Article(id=1308455962717745649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308455335962894804, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-1304, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1735488000000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-30, revisedDate=1742745600000, revisedDateStr=2025-03-24, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789889811447, onlineDateStr=2026-09-20, pubDate=1749657600000, pubDateStr=2025-06-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789889811447, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789889811447, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789889811447, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1308455335962894804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2025', volume='60', issue='6', pageStart='1573', pageEnd='1964', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1749657600000', pubDateStr='2025-06-12', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789889662017, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789893590327, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1308471812564734358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308455335962894804, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1308471812564734359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308455335962894804, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1896, endPage=1900, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1308455963414000114, articleId=1308455962717745649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Discovery and identification of a new illegal additive: propoxyphenyl hydroxyvardenafil, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

A new vardenafil analogue has been discovered in a sexual enhancement health beverage through the application of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/Q-TOF MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD). This analogue was then purified via preparative HPLC (Prep-HPLC), and its chemical structure was determined using NMR spectroscopy. Spectral data indicated that the vardenafil analogue possesses an n-propyloxy group in place of the ethoxy group on the aromatic ring, and a hydroxyethyl group in substitution for the ethyl group on the piperazine ring. The compound, termed "propoxyphenyl hydroxyvardenafil", has not been reported in China.

, authors=Yi-ran LIU1, 2, Hong YU2, Xiao-jing HUANG2, Jing-xian ZHANG2, Ying-ying RAN2, Fan HUANG2, Jian SUN2, *, Qing HU1, 2, Shen JI1, 2, *, authorsList=Yi-ran LIU, Hong YU, Xiao-jing HUANG, Jing-xian ZHANG, Ying-ying RAN, Fan HUANG, Jian SUN, Qing HU, Shen JI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jian SUN, Shen JI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1308455966291292667, articleId=1308455962717745649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=新型非法添加物丙氧苯基羟基伐地那非的发现与鉴定, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

采用超高效液相色谱串联四极杆飞行时间质谱(UHPLC/Q-TOF MS) 和高效液相色谱–二极管阵列检测(HPLC-DAD), 在一款宣称增强性功能的饮料中发现了一种新型的伐地那非衍生物。通过制备液相色谱仪(Prep-HPLC) 进行分离纯化, 并通过核磁共振(NMR) 鉴定其化学结构。结果表明, 该衍生物用丙氧基取代了伐地那非苯环上的乙氧基, 用羟乙基取代了伐地那非哌嗪环上的乙基, 命名为丙氧苯基羟基伐地那非, 国内未见报道。

, authors=刘一冉1, 2, 于泓2, 黄晓静2, 张静娴2, 冉莹瑛2, 黄帆2, 孙健2, *, 胡青1, 2, 季申1, 2, *, authorsList=刘一冉, 于泓, 黄晓静, 张静娴, 冉莹瑛, 黄帆, 孙健, 胡青, 季申, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=孙健, 季申, authorNote=

作者贡献:

刘一冉负责数据采集、分析与撰写文章; 于泓负责实验设计、数据分析和阐释; 黄晓静负责数据分析和阐释; 张静娴、冉莹瑛、黄帆负责数据采集和分析; 孙健负责实验设计、数据分析、阐释、审阅文章; 胡青负责实验设计、审阅文章; 季申负责指导、获取研究经费。

, correspAuthorsNote=
孙健, Tel: 86-21-38839900-26128, E-mail:
季申, Tel: 86-21-38839900-26601, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《药学学报》编辑部2025, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=mTeryQGlNy6X8WS4sxa4Mg==, magXml=OFmbDB2q72c0wZkXRztjVA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=zszeTFU+8DP6R4FwRnLJcw==, pdfFileSize=1090118, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=VdxzRuql+DaGh+7hH0JfDA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=kJREkewO1Ow8y9F4tH7FtQ==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1308497522906202311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455962717745649, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1308497522990088394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455962717745649, authorId=1308497522906202311, language=EN, stringName=Yi-ran LIU, firstName=Yi-ran, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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PositionVardenafilUnknown compound
δHδCδHδCCOSYHMBCHSQC
1-144.4-144.8-H-11, H-12-
3-137.6-138.1-H-10-
4-155.0-155.5-H-5, H-10-
511.82 (1H, br, s)-11.67 (1H, s)----
6-146.1-146.6-H-5, H-15, H-18-
9-113.7-114.2-H-5, H-10-
102.50 (3H, s)14.12.49 (3H, s)14.7--H-10
112.86 (2H, t, J = 7.4)27.12.83 (2H, t, J = 7.5)27.6H-12H-12, H-13H-11
121.76 (2H, qt)20.21.73 (2H, m)20.7H-11, H-13H-11, H-13H-12
130.94 (3H, t, J = 7.4)13.70.93 (3H, m)14.2H-12H-11, H-12H-13
14-126.4-126.3-H-18-
157.97 (1H, d, J = 2.4)130.37.85 (1H, m)130.6-H-17H-15
16-120.9-121.5-H-18-
177.95 (1H, dd)132.27.87 (1H, m)132.7H-18H-15H-17
187.45 (1H, d, J = 8.8)113.67.40 (1H, d, J = 8.7)113.6H-17-H-18
19-160.7-160.8-H-15, H-17, H-18, H-20-
204.24 (2H, q, J = 6.9)65.14.12 (2H, t, J = 6.3)70.9H-21H-21, H-31H-20
211.35 (3H, t, J = 6.9)14.31.73 (2H, m)22.2H-20, H-31H-20, H-31H-21
24, 283.50 (2H, br, m, H24, 28)43.02.89 (4H, m)46.4H-25, 27-H-24, 28
3.81 (2H, br, m, H24', 28')
25, 273.10 (4H, br, m)49.42.48 (4H, m)52.5H-24, 28H-29, H-27, 25H-25, 27
292.90 (2H, q)50.62.37 (2H, t, J = 6.0)60.0H-30H-30, H-25, 27H-29
301.23 (3H, t, J = 7.2)8.73.43 (2H, m)59.0H-29, H-32H-29H-30
31--0.93 (3H, m)10.8H-21H-20, H-21H-31
32--4.38 (1H, t, J = 5.3)----
), ArticleFig(id=1308497530271400201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455962717745649, language=CN, label=Tab.1, caption=

NMR data of vardenafil and the unknown compound (propoxyphenyl hydroxyvardenafil)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
PositionVardenafilUnknown compound
δHδCδHδCCOSYHMBCHSQC
1-144.4-144.8-H-11, H-12-
3-137.6-138.1-H-10-
4-155.0-155.5-H-5, H-10-
511.82 (1H, br, s)-11.67 (1H, s)----
6-146.1-146.6-H-5, H-15, H-18-
9-113.7-114.2-H-5, H-10-
102.50 (3H, s)14.12.49 (3H, s)14.7--H-10
112.86 (2H, t, J = 7.4)27.12.83 (2H, t, J = 7.5)27.6H-12H-12, H-13H-11
121.76 (2H, qt)20.21.73 (2H, m)20.7H-11, H-13H-11, H-13H-12
130.94 (3H, t, J = 7.4)13.70.93 (3H, m)14.2H-12H-11, H-12H-13
14-126.4-126.3-H-18-
157.97 (1H, d, J = 2.4)130.37.85 (1H, m)130.6-H-17H-15
16-120.9-121.5-H-18-
177.95 (1H, dd)132.27.87 (1H, m)132.7H-18H-15H-17
187.45 (1H, d, J = 8.8)113.67.40 (1H, d, J = 8.7)113.6H-17-H-18
19-160.7-160.8-H-15, H-17, H-18, H-20-
204.24 (2H, q, J = 6.9)65.14.12 (2H, t, J = 6.3)70.9H-21H-21, H-31H-20
211.35 (3H, t, J = 6.9)14.31.73 (2H, m)22.2H-20, H-31H-20, H-31H-21
24, 283.50 (2H, br, m, H24, 28)43.02.89 (4H, m)46.4H-25, 27-H-24, 28
3.81 (2H, br, m, H24', 28')
25, 273.10 (4H, br, m)49.42.48 (4H, m)52.5H-24, 28H-29, H-27, 25H-25, 27
292.90 (2H, q)50.62.37 (2H, t, J = 6.0)60.0H-30H-30, H-25, 27H-29
301.23 (3H, t, J = 7.2)8.73.43 (2H, m)59.0H-29, H-32H-29H-30
31--0.93 (3H, m)10.8H-21H-20, H-21H-31
32--4.38 (1H, t, J = 5.3)----
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刘一冉 1, 2 , 于泓 2 , 黄晓静 2 , 张静娴 2 , 冉莹瑛 2 , 黄帆 2 , 孙健 2, * , 胡青 1, 2 , 季申 1, 2, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2025,60(6): 1896-1900
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药学学报 |研究论文 2025 , 60 (6) : 1896 -1900
新型非法添加物丙氧苯基羟基伐地那非的发现与鉴定
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2上海市食品药品检验研究院, 国家药品监督管理局中药质量控制重点实验室, 上海 201203, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1308497522646155456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455962717745649, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308497522658738369, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455962717745649, companyId=1308497522646155456, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308497522679709890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455962717745649, companyId=1308497522646155456, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1上海中医药大学中药学院, 上海 201203)]), AuthorCompany(id=1308497522788761795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455962717745649, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308497522809733316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455962717745649, companyId=1308497522788761795, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308497522818121925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455962717745649, companyId=1308497522788761795, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2上海市食品药品检验研究院, 国家药品监督管理局中药质量控制重点实验室, 上海 201203)])]), Author(id=1308497526605578481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455962717745649, orderNo=8, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=jishen2021@126.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1308497526706241780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455962717745649, authorId=1308497526605578481, language=EN, stringName=Shen JI, firstName=Shen, middleName=null, lastName=JI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, *, address=1School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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刘一冉1, 2, 于泓2, 黄晓静2, 张静娴2, 冉莹瑛2, 黄帆2, 孙健2, * , 胡青1, 2, 季申1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1上海中医药大学中药学院, 上海 201203
  • 2上海市食品药品检验研究院, 国家药品监督管理局中药质量控制重点实验室, 上海 201203
通讯作者:
孙健, Tel: 86-21-38839900-26128, E-mail:
季申, Tel: 86-21-38839900-26601, E-mail:
作者简介:

作者贡献:

刘一冉负责数据采集、分析与撰写文章; 于泓负责实验设计、数据分析和阐释; 黄晓静负责数据分析和阐释; 张静娴、冉莹瑛、黄帆负责数据采集和分析; 孙健负责实验设计、数据分析、阐释、审阅文章; 胡青负责实验设计、审阅文章; 季申负责指导、获取研究经费。

Discovery and identification of a new illegal additive: propoxyphenyl hydroxyvardenafil
Yi-ran LIU1, 2, Hong YU2, Xiao-jing HUANG2, Jing-xian ZHANG2, Ying-ying RAN2, Fan HUANG2, Jian SUN2, * , Qing HU1, 2, Shen JI1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
  • 2Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
出版时间: 2025-06-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-1304
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采用超高效液相色谱串联四极杆飞行时间质谱(UHPLC/Q-TOF MS) 和高效液相色谱–二极管阵列检测(HPLC-DAD), 在一款宣称增强性功能的饮料中发现了一种新型的伐地那非衍生物。通过制备液相色谱仪(Prep-HPLC) 进行分离纯化, 并通过核磁共振(NMR) 鉴定其化学结构。结果表明, 该衍生物用丙氧基取代了伐地那非苯环上的乙氧基, 用羟乙基取代了伐地那非哌嗪环上的乙基, 命名为丙氧苯基羟基伐地那非, 国内未见报道。

丙氧苯基羟基伐地那非  /  磷酸二酯酶5抑制剂  /  超高效液相色谱串联四极杆飞行时间质谱  /  核磁共振波谱  /  非法添加

A new vardenafil analogue has been discovered in a sexual enhancement health beverage through the application of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/Q-TOF MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD). This analogue was then purified via preparative HPLC (Prep-HPLC), and its chemical structure was determined using NMR spectroscopy. Spectral data indicated that the vardenafil analogue possesses an n-propyloxy group in place of the ethoxy group on the aromatic ring, and a hydroxyethyl group in substitution for the ethyl group on the piperazine ring. The compound, termed "propoxyphenyl hydroxyvardenafil", has not been reported in China.

propoxyphenyl hydroxyvardenafil  /  PDE-5 inhibitor  /  UHPLC/Q-TOF MS  /  NMR  /  adulteration
刘一冉, 于泓, 黄晓静, 张静娴, 冉莹瑛, 黄帆, 孙健, 胡青, 季申. 新型非法添加物丙氧苯基羟基伐地那非的发现与鉴定. 药学学报, 2025 , 60 (6) : 1896 -1900 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-1304
Yi-ran LIU, Hong YU, Xiao-jing HUANG, Jing-xian ZHANG, Ying-ying RAN, Fan HUANG, Jian SUN, Qing HU, Shen JI. Discovery and identification of a new illegal additive: propoxyphenyl hydroxyvardenafil[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2025 , 60 (6) : 1896 -1900 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-1304
磷酸二酯酶5型(PDE-5) 抑制剂是一类治疗男性勃起功能障碍的化合物, 它们通过促进平滑肌细胞的放松和增加阴茎血流来发挥作用[1]。西地那非(sildenafil) 是首个批准上市的PDE-5抑制剂药物, 于1998年获美国食品药品监督管理局(FDA) 批准[2]。此后, 他达拉非(tadalafil)、伐地那非(vardenafil)、阿伐那非(avanafil)[3]、乌地那非(udenafil)[4]、米罗那非(mirodenafil)[5]和碳酸洛地那非(lodenafil carbonate)[6]也相继在美国、中国、韩国、巴西等多个国家获批上市。
当前, 市场上出现了许多宣称增强性功能的食品和中成药, 标示为纯天然, 实际上非法添加了PDE-5抑制剂, 往往具头痛、面部潮红、消化不良和视力异常的不良反应[7], 甚至会出现导致死亡的严重不良反应, 如文献[8]报道了六例可能因非处方使用PDE-5抑制剂致死的案例, 其中五例有心血管疾病病史, 一例有高血压病史。更有甚者, 自2003年新型西地那非衍生物豪莫西地那非被发现以来[9], 更多的经过结构修饰的新型PDE-5抑制剂衍生物不断出现, 以此逃避监管。然而, 这些未知化合物未经药监部门审批, 缺乏全面的疗效和毒性评估; 通常不具备合规的生产条件, 导致杂质成分及外源污染物超标; 在食品中的添加量随意, 可能超过临床剂量的数倍甚至数十倍, 带来不可预测的不良反应。另外, 老年人常因多种基础疾病需同时服用多种药物, 非法添加的PDE-5抑制剂及其衍生物可能与其他药物发生相互作用, 导致药效异常或增加不良反应风险。这些非法添加新的趋势和问题均可能导致重大公共健康隐患。
截至2023年7月, 发现用于非法添加的新型PDE-5抑制剂衍生物数量已达112种, 其中西地那非衍生物最多(占67%), 其次是他达拉非衍生物(占23%)、伐地那非衍生物(占8%) 以及其他类型化合物(占2%)[10]。有趣的是, 虽然伐地那非与西地那非疗效相当, 但其衍生物数量却远少于西地那非衍生物。由于近年来监管部门加强了非法添加打击力度, 新发现的西地那非衍生物数量逐渐减少, 而新发现的伐地那非衍生物增多, 为新型PDE5抑制剂非法添加物结构衍生的一大趋势。文献已经报道的伐地那非衍生物有pseudovardenfil[11]、hydroxyvardenafil[12]、N-desethylvardenafil[13]、acetylvardenafil[14]、hydroxythiovardenafil[15]、norneovardenafil[13]、desulfovardenafil[16]、morphardenafil[17]和propoxy-vardenafil[18], 结构改造位点与西地那非衍生物基本类似, 包括哌嗪环、磺酰基、咪唑并三嗪环、乙氧苯基等位置。
本文在非法添加检测中发现了一种新型伐地那非衍生物, 并通过高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器、超高效液相色谱串联四极杆飞行时间质谱法和核磁共振对其进行分析。经鉴定, 该化合物为伐地那非苯环上的乙氧基被丙氧基取代, 哌嗪环上的乙基被羟乙基取代, 命名为“丙氧苯基羟基伐地那非”, 为国内首次发现。
仪器与试药   Agilent 1290/Agilent 6530超高效液相色谱仪串联四级杆飞行时间高分辨质谱仪、Agilent 1290 Infinity高效液相色谱仪、Agilent 1260 Infinity Ⅱ制备液相色谱仪(美国Agilent公司), 核磁共振仪(Bruker AVANCE III 600 MHz, 德国Bruker公司), 分析天平(CP 224S, 德国Sartorius公司)。乙腈、甲醇、甲酸均为质谱级, 购自德国默克公司; 去离子水(Milli-Q超纯水); 伐地那非对照品(中国食品药品检定研究院, 批号510169-202001)。样品为购自新疆的一批宣称增强性功能的饮料。
对照品溶液的制备   取伐地那非对照品约10 mg, 精密称定, 置于100 mL量瓶中, 加入50%甲醇溶液90 mL, 超声使溶解, 用50%甲醇溶液稀释至刻度, 摇匀。精密量取溶液1 mL于100 mL量瓶中, 用50%甲醇溶液稀释至刻度, 摇匀, 制得浓度1 μg·mL-1的伐地那非对照品溶液。
供试品溶液的制备   取样品混合均匀, 精确量取1 mL至50 mL量瓶中, 用50%甲醇溶液稀释至刻度, 超声15 min, 用0.22 μm PTFE膜过滤, 作为供试品溶液。
HPLC-DAD检测   Agilent Proshell 120 SB-C18色谱柱(75 mm × 3 mm, 2.7 μm); 柱温: 35 ℃; 进样体积: 1 μL; 流动相: A为0.1%磷酸溶液, B为乙腈; 梯度洗脱程序: 0~10 min, 5%~98% B; 10~13 min, 98% B。流速: 0.4 mL·min-1。检测波长为254 nm, DAD扫描范围为200~400 nm。
UHPLC/Q-TOF MS检测   色谱条件: Agilent Proshell 120 SB-C18色谱柱(75 mm × 3 mm, 2.7 μm); 柱温: 30 ℃; 进样体积: 1 μL; 流动相: A为0.1%甲酸溶液, B为乙腈; 梯度洗脱程序: 0~15 min, 5%~98% B; 15~17 min, 98% B。流速: 0.4 mL·min-1。质谱检测器采用电喷雾离子源(ESI) 正离子模式检测, 扫描范围m/z 100~1 200。离子源参数: 雾化气(N2): 345 kPa; 干燥气(N2) 流速12 L·min-1, 温度325 ℃; 鞘气(N2) 流速12 L·min-1, 温度375 ℃; 毛细管电压5 kV, 全MS扫描数据采集的质量范围为m/z 100~1 200, 全MS/MS扫描数据采集质量范围m/z 50~1 200, 碰撞能量10、20和40 V。
分离纯化   使用1260 Infinity II半制备高效液相色谱和岛津Shim-pack PREP-ODS柱(20 mm × 250 mm, 15 μm) 进行未知化合物的分离实验。流动相为0.1%三氟乙酸溶液-乙腈(35:65), 流速为10 mL·min-1, 柱温30 ℃, 检测波长254 nm。将30 mL样品充分混匀, 平均分成10份, 每份3 mL, 进样。
采用UHPLC/Q-TOF HRMS法对试样中非法添加物筛查时, 发现了一个母离子为m/z 519.238 2的未知化合物。通过质谱数据库匹配, 发现其碎片离子(m/z 376.107 8、299.113 7和151.086 4, 图1B) 与伐地那非碎片离子(图1A) 相似。因此, 推断未知化合物是伐地那非的一种新型衍生物, 推测分子式为C24H34N6O5S。
然而, 未知化合物中碎片离子(m/z 326.173 0) 与伐地那非中相应的离子(m/z 312.157 1) 不同, 二者正好相差-CH2-的精确质荷比。基于伐地那非的MS特征裂解模式(图2), 比较m/z 326与m/z 312结构的区别, 排除其中相同的m/z 151碎片部分, 可推测出该-CH2-可能位于伐地那非苯环上。同样, 未知化合物中碎片离子(m/z 129.101 9) 与伐地那非中相应的离子(m/z 113.107 0) 不同, 其相差的-OH位于哌嗪环。
采用制备液相色谱仪对样品中未知化合物进行分离纯化, 收集主色谱峰(波长254 nm) 成分, 减压浓缩除去溶剂, 真空干燥, 得到黄色油状物15 mg。
未知化合物保留时间为4.009 min, 伐地那非保留时间为3.752 min。未知化合物的紫外扫描光谱与伐地那非高度相似, 最大吸收在216 nm处(图3)。
表1列出了未知化合物的1H NMR、13C NMR、1H-1H COSY、HMBC和HSQC数据, 以及伐地那非的 1H NMR和13C NMR数据以供比较。伐地那非中的甲基基团(C-21) 在质子信号中表现出三重峰(δH 1.35, t, 3H), 而在未知化合物中相应的信号为多重峰(δH 1.73, m, 2H), 并检测到额外的甲基基团信号(C-31, δH 0.93, m, 3H)。1H-1H COSY中H-21和H-31相关、HMBC中C-31和H-20, 21相关, 证明C-31甲基基团与C-21相连。此外, 在未知物1H NMR光谱中出现了额外的H信号(δH 4.38, t, 1H), C-30处的H信号表现为多重峰(δH 3.43, m, 2H), 1H-1H COSY中H-30和H-32的相关性表明羟基连接在C-30处。图4为伐地那非和未知化合物的结构。未知化合物的结构表征为2-[5-[[4-(2-羟乙基)-1-哌嗪基]磺酰基]-2-丙氧基苯基]-5-甲基-7-丙基咪唑[5, 1-f][1, 2, 4]三氮杂环-4(1H)-酮, 简称为丙氧苯基羟基伐地那非。
正如前文所述, 以往发现的新型PDE-5抑制剂以西地那非和他达拉非衍生物居多, 伐地那非衍生物较少。而本文发现的新型PDE-5抑制剂衍生物, 是继2023年本课题组发现propoxy-vardenafil后, 又一次发现伐地那非类衍生物, 结构衍生位点在哌嗪环和乙氧苯基, 体现了PDE-5抑制剂结构改造的新趋势和新问题, 应当引起监管重视。
本研究利用该化合物与伐地那非的结构相似性, 以伐地那非对照品的液相色谱相对校正因子进行初步定量, 估计饮料中含有约528 mg·L-1的丙氧苯基羟基伐地那非。该饮料每次口服剂量为50 mL, 折算为丙氧苯基羟基伐地那非的每次口服剂量为26 mg, 超过了伐地那非的最大剂量每次20 mg, 具有较大的安全隐患。
在非法添加检测中, 本课题组使用UHPLC-Q-TOF MS和HPLC-DAD发现了一种新的伐地那非衍生物, 通过制备型HPLC纯化该物质, 并比较DAD、Q-TOF MS和NMR数据, 确认其为一种新型PDE-5抑制剂衍生物, 分子式为C24H34N6O5S, 并命名为丙氧苯基羟基伐地那非。
当前, 隐蔽添加新型衍生物是非法添加突出的新趋势新问题, 而常规检测方法为依赖标准品的靶向方法, 难以发现此类化合物。因此, 建议监管部门发展以发现问题为导向的监管模式, 及时更新非法添加黑名单。倡导检测机构采用高分辨质谱非靶向筛查模式, 通过数据库匹配策略, 尽可能扩大并共享化合物库, 以发现监管目录外的已知化合物; 通过特征提取策略, 挖掘同类化合物的特征离子碎片, 以发现具相同母核的新型衍生物, 达到非法添加物整类列管的目的。

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2025年第60卷第6期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-1304
  • 接收时间:2024-12-30
  • 首发时间:2026-09-20
  • 出版时间:2025-06-12
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-30
  • 修回日期:2025-03-24
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    1上海中医药大学中药学院, 上海 201203
    2上海市食品药品检验研究院, 国家药品监督管理局中药质量控制重点实验室, 上海 201203

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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