Article(id=1308467641027416948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308467640138227885, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0342, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1743091200000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-28, revisedDate=1747238400000, revisedDateStr=2025-05-15, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789892595774, onlineDateStr=2026-09-20, pubDate=1760198400000, pubDateStr=2025-10-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789892595774, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789892595774, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789892595774, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1308467640138227885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2025', volume='60', issue='10', pageStart='2913', pageEnd='3262', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1760198400000', pubDateStr='2025-10-12', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789892595562, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789893273356, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1308470483071033443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308467640138227885, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1308470483071033444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308467640138227885, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2933, endPage=2943, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1308467641258103669, articleId=1308467641027416948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Research progress on the relationship between macrophage lipid droplet load and inflammatory phenotype, columnId=1190335348648547107, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Reviews, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Macrophages, as the main effector cells of innate immune response, exist in all tissues in the body, has become a new target of immunotherapy because of their high plasticity. Lipid droplets are storage organelles related to fat metabolism and energy homeostasis, but they are not simple lipid reservoirs, but multi-functional organelles with active metabolism. Recent studies have found that lipid droplets, as a hub integrating metabolism and inflammation, play a central role in the regulation of macrophage inflammatory phenotype. This article reviews the relationship and regulation mechanism between macrophage inflammatory phenotype and lipid droplet loading. Based on the regulation and main mechanism analysis of lipid droplet loading on macrophage inflammatory phenotype in atherosclerosis, tumor, tuberculosis and other inflammatory diseases, it discusses the therapeutic potential of regulating targeted lipid droplet loaded macrophages in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
, authors=Lu GAN, Ran DENG
*, Xiao-yue ZHANG, Rui-han WEI, authorsList=Lu GAN, Ran DENG, Xiao-yue ZHANG, Rui-han WEI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Ran DENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1308467642159879034, articleId=1308467641027416948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=巨噬细胞脂滴负载与炎症表型关系研究进展, columnId=1190335349655180086, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=综述, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
巨噬细胞作为先天性免疫反应主要效应细胞, 存在于体内所有组织, 因其高度可塑性已成为免疫治疗新靶点。脂滴是脂质代谢及能量稳态中心的存储细胞器, 但其并非简单脂质贮存库, 而是代谢活跃的多功能细胞器。近来研究发现脂滴作为整合代谢和炎症枢纽, 在巨噬细胞炎症表型调控中发挥核心作用。本文对巨噬细胞炎症表型和脂滴负载的联系与调控机制加以综述, 基于动脉粥样硬化、肿瘤、结核病等多种炎症性疾病中脂滴负载对巨噬细胞炎症表型的调控和主要机制分析, 探讨调控靶向脂滴负载的巨噬细胞在炎症性疾病治疗中的治疗潜力。
, authors=干露, 邓然
*, 张晓月, 魏芮晗, authorsList=干露, 邓然, 张晓月, 魏芮晗, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=邓然, authorNote=
作者贡献:
干露负责文章撰写及文章修改润色; 邓然提供文章的方向和思路及文章修改; 张晓月、魏芮晗负责文章撰写及图片绘制。
, correspAuthorsNote=
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κB and arachidonic acid pathways [J]. Mediators Inflamm, 2021, 2021: 5595520., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1308499641403015782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308467641027416948, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308499641411404391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308467641027416948, companyId=1308499641403015782, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308499641419793000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308467641027416948, companyId=1308499641403015782, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=安徽中医药大学中西医结合学院, 安徽 合肥 230012)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1308499645119169159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308467641027416948, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=YUzkFFv0Z1OtFPuT/6iTKQ==, figureFileBig=EuBvsm04T8WJUd+z7cTp9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308499645190472328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308467641027416948, language=CN, label=Fig.1, caption=
Macrophage polarization typing and inflammatory diseases. Macrophages polarize into different types (M1 and M2) under the stimulation of various microenvironments, with key inducing factors, changes in biological processes during polarization, functional characteristics, and related diseases. M1 are activated by IFN-γ, LPS, etc., which activate pathways such as NF-κB, highly express markers such as CD86 and iNOS, and secrete pro-inflammatory factors (such as IL-6, TNF-α), participating in pro-inflammatory and anti-tumor responses. M2 secrete anti-inflammatory factors (such as IL-10, TGF-β) under the stimulation of IL-4, IL-10, etc., promoting tissue repair and immune regulation. The imbalance of macrophage polarization plays a key role in the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis, tumors, and tuberculosis. NF-κB: Nuclear factor kappa-B; IFN-γ: Interferon-γ; LPS: Lipopolysaccharide; IL: Interleukin; TNF-α: Tumour necrosis factor-α; TGF-β: Transforming growth factor-β; iNOS: Inducible nitric oxide synthase; FAO: Fatty acid oxidation, figureFileSmall=YUzkFFv0Z1OtFPuT/6iTKQ==, figureFileBig=EuBvsm04T8WJUd+z7cTp9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308499645421159049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308467641027416948, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=YQL4QLbLoCnclZ60EILROg==, figureFileBig=f/mdYumVXJA7xjkYGChkFQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308499645484073610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308467641027416948, language=CN, label=Fig.2, caption=
Key metabolic pathways in M1 type macrophages (A), and key metabolic pathways in M2 macrophages (B). A: After LXR interacts with DNA, it inhibits the expression of LDLR through IdoI, thereby suppressing macrophage foamization. The reverse transport of cholesterol is mediated by ABCA1 and ABCG1 to be excreted outside the macrophages, thereby inhibiting macrophage foamization and the formation of AS. PPARγ promotes the uptake of lipids by CD36, affecting the foamization process. At the same time, PPARγ regulates LXR and ABCA1 to affect the lipid metabolism of macrophages. TLR ligands activate the NF-κB pathway, increasing the expression of SREBP-1a, promoting lipid synthesis, the generation of inflammatory cytokines, and the production of anti-inflammatory lipids. The uptake of glucose by macrophages generates acetyl coenzyme A intracellularly. Acetyl coenzyme A enters the mitochondria and promotes lipid synthesis through the TCA cycle; B: In M2 macrophages, STAT6 is activated in response to IL-4. It promotes fatty acid oxidation through pathways such as fatty acid oxidation (such as CPT1), mitochondrial biogenesis (such as PPARγ), and lipid transport (such as CD36). Fatty acids enter the macrophages via lipoproteins and undergo a series of reactions to form fatty acid acyl-CoA. Fatty acid acyl-CoA is then transported into the mitochondria under the mediation of CPT and undergoes FAO. Studies have shown that the M2 polarization of macrophages is closely related to FAO. LDLR: Low density lipoprotein receptor; ABCA1: ATP-binding cassette transporter A1; ABCG1: ATP-binding cassette transporter G1; AS: Atherosclerosis; TLR: Toll-like receptors; STAT6: Signal transducer and activator of transcription 6; CPT1: Carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1, figureFileSmall=YQL4QLbLoCnclZ60EILROg==, figureFileBig=f/mdYumVXJA7xjkYGChkFQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308499645559571083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308467641027416948, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Disease | Mechanism | Treatment |
| Atherosclerosis | When the LDL or cholesterol lipid absorbed by macrophages exceeds their phagocytic clearance capacity, it will lead to a large number of accumulated necrosis and lipid release of foam cells, and eventually form plaque necrosis cores | By regulating macrophage polarization for prevention and targeted therapy of AS, for example, curcumin achieves anti-AS effects by upregulating PPARγ expression |
| Tumor | The effects of lipid droplets on tumors mainly involve cytotoxic stress, ER homeostasis disorders, oxidative and hunger related stress, promoting the proliferation and migration of cancer cells | The combination therapy of targeted lipid metabolism therapy and targeted immunity may enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy |
| Tuberculosis | Mtb utilizes lipid droplets and cholesterol on the cell membrane to supply itself and maintain the cell wall. M1 macrophages secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species, inhibiting the growth of Mtb, while M2 macrophages promote tissue repair and bacterial persistence, facilitating immune escape of pathogens | By regulating the polarization of macrophages and enhancing the host immune response through lipid droplets, the growth of Mtb is inhibited, such as PLIN-2 C terminal inhibitors |
), ArticleFig(id=1308499645622485644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308467641027416948, language=CN, label=Tab.1, caption=
Regulation of macrophage lipid droplets in the treatment of disease progression
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Disease | Mechanism | Treatment |
| Atherosclerosis | When the LDL or cholesterol lipid absorbed by macrophages exceeds their phagocytic clearance capacity, it will lead to a large number of accumulated necrosis and lipid release of foam cells, and eventually form plaque necrosis cores | By regulating macrophage polarization for prevention and targeted therapy of AS, for example, curcumin achieves anti-AS effects by upregulating PPARγ expression |
| Tumor | The effects of lipid droplets on tumors mainly involve cytotoxic stress, ER homeostasis disorders, oxidative and hunger related stress, promoting the proliferation and migration of cancer cells | The combination therapy of targeted lipid metabolism therapy and targeted immunity may enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy |
| Tuberculosis | Mtb utilizes lipid droplets and cholesterol on the cell membrane to supply itself and maintain the cell wall. M1 macrophages secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species, inhibiting the growth of Mtb, while M2 macrophages promote tissue repair and bacterial persistence, facilitating immune escape of pathogens | By regulating the polarization of macrophages and enhancing the host immune response through lipid droplets, the growth of Mtb is inhibited, such as PLIN-2 C terminal inhibitors |
), ArticleFig(id=1308499645874143885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308467641027416948, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Disease | Related model | Macrophage phenotype | Pathway | Reference |
| Atherosclerosis | ApoE-/- rats Ldr-/- rats | Macrophages tend towards M1 polarization | PPAR/CMA pathway | [31-35] |
| Tumor | C57BL/6 rats BALB/c rats | Macrophages tend towards M2 polarization | IKK/NF-κB pathway miR-2110/HDAC2/PLIN1 axis AMPK/ULK1/autophagy pathway | [3, 36-40] |
| Tuberculosis | LTBI rats | Macrophages tend towards M2 polarization | PPARγ pathway | [41-43] |
), ArticleFig(id=1308499645987390094, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308467641027416948, language=CN, label=Tab.2, caption=
Summary of macrophage polarization characteristics and related molecular pathways in different disease models
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Disease | Related model | Macrophage phenotype | Pathway | Reference |
| Atherosclerosis | ApoE-/- rats Ldr-/- rats | Macrophages tend towards M1 polarization | PPAR/CMA pathway | [31-35] |
| Tumor | C57BL/6 rats BALB/c rats | Macrophages tend towards M2 polarization | IKK/NF-κB pathway miR-2110/HDAC2/PLIN1 axis AMPK/ULK1/autophagy pathway | [3, 36-40] |
| Tuberculosis | LTBI rats | Macrophages tend towards M2 polarization | PPARγ pathway | [41-43] |
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