Article(id=1190373731282289328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1190332325088039709, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-1181, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1732809600000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-29, revisedDate=1739030400000, revisedDateStr=2025-02-09, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1761736813611, onlineDateStr=2025-10-29, pubDate=1746979200000, pubDateStr=2025-05-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1761736813611, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1761736813611, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761736813611, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1190332325088039709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2025', volume='60', issue='5', pageStart='1183', pageEnd='1572', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1761726941606, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761813457266, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1190695198163354009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1190332325088039709, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1190695198163354010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1190332325088039709, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1515, endPage=1524, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1190373731542336181, articleId=1190373731282289328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Mass spectrometry-based imaging to investigate the distribution of metabolites in the retina of diabetic rats improved by Panax notoginseng, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Based on mass spectrometry imaging method, we investigated the effects of Panax notoginseng in improving diabetic retinopathy (DR) and interfering with corneal, vitreous and retinal metabolites, to reveal the mechanism of Panax notoginseng's action in improving DR. All animal experiments were approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (Approval No.: BUCM-2023052204-2117). Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes mellitus (DM) rat model was used, and fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glucosylated serum protein (GSP) levels were measured in each group of rats. Occludin and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) were detected by immunofluorescence staining; air flow-assisted desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (AFADESI-MSI) was used to detect endogenous metabolites in the cornea, vitreous, and retinal microregions of the eyes of rats in the DM group and Panax notoginseng group. Endogenous metabolites were detected in the cornea, vitreous, and retinal microregions of the DM and Panax notoginseng groups, and the DM and Panax notoginseng groups were screened for different metabolites by principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). Differential metabolites were screened in the DM and Panax notoginseng groups, the in situ spatial information of differential metabolites in each microregion was analyzed, and the related metabolic pathways were analyzed by the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) database. The results showed that compared with the DM group, diabetic rats in the Panax notoginseng group showed a decreasing trend in both FBG and GSP, and an increase in the expression of ZO-1 and occludin in the retina (P < 0.001); AFADESI-MSI analysis showed that there were a total of 34 differential metabolites in the cornea, vitreous body, and retinal microregion in the Panax notoginseng group, of which Panax notoginseng called back 13 differential metabolites. In the retinal microregion, Panax notoginseng significantly regulated lysophosphatidylserine (18∶0), phosphatidylethanolamine (34∶2) and phosphatidylserine (40∶7/42∶7). The metabolic pathway enrichment results indicated that Panax notoginseng mainly regulated glycerophospholipid metabolism, glycosylphosphatidylinositol synthesis, niacin and nicotinamide metabolism as well as glycerol ester metabolic pathways. In conclusion, Panax notoginseng improves the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) in diabetic rats, and its mechanism of action may be closely related to glycerophospholipid metabolism. This study provides scientific evidence for the mechanism of action of Panax notoginseng in improving DR, and demonstrates the potential of mass spectrometry imaging technology applied to the study of pharmacological mechanisms.

, correspAuthors=Gai-mei HAO, Jing HAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yu-xing JI, Mei-zhong PENG, Shang-qiu NING, Mei-mei YANG, Zhuo-rong LIU, Yu-ting ZHANG, Gai-mei HAO, Jing HAN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1190374250738450878, articleId=1190373731282289328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=基于质谱成像技术探讨三七改善糖尿病大鼠视网膜代谢物的分布研究, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

基于质谱成像法研究三七改善糖尿病视网膜病变(DR) 及干预角膜、玻璃体和视网膜代谢物的作用, 揭示三七改善DR作用机制。所有动物实验经北京中医药大学实验动物伦理委员会批准(批准号: BUCM-2023052204-2117)。采用链脲佐菌素(STZ) 诱导糖尿病(DM) 大鼠模型, 检测各组大鼠的空腹血糖(FBG) 和糖化血清蛋白(GSP) 含量, 应用免疫荧光染色法检测大鼠视网膜中闭合蛋白(occludin)、闭锁小带蛋白-1 (ZO-1) 表达水平; 采用空气动力辅助解吸电喷雾离子化质谱成像(AFADESI-MSI) 检测DM组和三七组大鼠眼球角膜、玻璃体、视网膜微区内源性代谢物, 通过主成分分析(PCA)、正交偏最小二乘法判别分析(OPLS-DA) 筛选DM组和三七组的差异代谢物, 分析各微区中差异代谢物的原位空间信息, 并通过京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG) 数据库分析相关代谢通路。结果表明, 与DM组比较, 三七组糖尿病大鼠FBG和GSP均有下降趋势, 视网膜中ZO-1、occludin表达增加(P < 0.001); AFADESI-MSI分析结果显示, 三七组角膜、玻璃体和视网膜微区共有34个差异代谢物, 其中三七回调13种差异代谢物。在视网膜微区, 三七显著回调溶血磷脂酰丝氨酸(18∶0)、磷脂酰乙醇胺(34∶2) 和磷脂酰丝氨酸(40∶7/42∶7); 代谢通路富集结果表明, 三七主要调控甘油磷脂代谢、糖基磷脂酰肌醇合成、烟酸和烟酰胺代谢以及甘油酯代谢途径。综上, 三七改善糖尿病大鼠血视网膜屏障(BRB), 其作用机制可能与甘油磷脂代谢密切相关, 本研究为三七改善DR的作用机制提供了科学依据, 展现了质谱成像技术应用于药理机制研究的潜力。

, correspAuthors=郝改梅, 韩静, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*郝改梅, E-mail:
韩静, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《药学学报》编辑部2025, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=TJsBfgqvBU6UvbUIzIo7Ww==, magXml=TRsDzoLW8g9MjnL95YF1yw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=6kfVvqJw6gitWEhXLJQEtA==, pdfFileSize=5258857, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=CZmM1rDyfAmNmokse0ES3g==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=w6yq/qwvUaXyxtqSPcit2w==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=籍宇星, 彭美中, 宁尚秋, 杨美美, 刘卓容, 张雨婷, 郝改梅, 韩静)}, authors=[Author(id=1190694748286501782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1190694748521382809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, authorId=1190694748286501782, language=EN, stringName=Yu-xing JI, firstName=Yu-xing, middleName=null, lastName=JI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1. Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1190694748668183450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, authorId=1190694748286501782, language=CN, stringName=籍宇星, firstName=宇星, middleName=null, lastName=籍, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.北京中医药大学, 北京 102488, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1190694747640578952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190694747653161864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, companyId=1190694747640578952, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190694747661550473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, companyId=1190694747640578952, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.北京中医药大学, 北京 102488)])]), Author(id=1190694748798206876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1190694748974367646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, authorId=1190694748798206876, language=EN, stringName=Mei-zhong PENG, firstName=Mei-zhong, middleName=null, lastName=PENG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1. Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1190694749100196768, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, authorId=1190694748798206876, language=CN, stringName=彭美中, firstName=美中, middleName=null, lastName=彭, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.北京中医药大学, 北京 102488, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1190694747640578952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190694747653161864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, companyId=1190694747640578952, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190694747661550473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, companyId=1190694747640578952, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.北京中医药大学, 北京 102488)])]), Author(id=1190694749192471460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1190694749326689193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, authorId=1190694749192471460, language=EN, stringName=Shang-qiu NING, firstName=Shang-qiu, middleName=null, lastName=NING, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2. Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1190694749414769580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, authorId=1190694749192471460, language=CN, stringName=宁尚秋, firstName=尚秋, middleName=null, lastName=宁, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院, 北京 100020, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1190694747888042893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190694747900625805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, companyId=1190694747888042893, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190694747909014414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, companyId=1190694747888042893, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院, 北京 100020)])]), Author(id=1190694749511238576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1190694749582541747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, authorId=1190694749511238576, language=EN, stringName=Mei-mei YANG, firstName=Mei-mei, middleName=null, lastName=YANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1. Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1190694749695787957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, authorId=1190694749511238576, language=CN, stringName=杨美美, firstName=美美, middleName=null, lastName=杨, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.北京中医药大学, 北京 102488, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1190694747640578952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190694747653161864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, companyId=1190694747640578952, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190694747661550473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, companyId=1190694747640578952, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.北京中医药大学, 北京 102488)])]), Author(id=1190694749834199994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1190694749972612029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, authorId=1190694749834199994, language=EN, stringName=Zhuo-rong LIU, firstName=Zhuo-rong, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1. Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1190694750085858239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, authorId=1190694749834199994, language=CN, stringName=刘卓容, firstName=卓容, middleName=null, lastName=刘, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.北京中医药大学, 北京 102488, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1190694747640578952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190694747653161864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, companyId=1190694747640578952, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190694747661550473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, companyId=1190694747640578952, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.北京中医药大学, 北京 102488)])]), Author(id=1190694750215881668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1190694750362682312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, authorId=1190694750215881668, language=EN, stringName=Yu-ting ZHANG, firstName=Yu-ting, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1. Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1190694750517871560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, authorId=1190694750215881668, language=CN, stringName=张雨婷, firstName=雨婷, middleName=null, lastName=张, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.北京中医药大学, 北京 102488, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1190694747640578952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190694747653161864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, companyId=1190694747640578952, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190694747661550473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, companyId=1190694747640578952, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.北京中医药大学, 北京 102488)])]), Author(id=1190694750656283597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, orderNo=6, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=haogaimei@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1190694750882776016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, authorId=1190694750656283597, language=EN, stringName=Gai-mei HAO, firstName=Gai-mei, middleName=null, lastName=HAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, *, address=3. Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1190694751197348818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, authorId=1190694750656283597, language=CN, stringName=郝改梅, firstName=改梅, middleName=null, lastName=郝, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, *, address=3.中国中医科学院中医基础理论研究所, 北京 100700, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1190694748089369490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190694748097758099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, companyId=1190694748089369490, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190694748106146708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, companyId=1190694748089369490, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.中国中医科学院中医基础理论研究所, 北京 100700)])]), Author(id=1190694751339955159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, orderNo=7, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=hanjing8585@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1190694751453201370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, authorId=1190694751339955159, language=EN, stringName=Jing HAN, firstName=Jing, middleName=null, lastName=HAN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1. Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1190694751612584924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, authorId=1190694751339955159, language=CN, stringName=韩静, firstName=静, middleName=null, lastName=韩, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1.北京中医药大学, 北京 102488, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1190694747640578952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190694747653161864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, companyId=1190694747640578952, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190694747661550473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, companyId=1190694747640578952, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.北京中医药大学, 北京 102488)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1190694751813911522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=Panax notoginseng), Keyword(id=1190694751922963428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=diabetic retinopathy), Keyword(id=1190694752032015333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=mass spectrometry imaging), Keyword(id=1190694752141067239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=blood-retinal barrier), Keyword(id=1190694752292062185, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=glycerophospholipid metabolism), Keyword(id=1190694752422085611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=三七), Keyword(id=1190694752686326765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=糖尿病视网膜病变), Keyword(id=1190694752828933103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=质谱成像), Keyword(id=1190694752954762226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=血视网膜屏障), Keyword(id=1190694754141750260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=甘油磷脂代谢)], refs=[Reference(id=1190694760026357797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Cho NH, Shaw JE, Karuranga S, et al. IDF Diabetes Atlas: global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2017 and projections for 2045 [J]. Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 2018, 138: 271-281., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190694760156381224, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chong DD, Das N, Singh RP. Diabetic retinopathy: screening, prevention, and treatment [J]. Cleve Clin J Med, 2024, 91: 503-510., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190694760294793258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yau JW, Rogers SL, Kawasaki R, et al. Global prevalence and major risk factors of diabetic retinopathy [J]. Diabetes Care, 2012, 35: 556-564., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190694760395456556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=3, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ting DSW, Cheung GCM, Wong TY. Diabetic retinopathy: global prevalence, major risk factors, screening practices and public health challenges: a review [J]. Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2016, 44: 260-277., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190694760567423022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=4, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen MH, Liu PY, Wang X, et al. Advances in drug therapy for diabetic retinopathy [J]. J Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Med Sci (上海交通大学学报医学版), 2024, 44: 822-829., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190694760735195184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=5, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sun X, Wang YR, Cheng XM, et al. The improving effect of topical administration of Panax notoginseng total saponins on non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy in rats [J]. Acta Pharm Sin (药学学报), 2024, 59: 1271-1279., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190694760848441396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang Y, Sun X, Xie Y, et al. Panax notoginseng saponins alleviate diabetic retinopathy by inhibiting retinal inflammation: association with the NF-κB signaling pathway [J]. J Ethnopharmacol, 2024, 319(Pt1): 117135., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190694761012019257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=7, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhou P, Xie W, Meng X, et al. Notoginsenoside R1 ameliorates diabetic retinopathy through PINK1-dependent activation of mitophagy [J]. Cells, 2019, 8: 213., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190694761108488254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=8, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Dyar KA, Eckel-Mahan KL. Circadian metabolomics in time and space [J]. Front Neurosci, 2017, 11: 369., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190694761259483201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=9, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lindon JC, Holmes E, Nicholson JK. Metabonomics in pharmaceutical R&D [J]. FEBS J, 2007, 274: 1140-1151., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190694761372729412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=10, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Buchberger AR, DeLaney K, Johnson J, et al. Mass spectrometry imaging: a review of emerging advancements and future insights [J]. Anal Chem, 2018, 90: 240-265., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190694761485975627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=11, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=He MJ, Pu W, Wang X, et al. Comparing DESI-MSI and MALDI-MSI mediated spatial metabolomics and their applications in cancer studies [J]. Front Oncol, 2022, 12: 891018., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190694761624387661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=12, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Jiang H, Gao S, Hu G, et al. Innovation in drug toxicology: application of mass spectrometry imaging technology [J]. Toxicology, 2021, 464: 153000., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190694761913794640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=13, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Erickson KK, Sundstrom JM, Antonetti DA. Vascular permeability in ocular disease and the role of tight junctions [J]. Angiogenesis, 2007, 10: 103-117., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190694762006069333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=14, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Robles-Osorio ML, Sabath E. Tight junction disruption and the pathogenesis of the chronic complications of diabetes mellitus: a narrative review [J]. World J Diabetes, 2023, 14: 1013-1026., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190694763130142808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=15, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Antonetti DA, Barber AJ, Khin S, et al. Vascular permeability in experimental diabetes is associated with reduced endothelial occludin content: vascular endothelial growth factor decreases occludin in retinal endothelial cells [J]. Diabetes, 1998, 47: 1953-1959., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190694763495047258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=16, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Fischer S, Wobben M, Marti HH, et al. Hypoxia-induced hyperpermeability in brain microvessel endothelial cells involves VEGF-mediated changes in the expression of zonula occludens-1 [J]. Microvas Res, 2002, 63: 70-80., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190694764346490975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=17, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Antonetti DA, Wolpert EB, DeMaio L, et al. Hydrocortisone decreases retinal endothelial cell water and solute flux coincident with increased content and decreased phosphorylation of occludin [J]. J Neurochem, 2002, 80: 667-677., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190694764501680225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=18, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yao Q, Ma XD, Zhang Q, et al. The protective effect of Panax notoginseng total saponins on the retinal function in early diabetic rats [J]. Ningxia Med J (宁夏医学杂志), 2014, 36: 204-206., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190694764652675171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=19, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang J, Ma YH, Cui SC, et al. Hypoglycemic effect of Panax notoginseng polysaccharides in diabetic model rats and its therapeutic effect on diabetic retinopathy and their mechanisms [J]. Jilin University Med J (吉林大学学报医学版), 2017, 43: 734-738, 860., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190694764807864421, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=20, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Han X, Zhang L, Kong L, et al. Comprehensive metabolic profiling of diabetic retinopathy [J]. Exp Eye Res, 2023, 233: 109538., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190694764988219495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=21, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Han X, Lains I, Li J, et al. Integrating genetics and metabolomics from multi-ethnic and multi-fluid data reveals putative mechanisms for age-related macular degeneration [J]. Cell Rep Med, 2023, 4: 101085., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190694765181157483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=22, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lu J, Lam SM, Wan Q, et al. High-coverage targeted lipidomics reveals novel serum lipid predictors and lipid pathway dysregulation antecedent to type 2 diabetes onset in normoglycemic Chinese adults [J]. Diabetes Care, 2019, 42: 2117-2126., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190694765416038508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=23, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hu G, Gu L, Wang R, et al. Ethanolamine as a biomarker and biomarker-based therapy for diabetic retinopathy in glucose-well-controlled diabetic patients [J]. Sci Bull (Beijing), 2024, 69: 1920-1935., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190694765546061936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=24, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bakovic M, Fullerton MD, Michel V. Metabolic and molecular aspects of ethanolamine phospholipid biosynthesis: the role of CTP: phosphoethanolamine cytidylyltransferase (Pcyt2) [J]. Biochem Cell Biol, 2007, 85: 283-300., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190694765667696754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=25, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sumarriva K, Uppal K, Ma C, et al. Arginine and carnitine metabolites are altered in diabetic retinopathy [J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2019, 60: 3119-3126., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190694765831274612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=26, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Overgaard AJ, Weir JM, De Souza DP, et al. Lipidomic and metabolomic characterization of a genetically modified mouse model of the early stages of human type 1 diabetes pathogenesis [J]. Metabolomics, 2016, 12: 13., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190694766032601205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=27, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Arifin SA, Falasca M. Lysophosphatidylinositol signalling and metabolic diseases [J]. Metabolites, 2016, 6: 6., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190694766158430327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=28, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Omi J, Kano K, Aoki J. Current knowledge on the biology of lysophosphatidylserine as an emerging bioactive lipid [J]. Cell Biochem Biophys, 2021, 79: 497-508., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190694766280065144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=29, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen L, Zhang H, Zhang Y, et al. Ganglion cell-derived LysoPS induces retinal neovascularisation by activating the microglial GPR34-PI3K-AKT-NINJ1 axis [J]. J Neuroinflammation, 2024, 21: 278., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190694766493974650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=30, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sun W, Su M, Zhuang L, et al. Clinical serum lipidomic profiling revealed potential lipid biomarkers for early diabetic retinopathy [J]. Sci Rep, 2024, 14: 15148., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1190694759590150171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, awardId=82074238, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(82074238), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1190694759766310942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, awardId=81873165, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(81873165), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1190694747640578952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190694747653161864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, companyId=1190694747640578952, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190694747661550473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, companyId=1190694747640578952, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.北京中医药大学, 北京 102488)]), AuthorCompany(id=1190694747888042893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190694747900625805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, companyId=1190694747888042893, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190694747909014414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, companyId=1190694747888042893, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院, 北京 100020)]), AuthorCompany(id=1190694748089369490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190694748097758099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, companyId=1190694748089369490, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190694748106146708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, companyId=1190694748089369490, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.中国中医科学院中医基础理论研究所, 北京 100700)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1190694754389214199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=9nn0BOh7BfE/59wR29vYQQ==, figureFileBig=wQul8/VIwmyUYSTXuZkmJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190694754540209144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, language=CN, label=Figure 1, caption= The impact of <i>Panax notoginseng</i> on blood glucose and glycated serum protein in diabetic rats. DM: Diabetes mellitus. A: Blood glucose; B: Glycated serum protein. <i>n</i> = 5, $\bar{x} \pm s$. <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> control group , figureFileSmall=9nn0BOh7BfE/59wR29vYQQ==, figureFileBig=wQul8/VIwmyUYSTXuZkmJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190694754703787003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=o3pNH7G9ROuGvZGk9DhNaw==, figureFileBig=EAboghbeZycwZEz/8L4AmQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190694755081274365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= The impact of <i>Panax notoginseng</i> on retinal permeability in diabetic rats. A: Representative image of occludin; B: Representative image of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1); C: Fluorescence intensity of occludin; D: Fluorescence intensity of ZO-1. <i>n</i> = 5, $\bar{x} \pm s$. <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> control group; <sup>###</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> DM group. Scale bar: 100 μm. 400× , figureFileSmall=o3pNH7G9ROuGvZGk9DhNaw==, figureFileBig=EAboghbeZycwZEz/8L4AmQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190694755479733246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=41TvYVl3IiE53pi9fZax8A==, figureFileBig=ho55XEmc5IqpqPPPMzDFiA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190694756024992768, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= The principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) score plots of each microregion in the eye tissue sections. A: PCA analysis of rat corneal microregions; B: PCA analysis of rat vitreous humor microregions; C: PCA analysis of rat retinal microregions; D: OPLS-DA analysis of rat corneal microregions; E: OPLS-DA analysis of rat vitreous humor microregions; F: OPLS-DA analysis of rat retinal microregions , figureFileSmall=41TvYVl3IiE53pi9fZax8A==, figureFileBig=ho55XEmc5IqpqPPPMzDFiA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190694756150820865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=Mu1HeP7rv25qYrCFlu4TjQ==, figureFileBig=pqGlF3D5SAepvHc+/0oP8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190694756318593027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= Analysis of differential metabolite changes in cornea, vitreous and retinal microcurvature. A: Heatmap of rat corneal microregions; B: Heatmap of rat vitreous humor microregions; C: Heatmap of rat retinal microregions , figureFileSmall=Mu1HeP7rv25qYrCFlu4TjQ==, figureFileBig=pqGlF3D5SAepvHc+/0oP8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190694756465393669, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=F8M/l2ZcVF7DFJJgdpjkkg==, figureFileBig=NTQ9yHvmKn47S+DkjHVdGA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190694756599611399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption= Analysis of the spatial location of differential metabolites in retinal microregions. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001, <sup>****</sup><i>P</i> < 0.000 1 <i>vs</i> DM group , figureFileSmall=F8M/l2ZcVF7DFJJgdpjkkg==, figureFileBig=NTQ9yHvmKn47S+DkjHVdGA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190694756717051913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=KhEmCTPzztyCp9PnxUuuxg==, figureFileBig=rDvv1bdrnEa0L0UPEgmTsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190694756956127243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, language=CN, label=Figure 6, caption= Metabolic pathway enrichment. A: Metabolic pathways involved in differential metabolites in the corneal microregions of diabetic rat models; B: Metabolic pathways involved in differential metabolites in the vitreous microregions of diabetic rat models; C: Metabolic pathways involved in differential metabolites in the retinal microregions of diabetic rat models , figureFileSmall=KhEmCTPzztyCp9PnxUuuxg==, figureFileBig=rDvv1bdrnEa0L0UPEgmTsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190694757102927885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. Theoretical m/z Metabolite Formula Attach form m/z Error/ppm Trend
1 138.019 7 4-Nitrophenol C6H5NO3 [M-H]- 138.018 5 -8.45 Down**
2 146.045 9 L-Glutamic acid C5H9NO4 [M-H]- 146.044 8 -7.40 Down**
3 157.123 4 Pelargonic acid C9H18O2 [M-H]- 157.122 4 -6.38 Down*
4 181.071 8 Sorbitol C6H14O6 [M-H]- 181.071 -4.21 Down**
5 187.097 6 Azelaic acid C9H16O4 [M-H]- 187.096 8 -4.18 Down**
6 227.201 7 Myristic acid C14H28O2 [M-H]- 227.201 3 -1.56 Down*
7 283.264 3 Stearic acid C18H36O2 [M-H]- 283.264 4 0.52 Down**
8 323.028 6 Uridine 5′-monophosphate C9H13N2O9P [M-H]- 323.028 9 0.96 Down***
9 341.108 9 Galactinol C12H22O11 [M-H]- 341.109 0.19 Up**
), ArticleFig(id=1190694757186813966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

Differential metabolites in corneal microregions between DM group and Panax notoginseng group (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. Theoretical m/z Metabolite Formula Attach form m/z Error/ppm Trend
1 138.019 7 4-Nitrophenol C6H5NO3 [M-H]- 138.018 5 -8.45 Down**
2 146.045 9 L-Glutamic acid C5H9NO4 [M-H]- 146.044 8 -7.40 Down**
3 157.123 4 Pelargonic acid C9H18O2 [M-H]- 157.122 4 -6.38 Down*
4 181.071 8 Sorbitol C6H14O6 [M-H]- 181.071 -4.21 Down**
5 187.097 6 Azelaic acid C9H16O4 [M-H]- 187.096 8 -4.18 Down**
6 227.201 7 Myristic acid C14H28O2 [M-H]- 227.201 3 -1.56 Down*
7 283.264 3 Stearic acid C18H36O2 [M-H]- 283.264 4 0.52 Down**
8 323.028 6 Uridine 5′-monophosphate C9H13N2O9P [M-H]- 323.028 9 0.96 Down***
9 341.108 9 Galactinol C12H22O11 [M-H]- 341.109 0.19 Up**
), ArticleFig(id=1190694757300060177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. Theoretical m/z Metabolite Formula Attach form m/z Error/ppm Trend
1 197.080 8 4-Hydroxy-6-methyl-3-(1-oxobutyl)-2H-pyran-2-one C10H12O4 [M+H]+ 197.078 9 -9.82 Up***
2 205.068 3 Sorbitol C6H14O6 [M+Na]+ 205.069 3.61 Down*
3 207.101 6 2, 3-Dihydro-6-methoxy-2, 2-dimethyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one C12H14O3 [M+H]+ 207.099 6 -9.52 Up****
4 209.059 1 Lanthionine C6H12N2O4S [M+H]+ 209.057 9 -5.52 Down**
5 223.074 7 L-Cystathionine C7H14N2O4S [M+H]+ 223.073 8 -4.05 Down****
6 225.112 1 Alongside C12H16O4 [M+H]+ 225.110 2 -8.60 Up****
7 237.148 5 12, 13-Dimethyl-5, 14-dioxabicyclo[9.2.1]-tetradeca-1(13), 11-dien-4-one C14H20O3 [M+H]+ 237.146 6 -8.10 Up****
8 239.125 4 Undecanedioic acid C11H20O4 [M+Na]+ 239.125 8 1.75 Up***
9 245.076 8 Pseudouridine uridine C9H12N2O6 [M+H]+ 245.078 9 8.52 Up****
10 255.064 5 5-L-Glutamyl-taurine C7H14N2O6S [M+H]+ 255.063 3 -4.84 Down**
11 267.156 7 1, 11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid C13H24O4 [M+Na]+ 267.157 1 1.57 Up***
12 268.104 0 Adenosine C10H13N5O4 [M+H]+ 268.104 5 1.75 Down**
13 413.266 2 Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate C24H38O4 [M+Na]+ 413.266 9 1.62 Up**
), ArticleFig(id=1190694757534941202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, language=CN, label=Table 2, caption=

Differential metabolites in vitreous microregions between DM group and Panax notoginseng group (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.000 1)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. Theoretical m/z Metabolite Formula Attach form m/z Error/ppm Trend
1 197.080 8 4-Hydroxy-6-methyl-3-(1-oxobutyl)-2H-pyran-2-one C10H12O4 [M+H]+ 197.078 9 -9.82 Up***
2 205.068 3 Sorbitol C6H14O6 [M+Na]+ 205.069 3.61 Down*
3 207.101 6 2, 3-Dihydro-6-methoxy-2, 2-dimethyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one C12H14O3 [M+H]+ 207.099 6 -9.52 Up****
4 209.059 1 Lanthionine C6H12N2O4S [M+H]+ 209.057 9 -5.52 Down**
5 223.074 7 L-Cystathionine C7H14N2O4S [M+H]+ 223.073 8 -4.05 Down****
6 225.112 1 Alongside C12H16O4 [M+H]+ 225.110 2 -8.60 Up****
7 237.148 5 12, 13-Dimethyl-5, 14-dioxabicyclo[9.2.1]-tetradeca-1(13), 11-dien-4-one C14H20O3 [M+H]+ 237.146 6 -8.10 Up****
8 239.125 4 Undecanedioic acid C11H20O4 [M+Na]+ 239.125 8 1.75 Up***
9 245.076 8 Pseudouridine uridine C9H12N2O6 [M+H]+ 245.078 9 8.52 Up****
10 255.064 5 5-L-Glutamyl-taurine C7H14N2O6S [M+H]+ 255.063 3 -4.84 Down**
11 267.156 7 1, 11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid C13H24O4 [M+Na]+ 267.157 1 1.57 Up***
12 268.104 0 Adenosine C10H13N5O4 [M+H]+ 268.104 5 1.75 Down**
13 413.266 2 Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate C24H38O4 [M+Na]+ 413.266 9 1.62 Up**
), ArticleFig(id=1190694758835175444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. Theoretical m/z Metabolite Formula Attach form m/z Error/ppm Trend
1 524.299 4 LysoPS(18∶0) C24H48NO9P [M-H]- 524.299 3 -0.18 Up**
2 571.288 9 LysoPI(16∶0) C25H49O12P [M-H]- 571.289 4 0.90 Down*
3 619.288 9 LysoPI(20∶4) C29H49O12P [M-H]- 619.291 3 3.90 Down*
4 662.101 8 NAD C21H27N7O14P2 [M-H]- 662.103 3 2.20 Down*
5 673.481 4 PA(34∶1) C37H71O8P [M-H]- 673.482 1 1.07 Down**
6 714.507 9 PE(34∶2) C40H78NO7P [M-H]- 714.506 5 -2.00 Up****
7 737.489 4 PA(36∶1) C39H75O8P [M+Cl]- 737.495 4 8.19 Down***
8 802.539 2 PC(38∶7) C46H78NO8P [M-H]- 802.539 5 0.34 Down*
9 830.570 5 PC(40∶7) C48H82NO8P [M-H]- 830.571 3 0.93 Down*
10 832.513 4 PS(40∶7) C46H76NO10P [M-H]- 832.513 9 0.59 Up*
11 860.544 7 PS(42∶7) C48H80NO10P [M-H]- 860.536 4 -9.65 Up****
12 871.534 2 PI(37∶4) C46H81O13P [M-H]- 871.533 1 -1.27 Down***
), ArticleFig(id=1190694759032307735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373731282289328, language=CN, label=Table 3, caption=

Differential metabolites in retinal microregions between DM group and Panax notoginseng group (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.000 1). LysoPS: Lysophosphatidylserine; LysoPI: Lysophosphatidylinositol; NAD: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; PA: Phosphatidic acid; PE: Phosphatidylethanolamine; PC: Phosp hatidylcholine; PS: Phosphatidylserine; PI: Phosphatidylinositol

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. Theoretical m/z Metabolite Formula Attach form m/z Error/ppm Trend
1 524.299 4 LysoPS(18∶0) C24H48NO9P [M-H]- 524.299 3 -0.18 Up**
2 571.288 9 LysoPI(16∶0) C25H49O12P [M-H]- 571.289 4 0.90 Down*
3 619.288 9 LysoPI(20∶4) C29H49O12P [M-H]- 619.291 3 3.90 Down*
4 662.101 8 NAD C21H27N7O14P2 [M-H]- 662.103 3 2.20 Down*
5 673.481 4 PA(34∶1) C37H71O8P [M-H]- 673.482 1 1.07 Down**
6 714.507 9 PE(34∶2) C40H78NO7P [M-H]- 714.506 5 -2.00 Up****
7 737.489 4 PA(36∶1) C39H75O8P [M+Cl]- 737.495 4 8.19 Down***
8 802.539 2 PC(38∶7) C46H78NO8P [M-H]- 802.539 5 0.34 Down*
9 830.570 5 PC(40∶7) C48H82NO8P [M-H]- 830.571 3 0.93 Down*
10 832.513 4 PS(40∶7) C46H76NO10P [M-H]- 832.513 9 0.59 Up*
11 860.544 7 PS(42∶7) C48H80NO10P [M-H]- 860.536 4 -9.65 Up****
12 871.534 2 PI(37∶4) C46H81O13P [M-H]- 871.533 1 -1.27 Down***
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1189982048455397383, delFlag=0, nameCn=药学学报, nameEn=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=0513-4870, eissn=null, cn=11-2163/R, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=BTxjudbJDVO4PqdBR6On6Q==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=null, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1761643429151, updatedTime=1761735768113, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=A, firstLetterEn=A, subjectCode=Life Sciences, subjectName=Life Sciences, subjectCodeEn=Life Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=BTxjudbJDVO4PqdBR6On6Q==, picEn=c4l1ckL55nWbhl1KrFdWIA==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1190369346338783397, language=CN, name=药学学报, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1761735768160, updatedTime=1761735768160, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/authorLogOn.action, submissionEditorUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/editorLogOn.action, submissionReviewUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/expertLogOn.action, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1190369346376532134, language=EN, name=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1761735768169, updatedTime=1761735768169, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/authorLogOn.action, submissionEditorUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/editorLogOn.action, submissionReviewUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/expertLogOn.action, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1189982191388893191, websiteList=[Website(id=1189982271588340489, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1189982191388893191, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN, language=CN, createTime=1761643482348, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761643498101, updateBy=18614031015, name=药学学报-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=药学学报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1189982873114448678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761643625763, updateTime=1761643625763, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873093477155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761643625758, updateTime=1761643625758, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873135420201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643625768, updateTime=1761643625768, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873085088546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/file/pic?fileId=w+t2v8bJnX5lh3+hRRJcDA==, createTime=1761643625756, updateTime=1761643625756, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873152197419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643625772, updateTime=1761643625772, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873110254373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1761643625762, updateTime=1761643625762, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873143808810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643625770, updateTime=1761643625770, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873101865764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1761643625760, updateTime=1761643625760, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873122837287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761643625765, updateTime=1761643625765, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873127031592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761643625766, updateTime=1761643625766, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1189982271655449355, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1189982191388893191, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN, language=EN, createTime=1761643482364, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761643514085, updateBy=18614031015, name=药学学报-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1189982903015633534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761643632892, updateTime=1761643632892, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982902990467707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761643632886, updateTime=1761643632886, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903036605057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643632897, updateTime=1761643632897, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982902982079098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN/file/pic?fileId=w+t2v8bJnX5lh3+hRRJcDA==, createTime=1761643632884, updateTime=1761643632884, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903053382275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643632901, updateTime=1761643632901, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903007244925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN/file/pic, createTime=1761643632890, updateTime=1761643632890, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903044993666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643632899, updateTime=1761643632899, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982902998856316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1761643632888, updateTime=1761643632888, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903019827839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761643632893, updateTime=1761643632893, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903028216448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761643632895, updateTime=1761643632895, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=药学学报, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/aps, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, journalPhotoCn=BTxjudbJDVO4PqdBR6On6Q==, journalPhotoEn=c4l1ckL55nWbhl1KrFdWIA==, journalFirstLetter=A, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-1181, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-1181, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/PDF/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-1181, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN/PDF/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-1181, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
基于质谱成像技术探讨三七改善糖尿病大鼠视网膜代谢物的分布研究
收藏切换
PDF下载
籍宇星 1 , 彭美中 1 , 宁尚秋 2 , 杨美美 1 , 刘卓容 1 , 张雨婷 1 , 郝改梅 3, * , 韩静 1, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2025,60(5): 1515-1524
收起
收藏切换
药学学报 | 研究论文 2025, 60(5): 1515-1524
基于质谱成像技术探讨三七改善糖尿病大鼠视网膜代谢物的分布研究
全屏
籍宇星1, 彭美中1, 宁尚秋2, 杨美美1, 刘卓容1, 张雨婷1, 郝改梅3, * , 韩静1, *
作者信息
  • 1.北京中医药大学, 北京 102488
  • 2.首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院, 北京 100020
  • 3.中国中医科学院中医基础理论研究所, 北京 100700

通讯作者:

*郝改梅, E-mail:
韩静, E-mail:
Mass spectrometry-based imaging to investigate the distribution of metabolites in the retina of diabetic rats improved by Panax notoginseng
Yu-xing JI1, Mei-zhong PENG1, Shang-qiu NING2, Mei-mei YANG1, Zhuo-rong LIU1, Yu-ting ZHANG1, Gai-mei HAO3, * , Jing HAN1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
  • 2. Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
  • 3. Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
出版时间: 2025-05-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-1181
文章导航
收藏切换

基于质谱成像法研究三七改善糖尿病视网膜病变(DR) 及干预角膜、玻璃体和视网膜代谢物的作用, 揭示三七改善DR作用机制。所有动物实验经北京中医药大学实验动物伦理委员会批准(批准号: BUCM-2023052204-2117)。采用链脲佐菌素(STZ) 诱导糖尿病(DM) 大鼠模型, 检测各组大鼠的空腹血糖(FBG) 和糖化血清蛋白(GSP) 含量, 应用免疫荧光染色法检测大鼠视网膜中闭合蛋白(occludin)、闭锁小带蛋白-1 (ZO-1) 表达水平; 采用空气动力辅助解吸电喷雾离子化质谱成像(AFADESI-MSI) 检测DM组和三七组大鼠眼球角膜、玻璃体、视网膜微区内源性代谢物, 通过主成分分析(PCA)、正交偏最小二乘法判别分析(OPLS-DA) 筛选DM组和三七组的差异代谢物, 分析各微区中差异代谢物的原位空间信息, 并通过京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG) 数据库分析相关代谢通路。结果表明, 与DM组比较, 三七组糖尿病大鼠FBG和GSP均有下降趋势, 视网膜中ZO-1、occludin表达增加(P < 0.001); AFADESI-MSI分析结果显示, 三七组角膜、玻璃体和视网膜微区共有34个差异代谢物, 其中三七回调13种差异代谢物。在视网膜微区, 三七显著回调溶血磷脂酰丝氨酸(18∶0)、磷脂酰乙醇胺(34∶2) 和磷脂酰丝氨酸(40∶7/42∶7); 代谢通路富集结果表明, 三七主要调控甘油磷脂代谢、糖基磷脂酰肌醇合成、烟酸和烟酰胺代谢以及甘油酯代谢途径。综上, 三七改善糖尿病大鼠血视网膜屏障(BRB), 其作用机制可能与甘油磷脂代谢密切相关, 本研究为三七改善DR的作用机制提供了科学依据, 展现了质谱成像技术应用于药理机制研究的潜力。

三七  /  糖尿病视网膜病变  /  质谱成像  /  血视网膜屏障  /  甘油磷脂代谢

Based on mass spectrometry imaging method, we investigated the effects of Panax notoginseng in improving diabetic retinopathy (DR) and interfering with corneal, vitreous and retinal metabolites, to reveal the mechanism of Panax notoginseng's action in improving DR. All animal experiments were approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (Approval No.: BUCM-2023052204-2117). Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes mellitus (DM) rat model was used, and fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glucosylated serum protein (GSP) levels were measured in each group of rats. Occludin and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) were detected by immunofluorescence staining; air flow-assisted desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (AFADESI-MSI) was used to detect endogenous metabolites in the cornea, vitreous, and retinal microregions of the eyes of rats in the DM group and Panax notoginseng group. Endogenous metabolites were detected in the cornea, vitreous, and retinal microregions of the DM and Panax notoginseng groups, and the DM and Panax notoginseng groups were screened for different metabolites by principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). Differential metabolites were screened in the DM and Panax notoginseng groups, the in situ spatial information of differential metabolites in each microregion was analyzed, and the related metabolic pathways were analyzed by the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) database. The results showed that compared with the DM group, diabetic rats in the Panax notoginseng group showed a decreasing trend in both FBG and GSP, and an increase in the expression of ZO-1 and occludin in the retina (P < 0.001); AFADESI-MSI analysis showed that there were a total of 34 differential metabolites in the cornea, vitreous body, and retinal microregion in the Panax notoginseng group, of which Panax notoginseng called back 13 differential metabolites. In the retinal microregion, Panax notoginseng significantly regulated lysophosphatidylserine (18∶0), phosphatidylethanolamine (34∶2) and phosphatidylserine (40∶7/42∶7). The metabolic pathway enrichment results indicated that Panax notoginseng mainly regulated glycerophospholipid metabolism, glycosylphosphatidylinositol synthesis, niacin and nicotinamide metabolism as well as glycerol ester metabolic pathways. In conclusion, Panax notoginseng improves the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) in diabetic rats, and its mechanism of action may be closely related to glycerophospholipid metabolism. This study provides scientific evidence for the mechanism of action of Panax notoginseng in improving DR, and demonstrates the potential of mass spectrometry imaging technology applied to the study of pharmacological mechanisms.

Panax notoginseng  /  diabetic retinopathy  /  mass spectrometry imaging  /  blood-retinal barrier  /  glycerophospholipid metabolism
籍宇星, 彭美中, 宁尚秋, 杨美美, 刘卓容, 张雨婷, 郝改梅, 韩静. 基于质谱成像技术探讨三七改善糖尿病大鼠视网膜代谢物的分布研究. 药学学报, 2025 , 60 (5) : 1515 -1524 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-1181
Yu-xing JI, Mei-zhong PENG, Shang-qiu NING, Mei-mei YANG, Zhuo-rong LIU, Yu-ting ZHANG, Gai-mei HAO, Jing HAN. Mass spectrometry-based imaging to investigate the distribution of metabolites in the retina of diabetic rats improved by Panax notoginseng[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2025 , 60 (5) : 1515 -1524 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-1181
随着经济发展和人们生活水平提高, 糖尿病的发病率逐年增加。据估计, 到2045年, 糖尿病患者人数将增加到7亿[1]。糖尿病视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy, DR) 是糖尿病主要眼部并发症, 表现为视网膜血管损伤以及神经退行性改变。DR是导致失明和视力障碍的主要原因[2], 据报道全球成人糖尿病人群中DR患病人数约1亿[3, 4]。目前, 临床治疗DR主要采用抗血管内皮生长因子类药物, 然而该类药物主要针对DR晚期阶段, 对于患者疗效有限, 并且存在眼内炎、视网膜裂孔、视网膜脱离等风险[5]。因此, DR药物研究与开发的需求仍然迫切。
三七[Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen] 最早被记载于《本草纲目》中, “味微甘而苦, 颇似人参之味”, 具有止血散瘀、消肿定痛之效。临床上不仅用于治疗动脉粥样硬化、糖尿病、急性肺损伤、癌症和心血管疾病, 而且广泛应用于治疗DR。研究表明, 三七总皂苷溶液滴眼给药后抑制核因子κB (nuclear factor kappa B, NF-κB) 信号通路的激活, 抑制炎症反应, 保护视网膜结构, 维护血视网膜屏障(blood-retinal barrier, BRB), 从而改善DR[6]。三七皂苷通过上调密蛋白1 (claudin-1, CLD1) 和闭合蛋白(occludin) 表达保护BRB, 抑制NF-κB信号通路的激活, 减少视网膜炎症, 改善DR[7]。三七皂苷R1 (notoginsenoside R1, NGR1) 显著降低db/db小鼠的视网膜电图和视觉诱发电位振幅, 光学相干断层扫描和苏木精-伊红染色(hematoxylin and eosin staining, HE) 结果显示小鼠视网膜厚度显著增加, 表明NGR1通过调节线粒体自噬, 降低高糖诱导的Müller细胞和db/db小鼠视网膜中氧化应激和炎症反应显著改善视网膜功能障碍[8]。然而, 三七改善DR的药理机制研究尚未明确阐释。
代谢物的异常分布和丰度通常预示着各种疾病中生物代谢的改变[9]。代谢组学能够高通量检测体内组织样本内源性代谢物变化, 寻找差异代谢物可为药物治疗和临床诊断提供潜在的生物标志物[10]。然而传统代谢组学采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术、液相色谱-质谱联用技术和核磁共振-质谱联用技术, 需要对组织样品匀浆进行分析, 使得代谢物在组织的空间原位信息缺失。质谱成像是一种基于质谱的新型无标记非靶向灵敏的成像技术, 能够直接提供代谢物信息和空间位置信息[11]。目前空间代谢组学主要基于两种技术, 分别为基质辅助激光解吸电离质谱成像(matrix assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry, MALDI-MSI) 和解吸电喷雾电离质谱成像(desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging, DESI-MSI)。DESI-MSI相较于MALDI-MSI, 操作更为简易, 能够快速分析更多样品, 且不会出现基质沉积, 影响代谢物可视化。空气动力辅助解吸电喷雾离子化质谱成像(air flow-assisted desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging, AFADESI-MSI) 是基于DESI-MSI开发的技术, 不仅具备DESI-MSI的优点, 并且能够在非靶向实验中同时检测数千个分子, 灵敏度更是达到皮摩尔级别[12]。质谱成像技术可以提供眼球组织层之间化学物质分布的信息, 已被应用于白内障和青光眼的研究[13], 尚未应用于DR。因此, 本研究计划采用AFADESI-MSI, 监测糖尿病大鼠体内眼球中不同区域的代谢物变化, 明晰三七调节DR的代谢途径, 阐明三七改善DR的药理机制, 为三七深度开发与临床应用提供科学依据。
实验动物  健康SPF级SD雄性大鼠15只, 体质量200 ± 10 g。所有大鼠均由北京维通利华公司提供, 合格证号为No. 110011231104144512。饲养温度采用22 ± 2 ℃, 标准湿度50% ± 10%条件下, 自由进食饮水, 适应性培养1周, 饲养于北京中医药大学动物实验中心。动物实验经北京中医药大学实验动物伦理委员会批准(批准号: BUCM-2023052204-2117)。
药物与试剂  三七(货号: 20110901), 北京好一生君康医药有限公司; 氯化钠注射液(货号: 2202242003), 石家庄四药有限公司; 链脲佐菌素(货号: S0130), 美国Sigma-Aldrich公司; 柠檬酸钠(货号: DS016), 北京鼎国昌盛生物技术有限责任公司; 柠檬酸(货号: 20160216), 北京化工厂有限责任公司; OCT (optimal cutting temperature compound, OCT) 包埋剂(货号: 4583), 日本Sakura Finetek Japan Co., Ltd.公司; 血糖试纸(货号: 4870948), 美国强生公司; 磷酸盐缓冲液(phosphate buffered saline, PBS) 缓冲液干粉(货号: P1003), 北京索莱宝科技有限公司; 封闭用山羊血清工作液(货号: ZLI-9056)、含4′, 6-二脒基-2-苯基吲哚二盐酸盐(4′, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, DAPI) 荧光封片剂(货号: ZLI-9557)、免疫组化笔(货号: ZLI-9305), 北京中杉金桥生物技术有限公司; 兔多克隆抗体: occludin (货号: 27260-1-AP)、闭锁小带蛋白-1 (zonula occludens-1, ZO-1, 货号: 21773-1-AP), 武汉三鹰生物技术有限公司; Alexa Fluor 647标记羊抗兔二抗(货号: BN20636), 北京百瑞极生物科技有限公司。
仪器  血糖仪(型号: OneTouch Verio Flex), 美国强生公司; Bioanalyzer (型号: 2100), 美国安捷伦科技公司; 激光共聚焦显微镜(型号: SP8)、冷冻切片机(型号: CM3050S), 德国徕卡仪器有限公司; 电子天平(型号: BSA224S-CW), 德国赛多利斯公司; 真空干燥器(型号: PC-3), 上海越磁电子科技有限公司; 扫描仪(型号: PrimeHisto XE), 上海中晶科技有限公司; AFADESI-MSI成像系统平台(型号: AFADESI-10), 中国医学科学院药物研究所; 高分辨质谱仪配有Xcalibur数据处理系统(型号: Q-Exactive), 美国赛默飞世尔科技公司; MassImager先进质谱成像系统工作站(型号: MassImagerTM), 北京科迈恩科技有限公司;
动物造模  大鼠禁食12 h后, 按照60 mg·kg-1的剂量一次腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(streptozotocin, STZ) 建立糖尿病(diabetes mellitus, DM) 大鼠模型。注射后72 h检查大鼠空腹血糖水平(fasting blood glucose, FBG), FBG > 16.7 mmol·L-1视为糖尿病造模成功, 随后将造模成功的10只大鼠随机分为DM与三七组, 每组5只。另设5只正常对照组, 正常对照组大鼠腹腔注射柠檬酸钠缓冲液。造模成功后, 三七组大鼠以每天1.89 g·kg-1连续灌胃四周, 正常对照组与DM组根据大鼠体重灌胃等体积的生理盐水。
眼球样本组织预处理  末次给药后, 大鼠禁食12 h, 根据体重注射1%戊巴比妥钠(0.01 mL·g-1) 麻醉大鼠后, 摘取正常对照组、DM组和三七组眼球, 加入OCT包埋剂浸没后, 使用冰冻切片机对眼球进行切片, 切片黏附固定于Fisher Superfrost Plus正电荷防脱载玻片上。
大鼠FBG和GSP  各组大鼠禁食不禁水8 h, 采用血糖仪检测FBG。麻醉大鼠后腹主动脉取血, 然后静置2 h离心(3 500 r·min-1, 离心15 min, 4 ℃) 后分离上层血清, 采用全自动生化检测仪检测糖化血清蛋白(glucosylated serum protein, GSP) 含量。
免疫荧光法检测occludin和ZO-1蛋白  眼球冰冻切片用PBS洗3次, 每次5 min。一抗occludin和ZO-1按照(1∶200) 稀释后4 ℃孵育过夜, 次日用PBS洗3次。二抗Alexa Fluor 647标记羊抗兔按照(1∶400) 稀释后室温孵育4 h (避光), PBS洗3次, DAPI染核5 min后洗3次, 滴加抗荧光淬灭剂后封片, 使用激光共聚焦显微镜观察。
质谱成像检测条件  眼球切片质谱成像分析基于AFADESI-MSI平台质谱成像研究, 采用20 μm内径解吸电喷雾喷针, 喷雾溶液为乙腈-水(8∶2), 分别在正离子和负离子检测模式(喷雾电压± 7 kV) 下进行, 全扫描模式下采集m/z 100~1 000内的质谱信息, 参数设置如下: 毛细管温度350 ℃, 最大注入时间200 ms, 自动增益控制目标值为3 000 000, 分辨率为70 000, 扫描速度为1.6 scans·s-1, 喷雾压力为0.7 MPa, 抽气速度为42 L·min-1。移动平台参数如下: 喷雾溶剂流速3 μL·min-1, X轴移动速度为0.04 mm·s-1, Y轴控制每行间距为0.04 mm。
眼球组织差异代谢物筛选及分析  对DM组和三七组大鼠眼球组织进行空间代谢组学分析。使用切片机对已固定的大鼠眼球组织进行纵向切割, 随后进行HE染色, 相邻位置切片进行后续质谱成像分析。结合单变量和多变量统计分析对眼球代谢变化进行可视化表征。质谱成像原始.raw数据通过Xcalibur转化为.cdf格式文件。通过MassImager Pro软件进行图像重构、背景扣除、感兴趣区域(region of interest, ROI) 圈选和数据提取。在定位各功能区圈选ROI获得该区域的平均质谱图, 再将各个眼球微区二维矩阵数据存为.txt格式的文件, 导入到MarkerView 1.2.1中进行峰对齐及同位素离子删除。对各离子在视网膜、玻璃体、角膜的强度差异进行t检验, 筛选出具有显著性差异(P < 0.05) 的离子。对数据进行柏拉图标准化转化, 建立主成分分析(principal component analysis, PCA)、正交偏最小二乘法判别分析(orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis, OPLS-DA) 模型, 按照变量重要性投影(variable importance in projection, VIP) > 1, P < 0.05及差异倍数(fold change, FC) > 2或FC < 0.5对正负离子模式数据进行差异代谢物筛选。采用Metaboanyalst 6.0 (https://www.metaboanalyst.ca/) 对角膜、玻璃体、视网膜微区筛选出的差异代谢物在京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes, KEGG) 数据库进行代谢通路富集分析。
数据处理  采用GraphPad Prism 10.0软件进行统计分析并作图, 组间比较采用独立样本t检验。各组数据结果以均值±标准差($\bar{x} \pm s$) 表示, 以P < 0.05为差异具有统计学意义。
本课题组采用STZ 60 mg·kg-1腹腔注射建立1型糖尿病大鼠模型, 三七灌胃给药四周后, 测量大鼠的FBG和GSP含量。结果(图 1) 表明, 与对照组相比, DM组FBG和GSP浓度均显著升高(P < 0.01或P < 0.001), 表明糖尿病大鼠模型造模成功。与DM组相比, 三七组大鼠FBG和GSP具有下降趋势, 但差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。
视网膜的紧密连接对于维持BRB的稳定性具有重要作用。实验结果显示, 与对照组相比, DM组大鼠中的occludin、ZO-1荧光强度均显著下降(P < 0.001); 与DM组大鼠相比, 三七给药组大鼠视网膜occludin和ZO-1荧光强度显著增强(P < 0.001)。实验结果提示, 三七对于维持BRB的稳定性、减少血管通透性具有重要作用(图 2)。
对DM组和三七组角膜、玻璃体、视网膜微区正、负离子模式进行PCA和OPLS-DA分析。角膜微区(图 3AD)、玻璃体微区(图 3BE)、视网膜微区(图 3CF) DM组与三七组的PCA与OPLS-DA均完全分离且具有显著回调作用, 表明DM组和三七组的角膜、玻璃体、视网膜微区内代谢物发生显著改变, 提示三七具有调节糖尿病大鼠眼球代谢物的作用。综上所述, 各微区的PCA和OPLA-DS均拟合性良好, 具有可靠性, 可以用于筛选差异代谢物。
对糖尿病大鼠各微区代谢物变化的预测, 以VIP > 1、FC > 2或FC < 0.5、P < 0.05为筛选标准, 根据潜在差异代谢物的精确分子量, 采用KEGG数据库以及质谱信息鉴定差异代谢物。为了寻找眼球中角膜、玻璃体、视网膜微区差异代谢物之间的关系, 将差异代谢物平均强度进行数据归一化处理后热图分析。与DM组相比, 三七组角膜内共筛选得到9个显著差异代谢物(图 4A, 表 1), 谷氨酸、壬酸、山梨醇、硬脂酸、尿苷酸等潜在标志物下调; 与DM组相比, 三七组玻璃体内共筛选得到13个显著差异代谢物(图 4B, 表 2), 十一烷二酸、假尿苷、十三烷二酸等显著上调, 山梨醇、羊硫氨酸、L-半胱氨酸、腺苷等显著下调; 与DM组相比, 三七组视网膜内共筛选得到12个显著差异代谢物(图 4C, 表 3), 溶血磷脂酰肌醇(16∶0/20∶4)、磷脂酸(34∶1/36∶1)、磷脂酰胆碱(38∶7/40∶7)、磷脂酰肌醇(37∶4) 显著下调, 溶血磷脂酰丝氨酸(18∶0)、磷脂酰乙醇胺(34∶2)、磷脂酰丝氨酸(40∶7) 和磷脂酰丝氨酸(42∶7) 显著上调。综上所述, 通过分析眼球角膜、玻璃体和视网膜各微区得出差异代谢物以及变化趋势, 表明三七可以调节角膜、玻璃体、视网膜内的代谢物。
AFADESI-MSI能够保留眼球的完整形态, 因此, 可对眼球内各微区差异代谢物进行原位空间分析。在DM组和三七组大鼠视网膜微区内筛选出关键代谢物, 分别为溶血磷脂酰丝氨酸(18∶0)、溶血磷脂酰肌醇(16∶0)、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸、磷脂酸(34∶1)、磷脂酰乙醇胺(34∶2)、磷脂酰胆碱(38∶7)、磷脂酰丝氨酸(40∶7)、磷脂酰肌醇(37∶4), 见图 5。进一步对视网膜微区内关键差异代谢物丰度分析, 发现三七能够显著调节视网膜微区中的8个差异代谢物, 由此推测它们与三七改善DR机制有关。
将各微区差异代谢物导入MetaboAnalyst 6.0网站进行KEGG通路富集分析, 筛选标准为P < 0.05。角膜微区内9个差异代谢物富集得到2条代谢通路, 分别为半乳糖代谢、D-谷氨酰胺和D-谷氨酸代谢(图 6A)。玻璃体微区内13个差异代谢物富集得到2条代谢通路, 分别为牛磺酸和次牛磺酸代谢、果糖以及甘露糖代谢(图 6B)。视网膜微区内12个差异代谢物富集得到4条代谢通路, 分别为甘油磷脂代谢、糖基磷脂酰肌醇合成、烟酸和烟酰胺代谢、甘油脂代谢(图 6C)。
BRB具有维持视网膜微环境稳态、影响血管通透性等功能。BRB由内屏障和外屏障组成, 内屏障又由视网膜毛细血管内皮细胞及紧密连接蛋白等组成。紧密连接蛋白位于细胞间接触的最顶端区域, 包含occludin、ZO-1等[14], 其主要功能是限制分子通过细胞旁间隙[15]。DR的病理特征是毛细血管阻塞与通透性增加, 其中BRB破坏是视网膜通透性增强的重要原因。研究表明, occludin、ZO-1蛋白上调与BRB功能增强具有一致性[16, 17], 当DR发生时, BRB功能受损导致occludin、ZO-1等表达下降[18]。三七具有止血散瘀消肿定痛之效, 通过维持BRB、抗炎[7]、神经保护[19]和降血糖[20]等改善DR。本研究采用STZ诱导建立1型糖尿病大鼠模型, 结果表明, 与对照组相比, DM组大鼠视网膜中的occludin、ZO-1表达显著下降, 表明高糖环境occludin、ZO-1表达下降使得BRB受损。三七给药四周后, 显著上调大鼠视网膜中的occuldin、ZO-1表达, 提示三七通过维护BRB改善DR。
进一步采用AFADESI-MSI深入揭示三七改善DR的代谢途径, 研究结果表明, 三七组共鉴定出眼球中有34种显著差异代谢物, 三七干预后能显著上调其中13种; 眼球各微区通路富集分析发现, 三七能够调节角膜微区半乳糖代谢、D-谷氨酰胺和D-谷氨酸代谢, 影响玻璃体微区中牛磺酸和次牛磺酸代谢、果糖和甘露糖代谢, 调控视网膜微区中甘油磷脂代谢、糖基磷脂酰肌醇代谢、烟酸和烟酰胺代谢以及甘油脂代谢。结合前期的实验结果推测三七改善DR的主要机制在于视网膜微区, 该微区中差异代谢物有7种脂类, 且均为甘油磷脂代谢途径产物, 分别为磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰乙醇胺、溶血磷脂酰肌醇、溶血磷脂酰丝氨酸、磷脂酰丝氨酸、磷脂酸和磷脂酰肌醇。
甘油磷脂是真核细胞膜结构的关键组成部分, 根据取代基团不同, 包括磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰乙醇胺、磷脂酰丝氨酸、磷脂酰肌醇等。甘油磷脂不仅参与维持视网膜功能, 而且对糖尿病和DR疾病发展至关重要。糖尿病小鼠视网膜进行非靶向代谢组学研究结果表明磷脂酰乙醇胺、磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰丝氨酸等甘油磷脂代谢失调是DR发病的重要因素[21, 22]。磷脂酰胆碱是真核细胞膜上含量最高的甘油磷脂, 是构成细胞信号通路的关键因子。糖尿病前期患者血清进行靶向脂质组学分析后发现, 磷脂酰胆碱与糖尿病风险升高相关, 并且能够作为预测糖尿病的脂质标志物[23]。磷脂酰乙醇胺是细胞膜和细胞器膜的重要组成部分, 对维持细胞膜的结构完整性和流动性发挥关键作用。乙醇胺是磷脂酰乙醇胺从头合成途径的初始底物, 因此上调乙醇胺是合成磷脂酰乙醇胺的驱动力[24]。最新研究结果表明, 前期DR患者血清中的乙醇胺与DR患病风险存在显著关联, 能够作为前期DR诊断标志物, 而且补充乙醇胺可治疗DR。磷脂酰乙醇胺水平与糖尿病以及DR风险负相关, 这表明上调磷脂酰乙醇胺能够有效改善DR[25]。溶血磷脂酰肌醇由磷脂酰肌醇经磷脂酶A2水解产生, 是一种能够调节细胞间信号传导以及代谢的活性介质[26]。1型糖尿病小鼠血清脂质组学结果表明小鼠血清中的溶血磷脂酰肌醇增加, 提示降低溶血磷脂酰肌醇具有改善糖尿病作用[27, 28]。溶血磷脂酰丝氨酸是一种具有生物活性的磷脂, 主要由磷脂酰丝氨酸脱酰基化生成, 它在细胞信号传导、免疫调节以及多种疾病的发生发展中扮演重要角色[29]。研究表明, 受损的神经节细胞释放的磷脂酰丝氨酸诱导微胶质细胞外陷阱的形成和视网膜新生血管形成。溶血磷脂酰丝氨酸通过与微胶质细胞上的G蛋白偶联受体34 (G protein-coupled receptor 34, GPR34) 相互作用激活GPR34-磷脂酰肌醇3激酶(phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, PI3K)-蛋白激酶B (protein kinase B, PKB, AKT)-神经损伤诱导蛋白1 (nerve injury-induced protein 1, NINJ1) 信号轴, 影响微胶质细胞的功能, 损伤血视网膜屏障功能[30]。磷脂酸是一种重要的磷脂信号分子, 它在细胞内和细胞外信号转导中发挥着关键作用。磷脂酸与特定受体结合, 激活细胞内的信号转导途径, 影响细胞的行为和功能。磷脂酸的合成与细胞结构的维持密切相关, 它参与细胞膜的生物合成和重塑过程。临床采用靶向脂质组学进行研究, 结果表明磷脂酸、磷脂酰丝氨酸等甘油磷脂类可以作为DR早期诊断的生物标志物[31]。本研究实验结果表明在糖尿病大鼠视网膜微区中, 三七给药后磷脂酰胆碱(38∶7/40∶7) 相对丰度显著下调, 磷脂酰乙醇胺(34∶2) 相对丰度显著上调, 下调糖尿病大鼠视网膜中的溶血磷脂酰肌醇(16∶0/20∶4), 显著上调溶血磷脂酰丝氨酸(18∶0)。由此推测三七通过调节视网膜中磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰乙醇胺、溶血磷脂酰丝氨酸、溶血磷脂酰肌醇等甘油脂类代谢物的生成改善DR。
综上所述, 三七改善DR的作用机制可能是通过调节甘油磷脂代谢途径, 增加紧密连接蛋白occludin、ZO-1的表达, 改善BRB功能。本研究基于质谱成像技术初步探讨了三七影响眼球内代谢物的分布, 揭示了三七基于调控甘油磷脂代谢通路改善DR的作用机制, 为三七应用于临床治疗DR提供科学依据, 并且为质谱成像应用于视网膜代谢物的研究提供参考。
作者贡献: 籍宇星负责实验设计及论文写作; 彭美中、宁尚秋、杨美美、刘卓容、张雨婷参与实验操作及数据分析收集; 郝改梅负责审核数据及论文指导; 韩静负责实验设计及修改论文。
利益冲突: 作者声明不存在利益冲突。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(82074238)
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(81873165)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
Cho NH, Shaw JE, Karuranga S, et al. IDF Diabetes Atlas: global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2017 and projections for 2045 [J]. Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 2018, 138: 271-281.
[2]
Chong DD, Das N, Singh RP. Diabetic retinopathy: screening, prevention, and treatment [J]. Cleve Clin J Med, 2024, 91: 503-510.
[3]
Yau JW, Rogers SL, Kawasaki R, et al. Global prevalence and major risk factors of diabetic retinopathy [J]. Diabetes Care, 2012, 35: 556-564.
[4]
Ting DSW, Cheung GCM, Wong TY. Diabetic retinopathy: global prevalence, major risk factors, screening practices and public health challenges: a review [J]. Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2016, 44: 260-277.
[5]
Chen MH, Liu PY, Wang X, et al. Advances in drug therapy for diabetic retinopathy [J]. J Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Med Sci (上海交通大学学报医学版), 2024, 44: 822-829.
[6]
Sun X, Wang YR, Cheng XM, et al. The improving effect of topical administration of Panax notoginseng total saponins on non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy in rats [J]. Acta Pharm Sin (药学学报), 2024, 59: 1271-1279.
[7]
Wang Y, Sun X, Xie Y, et al. Panax notoginseng saponins alleviate diabetic retinopathy by inhibiting retinal inflammation: association with the NF-κB signaling pathway [J]. J Ethnopharmacol, 2024, 319(Pt1): 117135.
[8]
Zhou P, Xie W, Meng X, et al. Notoginsenoside R1 ameliorates diabetic retinopathy through PINK1-dependent activation of mitophagy [J]. Cells, 2019, 8: 213.
[9]
Dyar KA, Eckel-Mahan KL. Circadian metabolomics in time and space [J]. Front Neurosci, 2017, 11: 369.
[10]
Lindon JC, Holmes E, Nicholson JK. Metabonomics in pharmaceutical R&D [J]. FEBS J, 2007, 274: 1140-1151.
[11]
Buchberger AR, DeLaney K, Johnson J, et al. Mass spectrometry imaging: a review of emerging advancements and future insights [J]. Anal Chem, 2018, 90: 240-265.
[12]
He MJ, Pu W, Wang X, et al. Comparing DESI-MSI and MALDI-MSI mediated spatial metabolomics and their applications in cancer studies [J]. Front Oncol, 2022, 12: 891018.
[13]
Jiang H, Gao S, Hu G, et al. Innovation in drug toxicology: application of mass spectrometry imaging technology [J]. Toxicology, 2021, 464: 153000.
[14]
Erickson KK, Sundstrom JM, Antonetti DA. Vascular permeability in ocular disease and the role of tight junctions [J]. Angiogenesis, 2007, 10: 103-117.
[15]
Robles-Osorio ML, Sabath E. Tight junction disruption and the pathogenesis of the chronic complications of diabetes mellitus: a narrative review [J]. World J Diabetes, 2023, 14: 1013-1026.
[16]
Antonetti DA, Barber AJ, Khin S, et al. Vascular permeability in experimental diabetes is associated with reduced endothelial occludin content: vascular endothelial growth factor decreases occludin in retinal endothelial cells [J]. Diabetes, 1998, 47: 1953-1959.
[17]
Fischer S, Wobben M, Marti HH, et al. Hypoxia-induced hyperpermeability in brain microvessel endothelial cells involves VEGF-mediated changes in the expression of zonula occludens-1 [J]. Microvas Res, 2002, 63: 70-80.
[18]
Antonetti DA, Wolpert EB, DeMaio L, et al. Hydrocortisone decreases retinal endothelial cell water and solute flux coincident with increased content and decreased phosphorylation of occludin [J]. J Neurochem, 2002, 80: 667-677.
[19]
Yao Q, Ma XD, Zhang Q, et al. The protective effect of Panax notoginseng total saponins on the retinal function in early diabetic rats [J]. Ningxia Med J (宁夏医学杂志), 2014, 36: 204-206.
[20]
Yang J, Ma YH, Cui SC, et al. Hypoglycemic effect of Panax notoginseng polysaccharides in diabetic model rats and its therapeutic effect on diabetic retinopathy and their mechanisms [J]. Jilin University Med J (吉林大学学报医学版), 2017, 43: 734-738, 860.
[21]
Han X, Zhang L, Kong L, et al. Comprehensive metabolic profiling of diabetic retinopathy [J]. Exp Eye Res, 2023, 233: 109538.
[22]
Han X, Lains I, Li J, et al. Integrating genetics and metabolomics from multi-ethnic and multi-fluid data reveals putative mechanisms for age-related macular degeneration [J]. Cell Rep Med, 2023, 4: 101085.
[23]
Lu J, Lam SM, Wan Q, et al. High-coverage targeted lipidomics reveals novel serum lipid predictors and lipid pathway dysregulation antecedent to type 2 diabetes onset in normoglycemic Chinese adults [J]. Diabetes Care, 2019, 42: 2117-2126.
[24]
Hu G, Gu L, Wang R, et al. Ethanolamine as a biomarker and biomarker-based therapy for diabetic retinopathy in glucose-well-controlled diabetic patients [J]. Sci Bull (Beijing), 2024, 69: 1920-1935.
[25]
Bakovic M, Fullerton MD, Michel V. Metabolic and molecular aspects of ethanolamine phospholipid biosynthesis: the role of CTP: phosphoethanolamine cytidylyltransferase (Pcyt2) [J]. Biochem Cell Biol, 2007, 85: 283-300.
[26]
Sumarriva K, Uppal K, Ma C, et al. Arginine and carnitine metabolites are altered in diabetic retinopathy [J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2019, 60: 3119-3126.
[27]
Overgaard AJ, Weir JM, De Souza DP, et al. Lipidomic and metabolomic characterization of a genetically modified mouse model of the early stages of human type 1 diabetes pathogenesis [J]. Metabolomics, 2016, 12: 13.
[28]
Arifin SA, Falasca M. Lysophosphatidylinositol signalling and metabolic diseases [J]. Metabolites, 2016, 6: 6.
[29]
Omi J, Kano K, Aoki J. Current knowledge on the biology of lysophosphatidylserine as an emerging bioactive lipid [J]. Cell Biochem Biophys, 2021, 79: 497-508.
[30]
Chen L, Zhang H, Zhang Y, et al. Ganglion cell-derived LysoPS induces retinal neovascularisation by activating the microglial GPR34-PI3K-AKT-NINJ1 axis [J]. J Neuroinflammation, 2024, 21: 278.
[31]
Sun W, Su M, Zhuang L, et al. Clinical serum lipidomic profiling revealed potential lipid biomarkers for early diabetic retinopathy [J]. Sci Rep, 2024, 14: 15148.
2025年第60卷第5期
PDF下载
208
85
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-1181
  • 接收时间:2024-11-29
  • 首发时间:2025-10-29
  • 出版时间:2025-05-12
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-29
  • 修回日期:2025-02-09
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(82074238)
国家自然科学基金项目(81873165)
作者信息
    1.北京中医药大学, 北京 102488
    2.首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院, 北京 100020
    3.中国中医科学院中医基础理论研究所, 北京 100700

通讯作者:

*郝改梅, E-mail:
韩静, E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-1181
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏