Article(id=1308459289098605236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308459188263342104, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0013, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1736092800000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-06, revisedDate=1748448000000, revisedDateStr=2025-05-29, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789890604518, onlineDateStr=2026-09-20, pubDate=1757606400000, pubDateStr=2025-09-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789890604518, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789890604518, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789890604518, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1308459188263342104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2025', volume='60', issue='9', pageStart='2649', pageEnd='2912', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1757606400000', pubDateStr='2025-09-12', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789890580478, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789893297273, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1308470583390401503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308459188263342104, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1308470583390401504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308459188263342104, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2827, endPage=2836, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1308459289291543221, articleId=1308459289098605236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Exploring the mechanism of action of Gouteng Xuanshen Granules in patients with prehypertension based on metabolomics, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Gouteng Xuanshen Granules, as an institutional preparation of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, have shown significant efficacy in reducing blood pressure, but their mechanisms of action are not yet fully understood. This study used HPLC-MS to perform non-targeted metabolomics analysis on serum samples from subjects, including those with prehypertension (PHT) and healthy individuals. TCMSP was used to identify the active components of Gouteng Xuanshen Granules. Databases like Gene Cards and OMIM were used to predict potential targets related to normal high blood pressure and to explore the antihypertensive effects of the granules on PHT. The study recruited 20 patients with prehypertension meeting the diagnostic criteria into the PHT group (Group P) and 20 healthy volunteers into the control group (Group C). The prehypertension group was administered Gouteng Xuanshen Granules (Group GT). The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, and informed consent was obtained from all participants [ethical review approval number: (2022) Lun Review No. (036)-KY]. All subjects underwent four lipid tests and blood pressure measurements. Blood samples were collected once before and after administration of the granules in the prehypertension group, and once at enrollment in the control group. HPLC/MS was used to analyze serum samples from all subjects. The results showed that after administration of the granules, patients with prehypertension had a significant decrease in blood pressure and changes in the four lipid parameters. Metabolomics analysis revealed significant changes in purine metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, and sphingolipid metabolism after granule administration. Network pharmacology analysis suggested that the granules primarily exert their antihypertensive effects by acting on targets such as SIRT1, STAT3, and AKT1. This study provides preliminary insights into the metabolic differences among healthy individuals, those with prehypertension, and the treatment group, offering valuable references for the prevention and treatment of prehypertension. The study preliminarily analyzed the metabolic differences among healthy individuals, patients with elevated blood pressure within the normal range, and those treated with Gouteng Xuanshen Granules, providing valuable reference for the prevention and treatment of elevated blood pressure within the normal range.

, authors=Jing-yi WANG1, Bo-yang LI1, Dan-yang WANG1, Dong-mei QI2, 3, 4, *, authorsList=Jing-yi WANG, Bo-yang LI, Dan-yang WANG, Dong-mei QI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Dong-mei QI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1308459290709217990, articleId=1308459289098605236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=基于代谢组学探讨钩藤玄参颗粒干预正常高值血压患者的作用机制, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

钩藤玄参颗粒作为山东中医药大学附属医院院内制剂在降血压方面疗效显著但作用机制尚不十分明确。研究采用高效液相色谱质谱联用(high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, HPLC-MS) 技术对受试者的血清样本进行非靶向代谢组学分析并通过中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台(TCMSP) 筛选钩藤玄参颗粒活性成分, Gene Cards、OMIM等数据库对正常高值血压相关的潜在靶点进行预测分析以探讨钩藤玄参颗粒对正常高值血压(prehypertension, PHT) 的降压作用。临床招募符合诊断标准的正常高值血压患者20例为正常高值血压组(P组), 另招募20例健康志愿者为正常组(C组)。正常高值血压组服用钩藤玄参颗粒, 为钩藤玄参颗粒给药组(GT组)。本实验获得山东中医药大学附属医院伦理委员会批准, 并得到所有参与者的知情同意。伦理审查批件号: (2022) 伦审No. (036)-KY。对所有受试者进行血脂四项检测及血压测量。正常高值血压组分别在给药钩藤玄参颗粒前后采血一次, 正常组入组时采血一次。采用HPLC/MS对所有受试者血清样本进行分析, 实验结果发现, 钩藤玄参颗粒给药后, 正常高值血压患者血压明显下降, 血脂四项发生改变; 代谢组学结果显示嘌呤代谢、精氨酸生物合成和鞘脂代谢在钩藤玄参颗粒给药后发生了显著改变; 网络药理学结果提示钩藤玄参颗粒主要通过作用于SIRT1、STAT3、AKT1等靶点发挥降压作用。研究初步分析了健康人群、正常高值血压患者与钩藤玄参颗粒治疗组人群的代谢差异, 为正常高值血压的未病防治提供了参考价值。

, authors=王婧毅1, 李博杨1, 王丹阳1, 齐冬梅2, 3, 4, *, authorsList=王婧毅, 李博杨, 王丹阳, 齐冬梅, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=齐冬梅, authorNote=

作者贡献:

王婧毅参与了实验操作、数据处理和文章撰写; 李博杨参与了实验操作; 王丹阳指导实验及文章修改; 齐冬梅提出整体设计并指导文章修改。

, correspAuthorsNote=
齐冬梅,E-mail:
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Biology, 2023, 12: 556., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308498912432980063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308459289098605236, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=40, rfOrder=39, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Gu Y, Mohammad IS, Liu Z. Overview of the STAT-3 signaling pathway in cancer and the development of specific inhibitors [J]. Oncol Lett, 2020, 19: 2585-2594., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308498912495894624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308459289098605236, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=41, rfOrder=40, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Moon J, Cho KH, Jhun J, et al. Small heterodimer partner-interacting leucine zipper protein suppresses pain and cartilage destruction in an osteoarthritis model by modulating the AMPK/STAT3 signaling pathway [J]. Arthritis Res Ther, 2024, 26: 199., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308498912554614881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308459289098605236, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=42, rfOrder=41, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wastag M, Bieżuńska-Kusiak K, Szewczyk A, et al. Celastrol and rhynchophylline in the mitigation of simulated muscle atrophy under in vitro [J]. 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A: Intersection targets between the components of Gouteng Xuanshen Granules and prehypertension (PHT) disease; B: Core targets diagram; C: KEGG analysis; D: GO enrichment analysis, figureFileSmall=C8IAvW1nKT4v7i3FeeUrcw==, figureFileBig=0dij0CHm5LN9M2e+/hWSqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308498907223654450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308459289098605236, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ParameterCPGT
Gender (F)12/2011/2011/20
Gender (M)8/209/209/20
Age/y34.6 ± 7.2838.8 ± 6.12**38.8 ± 6.12
), ArticleFig(id=1308498907286569011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308459289098605236, language=CN, label=Tab.1, caption=

General clinical characteristics of participants. C: Control; P: Prehypertension; GT: Gouteng Xuanshen Granules. **P < 0.01 vs control

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ParameterCPGT
Gender (F)12/2011/2011/20
Gender (M)8/209/209/20
Age/y34.6 ± 7.2838.8 ± 6.12**38.8 ± 6.12
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No.tR/minFormulaNameError/10-6MassHMDBIDAdduct
10.70C4H7NO4L-Aspartic acid-1.11113.995 9HMDB0000191[M-H2O-H]-
24.56C5H12N2O2Ornithine-1.94131.069 9HMDB0000214[M-H]-
33.24C10H12N5O7PGuanosine 2', 3'-cyclic phosphate-0.24325.861 6HMDB0011629[M-H2O-H]-
40.01C5H5N5Adenine-0.64136.060 2HMDB0000034[M+H]+
50.12C9H19N5O4Arginylserine-1.05262.237 3HMDB0028718[M+H]+
60.19C15H23N3O4Lysyltyrosine4.13274.273 7HMDB0028963[M+H-2H2O]+
70.38C18H39NO2Sphinganine1.74284.294 1HMDB0000269[M+H-H2O]+
80.24C11H21N5O5γ-Glutamylarginine4.47286.143 6HMDB0029143[M+H-H2O]+
90.11C15H23N5O3Arginylphenylalanine1.31286.200 9HMDB0028716[M+H-2H2O]+
100.20C20H36O2Eicosadienoic acid0.39291.271 5HMDB0005060[M+H-H2O]+
110.16C12H26N8O3Arginylarginine-1.33295.171 9HMDB0028703[M+H-2H2O]+
120.23C22H42O2Catelaidic acid2.62303.308 3HMDB0031013[M+H-2H2O]+
130.38C15H23N5O4Arginyltyrosine-1.35338.340 9HMDB0028721[M+H]+
140.06C18H38NO5PSphingosine 1-phosphate-1.01344.227 5HMDB0000277[M+H-2H2O]+
150.15C25H47NO4Oleoylcarnitine4.13408.285 3HMDB0005065[M+H-H2O]+
160.28C21H41O7PDHAP (18:0)0.66437.193 6HMDB0011133[M+H] +
170.30C23H48NO7PLysoPE (18:0/0:0)-5.59482.323 3HMDB0011130[M+H] +
180.29C24H48NO7PLysoPC (16:1/0:0)4.32494.323 6HMDB0010383[M+H] +
190.33C25H40N2O6SLeukotriene D43.44497.342 7HMDB0003080[M+H] +
200.36C25H52NO7PLysoPC (17:0/0:0)-0.36510.355 0HMDB0012108[M+H] +
216.14C10H16N5O13P3Adenosine triphosphate-1.03507.343 8HMDB0000538[M+H] +
220.73C5H4N4OHypoxanthine4.57136.060 2HMDB0000157[M+H] +
2319.74C10H14N5O7PAdenosine monophosphate-2.71345.096 2HMDB0000045[M-H]-
), ArticleFig(id=1308498907429175349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308459289098605236, language=CN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Differential metabolic biomarkers amang groups. tR: Retention time

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No.tR/minFormulaNameError/10-6MassHMDBIDAdduct
10.70C4H7NO4L-Aspartic acid-1.11113.995 9HMDB0000191[M-H2O-H]-
24.56C5H12N2O2Ornithine-1.94131.069 9HMDB0000214[M-H]-
33.24C10H12N5O7PGuanosine 2', 3'-cyclic phosphate-0.24325.861 6HMDB0011629[M-H2O-H]-
40.01C5H5N5Adenine-0.64136.060 2HMDB0000034[M+H]+
50.12C9H19N5O4Arginylserine-1.05262.237 3HMDB0028718[M+H]+
60.19C15H23N3O4Lysyltyrosine4.13274.273 7HMDB0028963[M+H-2H2O]+
70.38C18H39NO2Sphinganine1.74284.294 1HMDB0000269[M+H-H2O]+
80.24C11H21N5O5γ-Glutamylarginine4.47286.143 6HMDB0029143[M+H-H2O]+
90.11C15H23N5O3Arginylphenylalanine1.31286.200 9HMDB0028716[M+H-2H2O]+
100.20C20H36O2Eicosadienoic acid0.39291.271 5HMDB0005060[M+H-H2O]+
110.16C12H26N8O3Arginylarginine-1.33295.171 9HMDB0028703[M+H-2H2O]+
120.23C22H42O2Catelaidic acid2.62303.308 3HMDB0031013[M+H-2H2O]+
130.38C15H23N5O4Arginyltyrosine-1.35338.340 9HMDB0028721[M+H]+
140.06C18H38NO5PSphingosine 1-phosphate-1.01344.227 5HMDB0000277[M+H-2H2O]+
150.15C25H47NO4Oleoylcarnitine4.13408.285 3HMDB0005065[M+H-H2O]+
160.28C21H41O7PDHAP (18:0)0.66437.193 6HMDB0011133[M+H] +
170.30C23H48NO7PLysoPE (18:0/0:0)-5.59482.323 3HMDB0011130[M+H] +
180.29C24H48NO7PLysoPC (16:1/0:0)4.32494.323 6HMDB0010383[M+H] +
190.33C25H40N2O6SLeukotriene D43.44497.342 7HMDB0003080[M+H] +
200.36C25H52NO7PLysoPC (17:0/0:0)-0.36510.355 0HMDB0012108[M+H] +
216.14C10H16N5O13P3Adenosine triphosphate-1.03507.343 8HMDB0000538[M+H] +
220.73C5H4N4OHypoxanthine4.57136.060 2HMDB0000157[M+H] +
2319.74C10H14N5O7PAdenosine monophosphate-2.71345.096 2HMDB0000045[M-H]-
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Arginine biosynthesis0.003 10.124 230.063 8
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基于代谢组学探讨钩藤玄参颗粒干预正常高值血压患者的作用机制
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王婧毅 1 , 李博杨 1 , 王丹阳 1 , 齐冬梅 2, 3, 4, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2025,60(9): 2827-2836
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药学学报 |研究论文 2025 , 60 (9) : 2827 -2836
基于代谢组学探讨钩藤玄参颗粒干预正常高值血压患者的作用机制
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王婧毅1, 李博杨1, 王丹阳1, 齐冬梅2, 3, 4, *
作者信息
  • 1山东中医药大学中医药创新研究院, 山东 济南 250355
  • 2山东中医药大学实验中心, 山东 济南 250355
  • 3山东省中医药基础研究重点实验室, 山东 济南 250355
  • 4山东中医药大学, 教育部中医药经典理论重点实验室, 山东 济南 250355
通讯作者:
齐冬梅,E-mail:
作者简介:

作者贡献:

王婧毅参与了实验操作、数据处理和文章撰写; 李博杨参与了实验操作; 王丹阳指导实验及文章修改; 齐冬梅提出整体设计并指导文章修改。

Exploring the mechanism of action of Gouteng Xuanshen Granules in patients with prehypertension based on metabolomics
Jing-yi WANG1, Bo-yang LI1, Dan-yang WANG1, Dong-mei QI2, 3, 4, *
Affiliations
  • 1Institute of Innovation in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
  • 2Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
  • 3Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Basic Research, Jinan 250355, China
  • 4Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
出版时间: 2025-09-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0013
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钩藤玄参颗粒作为山东中医药大学附属医院院内制剂在降血压方面疗效显著但作用机制尚不十分明确。研究采用高效液相色谱质谱联用(high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, HPLC-MS) 技术对受试者的血清样本进行非靶向代谢组学分析并通过中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台(TCMSP) 筛选钩藤玄参颗粒活性成分, Gene Cards、OMIM等数据库对正常高值血压相关的潜在靶点进行预测分析以探讨钩藤玄参颗粒对正常高值血压(prehypertension, PHT) 的降压作用。临床招募符合诊断标准的正常高值血压患者20例为正常高值血压组(P组), 另招募20例健康志愿者为正常组(C组)。正常高值血压组服用钩藤玄参颗粒, 为钩藤玄参颗粒给药组(GT组)。本实验获得山东中医药大学附属医院伦理委员会批准, 并得到所有参与者的知情同意。伦理审查批件号: (2022) 伦审No. (036)-KY。对所有受试者进行血脂四项检测及血压测量。正常高值血压组分别在给药钩藤玄参颗粒前后采血一次, 正常组入组时采血一次。采用HPLC/MS对所有受试者血清样本进行分析, 实验结果发现, 钩藤玄参颗粒给药后, 正常高值血压患者血压明显下降, 血脂四项发生改变; 代谢组学结果显示嘌呤代谢、精氨酸生物合成和鞘脂代谢在钩藤玄参颗粒给药后发生了显著改变; 网络药理学结果提示钩藤玄参颗粒主要通过作用于SIRT1、STAT3、AKT1等靶点发挥降压作用。研究初步分析了健康人群、正常高值血压患者与钩藤玄参颗粒治疗组人群的代谢差异, 为正常高值血压的未病防治提供了参考价值。

钩藤玄参颗粒  /  代谢组学  /  正常高值血压  /  HPLC/MS  /  热图

Gouteng Xuanshen Granules, as an institutional preparation of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, have shown significant efficacy in reducing blood pressure, but their mechanisms of action are not yet fully understood. This study used HPLC-MS to perform non-targeted metabolomics analysis on serum samples from subjects, including those with prehypertension (PHT) and healthy individuals. TCMSP was used to identify the active components of Gouteng Xuanshen Granules. Databases like Gene Cards and OMIM were used to predict potential targets related to normal high blood pressure and to explore the antihypertensive effects of the granules on PHT. The study recruited 20 patients with prehypertension meeting the diagnostic criteria into the PHT group (Group P) and 20 healthy volunteers into the control group (Group C). The prehypertension group was administered Gouteng Xuanshen Granules (Group GT). The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, and informed consent was obtained from all participants [ethical review approval number: (2022) Lun Review No. (036)-KY]. All subjects underwent four lipid tests and blood pressure measurements. Blood samples were collected once before and after administration of the granules in the prehypertension group, and once at enrollment in the control group. HPLC/MS was used to analyze serum samples from all subjects. The results showed that after administration of the granules, patients with prehypertension had a significant decrease in blood pressure and changes in the four lipid parameters. Metabolomics analysis revealed significant changes in purine metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, and sphingolipid metabolism after granule administration. Network pharmacology analysis suggested that the granules primarily exert their antihypertensive effects by acting on targets such as SIRT1, STAT3, and AKT1. This study provides preliminary insights into the metabolic differences among healthy individuals, those with prehypertension, and the treatment group, offering valuable references for the prevention and treatment of prehypertension. The study preliminarily analyzed the metabolic differences among healthy individuals, patients with elevated blood pressure within the normal range, and those treated with Gouteng Xuanshen Granules, providing valuable reference for the prevention and treatment of elevated blood pressure within the normal range.

Gouteng Xuanshen Granules  /  metabolomics  /  prehypertension  /  HPLC/MS  /  heatmap
王婧毅, 李博杨, 王丹阳, 齐冬梅. 基于代谢组学探讨钩藤玄参颗粒干预正常高值血压患者的作用机制. 药学学报, 2025 , 60 (9) : 2827 -2836 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0013
Jing-yi WANG, Bo-yang LI, Dan-yang WANG, Dong-mei QI. Exploring the mechanism of action of Gouteng Xuanshen Granules in patients with prehypertension based on metabolomics[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2025 , 60 (9) : 2827 -2836 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0013
正常高值血压[收缩压120~139 mmHg和(或) 舒张压80~89 mmHg, 1 mmHg ≈ 0.133 kPa] 是正常血压和高血压之间的过渡区, 也是高血压防治的关键时期[1-3]。研究发现, 正常高值血压影响着全球25%~50%的成年人, 这些人群有极高的风险发展为高血压、冠心病、动脉粥样硬化等心血管疾病[4-6], 严重影响人类生命健康。因此, 采取有效的预防和治疗措施对于控制正常高值血压至关重要。
在临床实践中, 通常不建议对正常高值血压患者使用降压药物进行治疗。而中医药作为祖国传统医药在治疗正常高值血压的安全方面具有明显优势, 且符合中医“治未病”的诊疗思想。正常高值血压属于中医学“眩晕”的范畴, 其主要病机是阴虚阳亢, 治则当清肝潜阳、滋阴补肾[7-9]。钩藤玄参颗粒是山东中医药大学附属医院院内制剂(鲁药制备字Z20210068000), 在降血压方面疗效显著, 全方由钩藤、玄参、莱菔子三味中药组成, 方中钩藤平肝潜阳为君; 玄参味甘苦咸, 微寒, 滋阴降火以制肝阳, 可增强钩藤平肝潜阳之力, 为方中之臣药; 莱菔子顺气降气、调畅气机, 与钩藤相伍, 升降相因, 相反相成, 佐助钩藤以平肝潜阳。此方既能滋阴增液以补肝体, 又可平潜亢阳以助肝用, 使阴虚得补, 则亢阳必潜, 共奏滋阴潜阳之功[10-12]。但目前有关钩藤玄参颗粒调控血压的作用机制研究未见报道。代谢组学在医疗卫生领域得到了广泛的应用, 它可以对人体内小分子物质进行分析, 从而反映出机体的生理和病理状况[12-14]。因此, 本研究采用高效液相色谱质谱联用技术对受试者的血清样本进行代谢组学分析, 筛选出潜在的代谢途径, 为正常高值血压的防治提供可靠的帮助。
研究对象  选取2022年6月~2022年12月于山东中医药大学附属医院诊断为正常高值血压患者, 并经辨证属于阴虚阳亢证, 共纳入20例符合标准受试者, 其中P组为钩藤玄参颗粒治疗前组, GT组为钩藤玄参颗粒治疗后组。另募集健康志愿者20例作为正常组即C组。本研究通过了山东中医药大学附属医院伦理委员会的批准, 并得到所有参与者的知情同意。伦理审查批件号: (2022) 伦审No. (036)-KY。
患者纳入标准: 所选病例均符合2018年《中国高血压指南》中正常高值血压纳入标准收缩压120~139 mmHg; 舒张压80~89 mmHg; 年龄≥ 18周岁、≤ 80周岁; 患者知情同意。患者排除标准: 精神疾病患者; 妊娠妇女; 各种继发性高血压患者(继发性高血压是由特定疾病直接引起的血压升高, 若未发现原发病因, 仅针对血压进行常规干预, 可能延误原发病的治疗, 导致病情加重); 近3个月内曾服用过降压药患者。健康志愿者纳入标准: 各项指标正常, 血压血脂正常, 3月内无服用代谢干扰药物、免疫调节药物、中枢神经系统药物、心血管药物者。
药物来源及服用方法  钩藤玄参颗粒由山东中医药大学附属医院制剂室提供, 药品规格: 每袋3 g, 24袋/盒。服用方法: 一次3袋, 一日两次, 共服用8周。备案号: 鲁药制备字Z20210068000。
主要实验试剂与仪器  Ultimate 3000型超高液相色谱系统-Q-Exactive型质谱联用仪、乙腈、甲醇、甲酸(批号: 203023、172010、186935), 美国Thermo Fisher公司; 水(日本屈臣氏); 总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C) 测定试剂盒(批号: 22020441M1、22010322M1、22010519M1、2202029M1, 桂林优利特医疗电子有限公司); 液相小瓶、内插管(批号BS-02-JYP、BS-VMI-6CP, 中国白鲨生物科技有限公司)。
代谢组学样品采集及处理  所有受试者于清晨空腹采集静脉血5 mL, 静置30 min后, 3 000 r·min-1离心15 min, 将血清分装保存至-80 ℃冰箱。样本前处理血清样本提前置于4 ℃冻融, 取100 μL血清与200 μL乙腈混合, 涡旋2 min, 在4 ℃下, 以13 000 r·min-1 (离心半径= 95 mm) 离心15 min。将得到的上清液在新的Eppendorf管中氮吹, 用100 μL初始流动相(乙腈∶水= 1∶1) 复溶, 并将滤膜放在液相瓶中过滤上清。此外, 所有样本各取10 μL血清混合制备质量控制(QC) 样本, 以评估分析过程的稳定性和重复性。
色谱条件  色谱柱: HaloC18柱(2.1 mm×100 mm, 2. 7 μm); 流速: 0.3 mL·min-1; 柱温: 45 ℃; 进样器温度: 15 ℃; 进样量: 5 µL; 流动相: 流动相A为水(含0.05%甲酸); B为乙腈(含0.05%甲酸)。梯度洗脱程序为: 0 min, 3% B; 15 min, 50% B; 23 min, 65% B; 23.1 min, 3% B。
质谱条件  质谱为Thermo Scientific公司的四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱仪(Q ExactiveTM hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometer), 分别采用正负离子模式进行检测。正离子模式检测条件: 离子源HESI; 毛细管电压3 500 V; 毛细管温度350 ℃; 鞘气体45 arb; 辅助气体10 arb; 质谱扫描范围80~1 200 Da; 分辨率为70 000; S-Lens RF level为55。负离子模式检测条件: 离子源HESI; 毛细管电压3 500 V; 毛细管温度350 ℃; 鞘气体45 arb; 辅助气体10 arb; 源温度350 ℃; 质谱收集范围80~1 200 m/z; 分辨率70 000; S-Lens RF level为55。
多元数据分析  数据处理使用ProteWizard的MS Convert工具(http://proteowizard.sourceforge.net/) 将HPLC-MS得到的原始数据转换为“.mz XML”格式。转换后的数据在R语言数据包XCMS (http://metlin.scripps.edu) 中分析(R Project V 4.2.1, The University of Auckland, New Zealand), 进行峰对齐、峰匹配、归一化、去噪化, 以获得包括质荷比、保留时间和峰强度在内的二维数据矩阵信息。将数据导入Excel表格进行处理, 变量缺失值大于80%的数据剔除, 变量缺失值小于80%的数据以每组平均数进行缺失值补差。使用SIMCA-P (V13.0, Umetrics, Sweden) 软件对数据进行多元变量统计分析, 通过无监督的主成分分析(PCA) 观察两组数据之间的分离趋势。有监督的偏最小二乘法-判别分析(PLS-DA) 被用来获得关于组间差异和两组间相关程度的更可靠信息。根据PLS-DA的评分图, 选择大于1的VIP值来筛选用于进一步分析的差异代谢物。将VIP > 1的数据导入Mass Profiler Professional (V12.6.1, Agilent Technologies, United States) 软件进行t检验及FC检验。以VIP > 1、P < 0.05且FC ≥ 2或FC < 0.05为标准来筛选潜在的差异代谢物。并利用HMDB (http://www.hmdb.ca/) 和其他数据库, 参考相关文献, 结合一级和二级质谱信息, 鉴定相应的差异代谢物。将血清代谢组学数据中筛选出的差异性代谢物导入MetaboAnalyst网站进行富集分析并制作热图。为了进一步筛选差异代谢物, 使用MetaboAnalyst网站进行随机森林分析以评估出重要的差异代谢物。
网络药理学分析
药物活性成分及疾病靶点的获取  通过TCMSP数据库(http://www.tcmspw.com/tcmsp.php) 筛选钩藤、玄参和莱菔子的活性成分, 利用NovoPro (https://novopro.cn) 确定SMILES号。将得到的钩藤玄参颗粒活性成分通过SwissTargetPrediction (http://www.swisstargetprediction.ch/) 进行靶点预测。通过GeneCards数据库(https://www.genecards.org/)、OMIM数据库(https://www.omim.org/) 获得疾病相关的靶点基因, 整合后去除重复靶点。
蛋白质相互作用(PPI) 网络的构建及核心靶点筛选  采用Venny2.1 (https://bioinfogp.cnb.csic.es/tools/venny/) 绘制韦恩图, 输入钩藤玄参颗粒药物靶点与PHT靶点, 获得交集靶点。将共同靶点导入String数据库(http://string-db.org/) 进行蛋白相互作用网络构建; 通过Cytoscape3.9.1对PPI网络中各靶点节点的degree值进行计算以获得蛋白互相作用网络图, 根据degree值大小设置颜色深浅, 并筛选核心靶点。
GO功能富集分析和KEGG通路富集分析通过Metascape (https://metascape.org/) 进行GO富集分析和KEGG富集分析并采用微生信在线绘图平台(https://www.bioinformatics.com.cn) 进行数据可视化。
统计学分析  使用GraphPad Prism 9 (V9, GraphPad Software) 进行数据分析和图表绘制。所有实验数据以均值±标准差(x±s) 的方式表示, 多组间比较采用ANOVA分析, P < 0.05则认为具有统计学显著差异。
共有40例受试者入选本部分研究, 在8周的试验周期中, 未发生严重不良反应, 人口统计学和临床指标见表1。与正常高值血压组相比, 钩藤玄参颗粒给药后收缩压下降约6.4%, 舒张压下降约6.2%, TC下降约18%、TG下降约27%、HDL上升约28%, LDL有下降趋势(图1)。
通过血压及血脂四项等指标的观察, 可见钩藤玄参颗粒的干预效果明显, 进一步进行代谢组学分析。C组、P组、GT组血清样本在正、负离子模式下的总离子流图, 如图2所示。由图可知, 各组TIC轮廓大致相似, 但无法直接观察代谢差异, 需要进一步分析潜在的差异代谢物及代谢途径。
运用无监督模式对C组、P组、GT组、QC组4组样本数据进行PCA主成分分析, 首先将数据导入SIMCA-P进行数据分析。生成正负离子模式下的PCA二维和三维得分图。如图所示, 本研究可以初步评估各组样本之间以及组内的差异, 考察色谱分离过程中的样品重现性及质谱数据的稳定性。结果如图3所示, 在正负离子模式下, QC样本聚集在一起, 且各组样本的代谢物得到了较好的分离, 表明检测过程具有较高的重复性与稳定性, 数据质量较为可靠。C组与P组之间的代谢物存在显著差异, 表明P组的代谢模式发生了显著变化。而钩藤玄参颗粒干预组则位于C组与P组之间, 表明药物干预后代谢模式得到了改善。
为了进一步突出组间差异, 采用PLS-DA分析。去除QC样本后, 对C组、P组及GT组进行PLS-DA分析, 结果如图4所示, C组与P组、P组与GT组之间分离效果较好, 组内样本在一定范围内聚集良好, 说明C组与P组、P组与GT组之间存在明显的差异代谢物。经200次置换检验验证得到的模型评价参数(正R2 = 0.937, Q2 = 0.932; 负R2 = 0.963, Q2 = 0.960), 本实验正、负离子模式数据建立的PLS-DA模型R2大于Q2且值均接近1, Q2交于负半轴, 说明模型越稳定可靠。
从PLS-DA模型的变量重要性投影中选取VIP > 1的变量, 将筛选的数据导入MPP进一步筛选得到P < 0.05且FC > 2或FC < 0.05的数据。随后结合QC的总离子流图及相关文献在HMDB数据库中鉴定差异代谢物。比较C组和P组、P组和GT组差异代谢物, 筛选出3组共有的差异代谢物23个, 其中腺苷三磷酸、腺苷一磷酸、次黄嘌呤、LysoPC (16:1/0:0) 等给药后上升, LysoPC (17:0/0:0)、精氨酰苯丙氨酸、2', 3'-环磷酸鸟苷等在给药后下降(表2)。
为便于观察代谢物变化, 将筛选差异变量导入MetaboAnalyst做聚类热图。红色越明显代表代谢物含量越高, 蓝色越明显代表代谢物含量越低。从图5可以看出, 正常组与正常高值血压组代谢物发生了显著变化; 钩藤玄参颗粒给药后, 部分差异代谢物含量发生改变, 说明钩藤玄参颗粒对正常高值血压有干预作用。上述结果表明, 这些差异代谢物可能与钩藤玄参颗粒有关。通过分析这些代谢物的变化, 可以更好地了解钩藤玄参颗粒降压作用方式, 并为治疗提供有效的依据。
将筛选鉴定的差异代谢物导入MetaboAnalyst平台进行富集分析, 以P < 0.05为标准筛选潜在的差异代谢通路, 共得到嘌呤代谢、精氨酸生物合成、鞘脂代谢等3条重要代谢通路; 以FDR < 0.05为标准进一步筛选差异代谢通路, 其中嘌呤代谢满足P < 0.05且FDR < 0.05的条件, 最具差异性(图6、表3)。
随机森林是一种基于决策树的集成学习算法, 通过构建多棵决策树并综合投票结果进行预测, 可以基于代谢物重要性进行排序, 保留高贡献代谢物[15]。Mean decrease accuracy (MDA) 是随机森林常用的指标, 其通过随机置换某一代谢物的取值, 观察模型预测精度下降的幅度, 从而量化该特征对模型的重要性[16]。相比其他指标, MDA能够独立评估其贡献, 避免共线性干扰。本研究利用随机森林对23个差异代谢物进行分析, 共筛选出15个重要差异变量, 其中adenosine monophosphate (AMP)、hypoxanthine、adenosine triphosphate (ATP) 的MDA值大于0.05 (图7)。AMP、ATP是维持线粒体稳态的核心分子, 它们的异常会影响线粒体能量代谢, 促使活性氧(ROS) 积累, 引起血管内皮损伤, 影响血压平稳。
本研究通过整合Gene Cards和OMIM数据库的疾病靶点数据, 筛选出1 330个与正常高值血压密切相关的潜在靶点。通过分析评估确定钩藤玄参颗粒活性成分528个, 将钩藤玄参颗粒活性成分与正常高值血压疾病靶点取交集共获得交集靶点共215个(图8A)。
基于String数据库构建PPI, 在Cytoscape3.9.1中进行可视化分析并以degree值筛选靶点, 得到SIRT1、STAT、AKT1等核心靶点(图8B)。
利用Metascape平台对获得的交集靶点进行GO功能和KEGG通路富集分析。KEGG结果显示, 钩藤玄参颗粒通过AMPK信号通路、精氨酸生物合成、精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢等干预了正常高值血压(图8C)。GO富集分析显示, 钩藤玄参颗粒干预正常高值血压参与的生物学过程(BP)、细胞组分(CC) 和分子功能(MF) 见图8D。
本研究结果显示, 钩藤玄参颗粒具有降压效果, 并能调节血脂四项。利用HPLC/MS技术对C、P、GT 3组血清样本进行代谢组学分析, 共筛选到23种P < 0.05、VIP > 1且FC > 2或FC < 0.05的差异代谢物。将23种代谢物进行富集分析, 共得到3条重要代谢途径: 嘌呤代谢、精氨酸生物合成、鞘脂代谢。
在代谢组学研究中, AMP、ATP、hypoxanthine参与了嘌呤代谢。嘌呤主要以嘌呤核苷酸的形式存在, 嘌呤核苷酸在体内被水解后生成鸟嘌呤和腺嘌呤, 经脱氨基作用生成hypoxanthine及黄嘌呤, 能够参与机体能量代谢[17, 18]。本研究结果显示, 与正常组相比, 正常高值血压组患者体内AMP下降, 钩藤玄参颗粒给药后, AMP回调, AMP的升高可以激活AMPK[19]。同样, 网络药理学富集结果发现AMPK信号通路在钩藤玄参颗粒干预正常高值血压过程中发挥重要作用。AMPK作为能量稳态的重要调节器, 是机体能量代谢调节中心[20]。在机体应激时, 通过对代谢酶和转录调节因子的调节参与能量代谢过程, 能够调节线粒体数量、提高线粒体内的酶活性、增强线粒体能量代谢[21, 22]。AMPK还可以通过磷酸化促进eNOS的活性, 增加一氧化氮(NO) 的释放, 从而舒张血管, 降低血压[23]。ATP参与线粒体稳态的调节, ATP的异常会导致线粒体功能障碍, 使ROS积累, 从而引发氧化应激, 损伤血管内皮功能, 影响血压平稳[24]。研究结果发现, 与正常组相比, 正常高值血压组ATP含量降低, 钩藤玄参颗粒给药后ATP水平恢复。此外, 本研究结果显示hypoxanthine参与了嘌呤代谢, hypoxanthine是嘌呤代谢的中间产物, 可以通过参与嘌呤代谢影响血压水平[25]。上述结果表明, 钩藤玄参颗粒可以通过影响AMP、ATP、次黄嘌呤水平维持血压稳态。
鸟氨酸和天门冬氨酸在代谢组学研究中参与了精氨酸生物合成, 天门冬氨酸可以调节血管张力, 影响血压水平[26]。KEGG结果也显示钩藤玄参颗粒可能通过精氨酸生物合成发挥降压作用。而鸟氨酸可以转化为精氨酸, 精氨酸是一氧化氮合成酶的底物, 用于合成NO[27]。NO是一种重要的血管舒张因子, 能够降低血管阻力, 从而有助于调节血压。精氨酸的生物合成代谢是导致血管内皮功能紊乱的重要途径之一, 它还可以通过激活AMPK通路来调节能量稳态, 调控线粒体功能, 并影响能量代谢和机体健康[28]。
鞘脂是一类广泛存在于细胞膜上的生物活性脂质, 鞘脂代谢在生物生理过程的信号传导中不可或缺, 与各种疾病进展密切相关[29]。在本研究中, 鞘氨醇、1-磷酸鞘氨醇(S1P) 作为鞘脂代谢的重要代谢产物参与了正常高值血压的进展。S1P是一种重要的生物活性脂质, 可以激活G蛋白偶联受体S1PR1~5参与调节多种生理过程, 尤其对心血管稳态的维持具有重要的作用[30]。研究发现, S1P可以诱导内皮细胞eNOS磷酸化, 促进NO的生成, NO可以上调环磷酸鸟苷的表达使血管舒张[31]。此外, Cantalupo等[32]认为S1P可以通过激活S1PR1/eNOS信号通路参与调节血压, 从而发挥降压作用。
利用网络药理学研究钩藤玄参颗粒干预正常高值血压的活性成分-靶点相互作用, 发现钩藤玄参颗粒中的活性成分主要作用于SIRT1、STAT3、AKT1等靶点, 涉及AMPK信号通路、精氨酸生物合成、精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢等通路。研究表明[33-35], 钩藤所含的钩藤碱、异钩藤碱等生物活性物质在保护心血管系统方面发挥重要作用, 并能够参与活化SIRT1分子。SIRT1在机体对抗氧化应激损伤和维持能量代谢稳态中具有关键作用, 其长效活化需要能量感受器AMPK的上游调控[36, 37]。从分子机制来看, AMPK的活化状态与胞内AMP浓度呈正相关, 特别是在AMP/ATP比例升高时, 会活化AMPK[19]。值得注意的是, AMPK与SIRT1可通过协同作用激活eNOS以改善血管功能, AMPK通过磷酸化修饰直接增强eNOS活性, 而SIRT1则通过去乙酰化途径消除其活性抑制状态[38, 39]。通过AMPK/SIRT1信号通路的双重翻译后修饰机制能够协同促进一氧化氮的生物合成, 最终达到降低血压的效果。此外, 研究显示[40], 玄参中的活性成分哈巴俄苷可以通过抑制STAT3蛋白的激活发挥作用。STAT3作为信号转导关键因子, 其活性受抑制后会解除对AMPK通路的间接调控, 最终导致AMPK信号通路紊乱并引发线粒体功能障碍[41]。而钩藤中的主要成分毛钩藤碱能通过抑制AKT1的磷酸化, 阻断其下游促存活信号, 从而发挥心血管保护作用[42]。进一步研究发现[43], AKT1与AMPK信号通路存在交叉调控, AKT1可通过磷酸化AMPK的Ser485/491位点抑制其激活, 导致脂代谢紊乱, 加剧血管内皮损伤。这提示毛钩藤碱对AKT1的抑制作用可能间接恢复AMPK活性, 改善代谢失衡与心血管损伤。
综上所述, 本研究通过对正常人群、正常高值血压患者及钩藤玄参颗粒给药患者的血清代谢组学分析初步明确了钩藤玄参颗粒发挥降压作用的潜在代谢途径, 并通过网络药理学进行了“成分-靶点-通路”分析, 为后期正常高值血压的未病先防提供了依据, 但具体作用机制还需深入研究。

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2025年第60卷第9期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0013
  • 接收时间:2025-01-06
  • 首发时间:2026-09-20
  • 出版时间:2025-09-12
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-06
  • 修回日期:2025-05-29
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作者信息
    1山东中医药大学中医药创新研究院, 山东 济南 250355
    2山东中医药大学实验中心, 山东 济南 250355
    3山东省中医药基础研究重点实验室, 山东 济南 250355
    4山东中医药大学, 教育部中医药经典理论重点实验室, 山东 济南 250355

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齐冬梅,E-mail:
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0013
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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