方颗粒的过程为放热反应, 黄连配方颗粒滴定去离子水为吸热反应, 热力学参数显示二者的结合常数(Ka) 与解离常数(Kd) 分别为1.063×104 L·mol-1、9.407×10-5 mol·L-1, 根据热力学第二定律计算, ∆G = ∆H-T∆S = -22.27 kJ·mol-1 < 0, 并且|∆H| > |-T∆S|, 说明大黄、黄连制备为配方颗粒后, 二者的药效成分依旧存在相互作用, 二者相互作用的过程是焓驱动的化学放热反应, 与笔者前期研究大黄-黄连饮片煎煮汤剂、大黄酸-小檗碱药效成分相互作用的结果相一致[17, 18], 进一步推测热水冲泡再加热的过程引起分子互作形式的不同, 使得FG-CM与FG-HMR出现明显的形貌学差异。
2　大黄-黄连配方颗粒不同冲泡方式汤液对小鼠腹泻的影响
建立小鼠腹泻模型, 考察FG-CM组与FG-HMR组小鼠的腹泻程度差异, 其结果显示Control组与FG-HMR组小鼠的肛周无明显污迹, FG-CM组小鼠的肛周可见大量污秽, 提示FG-CM组小鼠出现明显的腹泻不良反应; 粪便性状显示Control组小鼠的粪便为正常便, 其质地偏硬、颜色棕褐; FG-HMR组小鼠粪便的性状与Control组较为接近, 质地偏硬且形状规则, 其颜色黑褐色为药液颜色; 而FG-CM组小鼠的粪便质地偏软, 较难维持正常粪便的形状, 粪便中含水量明显高于其余两组, 该组小鼠的软便可在纸上留下明显的污迹, 但该组的溏便多残留在小鼠肛周, 较难于纸上拍照观察。
6 h内各组小鼠的粪便数量统计显示, Control组的正常便数量为14.12 ± 5.72, 分别给予FG-CM与FG-HMR后, 此二组小鼠的正常便数量分别下降至9.00 ± 3.30、9.75 ± 3.01, 其中FG-HMR组小鼠的正常便数量略高(图5A); 软便数量统计中, FG-CM组小鼠为7.00 ± 3.34, 而FG-HMR组小鼠的软便数量仅为1.10 ± 1.10 (图5B), 说明大黄-黄连配方颗粒汤液经过再加热处理后, 药效成分相互作用更加充分, 可较好降低小鼠的软便现象。
在HE染色中Control组与FG-HMR组小鼠的结肠组织结构都较为完整, 黏膜层与肌层均无明显的炎细胞浸润; FG-CM组小鼠的黏膜层受到大面积的损伤, 隐窝表面崎岖不平, 杯状细胞排列不齐且出现大数量的消失(图6)。HE染色表征表明大黄-黄连配方颗粒汤液经过再加热处理可减轻对结肠组织的损伤, 结合小鼠的生理状态分析, 大黄-黄连配方颗粒热水冲泡经过再加热处理后可较好地维持小鼠肠道内的稳态环境, 保持较高占比的正常便数量, 减轻对结肠组织的损伤程度, 从而相比于FG-CM更能缓解腹泻的不良反应。
讨论
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本研究选取大黄-黄连配方颗粒作为研究对象, 在物质基础方面, FG-CM与FG-HMR的成分种类与含量基本保持一致, 而在宏观形貌以及动物模型上则差异明显。常温冲泡汤液FG-CM存在大量絮状物, 伴随着更大的粒径与更强的肠道损伤作用, 能大幅度提升小鼠的软便率, 可观察到明显的小鼠腹泻现象; 当大黄-黄连配方颗粒经过加热冲泡后, 汤液内絮状物消失, 体系均一稳定, 具有更小的粒径与更温和的性质, 表明共煎过程促进药效成分相互作用, 可以有效降低小鼠的腹泻不良反应, 维持正常便占比与结肠结构完整性。
本研究发现大黄-黄连配方颗粒经过加热处理后可减轻小鼠腹泻现象, 趋同于大黄-黄连饮片配伍共煎煮缓和“苦寒”偏性, 区别于常温直接冲泡的汤液。基于大黄-黄连饮片水煎液与配方颗粒汤液之间的联系性, 进一步推测大黄-黄连配方颗粒经过冲泡后再进行加热共煮的过程有利于模拟大黄-黄连饮片“诸药共煮”的过程。对于大黄-黄连配方颗粒, 在临床服用时进行适当的加热处理可更好的发挥药效、减轻不良反应的发生并提高患者依从性。
饮片“诸药共煮”的过程中, 各药物成分间的溶出比例、速率等又与配方颗粒在最后服用前的共煮仍存在差异性。根据本次实验配方颗粒与饮片的比例关系, 参考国家药品监督管理局大黄配方颗粒(YBZ-PFKL-2023032) 及黄连配方颗粒(YBZ-PFKL-2021064) 的标准, 加以出膏量换算, 本次大黄与黄连配方颗粒的药物与辅料的比例约为1∶1。前期预实验中, 为表征加热引起的分子互作形式差异, 对FG-CM与FG-HMR的体外释放性质进行了考察, 但二者的差异难以捕捉, 推测辅料的加入影响了药物分子间的溶解释放过程, FG-CM与FG-HMR的体外释放速率趋于一致。本实验已控制FG-CM与FG-HMR的辅料含量保持一致, 但辅料引入对腹泻的影响也有待后续进一步的分析。本研究初步探究了不同冲泡方式的大黄-黄连配方颗粒的物质基础与小鼠腹泻表型差异, 以期为配方颗粒的研究提供参考, 完善中药配方颗粒服用的“最后一杯水”环节。

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2025年第60卷第9期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0475
  • 接收时间：2025-04-24
  • 首发时间：2026-09-20
  • 出版时间：2025-09-12
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  • 收稿日期：2025-04-24
  • 修回日期：2025-06-11
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    1北京中医药大学中药学院, 北京 102488
    2北京中医药大学国家中医体质与治未病研究院, 北京 100029

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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