Article(id=1308816722807841052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308816657934541639, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0324, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1742745600000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-24, revisedDate=1751904000000, revisedDateStr=2025-07-08, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789975823356, onlineDateStr=2026-09-21, pubDate=1768147200000, pubDateStr=2026-01-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789975823356, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789975823356, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789975823356, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1308816657934541639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2026', volume='61', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='320', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1768147200000', pubDateStr='2026-01-12', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789975807888, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789984282344, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1308852202421191556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308816657934541639, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1308852202421191557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308816657934541639, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=163, endPage=172, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1308816723009167645, articleId=1308816722807841052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=The improvement provided by harpagoside on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis in mice, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Harpagoside (HPG) is an iridoid compound derived from Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of HPG on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and elucidate its underlying mechanisms. MASH was induced in mice using a methionine-choline-deficient diet (MCD). The efficacy of HPG in improving MASH was assessed through serum biochemical indexes, liver pathological changes, oxidative stress markers, and inflammatory responses (this experiment was approved by the Laboratory Animal Ethics Committee of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, with approval number PZSHUTCM2305180005). To further explore the mechanism of action, Western blot (WB), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and in vitro cell models were employed. The results demonstrated that HPG (30 and 60 mg·kg-1) significantly mitigated liver damage (P < 0.05, P < 0.001), reduced hepatic lipid accumulation (P < 0.05, P < 0.001), lowered the elevated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) activity score (NAS) (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.001), alleviated hepatic oxidative stress injury, and suppressed hepatic inflammation in MCD-induced MASH mice (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.001). WB and qPCR analyses revealed that HPG promoted the nuclear accumulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in the livers of MCD-fed mice and in AML-12 cells (P < 0.05). Additionally, it reduced the nuclear accumulation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in the livers of MCD-fed mice and in THP-1 cells (P < 0.05). Collectively, these findings suggest that HPG improves MASH through alleviating liver oxidative and inflammatory injury by activating Nrf2 antioxidant signaling pathway and inhibiting NF-κB inflammatory signaling pathway.

, authors=Xiao-yi WANG1, Ke-ke WANG1, Wang-ya JIA1, Jian LI2, 3, Hong XU1, *, Li-li JI1, *, authorsList=Xiao-yi WANG, Ke-ke WANG, Wang-ya JIA, Jian LI, Hong XU, Li-li JI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Hong XU, Li-li JI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2026 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1308816725915820330, articleId=1308816722807841052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=哈巴俄苷改善小鼠代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝炎的研究, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

探究玄参中环烯醚萜类成分哈巴俄苷(harpagoside, HPG) 对代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝炎(metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, MASH) 的改善作用及其潜在机制。采用蛋氨酸-胆碱缺乏饲料(methionine-choline-deficient diet, MCD) 喂养6周诱导小鼠MASH模型, 口服灌胃给药4周, 综合检测血清生化指标、氧应激和炎症指标, 并结合肝脏病理形态变化, 全面评价哈巴俄苷对小鼠MASH的改善作用(本实验获得上海中医药大学实验动物伦理委员会批准, 批准号为PZSHUTCM2305180005)。进一步采用蛋白免疫印记(Western blot, WB)、实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, qPCR) 及体外细胞模型, 深入探究哈巴俄苷改善小鼠MASH的作用机制。结果显示, 哈巴俄苷(30和60 mg·kg-1) 能够显著改善MCD诱导MASH小鼠的肝损伤(P < 0.05, P < 0.001), 有效减轻肝脏脂肪累积(P < 0.05, P < 0.001), 降低升高的非酒精性脂肪性肝病(non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD) 活动性评分(NAFLD activity score, NAS) (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.001), 同时降低肝脏氧应激水平并抑制肝脏炎症(P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.001)。WB及qPCR实验结果表明, 哈巴俄苷能够促进MCD诱导的MASH小鼠肝脏及小鼠AML-12正常肝细胞中核因子E2相关因子2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, Nrf2) 的核转位激活(P < 0.05), 同时抑制小鼠肝脏及THP-1细胞中核因子-κB (nuclear factor kappa B, NF-κB) 的核转位激活(P < 0.05)。以上结果表明, 哈巴俄苷可能通过激活Nrf2抗氧化信号通路, 抵御肝脏氧应激损伤, 并通过抑制NF-κB信号通路缓解炎性反应, 从而发挥改善MASH的药效。

, authors=王筱懿1, 王可可1, 贾王雅1, 李剑2, 3, 徐红1, *, 季莉莉1, *, authorsList=王筱懿, 王可可, 贾王雅, 李剑, 徐红, 季莉莉, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=徐红, 季莉莉, authorNote=

作者贡献:

王筱懿负责完成实验操作、采集数据、分析数据和撰写文章; 王可可负责实验操作、采集和分析数据; 贾王雅负责数据复核和文章的修改; 李剑负责指导完善实验方案; 徐红和季莉莉负责设计、指导和完善实验方案、文章审阅和修改。

, correspAuthorsNote=
季莉莉, Tel: 86-21-51322456, E-mail:
徐红, Tel: 86-21-51322456, E-mail:
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Life Sci, 2021, 284: 119914., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308816736128950669, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308816722807841052, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=30, rfOrder=29, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang KK, Jia WY, Huang ZL, et al. Research progress of the protection provided by traditional Chinese medicine on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease via regulating liver macrophages [J]. Acta Pharm Sin (药学学报), 2024, 59: 801-810., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308816736183476622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308816722807841052, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=31, rfOrder=30, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Shao WB, Zheng JP, Zhao P, et al. Effective-compounds of Jinshui Huanxian formula ameliorates pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting lipid droplet catabolism and thus macrophage M2 polarization [J]. 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A: Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity (n = 6-8); B: Immunohistochemical section (n = 3) (scale bar: 20 μm); C: Statistical chart of F4/80 and Ly6G staining (n = 3). means ± SEM. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs MCS group; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, ###P < 0.001 vs MCD group. F4/80: Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor E1; Ly6G: Lymphocyte antigen 6 family member G, figureFileSmall=8eAkqUvw7Fcx/7IFPLj9xA==, figureFileBig=7j2TAOT/V4aTrgoi4fCbBA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308816731557159268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308816722807841052, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=wt/TwfItnjnVxuNu+PlZYg==, figureFileBig=dcsJHipfdZG6VLUO14DGvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308816731662016869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308816722807841052, language=CN, label=Fig.3, caption=HPG alleviated liver oxidative injury in MCD-induced MASH mice. 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A: ROS content (n = 3); B: Luciferase experiment (n = 6); C, D: Nrf2 protein expression (n = 3); E: Cellular Hmox1, Gclm, and Sod1 mRNA expression (n = 4). means ± SEM. *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001 vs control group; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01 vs palmitic acid (PA) model group, figureFileSmall=tH9nQqk/GNCGUCeM6v+auQ==, figureFileBig=lHVKhzPvkFbYqKi4Q5a4ow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308816732022727018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308816722807841052, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=qNGn7qUUub36T3g2hT+hEQ==, figureFileBig=zwXEgzBwxeWaVgLpPBpGCQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308816732089835883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308816722807841052, language=CN, label=Fig.6, caption=HPG reduced the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway. A, B: Hepatic NF-κB protein expression (n = 3); C, D: Cellular NF-κB protein expression (n = 3); E: Hepatic Il1b, Nos2, and Tnf mRNA expression (n = 6); F: Cellular IL1B and IL6 mRNA expression (n = 3). means ± SEM. *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001 vs control group; #P < 0.05, ###P < 0.001 vs model group, figureFileSmall=qNGn7qUUub36T3g2hT+hEQ==, figureFileBig=zwXEgzBwxeWaVgLpPBpGCQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308816732161139052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308816722807841052, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Content of evaluationNAS
0123
Hepatocellular steatosis< 5%5%-33%34%-66%> 66%
Intralobular inflammation (counted as the number of necrotic foci)None< 22-4> 4
Hepatocellular ballooning degenerationNoneRareCommon/
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The scoring regulations of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) activity score (NAS)

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Content of evaluationNAS
0123
Hepatocellular steatosis< 5%5%-33%34%-66%> 66%
Intralobular inflammation (counted as the number of necrotic foci)None< 22-4> 4
Hepatocellular ballooning degenerationNoneRareCommon/
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Gene nameSpeciesPrimerSequence
ACTBHumanForward5'-GGCACCACACCTTCTACAATGAGC-3'
Reverse5'-GATAGCACAGCCTGGATAGCAACG-3'
IL1BHumanForward5'-TGCTCAAGTGTCTGAAGCAG-3'
Reverse5'-TGGTGGTCGGAGATTCGTAG-3'
IL6HumanForward5'-CACTGGTCTTTTGGAGTTTGAG-3'
Reverse5'-GGACTTTTGTACTCATCTGCAC-3'
Nos2MouseForward5'-TGCCACGGACGAGACGGATAG-3'
Reverse5'-CTCTTCAAGCACCTCCAGGAACG-3'
ActbMouseForward5'-TTCGTTGCCGGTCCACACCC-3'
Reverse5'-GCTTTGCACATGCCGGAGCC-3'
Hmox1MouseForward5'-AAGCCGAGAATGCTGAGTTCA -3'
Reverse5'-GCCGTGTAGATATGGTACAAGGA -3'
GclmMouseForward5'-AGGAGCTTCGGGACTGTATCC-3'
Reverse5'-GGGACATGGTGCATTCCAAAA-3'
GclcMouseForward5'-CGGAGGAACGATGTCTGAGT-3'
Reverse5'-CAATGACCCGAAAGAACTGC-3'
Sod1MouseForward5'-AACCAGTTGTGTTGTCAGGAC-3'
Reverse5'-CCACCATGTTTCTTAGAGTGAGG-3'
Il1bMouseForward5'-TCGCAGCAGCACATCAACAAGAG-3'
Reverse5'-TGCTCATGTCCTCATCCTGGAAGG-3'
TnfMouseForward5'-ATGTCTCAGCCTCTTCTCATTC-3'
Reverse5'-GCTTGTCACTCGAATTTTGAGA-3'
), ArticleFig(id=1308816732437963119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308816722807841052, language=CN, label=Tab.2, caption=

List of primers for real-time PCR. ACTB: β-Actin; IL1B: Interleukin-1 beta; IL6: Interleukin-6; Tnf: Tumor necrosis factor; Nos2: Nitric oxide synthase 2; Hmox-1: Heme oxygenase 1; Gclm: Glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit; Gclc: Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit; Sod1: Superoxide dismutase 1; Forward: Forward primers; Reverse: Reverse primers

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Gene nameSpeciesPrimerSequence
ACTBHumanForward5'-GGCACCACACCTTCTACAATGAGC-3'
Reverse5'-GATAGCACAGCCTGGATAGCAACG-3'
IL1BHumanForward5'-TGCTCAAGTGTCTGAAGCAG-3'
Reverse5'-TGGTGGTCGGAGATTCGTAG-3'
IL6HumanForward5'-CACTGGTCTTTTGGAGTTTGAG-3'
Reverse5'-GGACTTTTGTACTCATCTGCAC-3'
Nos2MouseForward5'-TGCCACGGACGAGACGGATAG-3'
Reverse5'-CTCTTCAAGCACCTCCAGGAACG-3'
ActbMouseForward5'-TTCGTTGCCGGTCCACACCC-3'
Reverse5'-GCTTTGCACATGCCGGAGCC-3'
Hmox1MouseForward5'-AAGCCGAGAATGCTGAGTTCA -3'
Reverse5'-GCCGTGTAGATATGGTACAAGGA -3'
GclmMouseForward5'-AGGAGCTTCGGGACTGTATCC-3'
Reverse5'-GGGACATGGTGCATTCCAAAA-3'
GclcMouseForward5'-CGGAGGAACGATGTCTGAGT-3'
Reverse5'-CAATGACCCGAAAGAACTGC-3'
Sod1MouseForward5'-AACCAGTTGTGTTGTCAGGAC-3'
Reverse5'-CCACCATGTTTCTTAGAGTGAGG-3'
Il1bMouseForward5'-TCGCAGCAGCACATCAACAAGAG-3'
Reverse5'-TGCTCATGTCCTCATCCTGGAAGG-3'
TnfMouseForward5'-ATGTCTCAGCCTCTTCTCATTC-3'
Reverse5'-GCTTGTCACTCGAATTTTGAGA-3'
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哈巴俄苷改善小鼠代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝炎的研究
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王筱懿 1 , 王可可 1 , 贾王雅 1 , 李剑 2, 3 , 徐红 1, * , 季莉莉 1, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2026,61(1): 163-172
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药学学报 |研究论文 2026 , 61 (1) : 163 -172
哈巴俄苷改善小鼠代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝炎的研究
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王筱懿1, 王可可1, 贾王雅1, 李剑2, 3, 徐红1, * , 季莉莉1, *
作者信息
  • 1上海中医药大学中药研究所, 中药标准化教育部重点实验室, 中药新资源与品质评价国家中医药管理局重点研究室, 上海市复方中药重点实验室, 上海 201203
  • 2中国药科大学药剂学教研室, 江苏 南京 210009
  • 3金陵药业股份有限公司技术中心, 江苏 南京 210009
通讯作者:
季莉莉, Tel: 86-21-51322456, E-mail:
徐红, Tel: 86-21-51322456, E-mail:
作者简介:

作者贡献:

王筱懿负责完成实验操作、采集数据、分析数据和撰写文章; 王可可负责实验操作、采集和分析数据; 贾王雅负责数据复核和文章的修改; 李剑负责指导完善实验方案; 徐红和季莉莉负责设计、指导和完善实验方案、文章审阅和修改。

The improvement provided by harpagoside on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis in mice
Xiao-yi WANG1, Ke-ke WANG1, Wang-ya JIA1, Jian LI2, 3, Hong XU1, * , Li-li JI1, *
Affiliations
  • 1The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
  • 2Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
  • 3Technology Center of Jinling Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210009, China
出版时间: 2026-01-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0324
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探究玄参中环烯醚萜类成分哈巴俄苷(harpagoside, HPG) 对代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝炎(metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, MASH) 的改善作用及其潜在机制。采用蛋氨酸-胆碱缺乏饲料(methionine-choline-deficient diet, MCD) 喂养6周诱导小鼠MASH模型, 口服灌胃给药4周, 综合检测血清生化指标、氧应激和炎症指标, 并结合肝脏病理形态变化, 全面评价哈巴俄苷对小鼠MASH的改善作用(本实验获得上海中医药大学实验动物伦理委员会批准, 批准号为PZSHUTCM2305180005)。进一步采用蛋白免疫印记(Western blot, WB)、实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, qPCR) 及体外细胞模型, 深入探究哈巴俄苷改善小鼠MASH的作用机制。结果显示, 哈巴俄苷(30和60 mg·kg-1) 能够显著改善MCD诱导MASH小鼠的肝损伤(P < 0.05, P < 0.001), 有效减轻肝脏脂肪累积(P < 0.05, P < 0.001), 降低升高的非酒精性脂肪性肝病(non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD) 活动性评分(NAFLD activity score, NAS) (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.001), 同时降低肝脏氧应激水平并抑制肝脏炎症(P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.001)。WB及qPCR实验结果表明, 哈巴俄苷能够促进MCD诱导的MASH小鼠肝脏及小鼠AML-12正常肝细胞中核因子E2相关因子2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, Nrf2) 的核转位激活(P < 0.05), 同时抑制小鼠肝脏及THP-1细胞中核因子-κB (nuclear factor kappa B, NF-κB) 的核转位激活(P < 0.05)。以上结果表明, 哈巴俄苷可能通过激活Nrf2抗氧化信号通路, 抵御肝脏氧应激损伤, 并通过抑制NF-κB信号通路缓解炎性反应, 从而发挥改善MASH的药效。

哈巴俄苷  /  代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝炎  /  氧应激  /  炎症  /  核因子E2相关因子2  /  NF-κB信号通路

Harpagoside (HPG) is an iridoid compound derived from Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of HPG on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and elucidate its underlying mechanisms. MASH was induced in mice using a methionine-choline-deficient diet (MCD). The efficacy of HPG in improving MASH was assessed through serum biochemical indexes, liver pathological changes, oxidative stress markers, and inflammatory responses (this experiment was approved by the Laboratory Animal Ethics Committee of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, with approval number PZSHUTCM2305180005). To further explore the mechanism of action, Western blot (WB), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and in vitro cell models were employed. The results demonstrated that HPG (30 and 60 mg·kg-1) significantly mitigated liver damage (P < 0.05, P < 0.001), reduced hepatic lipid accumulation (P < 0.05, P < 0.001), lowered the elevated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) activity score (NAS) (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.001), alleviated hepatic oxidative stress injury, and suppressed hepatic inflammation in MCD-induced MASH mice (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.001). WB and qPCR analyses revealed that HPG promoted the nuclear accumulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in the livers of MCD-fed mice and in AML-12 cells (P < 0.05). Additionally, it reduced the nuclear accumulation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in the livers of MCD-fed mice and in THP-1 cells (P < 0.05). Collectively, these findings suggest that HPG improves MASH through alleviating liver oxidative and inflammatory injury by activating Nrf2 antioxidant signaling pathway and inhibiting NF-κB inflammatory signaling pathway.

harpagoside  /  metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis  /  oxidative stress  /  inflammation  /  nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2  /  nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway
王筱懿, 王可可, 贾王雅, 李剑, 徐红, 季莉莉. 哈巴俄苷改善小鼠代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝炎的研究. 药学学报, 2026 , 61 (1) : 163 -172 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0324
Xiao-yi WANG, Ke-ke WANG, Wang-ya JIA, Jian LI, Hong XU, Li-li JI. The improvement provided by harpagoside on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis in mice[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2026 , 61 (1) : 163 -172 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0324
代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病(metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease, MAFLD) 曾被称为非酒精性脂肪性肝病(non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD), 是全球范围内最为普遍的慢性肝脏疾病之一, 也是导致肝脏相关疾病高发病率与高死亡率的关键因素[1, 2]。在MAFLD的早期阶段, 发生脂肪变性的肝脏对脂质氧化等因素更为敏感, 容易进一步发展为后期严重阶段的代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝炎(metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, MASH), 并最终可能演变为终末期肝病, 如肝硬化和肝癌[2-4]。近年来, MAFLD的发病率呈现急剧上升趋势。最新的流行病学调查结果显示, 全球成人MAFLD的患病率约为32.16%, 其中东亚地区的发病率相对较高, 约为30.5%[5]。在中国, MAFLD的发病率持续攀升, 这无疑对未来十几年的社会发展构成了严重的健康和经济负担[6]。目前, 针对MAFLD早期单纯脂质堆积阶段的治疗手段, 主要依赖于生活方式的调整, 如减肥、运动和饮食控制等。然而, 对于MAFLD晚期严重阶段的MASH, 治疗选择极为有限。2024上半年, 美国食品药品管理局(Food and Drug Administration, FDA) 批准了甲状腺激素受体(thyroid hormone receptor, THR) 激动剂resmetirom用于MASH的治疗[7]。但总体而言, MAFLD尤其是MASH的治疗方法仍然匮乏, 且疗效欠佳。因此, 寻找高效且安全的MASH治疗药物, 仍然是当前医药研究的重中之重。
MAFLD的发病始于肝脏脂质的缓慢堆积, 当堆积量突破肝脏的代谢阈值时, 便成为推动疾病快速进展的核心危险因素[4]。在遗传敏感、热量过剩及肠道微生态失衡等多重因素的交互作用下, 肝脏对碳水化合物和脂肪酸等主要代谢能量底物的代谢能力超出其生理极限, 致使毒性脂质中间体如二酰甘油、神经酰胺等在肝脏内异常蓄积, 这一过程使得肝脏内的巨噬细胞从抗炎表型状态转变为促炎表型状态, 进而推动胰岛素抵抗等代谢紊乱的发生和发展[8]。在胰岛素抵抗状态下, 脂肪分解不充分, 导致脂肪酸源源不断地输送到肝脏, 进一步削弱肝脏的脂肪代谢能力, 进而导致细胞氧应激、炎症小体活化及细胞凋亡, 最终刺激肝脏炎症的发生, 并推动疾病进展为更为严重的MASH[9-11]。因此, 缓解肝脏氧应激并抑制炎症反应, 可能在MASH的治疗中发挥关键作用。
玄参是玄参科植物玄参Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl.的干燥根。作为一味传统中药, 玄参性寒、味苦咸, 具有清热凉血、滋阴降火、解毒散结的功效, 常用于治疗温热病热入营血、阴虚火旺、咽喉肿痛、痈肿疮毒等多种疾病[12]。近年来, 现代药理学研究发现, 玄参富含的环烯醚萜类成分哈巴俄苷(harpagoside, HPG) 具有多种显著的药理活性, 包括降血糖、神经保护等功效[13]。然而, 目前尚未见到关于其改善MAFLD的研究报道。玄参的功效符合中医MAFLD治疗理论中祛痰化瘀、化湿清热的要求[14]。基于此, 课题组前期对玄参中的主要化学成分进行了体外肝细胞降脂活性筛选, 结果发现哈巴俄苷具有显著的降脂活性。在此研究基础上, 本研究采用蛋氨酸胆碱缺乏饲料(methionine-choline-deficient diet, MCD) 诱导的MASH小鼠模型, 深入探究哈巴俄苷对MASH的改善作用, 并进一步阐释其潜在的作用机制。本研究不仅为哈巴俄苷作为MASH治疗候选药物的进一步研发奠定基础, 也将有助于进一步提升中药玄参的药用价值。
实验动物    本实验选用6~8周龄、体重18~20 g的雄性C57BL/6J小鼠, 购自上海斯莱克实验动物有限责任公司, 合格证号: SCXK (沪) 2022-0004。小鼠在上海中医药大学实验动物中心进行饲养, 饲养环境严格控制标准室温(22 ± 1 ℃), 相对湿度维持在(65% ± 5%), 并采用12 h明暗交替循环。本实验已获得上海中医药大学实验动物伦理委员会的批准, 批准号为PZSHUTCM2305180005。
药品与试剂    丙氨酸转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase, ALT; 货号: C009-1-1)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(aspartate aminotransferase, AST; 货号: C010-1-1)、甘油三酯(triglyceride, TG; 货号: A110-1-1)、游离脂肪酸(non-esterified fatty acids, NEFA; 货号: A042-2-1)、髓过氧化酶(myeloperoxidase, MPO; 货号: A044-1-1)、谷胱甘肽(glutathione, GSH; 货号: A006-2-1)、丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA; 货号: A003-1-2) 检测试剂盒均购自南京建成生物工程研究所; BCA试剂盒(货号: SB-WB013) 购自上海圣尔生物科技有限公司; 吡格列酮(pioglitazone, PGZ; 货号: 41-529F) 购自江苏万邦生化医药集团有限责任公司; 蛋氨酸胆碱补充饲料(methionine-choline-supplement diet, MCS; 货号: TP3005GS)、MCD (货号: TP3005G) 购自南通特洛菲饲料科技有限公司; Trizol (货号: AL11815A) 购自宝日医生物技术有限公司; 焦碳酸二乙酯(diethyl pyrocarbonate, DEPC) (货号: J301KA8421)、SYBR green premix (货号: 11201ES08) 均购自翌圣生物科技股份有限公司; PrimeScript® RTMaster Mix (货号: AG11728) 来自艾科瑞生物; HPG (货号: JOT-10076) 购自成都普菲德生物技术有限公司; RPMI-1640培养基(货号: PWL014)、DMEM培养基(货号: MA0212)、DMEM/F12 (1∶1) 培养基(货号: MA0214) 均购自美仑生物技术有限公司; 胎牛血清(fetal bovine serum, FBS; 货号: 12484028)、NE-PER® nuclear and cytoplasmic extraction reagents (货号: 78835)均来自美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司; 棕榈酸(palmitic acid, PA; 货号: P0500-10G)、脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide, LPS; 货号: L2880)、苏木精(货号: HHS16)、伊红Y (货号: E6003)、油红O粉(货号: O0625) 均来自美国Sigma公司; 核纤层蛋白B1 (Lamin B1) 抗体(货号: AB0054) 来自上海埃必威生物技术有限公司; Nrf2抗体(货号: GXT103322) 来自GeneTex Inc.; NF-κB抗体(货号: 4764S) 来自美国Cell Signaling Technology公司; 过氧化物酶结合的山羊兔抗(货号: 111-035-003) 来自美国Jackson Immuno Research公司; 多聚甲醛(货号: 80096628) 来自国药集团化学试剂有限公司; adhesion G protein-coupled receptor E1 (F4/80, 货号: GB113373-100)、lymphocyte antigen 6 family member G (Ly6G, 货号: GB115601-100) 均来自塞维尔生物技术有限公司。
仪器    BioTek Synergy H4酶标仪(美国Bio-Tek公司); 低温离心机、微量移液器(德国Eppendorf公司); -80 ℃低温冰箱(美国Thermo Fisher公司); QuantStudio 6 flex实时荧光定量PCR仪(美国Life Technology公司); 病理切片扫描机和荧光显微镜(日本Olympus公司); 制冰机、高压蒸汽灭菌锅(日本SANYO公司)。
MAFLD小鼠模型与给药   将31只动物随机分成4组, 分别为: ①正常对照组(MCS, n = 7); ②模型组(MCD, n = 8); ③ MCD + HPG低剂量组(30 mg·kg-1, n = 8); ④ MCD + HPG高剂量组(60 mg·kg-1, n = 8); 小鼠适应性喂养1周后, 对照组给予MCS, 其余各组给予MCD, 连续喂养6周以诱导MASH模型。在诱导模型的后4周按分组灌胃给药, 其中MCS组和MCD组给予等体积的生理盐水, 而MCD + HPG组则分别给予相应剂量的HPG。实验期间, 每日监测小鼠体重变化。经过4周的治疗后, 小鼠经麻醉处理后处死。随后, 迅速收集小鼠的血液和肝组织, 用于后续实验。此外, 每组小鼠的部分肝叶被固定在4%多聚甲醛溶液中, 用于后续制作病理切片, 以观察肝脏组织的病理学变化。
血清ALT、AST酶活力检测   将血液样本静置2 h后, 离心取上清。按照试剂盒的说明检测血清中的ALT和AST活力水平。
肝脏TG、NEFA含量测定   剪取适量肝脏制备10%匀浆。根据试剂盒检测肝脏中的TG、NEFA含量。
肝脏MPO酶活力检测   剪取适量肝脏制备20%匀浆。根据试剂盒检测MPO活性。
活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS) 含量测定   剪取适量肝脏或收集适量细胞, 加入PBS制备10%匀浆, 4 ℃离心取上清测BCA蛋白含量, 沉淀重悬于含10 μmol·L-1 H2DCFDA的预冷PBS, 避光37 ℃孵育1 h, 立即检测荧光强度并以同样本蛋白浓度校正, 以空白组为基准计算相对ROS水平。
肝脏GSH、MDA含量测定   剪取部分肝脏制备成10%的匀浆。根据试剂盒检测GSH、MDA含量。
MAFLD肝组织形态学观察   取相同部位的新鲜肝脏组织放在4%多聚甲醛中固定24 h, 常规脱水、石蜡包埋并切片, 分别用于H & E染色、油红O染色、F4/80及Ly6G染色, 光学显微镜下观察拍照。
NAFLD活动度评分(NAFLD activity score, NAS)    NAS评分(表1) 是一种用于评估MASH严重程度的半定量病理评分系统, 主要用于肝脏样本的组织学评估, 根据H & E染色病理切片结果, 对肝脏肝细胞脂肪变性(hepatocellular steatosis)、肝小叶炎症坏死灶(intralobular inflammation) 及肝细胞气球样变性(hepatocellular ballooning degeneration) 的情况分别进行评分, 三项分值之和即为NAS评分, 该评分可全面反映MASH的活动性和进展情况, NAS ≥ 5可诊断为MASH, NAS < 3可排除MASH[15]。
Real-time PCR分析   按照Trizol试剂盒说明书提取小鼠肝脏组织RNA。RNA根据PrimeScript® RTMaster Mix试剂盒说明书步骤逆转录为cDNA, 得到的cDNA按照SYBR green premix试剂盒说明进行操作; 在实时荧光定量PCR仪上进行real-time PCR扩增。目标基因的相对表达量用β-actin标准化, 采用2-ΔΔCt法进行数据计算。本文使用的引物序列如表2所示。
Western blot实验   剪取适量肝脏或收集细胞, 加入含蛋白酶抑制剂的裂解液制成10%的匀浆, 用NE-PER® nuclear and cytoplasmic extraction reagents试剂盒抽提胞浆胞核蛋白。用BCA蛋白检测试剂盒检测样品蛋白浓度, 并配制所有样品至相同浓度, 99 ℃煮样10 min。用10% SDS聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分离蛋白并转至PVDF膜, 一抗孵育过夜, 第二天用含0.1% Tween 20的TBST洗膜3次后室温孵育二抗2 h, TBST摇洗3次后显影成像。蛋白条带以AlphaViewSA (Version: 3.4.0) 软件扫描灰度。
细胞培养    THP-1细胞培养条件: 10% FBS, 1%的双抗和1‰ β-巯基乙醇的RPMI-1640培养基; AML12细胞培养条件: 10% FBS, 10 μL·mL-1 insulin-transferrin-selenium (ITS) 液体培养基补充剂(货号: PWL084, 美仑生物技术有限公司) 和40 ng·mL-1地塞米松(货号: D4902, 美国Sigma公司) 的DMEM/F-12 (1∶1) 培养基; L-02-ARE细胞培养条件: 10% FBS、1%双抗、2 μg·L-1嘌呤霉素(货号: MA0318, 美仑生物技术有限公司) 的DMEM培养基。
荧光素酶(luciferase) 实验    将L-02-ARE细胞培养在96孔板中, 贴壁过夜并与化合物一起孵育, 孵育24 h后收集细胞裂解液上清至白板中, 避光加入荧光素酶(每孔100 μL) 混匀后检测发光值。
统计学分析    实验数据以平均值± SEM (means ± SEM) 表示。各组数据进行单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA检验) 和方差齐性检验, 当方差齐则使用方差分析(LSD检验); 当方差不齐则使用非参数检验进行两个独立样本的秩和检验。P < 0.05则组间差异具有统计学意义, 以上分析均运用IBM SPSS统计21.0软件完成。
如图1A、B所示, 与MCS组相比, MCD喂养的小鼠肝脏ALT、AST酶活力显著升高(P < 0.01), 表明肝脏损伤明显。然而, 在给予低剂量哈巴俄苷后, ALT水平有所降低, 而给予高剂量哈巴俄苷处理后, ALT和AST水平均显著下降(P < 0.001, P < 0.05), 提示哈巴俄苷对肝脏损伤具有显著的保护作用。如图1C、D所示, 与MCS组相比, MCD喂养导致小鼠肝脏中NEFA和TG含量显著增加(P < 0.01, P < 0.001), 反映小鼠肝脏中发生了脂质堆积。而在给予低剂量哈巴俄苷时TG含量显著下降, 给予高剂量哈巴俄苷后NEFA和TG含量均显著下降(P < 0.05, P < 0.001), 表明哈巴俄苷能够有效降低肝脏中的脂质堆积。同时, H & E和油红O染色切片结果(图1E) 显示, MCD喂养的小鼠出现了明显的脂肪空泡和脂质堆积, 并伴有不同程度的炎性细胞浸润, 提示肝脏病理损伤严重。然而, 在给予不同剂量哈巴俄苷之后, 肝脏组织中的脂肪空泡和脂质堆积显著减少, 炎症浸润也有所缓解, 表明哈巴俄苷对肝脏病理损伤具有显著的改善作用。NAS评分(图1F) 显示, MCD喂养的小鼠NAS评分在5分以上(P < 0.001), 提示其已发展到MAFLD后期的MASH严重阶段, 而给予不同剂量哈巴俄苷后, NAS评分显著降低(P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.001), 进一步证实哈巴俄苷对MASH具有显著的改善效果。
如图2A所示, MCD喂养会引起小鼠肝脏MPO酶活力显著升高(P < 0.01), 提示肝脏炎症反应明显加剧。然而, 在给予不同剂量哈巴俄苷后MPO酶活力水平均显著下降(P < 0.05, P < 0.01), 表明哈巴俄苷对肝脏炎症具有显著的抑制作用。F4/80和Ly6G分别是巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞的细胞表面标志物[16]。图2B、C的免疫组化染色表明, 与MCS组相比, MCD喂养小鼠肝脏中F4/80和Ly6G阳性细胞数(显示为棕色) 显著增加(P < 0.001), 表明肝脏内巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞的炎性浸润显著加剧, 而给予不同剂量的哈巴俄苷后, 肝脏中巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞的炎性浸润明显减少(P < 0.01, P < 0.001), 提示哈巴俄苷能够显著减轻MASH病变中肝脏的炎症。
如图3所示, 与MCS组相比, MCD组小鼠肝脏中ROS和MDA含量显著升高(P < 0.01), 表明肝脏氧应激水平显著加剧。然而, 在给予高剂量哈巴俄苷后, ROS含量有所降低(P < 0.01); 而给予不同剂量哈巴俄苷后MDA水平均显著下降(P < 0.01), 提示肝脏脂质过氧化损伤得到了显著缓解。GSH在调节机体氧化还原平衡中也发挥着重要作用。本研究发现, MCD喂养的小鼠肝脏中GSH含量显著下降(P < 0.05), 表明氧应激状态下机体抗氧化能力减弱。而在给予不同剂量哈巴俄苷后, GSH水平均显著上升(P < 0.05, P < 0.01), 提示哈巴俄苷能够有效缓解MASH病变中肝脏的氧应激损伤。
Nrf2作为调控抗氧应激的一种关键转录因子, 在诱导机体的抗氧化应答中发挥至关重要的作用[17]。前面的实验结果已表明, 哈巴俄苷在抵御氧应激方面具有显著的效果, 提示其可能是通过促进Nrf2核转位激活发挥抗氧化作用, 从而缓解MASH。图4A、B显示, MASH小鼠肝脏中的Nrf2入核显著减少, 表明其抗氧化应答能力受到抑制, 而在给予高剂量哈巴俄苷之后, Nrf2的入核显著升高(P < 0.05), 提示哈巴俄苷能够有效促进Nrf2的核转位激活。进一步检测了Nrf2下游的抗氧化基因水平, 结果发现哈巴俄苷能有效提高因MCD喂养而降低的肝脏中血红素氧合酶1 (heme oxygenase 1, Hmox1)、超氧化歧化酶1 (superoxide dismutase 1, Sod1)、谷氨酸-半胱氨酸连接酶修饰亚基(glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit, Gclm) 和谷氨酰半胱氨酸连接酶催化亚单位(glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit, Gclc) 的基因表达(P < 0.05, P < 0.01) (图4C)。
如图5A所示, 在体外实验中, 采用PA (0.3 mmol·L-1) 刺激AML-12肝细胞, 并同时给予不同浓度的哈巴俄苷(10和25 μmol·L-1) 共同孵育24 h。结果显示, PA诱导细胞内ROS含量显著升高(P < 0.05), 表明细胞内氧应激水平显著增加。而在给予高浓度哈巴俄苷后, 细胞内ROS含量显著降低(P < 0.01), 提示哈巴俄苷能够有效缓解PA诱导的氧应激损伤。在L-02-ARE细胞模型上, 不同浓度的哈巴俄苷均能显著促进Nrf2的转录激活(图5B) (P < 0.001)。图5C、D的实验结果表明, 高浓度哈巴俄苷能够显著提高AML12细胞中Nrf2蛋白的入核水平(P < 0.05)。本研究检测了Nrf2下游的抗氧化基因表达水平, 结果发现高浓度哈巴俄苷能够有效提高细胞内Hmox1、Gclm和Sod1的基因水平(P < 0.05, 图5E)。
NF-κB通路长期以来一直被认为是一种典型的促炎信号通路[18]。为了探究其是否在哈巴俄苷改善MASH中发挥作用, 本研究在动物和细胞水平上检测了NF-κB的入核及其下游促炎基因的表达情况。如图6A、B所示, MASH小鼠肝脏中NF-κB入核显著升高(P < 0.05), 表明NF-κB信号通路的激活加剧了肝脏炎症。然而, 经不同剂量哈巴俄苷处理后, NF-κB的入核均显著降低(P < 0.05), 提示哈巴俄苷能够有效抑制NF-κB信号通路的激活。进一步检测了促炎基因的表达水平, 结果显示不同剂量的哈巴俄苷均能显著降低因MCD喂养而升高的肝脏中白细胞介素1β (interleukin-1 beta, Il1b)、一氧化氮合酶2 (nitric oxide synthase 2, Nos2) 和肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor, Tnf) 的基因表达(P < 0.05, P < 0.001) (图6E), 表明哈巴俄苷能够显著抑制促炎基因的表达, 从而减轻肝脏炎症反应。在细胞水平, 图6C、D显示LPS (1 μg·mL-1) 刺激THP-1细胞后, 细胞中NF-κB入核显著升高(P < 0.05); 而不同浓度的哈巴俄苷均能够显著降低LPS诱导的NF-κB入核(P < 0.05), 进一步证实了哈巴俄苷对NF-κB信号通路的抑制作用。细胞内促炎基因表达水平的检测结果显示哈巴俄苷能显著降低因LPS (1 μg·mL-1) 刺激而升高的IL1B和白介素6 (interleukin-6, IL6) 的mRNA水平(P < 0.05, 图6F), 表明哈巴俄苷在细胞水平上也能有效抑制促炎基因的表达。
随着中国经济的迅猛发展, 人们的生活水平显著提高, 生活方式也发生了深刻变化。然而, 这些变化也带来了新的健康挑战。据预测, 中国可能成为全球MAFLD患者和肝脏相关死亡人数最多的国家[6]。目前, MAFLD已经成为中国常见的肝病之一, 若不及时干预, 病情可能进一步发展为终末期肝病, 严重威胁患者的生命健康。因此, 寻找安全有效的MAFLD药物已成为当务之急。
肝脏脂质堆积是MAFLD的核心病理特征之一。脂质在肝脏等非脂肪组织中的异常蓄积, 导致MAFLD患者的游离脂肪酸(FFA) 水平显著增加。这种异常的脂质代谢会引起肝细胞中脂肪酸氧化超负荷, 进而导致肝脏氧应激和炎症反应, 推动疾病进展为更为严重的MASH[19]。因此, 改善肝脏脂质堆积是治疗MASH的关键策略之一。本研究通过观察MASH小鼠肝脏组织形态和NAS评分发现, 经MCD诱导后, 小鼠肝脏出现严重的脂质堆积, 且病程已进展到MAFLD后期的MASH阶段, 其病理变化与临床MASH患者高度相似。然而, 给予哈巴俄苷(30和60 mg·kg-1) 治疗4周后, 小鼠肝脏的脂肪病变显著改善, 病程也得到有效缓解。进一步对肝脏中TG及NEFA的定量检测也证实, 哈巴俄苷给药后能显著降低MASH小鼠肝脏中脂质的堆积。
众多研究表明, 氧应激是MAFLD疾病进展的关键因素之一[20, 21]。氧应激反映了ROS的生成与机体抗氧化系统清除能力之间的失衡, ROS主要包括超氧阴离子自由基和过氧化氢, 它们作为不同类型肝细胞能量代谢的副产物, 在细胞内会持续产生。此外, 肝脏脂质超负荷会增加线粒体和内质网的ROS生成而诱导氧化剂的过量, 进一步加剧氧应激状态。Nrf2信号通路是机体对抗氧应激的重要途径之一, Nrf2可以通过调控一系列参与氧应激反应的基因表达, 增强细胞对氧化损伤的防御[22]。Nrf2蛋白包含7个保守的Nrf2-ECH同源结构域, 这些区域具有不同的功能来调控Nrf2的转录活性。细胞核中的抗氧化反应元件(antioxidant response element, ARE) 序列可以准确识别核因子-E2相关因子2-Maf蛋白异二聚体(nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2-small Maf protein hetero-dimer, Nrf2-MAF), 并与Nrf2的Neh4和Neh5结构域结合, 启动Nrf2介导的转录过程, 调节下游基因表达, 激活一系列抗氧化酶, 从而发挥抗氧化功能[23, 24]。本研究通过检测MASH小鼠肝脏中氧应激相关指标和Nrf2的入核及其下游基因发现, 给予哈巴俄苷处理后, 可以显著改善肝脏的氧应激状态, 增加Nrf2的入核及其下游基因的表达。体外实验进一步表明, 哈巴俄苷能够诱导Nrf2核转位激活, 提高其下游抗氧化分子的基因表达, 降低由PA诱导的AML-12细胞中ROS的增加。这些研究结果提示, 哈巴俄苷可能通过激活Nrf2抗氧化信号通路, 减轻肝脏氧应激, 从而发挥改善MASH的作用。
多项研究指出MASH患者肝脏中巨噬细胞炎性浸润显著增加, 并且肝脏促炎型巨噬细胞的极化过程与MASH患者肝脏疾病的进展密切相关[25, 26]。巨噬细胞具有高度可塑性, 它们在不同的组织微环境和细胞因子刺激下, 可以表现出多种不同的细胞亚型, 如促炎型(M1) 巨噬细胞和抑炎型(M2) 巨噬细胞。当巨噬细胞受到干扰素(interferon, IFN)-γ与LPS等刺激时, 会发生M1极化, 产生IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-α等一系列促炎细胞因子。这些细胞因子能够动员中性粒细胞参与免疫调节。同时, M1型巨噬细胞产生的促炎因子还会和NF-κB驱动的细胞因子进一步激活淋巴细胞, 从而推动炎症级联反应并释放更多的促炎型细胞因子[27-31]。NF-κB最常见的存在形式是由p50蛋白和p65蛋白组成的异二聚体, 在稳态情况下, 与其抑制蛋白IκB结合, 以无活性三聚体的形式存在于细胞质中。本研究发现哈巴俄苷能够显著抑制MASH小鼠肝组织和LPS诱导THP-1细胞中NF-κB的入核, 并且能够降低NF-κB信号通路下游促炎相关基因的表达。这些结果表明, 哈巴俄苷可能通过抑制NF-κB信号通路的激活, 降低促炎基因的表达, 从而减轻肝脏的炎性损伤。
综上所述, 本研究发现哈巴俄苷能够显著改善MASH病变, 其机制可能与抑制NF-κB炎性信号通路降低肝脏炎性损伤, 以及激活Nrf2抗氧化信号通路抵御氧应激肝损伤相关。目前尚无哈巴俄苷治疗MASH的研究报道, 本文的研究为哈巴俄苷作为治疗MASH候选药物的进一步研发奠定基础, 但是对于其具体如何调控Nrf2和NF-κB信号通路还需要进一步深入的机制研究。

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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0324
  • 接收时间:2025-03-24
  • 首发时间:2026-09-21
  • 出版时间:2026-01-12
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-24
  • 修回日期:2025-07-08
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    1上海中医药大学中药研究所, 中药标准化教育部重点实验室, 中药新资源与品质评价国家中医药管理局重点研究室, 上海市复方中药重点实验室, 上海 201203
    2中国药科大学药剂学教研室, 江苏 南京 210009
    3金陵药业股份有限公司技术中心, 江苏 南京 210009

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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