Article(id=1308459350863933985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308459188263342104, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0168, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1739980800000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-20, revisedDate=1750521600000, revisedDateStr=2025-06-22, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789890619245, onlineDateStr=2026-09-20, pubDate=1757606400000, pubDateStr=2025-09-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789890619245, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789890619245, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789890619245, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1308459188263342104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2025', volume='60', issue='9', pageStart='2649', pageEnd='2912', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1757606400000', pubDateStr='2025-09-12', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789890580478, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789893297273, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1308470583390401503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308459188263342104, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1308470583390401504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308459188263342104, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2890, endPage=2900, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1308459352390660642, articleId=1308459350863933985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Identification and expression analysis of pathogenesis-related proteins 1 family genes in Aquilaria sinensis, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Pathogenesis related protein 1 (PR1) plays an important role in plant resistance to stress and growth and development. This study identified and systematically analyzed 8 AsPR1 genes in Aquilaria sinensis using bioinformatics methods. The predicted molecular weight of encoded AsPR1 proteins is between 12.95 kD and 43.41 kD. The two-dimensional structure and conserved motif analysis of the AsPR1 proteins demonstrated that the similarity of 8 AsPR1 proteins was 51.38%, and all 8 AsPR1 proteins had conserved CAP-PR1 domains. Cis-acting elements analysis showed that the AsPR1 gene family proteins have cis-acting elements that respond to plant hormones, abiotic stress, and biological processes. Chromosomal mapping showed that the AsPR1 gene was distributed on chromosomes 1, 3, 4 and 8. The full-length AsPR1-4 sequence was successfully cloned according to the transcriptome sequencing analysis from A. sinensis, which contains a 516 bp ORF that encodes 171 amino acids. Furthermore, we successfully expressed AsPR1-4-GST fusion protein. The subcellular localization experiments indicated that AsPR1-4 is located in the cytoplasm and chloroplast. The real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR results showed that AsPR1-4 had the highest expression level in stems, followed by roots, and the lowest expression level in leaves. Exogenous MeJA and SA significantly increased the expression of AsPR1-4 in Calli. Additionally, the transcripts level of AsPR1-4 remarkably decreased under four abiotic stresses, including salt, low temperature, heavy metals, and drought stress. This study lays the foundation for further elucidating the function of PR1 protein in the defense response of A. sinensis and its application in agarwood production.

, authors=Yu-yan ZHENG1, 2, Fan-yuan GUAN1, 2, Jing FAN2, Hai-ling QIU2, Xin-yu MI2, Bao-wei WANG2, Bo-wen GAO3, *, Xiao-hui WANG1, *, authorsList=Yu-yan ZHENG, Fan-yuan GUAN, Jing FAN, Hai-ling QIU, Xin-yu MI, Bao-wei WANG, Bo-wen GAO, Xiao-hui WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Bo-wen GAO, Xiao-hui WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1308459353464402475, articleId=1308459350863933985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=白木香病程相关蛋白1家族基因的鉴定及表达分析, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

病程相关蛋白1 (pathogenesis-related proteins 1, PR1) 在植物抵御胁迫及生长发育中有着重要的作用。本研究通过生物信息学手段系统分析鉴定了8个白木香AsPR1基因, 预测其编码蛋白的分子质量在12.95~43.41 kD之间。蛋白的二维结构及保守基序分析表明, 8个AsPR1蛋白序列的相似度为51.38%, 都具有保守的CAP-PR1 (cysteine-rich secretory proteins, CAP) 结构域。顺式作用元件分析表明, AsPR1基因家族具有响应植物激素、非生物胁迫和生物进程相关的顺式作用元件。染色体定位显示AsPR1基因分布在1、3、4、8号染色体上。根据转录组分析数据本研究从白木香中克隆得到AsPR1-4序列, 全长为516 bp, 编码171个氨基酸; 成功进行AsPR1-4-GST融合蛋白表达。亚细胞定位实验结果表明AsPR1-4定位于细胞质和叶绿体中。实时荧光定量PCR结果表明, AsPR1-4在茎中表达量最高, 其次是根, 叶中最少; 茉莉酸甲酯(methyl jasmonate, MeJA) 和水杨酸(salicylic acid, SA) 诱导下AsPR1-4表达量均有不同程度的增加; 而AsPR1-4在盐、低温、重金属和干旱四种非生物胁迫下表达量均显著下降。本研究为进一步揭示PR1蛋白在白木香防御反应中的功能及其在沉香生产中的应用奠定基础。

, authors=郑语嫣1, 2, 关范圆1, 2, 范菁2, 邱海玲2, 米芯雨2, 王宝纬2, 高博闻3, *, 王晓晖1, *, authorsList=郑语嫣, 关范圆, 范菁, 邱海玲, 米芯雨, 王宝纬, 高博闻, 王晓晖, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=高博闻, 王晓晖, authorNote=

#共同第一作者.

作者贡献:

郑语嫣、关范圆负责白木香AsPR1基因的挖掘、表达分析; 范菁、邱海玲、米芯雨、王宝纬负责收集、整理数据; 高博闻、王晓晖负责论文思路设计、指导实验、论文撰写与修改。所有作者参与论文修改。

, correspAuthorsNote=
高博闻,E-mail:
王晓晖,E-mail:
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J Exp Bot, 2015, 66: 5301-5313., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1308497602061107878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308459350863933985, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308497602065302183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308459350863933985, companyId=1308497602061107878, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308497602073690792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308459350863933985, companyId=1308497602061107878, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1北京中医药大学, 北京中医药研究院, 中药现代研究中心, 北京 102488)]), AuthorCompany(id=1308497602182742697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308459350863933985, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308497602191131306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308459350863933985, companyId=1308497602182742697, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308497602199519915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308459350863933985, companyId=1308497602182742697, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2北京中医药大学中药学院, 北京 102488)]), AuthorCompany(id=1308497602342126252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308459350863933985, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308497602350514861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308459350863933985, companyId=1308497602342126252, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3School of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308497602358903470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308459350863933985, companyId=1308497602342126252, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3包头医学院药学院, 内蒙古 包头 014040)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1308497607580812003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308459350863933985, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=tP6Rq4wVXdVhO857NTy/fQ==, figureFileBig=CH1A8vTB5qE8jMzzm7exKw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308497607689863908, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308459350863933985, language=CN, label=Fig.1, caption=Evolutionary analysis of PR1 proteins in Aquilaria sinensis, Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana tabacum. AT is Arabidopsis thaliana, LOC is Nicotiana tabacum, and As is Aquilaria sinensis, figureFileSmall=tP6Rq4wVXdVhO857NTy/fQ==, figureFileBig=CH1A8vTB5qE8jMzzm7exKw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308497607819887333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308459350863933985, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=/Wsm8YkEAt5mvXgjmrhGiQ==, figureFileBig=a+/HfjykzhVMRHVA9Pi/fA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308497607912162022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308459350863933985, language=CN, label=Fig.2, caption=Secondary structure analysis and conserved domain analysis of AsPR1 family proteins in A. sinensis. A: Multiple alignments and domain structures of the AsPR1 and ATCAPE6 protein sequences (Blue box: Signal-peptide; red box: CAP tetrad, CBM, CAPE peptide; blue triangle: Six conserved cysteine residues); B: Six conserved motifs of the AsPR1 proteins; C: The motifs and conserved domains of the AsPR1 proteins. CAP: Cysteine-rich secretory protein, CBM: Caveolin-binding motif, figureFileSmall=/Wsm8YkEAt5mvXgjmrhGiQ==, figureFileBig=a+/HfjykzhVMRHVA9Pi/fA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308497607996048103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308459350863933985, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=KqQPPsQsZMWidj7BuZry6A==, figureFileBig=P+4LvmaYW7vJEivIXt256A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308497608075739880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308459350863933985, language=CN, label=Fig.3, caption=Chromosomal localization analysis of AsPR1 gene and cis-acting element analysis of promoter of AsPR1 gene in A. sinensis; cloning, prokaryotic expression, and subcellular localization of AsPR1-4 gene. A: Chromosome loci of AsPR1 genes in A. sinensis; B: Cis-acting elements of AsPR1 genes in A. sinensis; C: Agarose gel electrophoresis of AsPR1-4 gene (M: DNA marker; 1: PCR amplification fragment of AsPR1-4 gene); D: SDS-PAGE of AsPR1-4 protein (M: Protein marker; 1: AsPR1-4-GST protein; 2: GST protein); E: Subcellular localization of AsPR1-4 in N.benthamiana epidermal cells, figureFileSmall=KqQPPsQsZMWidj7BuZry6A==, figureFileBig=P+4LvmaYW7vJEivIXt256A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308497608197374697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308459350863933985, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=2EiWaY+cF78H8h3kghPSbA==, figureFileBig=dSd8m29UzwWTK4RJNDvSAw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308497608310620906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308459350863933985, language=CN, label=Fig.4, caption=Relative expression level of AsPR1-4 gene in different parts in A. sinensis and under salicylic acid (SA)\ methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and different abiotic stresses treament in A. sinensis Calli. A: Effect of SA on AsPR1-4 gene expression in A. sinensis Calli; B: Effect of MeJA on AsPR1-4 gene expression in A. sinensis Calli; C: Expression of AsPR1-4 gene in different parts in A. sinensis; D: Effects of NaCl at different times on the expression of AsPR1-4 genes in A. sinensis Calli; E: Effects of cold temperature at different times on the expression of AsPR1-4 genes in A. sinensis Calli; F: Effects of CdCl2 at different times on the expression of AsPR1-4 genes in A. sinensis Calli; G: Effects of PEG6000 (macrogol 6000) at different times on the expression of AsPR1-4 genes in A. sinensis Calli. Repeat 3 samples, each for 3 times. x±s. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.000 1 vs CK group; ###P < 0.001, figureFileSmall=2EiWaY+cF78H8h3kghPSbA==, figureFileBig=dSd8m29UzwWTK4RJNDvSAw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308497608411284203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308459350863933985, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
PrimerPrimer sequence (5'-3')Use
AsPR1-4-F1GCGCATGTCACAAAGCTTGCGAAGene cloning
AsPR1-4-R1GCGCTCAATAAGGCCTTTCTCCGATGene cloning
AsPR1-4-F2GATCTGGTTCCGCGTGGATCCATGTCACAAAGCTTGCGAACCProkaryotic expression
AsPR1-4-R2TAAGCTTGAGCTCGAGTCGACATAAGGCCTTTCTCCGATATAATTCCProkaryotic expression
AsPR1-4-F3ACGGGGGACGAGCTCGGTACCATGTCACAAAGCTTGCGAACCSubcellular localization
AsPR1-4-R3GCTCACCATGTCGACTCTAGAATAAGGCCTTTCTCCGATATAATTCCSubcellular localization
AsPR1-4-F4GCTACGCCACAACAATCACqRT-PCR
AsPR1-4-R4TCAAGGGCTGGAGTCTAATGqRT-PCR
AsRPL-FCGAACCCAATGAGGGAAAqRT-PCR
AsRPL-RTTGCTCCAAGACCTTAGCGqRT-PCR
), ArticleFig(id=1308497608499364588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308459350863933985, language=CN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Primer information

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
PrimerPrimer sequence (5'-3')Use
AsPR1-4-F1GCGCATGTCACAAAGCTTGCGAAGene cloning
AsPR1-4-R1GCGCTCAATAAGGCCTTTCTCCGATGene cloning
AsPR1-4-F2GATCTGGTTCCGCGTGGATCCATGTCACAAAGCTTGCGAACCProkaryotic expression
AsPR1-4-R2TAAGCTTGAGCTCGAGTCGACATAAGGCCTTTCTCCGATATAATTCCProkaryotic expression
AsPR1-4-F3ACGGGGGACGAGCTCGGTACCATGTCACAAAGCTTGCGAACCSubcellular localization
AsPR1-4-R3GCTCACCATGTCGACTCTAGAATAAGGCCTTTCTCCGATATAATTCCSubcellular localization
AsPR1-4-F4GCTACGCCACAACAATCACqRT-PCR
AsPR1-4-R4TCAAGGGCTGGAGTCTAATGqRT-PCR
AsRPL-FCGAACCCAATGAGGGAAAqRT-PCR
AsRPL-RTTGCTCCAAGACCTTAGCGqRT-PCR
), ArticleFig(id=1308497608595833581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308459350863933985, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Genome numberGene nameLength /bp
evm.model.Scaffold44.137AsPR1-1630
evm.model.Scaffold6.338AsPR1-21 119
evm.model.Scaffold5.6AsPR1-32 307
evm.model.Scaffold3.708AsPR1-4516
evm.model.Scaffold64.74AsPR1-51 101
evm.model.Scaffold21.121AsPR1-61 590
evm.model.Scaffold3.723AsPR1-71 941
evm.model.Scaffold23.10AsPR1-82 391
), ArticleFig(id=1308497608692302574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308459350863933985, language=CN, label=Tab.2, caption=

AsPR1 family gene in Aquilaria sinensis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Genome numberGene nameLength /bp
evm.model.Scaffold44.137AsPR1-1630
evm.model.Scaffold6.338AsPR1-21 119
evm.model.Scaffold5.6AsPR1-32 307
evm.model.Scaffold3.708AsPR1-4516
evm.model.Scaffold64.74AsPR1-51 101
evm.model.Scaffold21.121AsPR1-61 590
evm.model.Scaffold3.723AsPR1-71 941
evm.model.Scaffold23.10AsPR1-82 391
), ArticleFig(id=1308497608801354479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308459350863933985, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Protein IDMolecular weight/kDProtein isoelectricNumber of amino acidAliphatic indexGRAVYTransmenbrane domain numberSubcellular localization
AsPR1-123.263 469.3720969.67-0.4060Chlo
AsPR1-218.136 516.9416267.77-0.3781Chlo
AsPR1-343.408 884.9239586.35-0.0560Plas
AsPR1-419.171 629.3717157.78-0.4091Chlo
AsPR1-518.451 695.0216469.63-0.3111Extr
AsPR1-622.080.976.0919267.60-0.4300Extr
AsPR1-712.948 355.2411641.29-0.6430Chlo
AsPR1-816.895 899.1214944.70-0.7070Chlo
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Analysis of the physico-chemical properties of AsPR1 family gene in Aquilaria sinensis. GRAVY: Grand average of hydro‐pathicity

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Protein IDMolecular weight/kDProtein isoelectricNumber of amino acidAliphatic indexGRAVYTransmenbrane domain numberSubcellular localization
AsPR1-123.263 469.3720969.67-0.4060Chlo
AsPR1-218.136 516.9416267.77-0.3781Chlo
AsPR1-343.408 884.9239586.35-0.0560Plas
AsPR1-419.171 629.3717157.78-0.4091Chlo
AsPR1-518.451 695.0216469.63-0.3111Extr
AsPR1-622.080.976.0919267.60-0.4300Extr
AsPR1-712.948 355.2411641.29-0.6430Chlo
AsPR1-816.895 899.1214944.70-0.7070Chlo
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白木香病程相关蛋白1家族基因的鉴定及表达分析
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郑语嫣 1, 2 , 关范圆 1, 2 , 范菁 2 , 邱海玲 2 , 米芯雨 2 , 王宝纬 2 , 高博闻 3, * , 王晓晖 1, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2025,60(9): 2890-2900
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药学学报 |研究论文 2025 , 60 (9) : 2890 -2900
白木香病程相关蛋白1家族基因的鉴定及表达分析
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郑语嫣1, 2, 关范圆1, 2, 范菁2, 邱海玲2, 米芯雨2, 王宝纬2, 高博闻3, * , 王晓晖1, *
作者信息
  • 1北京中医药大学, 北京中医药研究院, 中药现代研究中心, 北京 102488
  • 2北京中医药大学中药学院, 北京 102488
  • 3包头医学院药学院, 内蒙古 包头 014040
通讯作者:
高博闻,E-mail:
王晓晖,E-mail:
作者简介:

#共同第一作者.

作者贡献:

郑语嫣、关范圆负责白木香AsPR1基因的挖掘、表达分析; 范菁、邱海玲、米芯雨、王宝纬负责收集、整理数据; 高博闻、王晓晖负责论文思路设计、指导实验、论文撰写与修改。所有作者参与论文修改。

Identification and expression analysis of pathogenesis-related proteins 1 family genes in Aquilaria sinensis
Yu-yan ZHENG1, 2, Fan-yuan GUAN1, 2, Jing FAN2, Hai-ling QIU2, Xin-yu MI2, Bao-wei WANG2, Bo-wen GAO3, * , Xiao-hui WANG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
  • 2School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
  • 3School of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, China
出版时间: 2025-09-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0168
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病程相关蛋白1 (pathogenesis-related proteins 1, PR1) 在植物抵御胁迫及生长发育中有着重要的作用。本研究通过生物信息学手段系统分析鉴定了8个白木香AsPR1基因, 预测其编码蛋白的分子质量在12.95~43.41 kD之间。蛋白的二维结构及保守基序分析表明, 8个AsPR1蛋白序列的相似度为51.38%, 都具有保守的CAP-PR1 (cysteine-rich secretory proteins, CAP) 结构域。顺式作用元件分析表明, AsPR1基因家族具有响应植物激素、非生物胁迫和生物进程相关的顺式作用元件。染色体定位显示AsPR1基因分布在1、3、4、8号染色体上。根据转录组分析数据本研究从白木香中克隆得到AsPR1-4序列, 全长为516 bp, 编码171个氨基酸; 成功进行AsPR1-4-GST融合蛋白表达。亚细胞定位实验结果表明AsPR1-4定位于细胞质和叶绿体中。实时荧光定量PCR结果表明, AsPR1-4在茎中表达量最高, 其次是根, 叶中最少; 茉莉酸甲酯(methyl jasmonate, MeJA) 和水杨酸(salicylic acid, SA) 诱导下AsPR1-4表达量均有不同程度的增加; 而AsPR1-4在盐、低温、重金属和干旱四种非生物胁迫下表达量均显著下降。本研究为进一步揭示PR1蛋白在白木香防御反应中的功能及其在沉香生产中的应用奠定基础。

白木香  /  病程相关蛋白1  /  生物信息学  /  非生物胁迫  /  表达分析

Pathogenesis related protein 1 (PR1) plays an important role in plant resistance to stress and growth and development. This study identified and systematically analyzed 8 AsPR1 genes in Aquilaria sinensis using bioinformatics methods. The predicted molecular weight of encoded AsPR1 proteins is between 12.95 kD and 43.41 kD. The two-dimensional structure and conserved motif analysis of the AsPR1 proteins demonstrated that the similarity of 8 AsPR1 proteins was 51.38%, and all 8 AsPR1 proteins had conserved CAP-PR1 domains. Cis-acting elements analysis showed that the AsPR1 gene family proteins have cis-acting elements that respond to plant hormones, abiotic stress, and biological processes. Chromosomal mapping showed that the AsPR1 gene was distributed on chromosomes 1, 3, 4 and 8. The full-length AsPR1-4 sequence was successfully cloned according to the transcriptome sequencing analysis from A. sinensis, which contains a 516 bp ORF that encodes 171 amino acids. Furthermore, we successfully expressed AsPR1-4-GST fusion protein. The subcellular localization experiments indicated that AsPR1-4 is located in the cytoplasm and chloroplast. The real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR results showed that AsPR1-4 had the highest expression level in stems, followed by roots, and the lowest expression level in leaves. Exogenous MeJA and SA significantly increased the expression of AsPR1-4 in Calli. Additionally, the transcripts level of AsPR1-4 remarkably decreased under four abiotic stresses, including salt, low temperature, heavy metals, and drought stress. This study lays the foundation for further elucidating the function of PR1 protein in the defense response of A. sinensis and its application in agarwood production.

Aquilaria sinensis  /  pathogenesis related protein 1  /  bioinformatics  /  abiotic stress  /  expression analysis
郑语嫣, 关范圆, 范菁, 邱海玲, 米芯雨, 王宝纬, 高博闻, 王晓晖. 白木香病程相关蛋白1家族基因的鉴定及表达分析. 药学学报, 2025 , 60 (9) : 2890 -2900 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0168
Yu-yan ZHENG, Fan-yuan GUAN, Jing FAN, Hai-ling QIU, Xin-yu MI, Bao-wei WANG, Bo-wen GAO, Xiao-hui WANG. Identification and expression analysis of pathogenesis-related proteins 1 family genes in Aquilaria sinensis[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2025 , 60 (9) : 2890 -2900 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0168
病程相关蛋白(pathogenesis-related proteins, PRs) 是一种在植物中普遍存在的低分子质量蛋白质, 约6~43 kD, 分布于所有植物器官中[1, 2], 由植物在受到病原菌感染后诱导产生, 可在植物细胞内和细胞外发挥作用, 是植物系统获得性反应的重要因素。根据蛋白质序列相似性、酶活性和其他生物学特性, PRs可分为17个家族(PR1~PR17), 各个家族的PRs蛋白的生物学功能各不相同, 具有抗细菌、真菌、病毒等病原生物攻击以及抗盐、低温、干旱等非生物胁迫的作用, 还对植物的开花、衰老等生理过程具有重要的影响。PR1蛋白是一个更广泛的蛋白质家族CAP蛋白超家族的成员, 包括富含半胱氨酸的分泌蛋白、抗原5和PR1蛋白[3]。CAP蛋白普遍具有保守的CAP结构域, 由约150种氨基酸组成, 广泛存在于不同物种中, 包括微生物、植物和动物, 发挥着多种生物作用[4]。对番茄PR1蛋白P14a结构的核磁共振结构研究发现CAP结构域具有独特的α-β-α三明治结构, 通常由4条α螺旋和4条β折叠组成, 通过保守的二硫键形成紧密的分子结构[5]。此外, PR1蛋白中还具有其他功能基序, 如与抗胁迫相关的基序为PxGNxxxxxPY的信号肽(CAP-derived peptide 1, CAPE1)、与甾醇结合相关基序(caveolin-binding motif, CBM)、保守的CNYx基序(位于CAPE肽N端的与CAPE裂解相关基序)、与离子结合相关的基序CAP四元体, 以及位于N端的与蛋白分泌相关的信号肽(SP)[6]。
在植物中, PR1蛋白是防御反应中最大量产生的蛋白之一, PR1蛋白最早是从感染烟草花叶病毒的烟草中发现的[7]。在被病原体感染的烟草中PR1蛋白占叶片总蛋白的2%[8]。此外, 研究表明PR1蛋白在植物抗非生物胁迫中起重要作用[9-13], 在SA依赖的防御反应中表达的上调, 使其被用来作为防御反应的标记使用。PR1作为标记基因参与了SA介导的植物对各种生物和非生物胁迫的防御反应[14]。青稞(Hordeum vulgare)、香蕉(Musa paradisiaca)、玉米(Zea mays) 等在真菌诱导下PR1表达上调[15-17]; 燕麦(Avena sativa) 在高温、盐、干旱胁迫下[18]、圆锥小麦(Triticum turgidum) 在盐胁迫下PR1表达上调[19]; 陆地棉(Gossypium hirsutum) 在真菌及干旱诱导下PR1表达均上调[20]。而MeJA、乙烯(ethylene, ET) 合成直接前体(ACC) 和脱落酸(abscisic acid, ABA) 也能诱导PR1基因的表达[21]。同时, PR1蛋白也在植物生长发育中发挥重要的生理作用[6]。
2020版《中华人民共和国药典》规定我国中药沉香的唯一基原植物是瑞香科沉香属植物白木香(Aquilaria sinensis)。沉香是由白木香在受到真菌侵染及非生物胁迫后产生, 具有重要的药用价值和经济价值。沉香作为传统中药, 在《名医别录》中被收载为上品, 具有行气止痛、温中止呕和纳气平喘等功效, 可用于治疗胃痛、呕吐呃逆、高热、咳嗽和喘息症状等。白木香野生资源遭受了过度砍伐已经濒于枯竭, 被列入《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》(CITES) 附录Ⅱ, 成为国家濒危二级保护植物[22]。近年来, 高效结香的白木香品种的选育及高效结香技术的开发成为研究的热点。因此挖掘白木香中响应各种生物和非生物胁迫的基因并探讨其生物学功能具有重要意义[23-30]。PR1蛋白在植物胁迫响应及生长发育过程中具有重要的作用, 但是在白木香中还未有相关报道。本研究利用白木香基因组数据库结合生物信息学手段, 鉴定出8个白木香PR1基因。随后进行蛋白理化特性及系统进化树分析, 并进行了蛋白保守基序、染色体定位、启动子区域分析。本研究对AsPR1-4基因进行了克隆和表达以及亚细胞定位, 分析其在MeJA和SA及非生物胁迫诱导下的表达水平, 并分析其在白木香不同部位的表达量。研究结果为揭示PR1蛋白在白木香防御反应中的功能及其在白木香品种及沉香结香技术中的应用奠定基础。
材料   选用实验室恒温箱生长的长势一致的白木香愈伤组织, 白木香幼苗取材于中国广东省电白县南药开发有限公司, 选取幼嫩茎段和新鲜全展叶片作为愈伤组织培养外植体。经过10 μmol·L-1 MeJA诱导0、12、24、36、48 h和100 mmol·L-1 SA诱导0、12、24、36、48 h后, 用液氮研磨后提取RNA作为样品(MeJA和SA均来自默克生命科学, 货号为39924-52-2和69-72-7), 以未经激素胁迫于营养液中正常生长的愈伤组织为0 h对照组, 检测AsPR1-4基因在两种外源激素胁迫下的表达差异, 并参照课题组之前报道的方法[21]考察盐、重金属、低温和干旱胁迫下愈伤组织中AsPR1-4基因的表达情况。按照OMEGA植物RNA提取试剂盒(货号为R6827-01) 说明书提取RNA, NanoDrop分光光度计(美国ThermoFisher Scientific公司) 检测RNA浓度, 通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳(北京龙方科技有限公司, LF-2000S) 检测RNA质量。利用诺唯赞反转录试剂盒(货号为R312) 将RNA反转录为第一链(cDNA), 操作按说明书进行, 再使用全式金荧光染料(货号AQ601) 按说明书进行qRT-PCR操作。
引物设计   以白木香中AsPR1-4基因的CDS序列为模板, 根据引物设计基本原则, 针对亚细胞定位、原核表达等不同载体用SnapGene软件设计同源重组引物, 用于后续载体构建, 用Primer 5设计后续实时荧光定量PCR实验内参基因与目标基因的引物(表1)。
白木香AsPR1家族的鉴定   从拟南芥TAIR (https://www.arabidopsis.org/) 下载拟南芥病程相关蛋白PR1氨基酸序列, 从NCBI官网搜索烟草PR1蛋白, 下载其氨基酸序列, 从GigaDB数据库(http://gifadb.org/) 下载白木香基因组数据。以拟南芥和烟草氨基酸序列为对照, 利用TBtools进行blast, 得到白木香中PR1蛋白基因的候选序列。在Pfam官网(http://pfam.xfam.org/) 下载PR1蛋白的隐马尔可夫模型文件(PF00188), 接着用TBtools进行HMM Search, 获得候选基因家族成员。将以上两种方法获得的候选基因家族成员取交集, 利用NCBI-Batch CDD-Search进行结构域验证, 参照之前报道方法[21]获得白木香AsPR1蛋白的等电点、跨膜数量、亚细胞定位等理化性质。
构建进化树   用MEGA软件比对白木香、拟南芥、烟草PR蛋白序列, 将比对文件导入TBtools, 采用最大似然法构建进化树, 循环1 000次, 最后用iTOL (https://itol.embl.de/itol.cgi) 在线网站美化进化树。
白木香AsPR1蛋白二级结构预测及信号肽预测   用MEGA软件比对AsPR1s和ATCAPE6蛋白序列, 在Uniprot网站(https://www.uniprot.org/) 中下载ATCAPE6的三级结构文件, 将比对文件和三级结构文件均上传到EsPript3.0在线网站(https://espript.ibcp.fr/ESPript/cgi-bin/ESPript.cgi), 获得二级结构预测结果及序列对比图。将AsPR1-1~8的氨基酸序列上传至DTU Health Tech以获得AsPR1蛋白的信号肽位置。
白木香AsPR1蛋白保守基序、染色体定位及启动子区域分析   将序列上传至MEME网站进行分析, 基序的数目设为6个。用TBtools分析白木香各PR1蛋白染色体定位, 并获取基因上游2 000 bp片段的碱基序列。将碱基序列提交至PlantCARE网站进行启动子分析, 通过TBtools进行可视化分析。
白木香AsPR1-4的克隆和原核表达   AsPR1-4基因扩增引物见表1, PCR反应体系包括白木香cDNA模板1 μL, 上、下游引物各2 μL, 缓冲液2.5 μL, 诺唯赞高保真DNA聚合酶1 μL, dNTP Mix (10 mmol·L-1 each) 1 μL, dd H2O加至总体积25 μL; 反应条件: 95 ℃ 3 min, 95 ℃ 15 s, Tm 15 s, 72 ℃ 30 s, 35个循环, 72 ℃ 5 min。胶回收产物连接pCE2 TA/Blunt-Zero载体后测序。利用带有BamHⅠ和SalⅠ的特异性引物进行PCR扩增, 引物见表1, 将含有特异性引物的基因片段连接到pGEX-KG载体上, 挑选测序正确的克隆菌落摇菌, 提取质粒转化到大肠杆菌表达菌株BL21(DE3) 感受态细胞中, 利用IPTG (isopropyl β-D-thiogalactoside) (MCE, 货号367-93-1) 进行诱导表达, 然后收集表达后的菌体, 并进行超声破碎, 离心取上清液用碧云天GST-tag凝胶(货号: P2253) 进行纯化, 利用SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) 凝胶电泳检测。
白木香AsPR1蛋白亚细胞定位   利用BamHⅠ和KpnⅠ双酶切载体pCAMBIA1300-35S-GFP, 设计引物构建pCAMBIA1300-35S-GFP-AsPR1-4质粒(表1)。将构建好的pCAMBIA1300-35S-GFP-AsPR1-4、pCAMBIA1300-35S-GFP分别转化根癌农杆菌GV3101, 同时分别共转GHD7-mCherry质粒作为细胞核定位标志物(marker), 摇菌后注射烟草叶片。烟草暗处理48 h后于激光共聚焦显微镜下观察荧光信号分布情况, 确定目标蛋白的亚细胞定位。
白木香AsPR1-4基因在不同胁迫处理下、不同组织中的表达分析   利用实时荧光定量PCR (qRT-PCR) 考察AsPR1-4基因在MeJA和SA以及不同非生物胁迫下的表达情况, 选取白木香AsRPL基因[31]作为目标基因定量表达的内参基因, 引物见表1, 反应体系与程序、相对定量分析与统计学分析见之前报道方法[21]。不同组织中的表达分析, 采用实验室保存的白木香根、茎、叶部位提取的cDNA进行qRT-PCR实验, 方法同胁迫处理检测方法。每个反应设置三个重复, 根据熔解曲线判断RT-PCR产物的特异性, 将RT-PCR数据使用Microsoft Excel Software 2020及GraphPad Prism 9进行统计分析, 采用2-△△Cq方法进行计算, 实验数据以均数±标准差(x±s) 表示, 采用配对单因素方差分析(analysis of variance, ANOVA) 对Duncan's进行单因素检验, 其中P < 0.05为显著性差异, P < 0.01为极显著性差异。
通过白木香基因组数据库和生物信息学分析, 确定了8个AsPR1基因序列(表2)。白木香AsPR1蛋白的分子质量在12.95 kD (AsPR1-7)~43.41 kD (AsPR1-3) 之间; 最长的AsPR1-3含有395个氨基酸残基, 最短的AsPR1-7含有116个氨基酸残基; pI值在4.92 (AsPR1-3)~9.37 (AsPR1-1、AsPR1-4) 之间; 通过Aliphatic index值及GRAVY值可以看出蛋白的亲水性普遍较好; AsPR1-2、AsPR1-4、AsPR1-5具有一个跨膜域, 其余蛋白无跨膜域; 亚细胞定位预测结果表明这些PRs蛋白主要定位于叶绿体、细胞质和细胞外(表3)。
为研究白木香AsPR1家族与其他植物PR1蛋白之间的进化关系, 将20个来自拟南芥的PR1蛋白、8个来自烟草的PR1蛋白和8个白木香AsPR1蛋白序列进行多序列比对并构建进化树。通过进化树分析, 所有PR-1蛋白聚类为3组: A组包括9个拟南芥中的PR1蛋白、4个烟草中的PR1蛋白和4个白木香的AsPR1蛋白(AsPR1-1、AsPR1-4、AsPR1-6、AsPR1-8); B组含有8个拟南芥的PR1蛋白和4个烟草中的PR1蛋白; C组包括3个拟南芥PR1蛋白和4个白木香的AsPR1蛋白(AsPR1-2、AsPR1-3、AsPR1-5、AsPR1-7, 图1)。A、B、C组分类主要基于序列同源性和系统发育关系。其中AsPR1-4与AsPR1-8归为一支, 与拟南芥ATCAPE6亲缘关系较近; AsPR1-2、AsPR1-3、AsPR1-5、AsPR1-7亲缘关系较近, 四者都是酸性蛋白。
将8个白木香AsPR1家族蛋白以及与AsPR1-4和AsPR1-8亲缘关系最近的拟南芥ATCAPE6蛋白进行二级结构分析, 结果显示蛋白序列的相似度为51.38%; ATCAPE6以及AsPR1-1、AsPR1-2、AsPR1-3、AsPR1-4、AsPR1-5、AsPR1-6在N端均有信号肽, 而AsPR1-7和AsPR1-8没有信号肽; 除个别位点的突变外, 所有蛋白都具有PR1蛋白保守的CAP功能域, 包括CAP四元体结构、6个保守的半胱氨酸残基、CBM基序、CAPE1肽以及位于CAPE1肽N端的保守的CNYx基序(图2A)。
对白木香AsPR1蛋白序列进行保守基序分析, 预测出6个motif (图2B)。AsPR1-1、AsPR1-2、AsPR1-3、AsPR1-4、AsPR1-5、AsPR1-6都具有相同的保守基序motif1、motif2、motif3、motif4、motif5, 其中AsPR1-3还具有motif6; 而AsPR1-7具有motif1、motif2、motif4、motif5、motif6; AsPR1-8具有motif2、motif3、motif4、motif5 (图2C)。每个AsPR1蛋白都具有一个保守的CAP-PR1结构域。
根据白木香基因组注释的染色体定位信息, 将8个AsPR1基因进行染色体信息可视化分析, 结果显示AsPR1基因分布在1、3、4、8号染色体上, 其中AsPR1-1和AsPR1-2位于1号染色体上; AsPR1-3位于3号染色体上; AsPR1-4、AsPR1-5、AsPR1-7、AsPR1-8位于4号染色体上; AsPR1-6位于8号染色体上(图3A)。AsPR1-4、AsPR1-7、AsPR1-8在4号染色体上串联排列有利于这些基因在受到胁迫后快速激活成簇表达。
对AsPR1基因的启动子顺式作用元件分析结果显示, AsPR1启动子中存在许多激素响应元件、应激响应元件和植物生长发育相关元件(图3B)。响应激素元件如SA、MeJA、ABA, 尤其是SA和MeJA, 与植物对胁迫的抗性密切相关。SA顺式作用元件存在于AsPR1-1、AsPR1-4、AsPR1-5基因的启动子中, MeJA顺式作用元件存在于AsPR1-4、AsPR1-5、AsPR1-6、AsPR1-7基因的启动子中。推断的AsPR1启动子中还发现了光响应性、分生组织表达、厌氧诱导、低温反应、MYBHv1结合位点、种子特异性调控、玉米醇溶蛋白代谢调控、MYB结合位点、缺氧诱导的顺式作用元件。表明AsPR1基因可能在白木香抗胁迫以及生长发育中具有多种功能。
课题组前期的研究结果表明盐胁迫能够诱导白木香愈伤组织中2-苯乙基色酮的产生, 同时课题组前期也在盐胁迫诱导24和120 h进行了转录组测序分析, 本研究对不同时间段的PR1基因表达量进行分析, 发现盐胁迫能够显著诱导PR1-4基因的表达, 因此对白木香基因组进行本地Blast, 寻找到同源性最高的一条AsPR1-4基因, 并且以白木香愈伤组织的cDNA为模板, 扩增得到AsPR1-4基因的序列全长为500~750 bp的片段(图3C)。通过比对测序结果和转录组数据分析, 确定扩增的产物为白木香AsPR1-4基因。AsPR1-4序列全长为516 bp, 编码171个氨基酸。将构建成功的重组质粒pGEX-KG-AsPR1-4和空载体pGEX-KG转入大肠杆菌中, 表达纯化后进行SDS-PAGE检测。结果表明在40~50 kD之间发现有特异性片段, 与预测AsPR1-4-GST分子质量45.5 kD相符, 证明AsPR1-4-GST融合蛋白表达成功(图3D)。亚细胞定位实验结果可以看到, AsPR1-4:GFP融合蛋白的荧光信号主要分布在细胞质和叶绿体中, 对照组分布在细胞的各个部分, 表明AsPR1-4定位于细胞质和叶绿体中(图3E)。
根据顺式作用元件预测结果表明AsPR1-4基因可能受到SA和MeJA的诱导, 因此将白木香愈伤组织分别用SA和MeJA进行诱导。从图4中可以看出, SA可明显诱导AsPR1-4基因的表达, 与0 h对照组相比, 100 mmol·L-1 SA诱导下AsPR1-4基因表达量随诱导时间先升高后下降, 在24 h表达量最高(图4A)。AsPR1-4基因的表达对MeJA诱导更为敏感, 与对照组相比, 10 μmol·L-1 MeJA可明显诱导AsPR1-4基因的表达, 且表达量在12 h时最高, 随着时间增加表达量逐渐降低, 48 h表达量与对照组持平(图4B)。总之, SA和MeJA均能诱导AsPR1-4基因表达量不同程度的增加。从AsPR1-4基因在白木香根、茎、叶中的表达分析图中可以看到, AsPR1-4基因在茎中表达量最高, 其次是根, 叶中最少(图4C)。
AsPR1-4基因在4种非生物胁迫诱导下表达量均显著下降(图4)。与对照组相比, 盐胁迫下AsPR1-4基因的表达量在12 h时下降最多, 在48 h后反而呈现升高趋势(图4D); AsPR1-4基因在低温胁迫12 h表达量明显下降, 且随时间推移持续下降, 在48 h时最低(图4E); AsPR1-4基因的表达量在重金属胁迫下在12 h明显降低, 在36 h时降至最低, 在48 h有所升高(图4F); 最后, AsPR1-4对PEG6000模拟的干旱胁迫反应最为强烈, 12~48 h表达量均显著下降, 仅仅为对照组表达量的25%左右(图4G)。综上所述, AsPR1-4基因可明显响应盐、低温、重金属和干旱四种非生物胁迫。
PR-1家族成员已在许多植物物种中被系统地鉴定出来, 如胡椒(Piper nigrum) 中的鉴定了11个[32], 小麦(Triticum durum) 的鉴定了12个[33], 番茄(Solanum lycopersicum) 中鉴定了13个基因[34]等。本实验首次从白木香中鉴定了8个AsPR1基因, 并进行了生物信息学分析, 选择AsPR1-4为研究对象进行了分子克隆、蛋白表达和亚细胞定位, 随后考察了激素诱导和非生物胁迫下该基因的表达情况, 研究结果可为该类基因进一步的研究和应用提供科学依据。
植物中PR-1蛋白可分为酸性蛋白和碱性蛋白[35]。系统进化树分析结果表明, 8个白木香的AsPR1蛋白分在两个组中, 其中3个碱性蛋白(AsPR1-1、AsPR1-4、AsPR1-8) 和一个酸性蛋白(AsPR1-6) 在一个组中; 而4个酸性蛋白(AsPR1-2、AsPR1-3、AsPR1-5、AsPR1-7) 在一个组中。PR-1蛋白大致可根据酸性和碱性分布于不同的组中, 如水稻的OsPR1基因等[36], 但是也有例外, 如番茄的SlPR-1基因中, 编码碱性蛋白和酸性蛋白的基因出现在同一个谱系中[34]。PR-1家族基序是高度保守的。通过对8个AsPR1家族生物信息学分析发现AsPR1都具有保守的CAP-PR1结构域, 该结构是其发挥生物学功能的基础。研究表明PR1蛋白在植物抗病原体与非生物胁迫中的功能与CBM基序和CAPE1肽的释放密切相关。值得注意的是, 除AsPR1-7和AsPR1-8外, 所有AsPR1基因的氨基酸序列在N端都含有一个SP。SP是一个编码疏水氨基酸序列的RNA区域, 是蛋白质N端的短暂延伸, 在N端含有SP的PR1蛋白可能被引导到特殊的亚细胞结构中或细胞外以维护细胞功能[37]。在进化过程中, 快速激活以应对外界胁迫的基因内含子密度可能会降低[38], 不含内含子的基因表达比含有内含子的基因更快[39]。PR-1基因大多不含有内含子, 8个AsPR1中只有AsPR1-3、AsPR1-6、AsPR1-8具有内含子, 其他AsPR1基因都没有内含子, 这有利于植物响应胁迫中基因的快速表达。在白木香AsPR1基因的启动子顺式作用元件分析中发现了许多参与应激、生长发育和激素反应的顺式作用元件。如AsPR1-4、AsPR1-5启动子同时具有SA和JA顺式作用元件, SA和JA/ET介导的信号通路在植物免疫信号网络中发挥重要作用。PR1裂解释放的防御信号肽(CAPE1) 可诱导MeJA和SA的生物合成[40]抵御胁迫, 同时该分子还刺激防御基因, 使植物对病原菌产生免疫反应。在AsPR1-2、AsPR1-5、AsPR1-6、AsPR1-7中具有MYB转录因子(TFs) 的结合域, TFs在植物生长发育、生理活性、初级和次级代谢反应以及对生物和非生物胁迫的响应等方面具有不同的作用[41]。此外, 在启动子区域还检测到了光响应性、分生组织表达、厌氧诱导、低温反应等顺式作用元件, 这些表明AsPR1蛋白可能在植物代谢和发育中具有重要意义。
在SA和MeJA诱导下, AsPR1-4基因表达量均有不同程度的增加, 表明AsPR1-4基因可积极响应两种激素的诱导, 这进一步验证了之前AsPR1-4基因启动子顺式作用元件分析结果。有意思的是AsPR1-4基因在盐、低温、重金属和干旱四种非生物胁迫下表达量均显著下降。尽管很多植物在受到胁迫后PR1基因表现为正调控, 如拟南芥中OsPR1a的过表达增强了转基因植物对盐胁迫的耐受性[13]; SfPR1a基因在转基因烟草中的过表达增强了对干旱和盐的抗性[42]等。但是也有一些基因在胁迫诱导下表现为负调控, 如拟南芥的AT4G33730基因(命名为PROATCAPE1) 是一个盐响应基因, 在高盐胁迫下表达减少, 沉默PROATCAPE1导致转基因植株在高盐培养基上的存活率提高[43]。在根中PROATCAPE3基因在盐度、渗透、干旱和寒冷胁迫下减少, PROATCAPE4基因在盐和渗透压胁迫下下调, PROATCAPE6基因在盐、渗透和干旱胁迫下表达受到抑制[43]。目前的研究结果表明PR1基因的表达通常与耐胁迫基因表达密切相关, 这些负向调控植物胁迫的PR1基因通常抑制抗胁迫基因的表达[43]。因此AsPR1-4也有可能通过抑制抗胁迫基因的表达, 负向调控白木香的抗盐、低温、干旱及重金属的能力。不同部位的表达分析结果发现, AsPR1-4基因在茎中表达量最高, 其次是根, 叶中最少。由于沉香是白木香受到胁迫逐渐形成的含树脂的心材, 而实验证明AsPR1-4基因在茎中表达量最高, 且可以积极响应SA和MeJA以及非生物胁迫诱导, 因此推测AsPR1-4基因可能在白木香开启防御反应, 产生沉香的过程中发挥作用。综上所述, 白木香AsPR1基因可能在其结香过程中发挥重要作用, 其具体生物学机制目前尚不明确, 值得进一步深入研究。

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2025年第60卷第9期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0168
  • 接收时间:2025-02-20
  • 首发时间:2026-09-20
  • 出版时间:2025-09-12
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-20
  • 修回日期:2025-06-22
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    1北京中医药大学, 北京中医药研究院, 中药现代研究中心, 北京 102488
    2北京中医药大学中药学院, 北京 102488
    3包头医学院药学院, 内蒙古 包头 014040

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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种数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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