Article(id=1308455435858632922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308455335962894804, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0343, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1742832000000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-25, revisedDate=1745683200000, revisedDateStr=2025-04-27, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789889685835, onlineDateStr=2026-09-20, pubDate=1749657600000, pubDateStr=2025-06-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789889685835, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789889685835, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789889685835, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1308455335962894804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2025', volume='60', issue='6', pageStart='1573', pageEnd='1964', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1749657600000', pubDateStr='2025-06-12', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789889662017, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789893590327, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1308471812564734358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308455335962894804, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1308471812564734359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308455335962894804, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1710, endPage=1720, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1308455437561520347, articleId=1308455435858632922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=The therapeutic effects and mechanisms of Hu Qi San in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma based on the sgp19-KRas mouse model, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), the second most common primary liver malignancy after hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), has seen a dramatic rise in incidence in recent years without effective therapeutic drugs. Hu Qi San (HQS), an empirical formula developed by professor Qian Ying, a renowned traditional Chinese medicine expert, through years of clinical practice, has demonstrated clinical efficacy in chronic viral hepatitis and primary hepatocellular carcinoma. However, fundamental research on HQS for ICC remains uncleared. Thus, this study utilized a sgp19-KRas mouse model with typical ICC-like lesions and a QBC-939 cell model to evaluate the therapeutic effects of HQS on ICC in vitro and in vivo and elucidate its underlying mechanisms. First, crystal violet staining and EdU assays revealed that HQS significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of QBC-939 cells (P < 0.05). Subsequently, sgp19-KRas mice were treated with daily oral administration of 20 g·kg-1 HQS for three weeks. Results demonstrated that HQS effectively suppressed ICC growth and tumor cell proliferation in sgp19-KRas mice, while improving survival rates. Mechanistically, network pharmacology analysis predicted 303 overlapping targets between HQS's active components and ICC-related disease targets, with significant enrichment in the Hippo signaling pathway. The molecular docking results predicted that ononin, calycosin, gallic acid, and taxifolin in HQS can directly bind to Yes-associated protein (YAP). Experimental validation further demonstrated that these four components exhibit in vitro inhibitory effects on QBC-939 cells. Subsequent q-PCR and Western blot analyses of liver tissues from treated sgp19-KRas mice confirmed that HQS inhibited the transcription of YAP, downregulated YAP protein expression, and suppressed the transcription of YAP downstream genes, particularly those in the YAP-Notch pathway. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that HQS exhibits potential therapeutic effects on ICC, and its mechanism of action is closely associated with the YAP-Notch signaling pathway.

, authors=Xiu-qin HUANG1, 2, 3, Xiang LI2, Dong-hao YIN4, Jia-hao GENG2, Miao CUI2, Sha LUO1, 2, Zi-meng SHANG5, Zhao-fang BAI6, Zi-xuan WANG2, Qiu-yun ZHANG2, Xin-hua SONG2, 3, *, Jia-bo WANG2, 3, *, authorsList=Xiu-qin HUANG, Xiang LI, Dong-hao YIN, Jia-hao GENG, Miao CUI, Sha LUO, Zi-meng SHANG, Zhao-fang BAI, Zi-xuan WANG, Qiu-yun ZHANG, Xin-hua SONG, Jia-bo WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xin-hua SONG, Jia-bo WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1308455438660428006, articleId=1308455435858632922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=基于sgp19-KRas小鼠模型探讨槲芪散对肝内胆管癌的治疗作用及机制, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

肝内胆管癌(intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, ICC) 是仅次于肝癌的第二大原发性肝癌, 近年来发病率逐年上升, 但目前并无有效治疗药物。槲芪散(Hu Qi San, HQS) 是全国名老中医钱英教授在临床实践多年的经验方剂, 对慢性病毒性肝炎和原发性肝癌临床疗效确切, 但是HQS在ICC上的基础研究目前仍是空白。基于此, 本研究选用具有典型ICC样病变的sgp19-KRas小鼠肝原位ICC模型和QBC-939细胞模型, 在体内外评估了HQS对ICC的治疗效果(本实验所有动物实验均获得首都医科大学实验动物伦理委员会批准, 伦理审查编号为AEEI-2023-138)。首先, 通过结晶紫染色实验和EdU实验检测发现HQS能够抑制QBC-939细胞的增殖与迁移(P < 0.05)。同时, 本研究对sgp19-KRas小鼠模型进行了为期3周的每日20 g·kg-1 HQS灌胃给药治疗, 结果显示HQS可以有效抑制sgp19-KRas小鼠体内ICC的生长与肿瘤细胞增殖, 提高小鼠的生存率。机制上, 本研究通过网络药理学预测发现有303个HQS的活性成分对应的靶点与ICC疾病靶点相重合, 并且这些重合的靶点在Hippo通路显著富集。分子对接结果预测HQS中芒柄花苷、毛异黄酮、没食子酸和二氢槲皮素可以与Yes相关蛋白(Yes-associated protein, YAP) 直接结合, 并且实验验证发现这4种成分对QBC-939细胞存在体外抑制作用。最后, 对sgp19-KRas小鼠给药后肝组织及QBC-939细胞进行q-PCR和免疫蛋白印迹检测证实, HQS可抑制Hippo通路下游蛋白YAP的转录, 下调YAP的表达, 并抑制YAP下游基因的转录, 特别是YAP-Notch通路的活性。综上, 本研究发现HQS对ICC有潜在治疗作用, 并且其作用机制与YAP-Notch通路密切相关。

, authors=黄秀勤1, 2, 3, 李想2, 尹东豪4, 耿嘉豪2, 崔渺2, 罗莎1, 2, 商子梦5, 柏兆方6, 王梓萱2, 张秋云2, 宋鑫华2, 3, *, 王伽伯2, 3, *, authorsList=黄秀勤, 李想, 尹东豪, 耿嘉豪, 崔渺, 罗莎, 商子梦, 柏兆方, 王梓萱, 张秋云, 宋鑫华, 王伽伯, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=宋鑫华, 王伽伯, authorNote=

作者贡献:

黄秀勤负责实验方案的设计与操作、数据处理与文章撰稿; 李想、尹东豪、耿嘉豪、崔渺、罗莎、商子梦和王梓萱负责实验动物、Western blot实验的操作与数据分析; 柏兆方、张秋云为HQS的处方分析、给药及文章修改提供了指导; 宋鑫华和王伽伯为本研究提供了课题设计、基金支持与论文修改。

, correspAuthorsNote=
宋鑫华, Tel: 86-10-83971623, E-mail:
王伽伯, E-mail:
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A: The cytotoxicity assay of QBC-939 cells with HQS treatment. IC50: Half maximal inhibitory concentration; B: Proliferation was measured by EdU incorporation of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) cells treated with/without HQS for 2 h. Nuclei were stained by Hoechst (scale bar = 50 μm); C: The ratio of EdU+ to Hoechst+ was used to calculate EdU-positive percentage (n = 8); D: Wound healing of QBC-939 cells incubated with HQS for 48 h (scale bar = 200 μm); E: Quantitative analysis of scratch width. Migration rates were calculated as (scratch width/mean scratch width at 0 h) × 100% (n = 9). x±s. *P < 0.05, figureFileSmall=L/YeGWuB6oQL66ESujW5+w==, figureFileBig=5dSMBvzbaRR0DIxCHOTC2g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308497791886910030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455435858632922, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=Ydgqij37HoG6F1uXJNXS4Q==, figureFileBig=MYTYEGvFmaupvY+DIY6r3A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308497792092430927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455435858632922, language=CN, label=Fig.2, caption=HQS inhibits tumor initiation and progression in sgp19-KRas-induced ICC mice. A: Study design. w: Weeks after the injection; B: Body weight and liver weight of vehicle- and HQS-treated sgp19-KRas mice (n = 5); C: Gross images, H&E staining and CK19 staining of livers from pretreatment, vehicle-treated, and HQS-treated sgp19-KRas mice (n = 3). Magnification: ×4; scale bar = 200 μm; D: Quantitative results of tumor area and CK19+ area. CK19 staining was quantified and represented as the percentage of the positive staining area of the whole section area (n = 3); E: Survival curve of sgp19-KRas mice treated with HQS, and vehicle. sgp19-KRas mice with pretreatment (Pre-), vehicle-treated (Veh-), and HQS-treated (HQS) (n = 5). x±s. *P < 0.05, figureFileSmall=Ydgqij37HoG6F1uXJNXS4Q==, figureFileBig=MYTYEGvFmaupvY+DIY6r3A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308497792188899920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455435858632922, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=NwkPs7vtR7M6GXdPmGl1kQ==, figureFileBig=l6jM2khhBH5OejXQ5Fx0XQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308497792302146129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455435858632922, language=CN, label=Fig.3, caption=HQS inhibits ICC cell proliferation. A: Ki-67 staining of livers from sgp19-KRas mice, magnification: ×4; scale bar = 50 μm; B: Ki-67+ cells were counted and quantified as a proliferation index (n = 3); C: Western blot analysis of cell proliferation signaling pathways in QBC-939 cells treated with HQS. x±s. *P < 0.05, figureFileSmall=NwkPs7vtR7M6GXdPmGl1kQ==, figureFileBig=l6jM2khhBH5OejXQ5Fx0XQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308497792595747410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455435858632922, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=7NMHjpRuI+E5X2NiUwX18w==, figureFileBig=fYA8XaLUBpXxdIpomzfxtA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308497792683827795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455435858632922, language=CN, label=Fig.4, caption=Component-target-pathway enrichment analysis results and molecular docking validation of HQS. A: Comparison results of targets corresponding to HQS components and ICC disease targets; B: KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of intersection targets; C: GO enrichment analysis of the overlapping targets; D: Molecular docking results of YAP with ononin, calycosin, gallic acid and taxifolin; E: The cytotoxicity assay of QBC-939 cells with ononin, calycosin, gallic acid and taxifolin treatment; F-H: YAP protein expression and qualifications in QBC-939 cells treated with ononin and calycosin. n = 3, x±s. *P < 0.05, figureFileSmall=7NMHjpRuI+E5X2NiUwX18w==, figureFileBig=fYA8XaLUBpXxdIpomzfxtA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308497792935486036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455435858632922, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=X+qjYcQTMoZgSr8Yrfyp5w==, figureFileBig=zjjYQgqDQ96/yrjGTblS8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308497793019372117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455435858632922, language=CN, label=Fig.5, caption=HQS inhibits ICC cell proliferation by downregulating the levels of YAP. A: Yap1 mRNA levels in sgp19-KRas liver under HQS treatment; B-D: YAP and TAZ protein expression and qualifications in QBC-939 and sgp19-KRas liver tissues; E: YAP signaling pathway downstream genes Cyr61, Notch2 and Notch1 transcription levels in the livers of sgp19-KRas mice; F, G: Western blot analysis of Jagged1 protein in sgp19-KRas mice liver treated or untreated with HQS; H-J. Jagged1 protein expression and qualifications in QBC-939 cells treated with ononin and calycosin. n = 3, x±s. *P < 0.05, figureFileSmall=X+qjYcQTMoZgSr8Yrfyp5w==, figureFileBig=zjjYQgqDQ96/yrjGTblS8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308497793480745558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455435858632922, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GenePrimer sequences (5'-3')
Yap1Forward CCATAAGAACAAGACCACATCC
Reverse TCCATCCTGCTCCAGTGTAG
Cyr61Forward CTGCGCTAAACAACTCAACGA
Reverse GCAGATCCCTTTCAGAGCGG
Notch1Forward CCCTTGCTCTGCCTAACGC
Reverse GGAGTCCTGGCATCGTTGG
Notch2Forward ATGTGGACGAGTGTCTGTTGC
Reverse GGAAGCATAGGCACAGTCATC
), ArticleFig(id=1308497795481428567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455435858632922, language=CN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Primer sequences

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GenePrimer sequences (5'-3')
Yap1Forward CCATAAGAACAAGACCACATCC
Reverse TCCATCCTGCTCCAGTGTAG
Cyr61Forward CTGCGCTAAACAACTCAACGA
Reverse GCAGATCCCTTTCAGAGCGG
Notch1Forward CCCTTGCTCTGCCTAACGC
Reverse GGAGTCCTGGCATCGTTGG
Notch2Forward ATGTGGACGAGTGTCTGTTGC
Reverse GGAAGCATAGGCACAGTCATC
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基于sgp19-KRas小鼠模型探讨槲芪散对肝内胆管癌的治疗作用及机制
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黄秀勤 1, 2, 3 , 李想 2 , 尹东豪 4 , 耿嘉豪 2 , 崔渺 2 , 罗莎 1, 2 , 商子梦 5 , 柏兆方 6 , 王梓萱 2 , 张秋云 2 , 宋鑫华 2, 3, * , 王伽伯 2, 3, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2025,60(6): 1710-1720
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药学学报 |研究论文 2025 , 60 (6) : 1710 -1720
基于sgp19-KRas小鼠模型探讨槲芪散对肝内胆管癌的治疗作用及机制
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黄秀勤1, 2, 3, 李想2, 尹东豪4, 耿嘉豪2, 崔渺2, 罗莎1, 2, 商子梦5, 柏兆方6, 王梓萱2, 张秋云2, 宋鑫华2, 3, * , 王伽伯2, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1成都中医药大学药学院/现代中药产业学院, 四川 成都 611130
  • 2首都医科大学中医药学院, 北京 100069
  • 3首都医科大学, 中医药防治传染性重症肝病研究与转化联合实验室, 北京 100069
  • 4首都医科大学附属佑安医院, 北京 100069
  • 5首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院中西医结合中心, 北京 100015
  • 6中国人民解放军总医院第五医学中心, 北京 100039
通讯作者:
宋鑫华, Tel: 86-10-83971623, E-mail:
王伽伯, E-mail:
作者简介:

作者贡献:

黄秀勤负责实验方案的设计与操作、数据处理与文章撰稿; 李想、尹东豪、耿嘉豪、崔渺、罗莎、商子梦和王梓萱负责实验动物、Western blot实验的操作与数据分析; 柏兆方、张秋云为HQS的处方分析、给药及文章修改提供了指导; 宋鑫华和王伽伯为本研究提供了课题设计、基金支持与论文修改。

The therapeutic effects and mechanisms of Hu Qi San in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma based on the sgp19-KRas mouse model
Xiu-qin HUANG1, 2, 3, Xiang LI2, Dong-hao YIN4, Jia-hao GENG2, Miao CUI2, Sha LUO1, 2, Zi-meng SHANG5, Zhao-fang BAI6, Zi-xuan WANG2, Qiu-yun ZHANG2, Xin-hua SONG2, 3, * , Jia-bo WANG2, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1School of Pharmacy/School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611130, China
  • 2School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
  • 3Collaborative Research and Translational Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Infectious and Severe Liver Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
  • 4Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
  • 5Center for Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
  • 6The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100039, China
出版时间: 2025-06-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0343
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肝内胆管癌(intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, ICC) 是仅次于肝癌的第二大原发性肝癌, 近年来发病率逐年上升, 但目前并无有效治疗药物。槲芪散(Hu Qi San, HQS) 是全国名老中医钱英教授在临床实践多年的经验方剂, 对慢性病毒性肝炎和原发性肝癌临床疗效确切, 但是HQS在ICC上的基础研究目前仍是空白。基于此, 本研究选用具有典型ICC样病变的sgp19-KRas小鼠肝原位ICC模型和QBC-939细胞模型, 在体内外评估了HQS对ICC的治疗效果(本实验所有动物实验均获得首都医科大学实验动物伦理委员会批准, 伦理审查编号为AEEI-2023-138)。首先, 通过结晶紫染色实验和EdU实验检测发现HQS能够抑制QBC-939细胞的增殖与迁移(P < 0.05)。同时, 本研究对sgp19-KRas小鼠模型进行了为期3周的每日20 g·kg-1 HQS灌胃给药治疗, 结果显示HQS可以有效抑制sgp19-KRas小鼠体内ICC的生长与肿瘤细胞增殖, 提高小鼠的生存率。机制上, 本研究通过网络药理学预测发现有303个HQS的活性成分对应的靶点与ICC疾病靶点相重合, 并且这些重合的靶点在Hippo通路显著富集。分子对接结果预测HQS中芒柄花苷、毛异黄酮、没食子酸和二氢槲皮素可以与Yes相关蛋白(Yes-associated protein, YAP) 直接结合, 并且实验验证发现这4种成分对QBC-939细胞存在体外抑制作用。最后, 对sgp19-KRas小鼠给药后肝组织及QBC-939细胞进行q-PCR和免疫蛋白印迹检测证实, HQS可抑制Hippo通路下游蛋白YAP的转录, 下调YAP的表达, 并抑制YAP下游基因的转录, 特别是YAP-Notch通路的活性。综上, 本研究发现HQS对ICC有潜在治疗作用, 并且其作用机制与YAP-Notch通路密切相关。

槲芪散  /  肝内胆管癌  /  Hippo信号通路  /  Yes相关蛋白  /  Notch信号通路

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), the second most common primary liver malignancy after hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), has seen a dramatic rise in incidence in recent years without effective therapeutic drugs. Hu Qi San (HQS), an empirical formula developed by professor Qian Ying, a renowned traditional Chinese medicine expert, through years of clinical practice, has demonstrated clinical efficacy in chronic viral hepatitis and primary hepatocellular carcinoma. However, fundamental research on HQS for ICC remains uncleared. Thus, this study utilized a sgp19-KRas mouse model with typical ICC-like lesions and a QBC-939 cell model to evaluate the therapeutic effects of HQS on ICC in vitro and in vivo and elucidate its underlying mechanisms. First, crystal violet staining and EdU assays revealed that HQS significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of QBC-939 cells (P < 0.05). Subsequently, sgp19-KRas mice were treated with daily oral administration of 20 g·kg-1 HQS for three weeks. Results demonstrated that HQS effectively suppressed ICC growth and tumor cell proliferation in sgp19-KRas mice, while improving survival rates. Mechanistically, network pharmacology analysis predicted 303 overlapping targets between HQS's active components and ICC-related disease targets, with significant enrichment in the Hippo signaling pathway. The molecular docking results predicted that ononin, calycosin, gallic acid, and taxifolin in HQS can directly bind to Yes-associated protein (YAP). Experimental validation further demonstrated that these four components exhibit in vitro inhibitory effects on QBC-939 cells. Subsequent q-PCR and Western blot analyses of liver tissues from treated sgp19-KRas mice confirmed that HQS inhibited the transcription of YAP, downregulated YAP protein expression, and suppressed the transcription of YAP downstream genes, particularly those in the YAP-Notch pathway. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that HQS exhibits potential therapeutic effects on ICC, and its mechanism of action is closely associated with the YAP-Notch signaling pathway.

Hu Qi San formula  /  intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma  /  Hippo pathway  /  Yes-associated protein  /  Notch pathway
黄秀勤, 李想, 尹东豪, 耿嘉豪, 崔渺, 罗莎, 商子梦, 柏兆方, 王梓萱, 张秋云, 宋鑫华, 王伽伯. 基于sgp19-KRas小鼠模型探讨槲芪散对肝内胆管癌的治疗作用及机制. 药学学报, 2025 , 60 (6) : 1710 -1720 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0343
Xiu-qin HUANG, Xiang LI, Dong-hao YIN, Jia-hao GENG, Miao CUI, Sha LUO, Zi-meng SHANG, Zhao-fang BAI, Zi-xuan WANG, Qiu-yun ZHANG, Xin-hua SONG, Jia-bo WANG. The therapeutic effects and mechanisms of Hu Qi San in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma based on the sgp19-KRas mouse model[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2025 , 60 (6) : 1710 -1720 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0343
肝内胆管癌(intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, ICC) 是仅次于肝癌的第二大原发性肝癌, 其发病率占原发性肝癌的10%~15%[1], 5年内生存率低至9%[2], 是一种致死率极高的恶性肿瘤。由于ICC疾病发展迅速, 70%患者在确诊时往往已经进入了晚期, 仅有30%~40%的患者符合手术条件, 但术后复发率高达40%~80%[3]。目前, 吉西他滨联合顺铂是ICC的一线治疗方案, 但其效果有限[4]。因此, 亟需发现ICC的新型治疗方案。
槲芪散(Hu Qi San, HQS) 是由全国名老中医钱英教授经复方软肝煎改良后的用于治疗原发性肝癌(primary liver cancer, PLC) 的经验方[5-8], 由槲寄生、生黄芪、丹参、郁金、莪术、蛇舌草、水红花子和苦参8味药组成, 整方利湿解毒通络消癥, 同时兼顾调补肝肾, 可用于PLC进展的各个阶段。一项对297例原发性肝癌患者的回顾性临床研究发现, HQS能够提高患者累积生存率, 同时降低原发性肝癌患者的复发率与转移率, 特别是在早期肝癌患者中疗效更加明显[9]。对于晚期PLC患者而言, 与单用对症的西药治疗相比, 联合HQS用药的晚期原发性肝癌患者临床症状得到明显改善, 生活质量提高, 肝功能损害程度减轻[6]。此外, 在联合介入化疗栓塞术(TACE) 治疗肝癌上, HQS可以减轻TACE的不良反应, 改善患者生存质量, 延长生存时间[10]。根据异病同治的特点, HQS还用于慢性乙型病毒性肝炎的临床治疗, 在保肝降酶和抑制病毒复制方面有明显疗效[11], 同时实验发现HQS还可以逆转四氯化碳诱导的肝纤维化, 减少胶原沉积[12]。HQS临床应用广泛, 疗效显著, 且无明显不良反应, 现已成为“十二五”国家科技支撑计划课题“名老中医特色有效方药传承研究”遴选的有效方剂之一。
HQS在原发性肝癌上的临床疗效确切, 但是目前对于HQS的作用机制研究大多聚焦在其如何逆转肝癌癌前病变上, 对于其在ICC上的疗效以及作用机制并不清楚。其中, 缺乏肿瘤微环境完整的原发ICC动物模型是制约HQS在ICC中作用研究的关键因素。本研究采用的sgp19-KRas模型是一种非遗传谱系的基因编辑ICC原位模型, 该模型是基于高压水动力转染技术将质粒导入到肝脏中, 在肝细胞内进行基因敲除(p19) 同时发生基因突变(KRas/G12D), 可诱发ICC样病变[13]。与传统转基因模型(成瘤周期4~8个月) 相比, 可利用睡美人转座子酶(sleeping beauty transposase, SB) 介导致癌基因的基因组整合, 将成瘤时间缩短至1~4周, 并且成瘤率高, 稳定性好。而且该模型能够较好地模拟人体发病过程, ICC发病过程中部分细胞癌变进而发展成肿瘤, 此模型将2%~10%的基因最终整合到肝细胞中, 由这部分基因编辑肝细胞增殖形成肿瘤。此外, 与裸鼠皮下瘤模型不同, 该肿瘤模型利用免疫系统完整小鼠, 其原位肿瘤的发生能有效模拟肿瘤微环境中的免疫细胞状态, 也是研究ICC肿瘤免疫及肿瘤微环境变化的优势模型。总而言之, 应用高压水动力转染技术可实现在小鼠体内诱导的多种原发性ICC模型[14-20], 且造模时间短, 模型稳定, 操作便捷, 是研究ICC作用机制的有效工具。本研究使用的sgp19-KRas模型能够显著诱导胆管上皮细胞样癌变的产生, 同时又能很好地模拟ICC的发病进程及肿瘤微环境情况, 为HQS在ICC中的作用研究提供动物模型支持。
综上, HQS在治疗原发性肝癌上临床疗效确切, 但对于其在ICC中的治疗作用及具体机制并不清楚。因此, 本研究将HQS作为研究对象, 采用sgp19-KRas驱动的小鼠原位肝内胆管癌模型, 探究HQS治疗肝内胆管癌的作用及机制。
细胞   本实验采用的QBC-939的ICC细胞系是解放军总医院第五医学中心放射科段学章团队所赠。sgp19-KRas原代ICC细胞系(SK) 是从sgp19-KRas小鼠肝脏中提取而来, 在含10%胎牛血清(FBS) 及1%双抗的DMEM高糖培养基中培养, 细胞在含5% CO2的37 ℃无菌孵箱中孵育。
动物   本实验所用7~8周龄C57BL/6J雄性小鼠均购自斯贝福生物技术有限公司, 并在SPF级环境中饲养。本研究中涉及的所有动物经首都医科大学动物伦理委员会批准, 实验动物伦理编号为AEEI-2023-138。所有动物均遵循实验动物管理指南与实验动物管理条例, 尽可能将实验动物的不安与痛苦以及实验动物的数量减至最少。
试剂   RNA提取试剂盒FastPure® Cell/Tissue Total RNA Isolation Kit V2 (RC112-01)、逆转录试剂盒HiScript IV RT SuperMix for qPCR (R423) 及qPCR MIX试剂Taq Pro Universal SYBR qPCR Master Mix (Q712) 均购自南京诺唯赞生物技术公司; DMEM高糖培养基(E600003-0500)、细胞培养用血清(E600001-0500) 均购自生工生物工程(上海) 股份有限公司; BeyoClickTM EdU-488细胞增殖检测试剂盒(C0071S) 购自碧云天生物技术研究所; 胶原酶(C5138) 购自德国默克集团旗下Sigma-Aldrich公司; 细胞角蛋白19 (cytokeratin 19, CK19) 抗体(ab133496) 购自Abcam (上海) 贸易有限公司; 核增殖抗原Ki-67抗体(GB11141) 购自武汉赛维尔生物科技有限公司; 增殖细胞核抗原(proliferating cell nuclear antigen, PCNA) 抗体(AF0239) 购自常州市祥泰生物技术有限公司; GAPDH (10494-1-AP) 和Yes相关蛋白(Yes-associated protein, YAP) 1 (13584-1-AP) 购自武汉三鹰生物技术有限公司; YAP/TAZ (8418S)、β-actin (4970T) 与Jagged1 (70109S) 均购自美国Cell Signaling Technology公司。
仪器   全自动化学发光仪(5200 Muti) 购自中国天能科技有限公司; 离心机(Centrifuge 5810R) 购自德国Eppendorf公司; 荧光定量q-PCR仪(QuantStudio 6 Flex) 与恒温孵箱(Series 8000 DH) 购自美国赛默飞世尔科技公司; 普通倒置显微镜(DMIL) 购自德国徕卡显微系统有限公司; 倒置荧光显微镜(Ti-s) 购自日本尼康株式会社; 4~20 ℃冰箱(BCD-539WT) 和-80 ℃超低温冰箱(DW-86L 728J) 均购自中国海尔集团有限公司。
复方HQS水提物的制备   按照以下配比称量槲寄生30 g, 生黄芪30 g, 丹参20 g, 郁金10 g, 莪术6 g, 蛇舌草20 g, 水红花子6 g, 苦参6 g, 一共128 g生药。在药材中依次加入8倍量和6倍量的水煎煮2次, 第1次加水需先浸泡30 min, 将两次煮沸后的药液收集到一起, 过滤, 放冷, 滤液浓缩, 得浸膏, 将浸膏放入烘箱中干燥, 最后粉碎成粉末, 计算每克水提物含生药粉含量, 最后每克提取物相当于3.88克生药, 后续取用的提取物的量都换算为对应处方生药量, 以下对于HQS给药量的单位描述均为生药量。
动物用HQS药液配制   将HQS称取适量, 置于50 mL离心管中, 加入纯净水配成混悬液, 水浴加热50 ℃, 10 min, 促进提取物的溶解。
细胞用HQS母液配制   将HQS称取适量, 置于2 mL离心管中, 加入无血清培养基配成1 g·mL-1混悬液, 并在60 ℃水浴10 min, 以促进HQS溶解。
小鼠造模注射用质粒溶液的配制   提取出来的sgp19、KRas及SB质粒按照每20克小鼠sgp19 (10 μg)、KRas (25 μg)、SB (5 μg) 的比例, 加入2 mL生理盐水进行稀释, 稀释后用0.22 μm过滤器滤过, 注射前放在4 ℃或者冰上保存。
SK细胞的提取   将sgp19-KRas小鼠处死并在超净台中取出肝肿瘤组织, 在含EDTA的HBSS中清洗、切碎。组织碎片转移至含0.625 mg·mL-1胶原酶的20 mL HBSS中,37 ℃孵育30 min。接着将细胞混悬液经100 μm的滤网过滤, 1 000 r·min-1离心5 min, 收集细胞, 最后将细胞接种至10 cm培养皿中, 每3天更换一次培养基。
结晶紫染色法检测细胞存活率   将细胞接种至24孔板中, 过夜培养待细胞贴壁。第二天设置6个给药浓度, 每个给药浓度设置4个重复, 经药物作用48 h后, 弃上清, 并用PBS洗去漂浮的死细胞, 加入含5%结晶紫的无水乙醇, 作用10 min, 洗涤后在570 nm处检测其吸光度值, 最后用GraphPad Prism 9.0计算细胞IC50值。
EdU实验检测QBC-939细胞增殖能力   将细胞接种至6孔板, 待细胞贴壁后, 配制浓度为23.5 mg·mL-1的HQS处理, 48 h后, 加入终浓度为10 μmol·L-1 EdU, 2 h后加入4%多聚甲醛固定, 2% BSA的PBS洗涤液洗去固定液, 加入0.3% Triton X-100的PBS通透液, 15 min静置, 去除通透液, 洗涤2~3遍, 加入Click Additive Solution, 孵育30 min, 进行细胞核Hoechst染色, 洗涤后每孔加入1 mL Cyto-last荧光保护剂。最后在荧光显微镜下检测, Hoechst+呈蓝色, EdU+呈绿色, 在Image J上对绿色荧光细胞数和蓝色荧光细胞数进行统计, EdU+细胞占比=绿色荧光细胞数/蓝色荧光细胞数×100%。
划痕实验检测QBC-939细胞的迁移能力   将6孔板做好分区标记, 将细胞接种至6孔板中, 接种密度大概为80%~90%, 将培养基换成无血清的培养基, 细胞饥饿处理2天。2天后用10 μL枪尖对细胞进行划痕处理, PBS清洗后, 加入HQS, 之后分别在显微镜下拍照记录不同时间段的同一分区内划痕的宽度变化, 并用GraphPad Prism对得到的数据进行统计、分析与作图。
Western blot检测蛋白表达水平   在细胞或组织中加入含蛋白酶和磷酸酶抑制剂的RIPA裂解液提取蛋白, 用BCA法进行蛋白定量, 加入对应体积的5×上样缓冲液, 105 ℃条件下煮样15 min。配胶后进行上样处理, 每孔上样20~30 μg, 随后进行电泳、转膜、封闭、孵抗体、曝光, 处理和保存相应的蛋白条带, 最后以β-actin或GAPDH为内参, 用Image J对不同条带的灰度值进行统计、分析及校正误差。
sgp19-KRas ICC小鼠造模以及给药   sgp19-KRas小鼠是应用流体动力学基因递送技术将质粒通过尾静脉导入小鼠肝内致癌的模型小鼠。具体而言, 是上述稀释好的质粒溶液通过尾静脉导入小鼠肝脏, 注射时保证匀速7 s内全部注射进小鼠血管内。造模2~3周, 对小鼠进行取材, 观察小鼠肝脏肿瘤生长情况。待肿瘤发生后, 将sgp19-KRas小鼠分为2组, 一组给予HQS水提物(20 g·kg-1) 灌胃处理(HQS给药组), 另一组作为模型对照观察(模型组), 其中, HQS给药剂量参照临床成人给药剂量[6, 11, 21]并根据小鼠与人之间的剂量换算比例进行计算得出。给药3周后, 对小鼠进行处死、取材, 记录小鼠肝重和体重。与sgp19-KRas模型组作对照的正常组小鼠, 一组3只(即normal liver), 除正常饮食外不做任何处理。
RT-qPCR检测SK细胞与组织YAP/Notch信号通路相关基因的转录水平   将给药后的SK肝脏肿瘤组织按照诺唯赞RNA提取试剂盒说明书进行提取与纯化, 将提取到的RNA逆转录为cDNA, 最后根据诺唯赞RT-qPCR说明书加入PCR体系, 设置PCR程序并上机检测。数据分析则采用相对定量法, GAPDH或外源mRNA作为内参, 采用2-△△Ct方法计算各mRNA的相对表达。所有引物序列由上海生工有限公司合成, 序列信息详见表1。
H&E及免疫组化染色检测给药后sgp19-KRas小鼠肝组织病理变化   小鼠肝脏标本经4%多聚甲醛固定, 每组随机取3只小鼠肝脏肿瘤组织进行石蜡包埋、切片, 加入柠檬酸钠进行抗原修复, 用含3% BSA溶液封闭30 min。加入一抗在4 ℃冰箱中过夜孵育, 漂洗3次, 加入二抗孵育50 min, 加入DAB显色剂, 使用苏木素复染3 min左右, 最后脱水、封片, 上机扫描。
网络药理学分析与分子对接   利用UPLC-MS质谱分析方法确定HQS中的化学成分, 化学成分的筛选标准为鉴定水平1级置信水平, HPLC ≥ 98, 有CAS号, smiles字符数小于200, 类药性五规则需满足3个以上。根据无毒性和LM得分, 最终保留17个成分进行网络药理学分析。接着, 使用SwissTargetPrediction、SEA数据库以及相关文献预测成分的潜在靶点, 将HQS潜在靶点与文献收集得到的药物靶点进行整理, 并且与GeneCards和OMIM数据库中ICC的疾病靶点进行比对, 对重合的靶点进行KEGG与GO富集分析, 得到潜在调控的通路。对该通路核心靶点用alpha-fold进行蛋白结构预测, 对活性成分进行Pubchem结构预测, 最后用CD-DOCK 2工具进行分子对接, 筛选结合能≤ -5 kcal·mol-1的活性成分。
统计学方法   采用GraphPad Prism 9.0对各实验结果进行统计分析, 并作图。各实验均独立重复3次, 计量资料用均数±标准差(x±s) 的形式表示。对于多组间的数据比较, 采用单因素方差分析方法; 而对于两组之间的比较, 则选用独立样本t检验。设定显著性水平为α = 0.05, 当P < 0.05时, 认为存在统计学差异。
本文首先就HQS在体外对ICC细胞增殖的影响进行检测, 利用结晶紫染色法测定HQS给药48 h后的细胞存活率。结果显示, 随着HQS浓度的升高, QBC-939细胞存活率显著下降, 经计算得出HQS对QBC-939细胞的IC50为23.5 mg·mL-1 (图1A)。因此, 本研究后续实验均选用23.5 mg·mL-1 HQS水提物进行药物干预, 干预时间为48 h。为了更直观地检测HQS对QBC-939细胞增殖能力的影响, 本研究在HQS给药后, 加入EdU对增殖的ICC细胞进行标记, 免疫荧光结果显示, 给予HQS处理48 h后, EdU+细胞占比明显下降(图1B、C), 提示HQS可以显著抑制QBC-939细胞的增殖。此外, 本研究继续应用划痕实验检测QBC-939细胞在HQS处理后的迁移能力, 结果显示, 24及48 h后HQS组的细胞迁移率显著低于对照组(图1D、E), 表明HQS对ICC肿瘤细胞的迁移能力有显著抑制作用。综上, 实验结果表明HQS体外给药可以显著抑制QBC-939细胞的增殖与迁移。
上述实验已验证HQS在体外的抗肿瘤作用, 本研究进一步在体内验证HQS对ICC的治疗效果, 为此本研究构建了sgp19-KRas的ICC小鼠原位模型, 模型构建方法详见课题组已发表的文章[13, 22]。简而言之, 将KRas/G12D突变的过表达质粒, 靶向P19基因进行敲除的sgp19质粒以及睡美人转座子酶质粒按照一定比例混合, 通过高压尾静脉注射导入小鼠肝脏中, 进而诱导ICC的发生与发展[13]。确定ICC肿瘤生长后, 对肿瘤生长的ICC小鼠分组并给予HQS处理, 给药3周后, 处死小鼠, 并对小鼠肝重进行统计(图2A)。统计结果显示, HQS组体重与对照组无差异, 说明本研究使用的给药剂量在安全范围内, 肝重显著低于对照组, 提示HQS能够显著抑制sgp19-KRas小鼠肿瘤的生长(图2B)。同时, 本研究对小鼠肝脏H&E染色结果中对应的肿瘤面积进行统计, 结果显示HQS给药组的肿瘤面积显著低于对照组。为了进一步确定HQS对ICC细胞生长的抑制作用, 对sgp19-KRas小鼠肝组织切片进行CK19染色, CK19是胆管上皮细胞的标志物, 可表征肝脏ICC肿瘤区域。IHC组化结果显示, 与对照组相比, HQS给药组的肿瘤组织内的CK19阳性面积占比显著降低(图2C、D), 提示HQS能够显著抑制肿瘤生长。最后, 为了确认HQS对小鼠生存率的影响, 同时对小鼠进行了生存曲线分析, 结果显示, 4.5 w时HQS组的生存率为100%, 此时模型组仅有约16.6%的小鼠存活, 5.7 w后对照组全部死亡, HQS组仍有80%的小鼠处于生存期阶段(图2E)。以上结果表明HQS给药后, 能够显著抑制sgp19-KRas小鼠体内肿瘤生长, 提高小鼠生存率。
为了确认HQS是否抑制了sgp19-KRas模型中ICC细胞的增殖, 本研究对表征细胞增殖的指标Ki-67进行免疫组化染色。Ki-67染色结果显示, HQS组Ki-67+细胞占比显著下降(图3A、B), 即给药后, 增殖的ICC细胞比率降低, 提示HQS能够通过显著抑制细胞增殖来延缓ICC的发展。为了验证HQS是否抑制细胞的增殖相关通路, 本研究在QBC-939细胞内检测了细胞增殖通路PCNA的蛋白表达水平。Western blot的结果显示, 给予HQS后, PCNA的表达显著下调(图3C), 细胞的增殖受到明显抑制。
接下来, 本研究对HQS发挥作用的潜在作用机制进行了探索。首先, 本研究应用UPLC-MS质谱分析方法确定了HQS复方中的成分, 并且根据这些成分的潜在靶点与GeneCards和OMIM数据库中现有的ICC疾病靶点进行比对, 发现二者有303个靶点相重合(图4A), 对这些靶点进行KEGG和GO富集分析, 结果显示Hippo通路被显著富集(图4B、C)。分子对接结果显示, HQS中有4种活性成分与Hippo通路的核心靶点YAP结合较好, 结合能均≤ -5.00 kcal·mol-1, 这些成分分别是: 芒柄花苷(-7.3 kcal·mol-1)、毛异黄酮(-6.2 kcal·mol-1)、没食子酸(-5 kcal·mol-1) 和双氢槲皮素(-6.5 kcal·mol-1) (图4D)。以上结果表明, HQS可能对Hippo通路具有调控作用, 而且HQS中的4种成分理论上可以与YAP直接相结合。
为了探究HQS中的这4种成分对ICC细胞是否存在抑制作用, 本研究在体外对QBC-939细胞进行了48 h的给药测试, 结果显示, 芒柄花苷、毛异黄酮、没食子酸和双氢槲皮素在体外均可以抑制QBC-939细胞的生长, 且呈剂量依赖关系(图4E)。根据给药后的细胞存活率计算IC50值, 结果表明, 这4种成分中芒柄花苷与毛异黄酮的IC50值较小, 提示HQS中的这两种成分对QBC-939细胞较为敏感。于是, 为了验证这几种成分对YAP蛋白的调控作用, 本研究利用这两种成分在体外进行给药, 并检测YAP蛋白的表达。结果显示, 芒柄花苷与毛异黄酮给药后YAP的表达水平显著下调(图4F~H), 提示芒柄花苷与毛异黄酮对YAP的表达水平存在潜在的调控作用。
研究发现, Hippo通路的激活可以有效抑制ICC的发生[23], 特别是YAP1或者TEAD的缺失可以显著抑制肝细胞向胆管上皮细胞的重编程, 进而抑制ICC肿瘤的发生。结合上述网络药理学与分子对接结果, 本研究猜测HQS可能激活了Hippo通路, 特别是影响了Hippo通路下游效应蛋白YAP的表达, 因此对HQS给药后的sgp19-KRas小鼠肝组织内Yap1的mRNA水平进行检测, 结果发现sgp19-KRas小鼠肝组织内Yap1的mRNA水平显著下调(图5A)。同时, HQS给药后, QBC-939细胞和sgp19-KRas小鼠肝组织的YAP蛋白表达显著降低(图5B、C)。TAZ是YAP的旁系同源物, 两者分别与TEADs形成复合物, 促进下游基因的转录。因此, 本研究还检测了YAP/TAZ的表达含量, 结果显示, 给予HQS后, 小鼠TAZ的表达同样被显著下调(图5B、D), 提示HQS可能抑制了YAP下游基因的转录。为了进一步验证HQS给药后抑制了YAP信号通路激活, 本研究在小鼠肿瘤组织中检测了YAP通路经典的下游基因Cyr61、Notch1和Notch2的mRNA水平。结果显示, 与模型组相比, HQS组的Cyr61、Notch1和Notch2的mRNA水平显著下调(图5E)。此外, 为了进一步探究HQS对YAP下游Notch信号通路的影响, 本研究同时检测了Notch1配体Jagged1的蛋白水平。Western blot结果显示, HQS给药后, Jagged1的表达显著下调, 提示Notch通路的活性受到抑制(图5F、G)。
基于前述HQS中的芒柄花苷与毛异黄酮对YAP表达的调控作用, 为了进一步探究这两种成分是否会影响Notch通路中Jagged1的表达, 本研究对芒柄花苷与毛异黄酮给药后的QBC-939细胞进行了Western blot检测, 结果显示, 芒柄花苷与毛异黄酮高浓度(80 μmol·L-1) 处理的QBC-939细胞中Jagged1的蛋白表达水平显著下调(图5H~J)。
以上结果表明, HQS以及HQS中的芒柄花苷和毛异黄酮可通过下调Hippo通路效应因子YAP的表达, 进而抑制YAP下游基因的转录, 特别是Notch信号通路的激活。
肝内胆管癌是仅次于肝癌的第二大原发性肝癌, 因为发病率高、致死率高和治疗方式有限等多种原因, 目前被认为是难以治愈的恶性肿瘤之一。吉西他滨联合顺铂是目前临床公认的ICC一线用药, 但是二者联合给药效果有限, 中位生存期仅有11.7个月, 无进展生存期为8个月[4]。因此, 亟需对ICC有效的治疗方案。
HQS是来源于临床的用于治疗肝癌经验用方, 其临床安全性、有效性显著, 但是目前对于HQS在ICC上的治疗作用及机制尚不明确。本研究发现, HQS在体外给药可以显著抑制QBC-939细胞的生长、增殖和迁移, 且呈剂量依赖关系。与此同时, 本研究在小鼠体内验证了HQS对肝内胆管癌的疗效, 发现HQS可以抑制ICC的生长, 提高小鼠生存率。值得注意的是, 本研究通过网络药理学以及分子对接预测, Western blot和q-PCR实验结果验证发现了HQS的作用机制, 即HQS通过抑制Hippo通路的下游效应基因Yap1的转录, 进而下调YAP下游靶向癌基因的转录, 特别Notch通路的相关基因, 如Notch1和Notch2的表达, 从而抑制Notch通路的激活。YAP是已知的能够促进ICC发生和发展的癌蛋白, 在ICC的发生与发展中充当着重要角色, 一方面, 对细胞外基质(extracellular matrix, ECM) 而言, 黏着斑激酶(focal adhesion kinase, FAK) 与ECM蛋白多糖(agrin) 作为组织与ECM硬度信号可通过促进YAP的活化诱导ICC的发生[24, 25], 另一方面, Hippo通路与Notch通路的交联通过YAP来调节, 而且Notch通路的活化可以进一步促进YAP的转录与表达, 有研究表明Notch可通过YAP/TEAD-DNMT1轴促进肝细胞向胆管上皮细胞转化, 从而促进ICC的发生[26]。本研究对HQS在YAP-Notch信号通路上的调控作用进行了初步的探索, 此外, 有研究表明HQS还可以减少胶原蛋白的沉积, 逆转CCl4诱导的肝纤维化[12], 后续从YAP对细胞外基质与肿瘤相关成纤维细胞的调控角度或许可以找到HQS在“活血散结”上的机制解释。
此外, 本研究通过分子对接发现HQS中4种活性成分芒柄花苷、毛异黄酮、没食子酸和双氢槲皮素可能与YAP蛋白存在直接作用, 其中, 对QBC-939细胞较敏感的芒柄花苷与毛异黄酮对YAP以及YAP下游的Notch通路存在潜在调控作用。芒柄花苷是一种异黄酮类化合物, 常存在于豆科植物如黄芪、甘草、葛根中。有研究表明, 芒柄花苷可抑制肺癌细胞与乳腺癌细胞的增殖、迁移与侵袭[27, 28], 而且还通过抑制上皮间质转化(epithelial-mesenchymal transition, EMT) 的进程来阻滞三阴性乳腺癌的肺转移[27], 此外芒柄花苷还可通过抑制缺氧诱导因子HIF-1α的表达, 增强肺癌细胞放疗敏感性[29]。毛异黄酮是芒柄花苷的苷元, 也是一种异黄酮类化合物, 有研究表明其可以通过促进β脂肪酸氧化来缓解非酒精性肝炎[30], 同时毛异黄酮也可以诱导肿瘤细胞发生铁死亡[31]。没食子酸是一种酚酸类化合物, 常见于含鞣质的中药中, 有研究证实其可以通过抑制Hippo通路来抑制食管癌的进展[32], 在前列腺癌、结肠癌和食管癌中展现出治疗潜力[33-35]。双氢槲皮素又称二氢槲皮素或者紫杉叶素, 是一种黄酮类化合物, 有研究表明其可以逆转EMT进程, 抑制乳腺癌细胞与黑色素瘤细胞的增殖、迁移与侵袭[36-38]。本研究发现, HQS中的这4种天然化合物具有潜在抗ICC的作用, 其中芒柄花苷与毛异黄酮可以下调YAP的表达, 并抑制Notch通路的活化。后续可继续在sgp19-KRas模型中验证其药效以及作用机制, 并且与复方HQS进行比较, 以寻求应对ICC的更有效的治疗方案。
综上所述, 本研究发现HQS无论是在体内还是体外均可以抑制ICC细胞的增殖, 而且通过网络药理学和分子对接实验结果得到了HQS作用的潜在通路Hippo通路以及潜在活性成分芒柄花苷、毛异黄酮、没食子酸和双氢槲皮素, 最后通过q-PCR以及免疫印迹实验证实, HQS给药后能够显著下调Hippo通路中YAP的转录与表达, 并且进一步抑制YAP下游Notch通路的激活。目前, 免疫联合治疗成为攻克肝癌最具前景的发展方向, 后续将对HQS单独及其与免疫联合抗ICC的疗效进行研究, 并对HQS如何抑制YAP/Notch信号通路抗ICC进行深入研究, 以期为指导临床精准用药提供参考。

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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0343
  • 接收时间:2025-03-25
  • 首发时间:2026-09-20
  • 出版时间:2025-06-12
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-25
  • 修回日期:2025-04-27
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    1成都中医药大学药学院/现代中药产业学院, 四川 成都 611130
    2首都医科大学中医药学院, 北京 100069
    3首都医科大学, 中医药防治传染性重症肝病研究与转化联合实验室, 北京 100069
    4首都医科大学附属佑安医院, 北京 100069
    5首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院中西医结合中心, 北京 100015
    6中国人民解放军总医院第五医学中心, 北京 100039

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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