Article(id=1193523098197651776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1193523095437799732, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0789, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1723564800000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-14, revisedDate=1731513600000, revisedDateStr=2024-11-14, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1762487681197, onlineDateStr=2025-11-07, pubDate=1739289600000, pubDateStr=2025-02-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1762487681197, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-07, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1762487681197, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762487681197, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1193523095437799732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2025', volume='60', issue='2', pageStart='245', pageEnd='532', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1762487680538, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764224912893, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200809576107987438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1193523095437799732, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200809576107987439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1193523095437799732, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=514, endPage=525, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1193523098860351811, articleId=1193523098197651776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Cloning, subcellular localization and expression analysis of SmIAA7 gene from Salvia miltiorrhiza, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA) gene family is an important regulator for plant growth hormone signaling, involved in plant growth, development, as well as response to environmental stresses. In the present study, we identified SmIAA7 which is potentially associated with Salvia miltiorrhiza leaf development through comparatively analyzed the transcriptome data from different pinnate leaves. SmIAA7 was successfully isolated from S. miltiorrhiza using the specific primers. Then subsequent bioinformatic analysis, prokaryotic expression and purification, subcellular localization, and induction expression analysis under auxin and abiotic stress were performed. The full-length of SmIAA7 contained an ORF of 684 bp encoding a protein of 227 amino acid with a molecular weight of 25.3 kD. Conserved domain analysis showed that SmIAA7 contains the conserved Aux_IAA domain (pfam02309). Sequence analysis and phylogenetic tree analysis results indicated SmIAA7 was phylogenetically close to IAA7 and IAA14 from other plants, suggesting SmIAA7 involved in plant growth and development as well as response to environmental stresses. The prokaryotic expression vector pET28a-SmIAA7 was constructed and SmIAA7 recombinant protein was successfully expressed in E. coli Rosetta (DE3) strain. Subcellular localization experiment demonstrated that SmIAA7 localized in the nucleus of plant cells. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR results showed that the expression level of SmIAA7 was upregulated in response to auxin. Drought, low temperature, and salt stress significantly increased the transcript level of SmIAA7 gene. This study lays a foundation for further elucidating the role of SmIAA7 in leaf development, signal transduction, and stress defense in S. miltiorrhiza.

, correspAuthors=Jin-ling WANG, Xiu-hua HU, Xiao-hui WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yu-ying HUANG, Ying CHEN, Bao-wei WANG, Fan-yuan GUAN, Yu-yan ZHENG, Jing FAN, Jin-ling WANG, Xiu-hua HU, Xiao-hui WANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1193523648293204037, articleId=1193523098197651776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=丹参SmIAA7基因的克隆、亚细胞定位与表达分析, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA) 是植物中一个重要的基因家族, 在生长素信号传导中扮演着关键的角色, 参与了植物的生长、发育以及对逆境胁迫的响应和调节过程。本研究通过分析丹参(Salvia miltiorrhiza) 不同羽状复叶的转录组数据筛选了潜在的与叶片发育相关的基因SmIAA7, 设计特异引物成功从丹参中克隆了SmIAA7, 并进行生物信息学分析、原核表达和纯化、亚细胞定位、生长素及非生物胁迫下的诱导表达分析。SmIAA7基因全长684 bp, 编码227个氨基酸, 蛋白分子质量25.3 kD。保守结构域分析表明SmIAA7含有超家族保守结构域Aux_IAA (pfam02309), 序列分析及系统进化树结果表明SmIAA7和其他植物中的IAA7以及IAA14同源性较高, 可能参与植物的生长发育并响应逆境胁迫。构建原核表达载体pET28a-SmIAA7并在大肠杆菌Rosetta (DE3) 菌株中成功表达SmIAA7重组蛋白, 纯化得到可溶性重组蛋白。亚细胞定位实验结果表明SmIAA7定位于植物细胞的细胞核中。实时荧光定量PCR结果表明, SmIAA7基因能够响应生长素的诱导导致表达水平升高。干旱、低温以及盐胁迫均能够显著提高SmIAA7基因的表达水平。本研究为进一步揭示SmIAA7在丹参叶片发育、信号传递及逆境防御中的作用奠定基础。

, correspAuthors=王金铃, 胡秀华, 王晓晖, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*王金铃, E-mail:
胡秀华, E-mail:
王晓晖, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《药学学报》编辑部2025, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=dUEn3SgOWmSHpFkntEy2uA==, magXml=/jKacbVgxsjgVmDMlivppg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=MLJDKjNynzTPnr0cbhOm1Q==, pdfFileSize=7551753, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=UvxjrKSRjEPWiGoA7jVi+A==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=kt9sUdw7gHVnstDA55/K1A==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

#共同第一作者.

, authorsList=黄钰莹, 陈颖, 王宝纬, 关范圆, 郑语嫣, 范菁, 王金铃, 胡秀华, 王晓晖)}, authors=[Author(id=1194709406563668788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193523098197651776, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1194709406639166263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193523098197651776, authorId=1194709406563668788, language=EN, stringName=Yu-ying HUANG, firstName=Yu-ying, middleName=null, lastName=HUANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1. Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
2. College of Biomedicine and Health, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 233100, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1194709406697886520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193523098197651776, authorId=1194709406563668788, language=CN, stringName=黄钰莹, firstName=钰莹, middleName=null, lastName=黄, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, #, address=1.北京中医药大学, 北京中医药研究院中药现代研究中心, 北京 102488
2.安徽科技学院生物医学与健康学院, 安徽 滁州 233100, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1194709406152626983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193523098197651776, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1194709406161015592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193523098197651776, companyId=1194709406152626983, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 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School of Life and Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1194709406483977010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193523098197651776, companyId=1194709406471394096, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.北京中医药大学生命科学学院, 北京 102488)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1194709409071862635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193523098197651776, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=b8INBbWJOE6II8WimUNUHg==, figureFileBig=kAUHv/CeA/L92z7hTZwWDQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194709409138971500, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193523098197651776, language=CN, label=Figure 1, caption= Phenotypes and transcriptome sequencing of <i>S. miltiorrhiza</i> leaves with different pinnate structures. A: Phenotype of <i>S. miltiorrhiza</i> leaves with different pinnate structures; B: Venn diagram showing the differentially expressed genes among tripinnate fronds <i>vs</i> pentapinnate fronds, septipinnate fronds and nine-pinnately fronds according to transcriptome sequencing; C: Heatmap of candidate IAA family genes related to leaf development in <i>S. miltiorrhiza</i> leaves with different pinnate structures based on transcriptome data; D: qRT-PCR analysis of expression levels of <i>SmIAA7</i> in <i>S. miltiorrhiza</i> leaves with different pinnate structures; E: Conserved protein motifs of IAA family; F: Conserved domains of IAA family; G: Gene structure of IAA family. <i>n</i> = 3, $\bar{x} \pm s$. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> leaf 3 group; <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> different pinnate structures group, which evaluated by one way ANOVA in SPSS , figureFileSmall=b8INBbWJOE6II8WimUNUHg==, figureFileBig=kAUHv/CeA/L92z7hTZwWDQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194709409218663277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193523098197651776, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=+nwd6SB7QwJigzyKZQbpDw==, figureFileBig=ala8LQuaW/q+Px5CcHlLHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194709409285772142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193523098197651776, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= PCR amplification and sequence analysis of <i>SmIAA7</i>. A: PCR amplification of <i>SmIAA7</i>. M: DNA marker; 1: <i>SmIAA7</i>; B: Sequence analysis of <i>SmIAA7</i> , figureFileSmall=+nwd6SB7QwJigzyKZQbpDw==, figureFileBig=ala8LQuaW/q+Px5CcHlLHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194709409340298095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193523098197651776, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=64C0eEgZ/rW6edyGqsKO9g==, figureFileBig=WJ+cOHNw0HyrGkCxtmLMwQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194709409394824048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193523098197651776, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= Structure prediction analysis and prokaryotic expression of SmIAA7 protein. A: Conserved domain prediction of SmIAA7 protein; B: Hydrophilic/hydrophobic prediction of amino acid sequence of SmIAA7 protein; C: Transmembrane structure prediction of SmLAA7 protein; D: Secondary structure prediction of SmLAA7; E: Tertiary structure prediction of SmLAA7 protein; F: SDS-PAGE analysis of recombinant SmIAA7 protein. M: Marker; 1: The purified recombinant SmIAA7 protein , figureFileSmall=64C0eEgZ/rW6edyGqsKO9g==, figureFileBig=WJ+cOHNw0HyrGkCxtmLMwQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194709409449350001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193523098197651776, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=AHQbGf/w/ArrtaUBBmuh0A==, figureFileBig=xbwLFSPLb+BFV4O/2gScHA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194709409516458866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193523098197651776, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= Multiple acid sequence alignment of SmIAA7 protein with Aux/IAA proteins from other species. Conserved domains of IAA family proteins are shown with black line and red boxes represent nuclear localization sequences. Sm: <i>Salvia miltiorrhiza</i>; At: <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>; Bn: <i>Brassica napus</i>; Gm: <i>Glycine max</i> , figureFileSmall=AHQbGf/w/ArrtaUBBmuh0A==, figureFileBig=xbwLFSPLb+BFV4O/2gScHA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194709409566790515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193523098197651776, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=1tN0c77tkLS/HbGfVYSJpQ==, figureFileBig=pq4NAR1XCX4WLwvX3FPUvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194709409621316468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193523098197651776, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption= Phylogenetic analysis of SmIAA7 protein and Aux/IAA proteins from <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> and other species , figureFileSmall=1tN0c77tkLS/HbGfVYSJpQ==, figureFileBig=pq4NAR1XCX4WLwvX3FPUvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194709409675842421, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193523098197651776, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=+w9YBGQVv3MqETOFuQ2vVw==, figureFileBig=sihLttsDpg0HhOQKMBpeJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194709409742951286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193523098197651776, language=CN, label=Figure 6, caption= Subcellular localization of SmIAA7 protein in <i>Arabidopsis</i> protoplast , figureFileSmall=+w9YBGQVv3MqETOFuQ2vVw==, figureFileBig=sihLttsDpg0HhOQKMBpeJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194709409797477239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193523098197651776, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=C9TwQoHiZeq1inn5JD0Ufw==, figureFileBig=he8XsFqdgaA78zbJH7+66w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194709409864586104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193523098197651776, language=CN, label=Figure 7, caption= Relative expression level of <i>SmIAA7</i> gene at different time points under auxin treatment and different abiotic stresses in <i>S. miltiorrhiza</i> callus. A: Relative expression level of <i>SmIAA7</i> gene at different time points of auxin treatment; B-D: Relative expression level of <i>SmIAA7</i> gene under different abiotic stresses (B: Drought stress; C: Cold stress; D: Salt stress). <i>n</i> = 3, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula"><tex-math id="M2">$ \overline{x} $</tex-math></span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> CK group, which evaluated by one way ANOVA in SPSS , figureFileSmall=C9TwQoHiZeq1inn5JD0Ufw==, figureFileBig=he8XsFqdgaA78zbJH7+66w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194709409919112057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193523098197651776, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SampleTotal raw reads/×106Total clean reads/×106Total clean bases/GbClean reads Q20/%Clean reads Q30/%Clean reads ratio/%
Leaf 343.6942.856.4394.5788.3498.07
Leaf 543.6942.736.4194.6688.5397.79
Leaf 743.6942.826.4294.6988.5898.00
Leaf 943.6942.666.4094.8388.7197.63
), ArticleFig(id=1194709409982026618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193523098197651776, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

Quality statistics of filtered reads

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SampleTotal raw reads/×106Total clean reads/×106Total clean bases/GbClean reads Q20/%Clean reads Q30/%Clean reads ratio/%
Leaf 343.6942.856.4394.5788.3498.07
Leaf 543.6942.736.4194.6688.5397.79
Leaf 743.6942.826.4294.6988.5898.00
Leaf 943.6942.666.4094.8388.7197.63
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丹参SmIAA7基因的克隆、亚细胞定位与表达分析
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黄钰莹 1, 2, # , 陈颖 3, # , 王宝纬 3 , 关范圆 1 , 郑语嫣 1 , 范菁 1 , 王金铃 1, * , 胡秀华 4, * , 王晓晖 1, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2025,60(2): 514-525
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2025, 60(2): 514-525
丹参SmIAA7基因的克隆、亚细胞定位与表达分析
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黄钰莹1, 2, #, 陈颖3, #, 王宝纬3, 关范圆1, 郑语嫣1, 范菁1, 王金铃1, * , 胡秀华4, * , 王晓晖1, *
作者信息
  • 1.北京中医药大学, 北京中医药研究院中药现代研究中心, 北京 102488
  • 2.安徽科技学院生物医学与健康学院, 安徽 滁州 233100
  • 3.北京中医药大学中药学院, 北京 102488
  • 4.北京中医药大学生命科学学院, 北京 102488

通讯作者:

*王金铃, E-mail:
胡秀华, E-mail:
王晓晖, E-mail:
Cloning, subcellular localization and expression analysis of SmIAA7 gene from Salvia miltiorrhiza
Yu-ying HUANG1, 2, Ying CHEN3, Bao-wei WANG3, Fan-yuan GUAN1, Yu-yan ZHENG1, Jing FAN1, Jin-ling WANG1, * , Xiu-hua HU4, * , Xiao-hui WANG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
  • 2. College of Biomedicine and Health, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 233100, China
  • 3. School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
  • 4. School of Life and Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
出版时间: 2025-02-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0789
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Auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA) 是植物中一个重要的基因家族, 在生长素信号传导中扮演着关键的角色, 参与了植物的生长、发育以及对逆境胁迫的响应和调节过程。本研究通过分析丹参(Salvia miltiorrhiza) 不同羽状复叶的转录组数据筛选了潜在的与叶片发育相关的基因SmIAA7, 设计特异引物成功从丹参中克隆了SmIAA7, 并进行生物信息学分析、原核表达和纯化、亚细胞定位、生长素及非生物胁迫下的诱导表达分析。SmIAA7基因全长684 bp, 编码227个氨基酸, 蛋白分子质量25.3 kD。保守结构域分析表明SmIAA7含有超家族保守结构域Aux_IAA (pfam02309), 序列分析及系统进化树结果表明SmIAA7和其他植物中的IAA7以及IAA14同源性较高, 可能参与植物的生长发育并响应逆境胁迫。构建原核表达载体pET28a-SmIAA7并在大肠杆菌Rosetta (DE3) 菌株中成功表达SmIAA7重组蛋白, 纯化得到可溶性重组蛋白。亚细胞定位实验结果表明SmIAA7定位于植物细胞的细胞核中。实时荧光定量PCR结果表明, SmIAA7基因能够响应生长素的诱导导致表达水平升高。干旱、低温以及盐胁迫均能够显著提高SmIAA7基因的表达水平。本研究为进一步揭示SmIAA7在丹参叶片发育、信号传递及逆境防御中的作用奠定基础。

丹参  /  SmIAA7  /  原核表达  /  亚细胞定位  /  表达分析

The auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA) gene family is an important regulator for plant growth hormone signaling, involved in plant growth, development, as well as response to environmental stresses. In the present study, we identified SmIAA7 which is potentially associated with Salvia miltiorrhiza leaf development through comparatively analyzed the transcriptome data from different pinnate leaves. SmIAA7 was successfully isolated from S. miltiorrhiza using the specific primers. Then subsequent bioinformatic analysis, prokaryotic expression and purification, subcellular localization, and induction expression analysis under auxin and abiotic stress were performed. The full-length of SmIAA7 contained an ORF of 684 bp encoding a protein of 227 amino acid with a molecular weight of 25.3 kD. Conserved domain analysis showed that SmIAA7 contains the conserved Aux_IAA domain (pfam02309). Sequence analysis and phylogenetic tree analysis results indicated SmIAA7 was phylogenetically close to IAA7 and IAA14 from other plants, suggesting SmIAA7 involved in plant growth and development as well as response to environmental stresses. The prokaryotic expression vector pET28a-SmIAA7 was constructed and SmIAA7 recombinant protein was successfully expressed in E. coli Rosetta (DE3) strain. Subcellular localization experiment demonstrated that SmIAA7 localized in the nucleus of plant cells. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR results showed that the expression level of SmIAA7 was upregulated in response to auxin. Drought, low temperature, and salt stress significantly increased the transcript level of SmIAA7 gene. This study lays a foundation for further elucidating the role of SmIAA7 in leaf development, signal transduction, and stress defense in S. miltiorrhiza.

Salvia miltiorrhiza  /  SmIAA7  /  prokaryotic expression  /  subcellular localization  /  expression analysis
黄钰莹, 陈颖, 王宝纬, 关范圆, 郑语嫣, 范菁, 王金铃, 胡秀华, 王晓晖. 丹参SmIAA7基因的克隆、亚细胞定位与表达分析. 药学学报, 2025 , 60 (2) : 514 -525 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0789
Yu-ying HUANG, Ying CHEN, Bao-wei WANG, Fan-yuan GUAN, Yu-yan ZHENG, Jing FAN, Jin-ling WANG, Xiu-hua HU, Xiao-hui WANG. Cloning, subcellular localization and expression analysis of SmIAA7 gene from Salvia miltiorrhiza[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2025 , 60 (2) : 514 -525 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0789
植物生长素(indole-3-acetic acid, IAA) 是最早被发现的一类植物激素, 作为信号分子, IAA在植物的生长发育中扮演关键调节作用, 包括植物器官形成、叶序排列和维管束发育等。此外, IAA还可以增强植物对于干旱、盐胁迫和低温的抗性[1]。植物能够迅速感知和响应IAA水平的变化, 这种响应牵涉到几类重要的生长素响应基因家族, 包括生长素/吲哚-3-乙酸(Aux/IAA) 家族、生长素响应因子(auxin response factor, ARF) 家族、小生长素上调RNA (small auxin upregulated RNA, SAUR) 和生长素响应性(Gretchen Hagen 3, GH3) 家族[2, 3]。在这些基因家族中, Aux/IAA家族是生长素早期应答的关键基因之一, 被认为是最具活力和重要性的基因调节系统。其编码的蛋白通过与生长素应答因子ARF结合, 参与调控生长素基因表达应答, 从而抑制下游基因的表达。在整个植物生长素信号转导过程中, Aux/IAA家族发挥着重要作用, 参与调节植物的多种生理过程[4]
最近的研究表明, Aux/IAA家族成员在植物的生长发育中, 尤其是叶形态建成等过程中扮演重要的调控角色, 同时在植物抵御非生物胁迫(如干旱、盐和低温) 过程中也发挥关键作用[5]; 如杨树中PtrIAA14.1[6]的突变会产生叶片卷曲、分枝增多等症状; 在水稻中, OsIAA1OsIAA3OsIAA4OsIAA12OsIAA17的过表达会导致水稻叶夹角增大[7-9]; SlIAA9参与番茄果实发育和叶形态发生, 在其下调表达情况下, 番茄的复叶会向单叶转化, SlIAA9基因沉默的转基因植株出现萼片不对称的症状特征, 同时还会影响叶片、花朵和果实的形成, 因此SlIAA9在番茄座果和叶形态发生过程中扮演着重要的作用[10]。OsIAA6能够调控分蘖过程, 同时OsIAA6也能强烈响应干旱胁迫, 在干旱条件下表达量被高度诱导, 且OsIAA6过表达株系表现出明显增强的抗旱能力[11], 水稻OsIAA20突变株系在干旱和盐胁迫下显示脯氨酸和叶绿素含量明显降低, 同时丙二醛含量和Na+/K+比值显著增加; 在OsIAA20突变株系中, 脱落酸(abscisic acid, ABA) 响应基因OsRab21呈下调状态, 而在OsIAA20过表达株系中呈上调状态, 说明OsIAA20参与ABA信号转导途径, 从而在水稻响应干旱和盐胁迫过程中发挥重要作用[12]。拟南芥Aux/IAA蛋白家族成员IAA5、IAA6和IAA19能够调控脂肪族硫代葡萄糖苷(glucosinolates, GLS) 水平, 在干旱条件下, 这些蛋白以转录级联的方式维持GLS水平, 而缺失AtIAA5/6/19则导致GLS水平下降和耐旱性降低, 表明Aux/IAA蛋白通过调节硫代葡萄糖苷水平来调控拟南芥的干旱适应性[13]。但目前关于Aux/IAA基因的功能研究主要集中在模式植物和农作物中, 有关药用植物的Aux/IAA基因的功能研究很少, 且尚未见有关丹参的Aux/IAA基因的相关报道。
丹参来源于唇形科鼠尾草属多年生草本植物丹参(Salvia miltiorrhiza) 的干燥根及根茎, 是一味应用广泛且功效明确的中药材, 发挥着活血祛瘀、通经止痛、清心除烦、凉血消痈等多种功效[14]。近年来, 研究发现丹参叶片也具有很好的药理作用, 包括抗氧化[15]、防治心脑血管疾病等[16, 17], 已开发成保健品加以应用, 如将丹参叶或配伍其他中药加工制成各种保健茶, 发挥抗衰老、促进睡眠、调节血脂、排毒、祛斑等作用[18]。近年来, 全球气候、土壤和水分环境的变化, 盐害、干旱及高低温等问题日趋严重, 严重影响了丹参的品质和产量[19]。因此研究参与丹参叶片发育及抗逆过程的基因, 不仅有利于促进丹参药用价值的发挥, 也有利于丹参优良品种的选育。Aux/IAA蛋白在植物发育包括叶片发育[20]以及响应逆境胁迫[21, 22]中起到重要作用, 基于此本研究利用丹参羽状三出复叶、羽状五出复叶、羽状七出复叶和羽状九出复叶的转录组数据筛选出了可能参与丹参叶片发育的差异表达基因SmIAA7并进行qRT-PCR验证, 成功扩增和克隆后并对其进行生物信息学分析, 原核表达、亚细胞定位、外源激素和不同非生物胁迫诱导下的表达模式分析, 为丹参叶片发育与防御反应机制研究奠定基础, 同时为筛选丹参优良品种, 促进丹参优质稳产提供理论参考。
材料  丹参种植于北京市房山区国家现代农业产业园信息中心, 经北京中医药大学中药学院魏胜利教授鉴定为唇形科植物丹参(Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge)。Trans1-T1感受态细胞、Rosetta (DE3)、DH5ɑ感受态购买自北京全式金科技有限公司, pET28a、pCAMBIA1300-35S-GFP载体购自武汉生物转导实验室有限公司。pMD19-T、BamH I、Xho I、Kpn I购买自北京全式金生物科技股份公司, 2×Phanta Flash Master Mix、胶回收试剂盒购买自南京诺唯赞生物科技股份有限公司, 琼脂糖、核酸marker及染料购买自北京拜尔迪生物科技有限公司, 扩增引物由北京六合华大基因科技有限公司制备合成。
仪器  超微量分光光度计(NanoDrop one, 美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司), 凝胶成像仪(WD-9413B, 北京六一生物科技有限公司), 电热恒温水浴锅(HH-S4A, 北京科伟永兴仪器有限公司), 摇床(ZHWY-1102C, 上海智诚), 电泳仪(JY300E, 北京君意东方电泳设备有限公司), 涡旋器(GL-88B, 海门市其林贝尔仪器制造有限公司), 电子天平(PL602E, 瑞士METTLER TOLEDO公司), 恒温震荡培养箱(HZQ-211C, 上海一恒科学仪器有限公司), 冷冻高速离心机(TGL-16, 湘仪离心机仪器有限公司), 激光共聚焦显微镜(LSM980, 德国Zeiss公司), PCR仪(T100) 和实时荧光定量PCR仪(CFX96, 美国Bio-Rad公司)。
丹参不同发育期叶片RNA的提取和cDNA的合成  参考美国Omega公司的Plant RNA Kit产品说明书进行RNA的提取, 利用超微量分光光度计NanoDrop one测定RNA的浓度和纯度, 并使用1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测RNA完整性及质量, 反转录方法参照GoScript Reverse Transcription System反转录试剂盒进行。
测序及原始数据的处理  基于高通量Illumina测序技术, 通过Hiseq 2500平台对已构建好的cDNA文库进行测序, 并获得下机数据即原始读段(raw reads)。利用SOAPnuke过滤软件进行原始数据过滤, 利用Trinity软件对过滤获得的clean data进行组装, 获得丹参不同发育阶段叶片转录组Unigene数据库。
基因功能注释及叶片发育相关差异表达基因的筛选  使用BLAST软件将组装得到的Unigene与NR、GO、COG、KOG、KEGG、Swiss-Prot、Pfam等数据库比对(BLAST参数E-value ≤ 1.0×10-5和HMMER参数E-value ≤ 1.0×10-10), 获得Unigene注释信息。使用PossionDis方法对丹参叶片4个发育时期的差异表达基因进行分析。对差异检验的P-value作多重假设检验校正, 并最终采用校正后的P值, 错误发现率(false discovery rate, FDR) ≤ 0.001为差异表达基因筛选的重要指标, 以降低对大量基因的表达值进行独立的统计假设检验带来的假阳性。在筛选过程中, 将FDR < 0.001且差异倍数(fold change, FC) ≥ 2作为筛选标准。
qRT-PCR验证  为了验证转录组数据的可靠性, 选取丹参SmActin7为内参(GenBank登录号: HM051058.1), 选取发育相关的差异表达基因SmIAA7进行qRT-PCR验证, 以qSmIAA7-F和qSmIAA7-R为特异引物(qSmIAA7-F: GGGACGGAAGGAATGATAG; qSmIAA7-R: GCTAATCCAATCGCCTCAG), 利用反转录试剂盒将RNA反转录得到cDNA, 使用PerfectStart Green qPCR SuperMix试剂盒, 在荧光定量PCR仪上进行定量检测, 样品设置3个生物学重复, 采用2-ΔΔCt相对定量法进行数据分析。
丹参SmIAA7基因的扩增和克隆  根据丹参SmIAA7的转录组序列, 使用Primer Premier 5.0软件设计基因的特异性扩增引物SmIAA14-F1 (ATGGAA GTCGGCCTGAATCTGAAG)、SmIAA14-R1 (TTAGC ATCTGCTCTTGCATTTCTC)。以丹参叶片RNA反转录后的cDNA为模板, 按以下反应体系进行扩增: 1.6 µL cDNA、25 µL 2×Phanta Flash Master Mix、2 µL 10 µmol·L-1 SmIAA14-F, 2 µL 10 µmol·L-1 SmIAA14-R, 然后加ddH2O补足至终体积为50 µL。加完体系后震荡混匀, 短暂离心后进行PCR反应, 程序如下: 98 ℃预变性30 s; 98 ℃变性10 s, 64 ℃退火5 s, 72 ℃延伸10 s, 28个循环; 72 ℃终延伸1 min, 4 ℃保存。PCR产物经1%的琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测, 凝胶成像分析系统观察目的条带, 切胶回收按照产物纯化试剂盒(Vazyme, 中国) 进行。将回收后的PCR产物与pMD19-T连接, 连接产物转化到Trans1-T1感受态细胞中, 在氨苄抗性的LB平板上进行筛选, 并经过菌落PCR检测后送北京六合华大有限公司测序。
丹参SmIAA7的生物信息学分析  通过Protparam在线工具(https://web.expasy.org/protparam/) 预测SmIAA7的蛋白理化性质, 分析目的基因编码蛋白质的氨基酸组成、分子质量、理论等电点及稳定性等参数; 利用NCBI中CDD数据库进行结构域预测, 利用在线软件ProtsScale分析SmIAA7蛋白的亲疏水性(https://web.expasy.org/protscale/); 利用在线工具TMHMM (https://services.healthtech.dtu.dk/service.php?TMHMM) 分析SmIAA7蛋白的跨膜结构域; 利用在线工具SOMPA (https://npsa-prabi.ibcp.fr/cgi-bin/npsa_automat.pl?page=npsa%20_sopma.html) 预测SmIAA7蛋白的二级结构; 利用SWISS-MODEL在线工具(https://swissmodel.expasy.org/) 预测SmIAA7蛋白的三级结构。利用DNAMAN对SmIAA7和报道过参与植物叶片发育以及响应逆境胁迫的Aux/IAA蛋白进行氨基酸序列的同源性分析, 包括拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana) 的AtIAA7、AtIAA14、油菜(Brassica napus) 的BnIAA7以及大豆(Glycine max) 的GmIAA14; 然后利用TAIR下载拟南芥所有的Aux/IAA蛋白氨基酸序列, 和SmIAA7一起通过MEGA 7.0软件构建Neighbor-joining系统进化树分析亲缘关系, 进化距离的计算, 采用泊松校正法, Bootstrap重复次数为1 000次。
丹参SmIAA7的亚细胞定位  为探究SmIAA7的亚细胞定位情况, 利用引物SmIAA7-F2 (CGGGGTACCATGGAAGTCGGCCTGAATCTGAAG), SmIAA7-R2 (CGCGGATCCGCATCTGCTCTTGCATTTCTC) 扩增SmIAA7基因全长, 利用Kpn I和BamH I酶切包含有目的基因SmIAA7的PCR产物及双元载体pCAMBIA1300-35S-GFP, 回收酶切产物, 将酶切完成后的PCR产物与载体用T4 DNA连接酶进行连接, 连接后将连接产物转入大肠杆菌DH5ɑ感受态细胞。转化后挑取单克隆菌斑进行菌落PCR、挑取阳性菌落进行测序, 对测序鉴定正确的菌斑进行摇菌, 扩大培养后提取质粒pCAMBIA1300-35S-GFP-SmIAA7, 将重组质粒与细胞核marker (Osghd7[23]) 共转化拟南芥原生质体, 弱光下培养8~10 h, 利用激光共聚焦显微镜检测拟南芥原生质体中融合蛋白的分布。
丹参SmIAA7原核表达载体构建和异源表达  利用引物SmIAA7-F3 (CGCGGATCCATGGAAGTCGGCCTGAATCTGAAG), SmIAA7-R3 (CCGCTCGAGGCATCTGCTCTTGCATTTCTC) 扩增SmIAA7基因的全长, 然后利用BamH I和Xho I酶切包含有目的基因的PCR产物及表达载体pET28a质粒, 酶切产物经回收纯化后, 利用T4连接酶进行连接, 连接产物转化大肠杆菌Trans1-T1感受态细胞, 经菌落PCR后、挑取阳性克隆进行测序, 测序正确后提取质粒pET28a-SmIAA7, 将质粒转化表达菌株Rosetta (DE3) 感受态细胞。挑取单菌落接种于含有卡那霉素的LB液体培养基中, 37 ℃、180 r·min-1活化过夜, 然后扩大培养至OD600为0.6~0.8, 温度调整为16 ℃, 加入0.8 mmol·L-1 IPTG后振荡培养20~24 h。之后4 ℃、12 000 r·min-1离心收集菌体, 悬浮菌体于40 mmol·L-1 KPB缓冲液(pH 7.9, 含有100 mmol·L-1 NaCl和5 mmol·L-1咪唑) 中。将含有菌体悬浮液的离心管放置于冰上, 利用超声破碎仪破碎细胞, 之后4 ℃、12 000 r·min-1离心30 min。取上清转移到新的50 mL离心管中; 将上清液滤过0.45 µm微孔滤膜, 利用镍离子亲和色谱纯化蛋白; 纯化后的蛋白用10 kDa超滤管浓缩; 浓缩后的蛋白用SDS-PAGE胶进行检测分析。
SmIAA7基因在不同胁迫时间的表达分析  取新鲜采摘的丹参叶片, 经清洁后置于含激素的培养基上诱导愈伤组织, 选择生长良好且大小均一的丹参愈伤组织进行生长素诱导(IAA, 150 µmol·L-1) 和非生物胁迫诱导处理, 非生物胁迫包括低温胁迫(4 ℃)、盐胁迫(150 mmol·L-1 NaCl) 和干旱胁迫(400 mmol·L-1甘露醇), 在经过0、12、24、36、48 h处理后分别提取RNA, 反转成cDNA后作为检测样品, 不同处理条件样品有3个生物学重复, 利用实时荧光定量PCR的方法检测丹参SmIAA7基因不同时间激素处理和胁迫处理的表达情况。选取丹参SmActin7为内参, 反应体系中如下: 10 µL STBR Premix Ex Taq酶、0.4 µL 10 µmol·L-1 qSmIAA14-F, 0.4 µL 10 µmol·L-1 qSmIAA14-R、1 µL cDNA模板, 加ddH2O水至总体系为20 µL。反应程序: 95 ℃预变性3 min, 95 ℃变性30 s, 60 ℃退火/延伸30 s (每次循环后采集荧光), 40个循环后, 95 ℃变性10 s, 65~95 ℃分析熔解曲线, 每个温度以每步0.5 ℃上升, 每个温度停留5 s。根据熔解曲线判断RT-PCR产物的特异性, 相对定量分析采用2-ΔΔCt方法进行分析。
数据分析和处理  利用GraphPad Prism 8对本研究的数据进行分析及图表绘制, 统计学分析使用IBM SPSS Statistics 27软件, 结果均为三次重复的均值±标准偏差。采用单因素方差分析(ANOVA) 方法, P < 0.05为显著性差异, P < 0.01为极显著性差异。
首先选择羽状三出复叶、羽状五出复叶、羽状七出复叶和羽状九出复叶丹参进行转录组测序分析(图 1A), 总共获得25.66 Gb数据, 174.76 M raw reads, 过滤产生171.06 M clean reads。Q20碱基百分比在94.57以上, Q30碱基百分比在88.34以上(表 1), 表明测序得到的转录组数据丰富, 质量较高。
差异基因统计结果表明, 羽状三出复叶与羽状五出复叶、羽状七出复叶和羽状九出复叶丹参之间分别有13 086、13 454和15 437个差异表达基因, 此外, 与三出复叶相比, 五出、七出和九出复叶丹参叶片中共有5 386个差异表达基因(DEGs) (图 1B)。从5 386个差异基因中筛选到了10个具有完整开放阅读框, 且注释为IAA家族基因的候选基因, 然后根据注释情况及与拟南芥的同源性分析进行命名, 在这10个IAA家族基因中只有SmIAA7表达量的趋势随着叶片数目增多而增加, 且增幅明显(图 1C), 为了验证转录组测序数据的可靠性, 进一步利用qRT-PCR验证SmIAA7在不同发育期叶片中的表达模式, 结果显示SmIAA7的相对表达量在不同复叶数目的丹参叶片中差异表达, 且复叶数目越多, 表达量越高(图 1D), 与转录组数据的表达趋势一致。因此选择SmIAA7作为候选基因进行后续分析。
进一步根据丹参基因组数据对IAA基因家族进行分析, 结果表明丹参基因组中共鉴定到包括SmIAA7在内的31个IAA成员, 利用MEME在线工具对丹参IAA成员的蛋白序列进行了保守基序分析, 预测出10个motif (图 1E)。SmIAA7和另外15个IAA成员都含有3个保守基序, 分别是motif10、motif3和motif2。其中motif3和motif2几乎存在于所有的IAA成员中。随后在NCBI-CDD Search网站提取相关保守结构域信息, 并制作保守结构域图(图 1F)。结果显示, 丹参中每个IAA成员蛋白序列均含有相同的保守结构域Aux_IAA superfamily, 该结构域正好包含motif3和motif2基序。通过GSDS在线绘制IAA基因的外显子-内含子结构(图 1G)。IAA基因的外显子数量在2到20之间, 其中, SmIAA7基因序列含有5个外显子, 此外, 保守基序和结构域相似的IAA基因的基因结构也比较相近, 这些结果表明丹参IAA家族成员相对保守。
根据SmIAA7的转录组序列和基因组序列设计特异性引物, 以丹参叶片的cDNA为模板进行PCR扩增, 如图 2A所示, PCR扩增的序列在500~750 bp之间, 切胶回收连接pMD19-T载体, 测序分析后发现其与转录组数据筛选的序列一致, 在NCBI上进行blast比对, 发现其与其他植物的IAA7蛋白高度同源, 因此命名为SmIAA7, SmIAA7序列全长为684 bp, 编码227个氨基酸(图 2B)。
通过Protparam在线工具预测SmIAA7基因所编码蛋白的理化性质。推测SmIAA7编码的蛋白分子式为C1105H1775N299O339S20, 总原子数为3 538, 相对分子质量为25 314.25, 理论等电点为7.54, 不稳定系数为48.05, 属于不稳定蛋白, 总的亲水性平均系数为-0.488, 为亲水性蛋白。将SmIAA7氨基酸序列输入NCBI中CDD数据库进行结构域预测, 结果显示SmIAA7含有超家族保守结构域Aux_IAA (pfam02309) (图 3A); 亲疏水性预测分析表明疏水性最强的是第108位甘氨酸残基, 指数为1.478; 亲水性最强的是第98位谷氨酸残基, 指数为-2.989 (图 3B); 跨膜结构域分析发现SmIAA7蛋白不存在跨膜结构域(图 3C), 序列均在膜内; 对SmIAA14基因编码蛋白的二级结构进行分析, 结果显示SmIAA14蛋白的二级结构是由49.78%的随机卷曲(random coil)、30.84%的α-螺旋(α-helices)、15.86%的延伸链(extended strand) 和3.52%的β-折叠(β-turn) 组成, 推测随机卷曲是最多的二级结构元件, 而α-螺旋、延伸链和β-折叠散布于整个蛋白中(图 3D); 本研究以拟南芥生长素响应蛋白IAA17 (auxin-responsive protein IAA17; SMTL ID: 2muk.1) 为模板对SmIAA7蛋白的三级结构进行预测, 结果该蛋白与模板的同源性为80.56% (图 3E), 说明具有参考价值。
进一步对SmIAA7进行原核表达, 将构建好的原核表达载体pET28a-SmIAA7质粒转化至大肠杆菌Rosetta (DE3) 中, 加入0.8 mmol·L-1的IPTG进行蛋白的原核表达诱导(16 oC诱导24 h)。由于重组SmIAA7蛋白的氨基酸序列N端带有一个6个His (组氨酸) 的标签, 通过镍离子亲和色谱纯化SmIAA7蛋白, 利用12.5% SDS-PAGE检测, 发现在25~34 kDa之间出现一条SmIAA7蛋白纯化条带(图 3F)。
应用DNAman软件将SmIAA7与拟南芥、油菜和大豆中已报道过的具有调控植物生长发育及响应逆境胁迫的Aux/IAA蛋白进行氨基酸序列的同源性分析, 结果表明SmIAA7与AtIAA7[24]、AtIAA14[25]、BnIAA7[26]和GmIAA14[27]的同源性较高, 分别为70.33%、65.29%、64.22和69.39% (图 4), 均含有4个高度保守的结构(domain Ⅰ~Ⅳ), domian Ⅰ存在着与乙烯响应因子相关的转录抑制子结构域, 转录阻遏因子(TPL) 通过该结构域从而抑制生长素信号下游基因的表达; domian Ⅱ可以直接结合SCFTIR1控制Aux/IAA蛋白降解; domian Ⅲ、Ⅳ负责与其他Aux/IAA蛋白的二聚化和多聚化, 进而调控生长素信号, 此外, 发现均具有核定位信号(nuclear localization sequence, NLS), 暗示SmIAA7可能在细胞核中发挥功能, 参与丹参的叶片发育并响应生长素信号以及逆境胁迫。
除此之外, 为进一步了解SmIAA7在植物Aux/IAA蛋白家族中的进化位置, 从拟南芥数据库(https://www.arabidopsis.org/) 下载拟南芥中所有的Aux/IAA氨基酸序列, 以及AtIAA7、AtIAA14、BnIAA7和GmIAA14序列, 利用MEGA7.0软件将其与SmIAA7序列构建系统进化树(图 5), 结果发现SmIAA7与AtIAA7、AtIAA14、BnIAA7和GmIAA14聚为一支, 亲缘性较高, 其中, 与GmIAA14亲缘关系最近, GmIAA14被报道和植物发育相关以及响应不同激素处理[27], 因此推断SmIAA7具有类似的功能。
进一步对SmIAA7进行亚细胞定位的考察。将其与细胞核marker Osghd7共同侵染拟南芥的原生质体, 然后观察融合蛋白的定位情况。结果显示pCAMBIA1300-35s-GFP-SmIAA7融合蛋白主要分布于细胞核中, 能够与Osghd7共定位于细胞核, 而含有gfp基因的pCAMBIA1300-35S-GFP载体注射后荧光分布在细胞核、细胞质和细胞上(图 6), 这些结果表明SmIAA7主要定位于植物细胞的细胞核中。
为验证丹参SmIAA7在生长素信号转导中的作用, 选取长势相同的丹参愈伤组织进行生长素诱导和非生物胁迫处理。以无处理的丹参愈伤组织样品为CK对照组, 不同处理时间点取样, 提取丹参愈伤组织的RNA, 之后进行qRT-PCR检测, 分析SmIAA7的表达水平, 结果表明生长素能够诱导SmIAA7的表达, 在诱导后的24 h时表达量提高为对照组的1.41倍, 之后开始下降, 36 h时降至1.14倍, 48 h时表达水平降至正常水平(图 7A), 表明SmIAA7能够响应生长素诱导, 参与生长素信号转导。
为验证丹参SmIAA7在植物防御反应中的作用, 对丹参愈伤组织分别进行干旱、低温以及盐胁迫处理, 利用qRT-PCR技术分析SmIAA7的表达量变化。结果表明, SmIAA7的表达量在干旱胁迫后先显著升高, 在24 h达到最高值, 为CK对照组的3.86倍, 随后开始下降; 冷胁迫也显著诱导SmIAA7的表达, 24 h时表达量达到最高, 为CK组的5.59倍, 然后开始下降; 此外, 高盐胁迫能够显著提高SmIAA7的表达水平, 并在36 h达到最高, 提高了4.17倍, 之后慢慢下降至正常水平(图 7B~D), 这些结果说明SmIAA7能够快速响应逆境胁迫, 可能参与丹参抗逆。
Aux/IAA在许多植物中以家族形式存在, 作为生长素早期应答的关键基因之一, 在植物生长素的响应途径中发挥着关键作用[28]。最早从大豆受生长素诱导的基因中分离得到Aux/IAA基因[29], 随之更多物种中的Aux/IAA基因的得到鉴定和研究, 不同物种中该基因家族成员数量也不同, 像大豆中有63个成员[30], 玉米[31]中包含40个成员、小麦[32]和番茄[33]分别含有84个和26个成员。这些Aux/IAA蛋白质的特征是存在4个高度保守的结构域, 这是这些蛋白质的功能特性的基础。但是关于丹参中IAA基因家族的功能研究比较少, 本研究根据丹参转录组测序结果, 从丹参中克隆得到了一个SmIAA7基因, 序列分析表明SmIAA7氨基酸序列含有4个高度保守的结构, 与拟南芥中的AtIAA7和AtIAA14、油菜中的BnIAA7和大豆中的GmIAA14的同源性较高, 说明植物Aux/IAA蛋白具有一定的保守性, 并且可能和这些报道过的IAA基因具有相似的功能。本研究首次在大肠杆菌中异源表达了丹参SmIAA7蛋白, 验证了SmIAA7蛋白是一种可溶性蛋白, 为后续研究其功能奠定基础。
研究表明Aux/IAA成员多定位于细胞核、细胞质和叶绿体, 定位情况与保守结构域有一定相关性[34]。序列分析表明SmIAA7蛋白保守结构域Ⅳ中含有一个核定位信号, 亚细胞定位结果明确了SmIAA7定位在细胞核, 再次验证了保守结构域可能会影响蛋白的定位情况。
结构相对保守的Aux/IAA基因家族成员在植物生长发育过程中发挥着广泛的作用, 包括调控叶片形态, 例如, 番茄中的SlIAA9参与叶形态发生, 其下调表达会使番茄复叶向单叶转化[10], 水稻中的OsIAA31也能参与叶片形态的调控, 其过表达株系会导致叶片变短[35]。但是关于丹参中参与叶片发育调控的Aux/IAA基因的研究尚未见报道, 本研究收集不同羽状复叶的丹参羽状三出复叶、羽状五出复叶、羽状七出复叶和羽状九出复叶进行转录组测序, 测序结果表明IAA家族基因可能在复叶生长过程中起到重要的作用, 其中SmIAA7的表达量随着复叶的增加而增加, 同时实时荧光定量PCR结果与转录组测序结果一致, 这些结果表明SmIAA7在羽状复叶叶片数目的形成过程中起到重要作用。
生长素在植物早期的调控作用与Aux/IAA基因的表达密切相关, 研究表明多种植物IAA基因的启动子区存在与生长素信号转导相关的顺式元件(AuxRR-core、TGA-element和TGA-box), 数量和位置的多样性可能导致了其在外源IAA处理下表现出不同的表达模式, 例如, 在100 μmol·L-1外源IAA处理下, 龙眼中的IAA家族基因表现出不同的表达模式, DlIAA4呈现上调趋势, DlIAA7DlIAA15呈现显著下调的趋势[36]; 同样来自拟南芥和番茄的Aux/IAA基因家族成员也表现出对外源IAA应用有反应[37]。本研究发现SmIAA7的表达量在150 µmol·L-1 IAA处理下显著上调, 在24 h时升至最高, 随后下降至正常水平, 表明SmIAA7可能参与了生长素调控。
在生物和非生物胁迫情况下, Aux/IAA对提高植物的抗逆性有很大作用。例如, 高粱在盐胁迫和干旱条件下, SbIAA1[38]受到诱导, 其表达量在叶和根部组织中不同, 分析该基因可能对高粱抗盐抗干旱有重要作用; 水稻中一些Aux/IAA受干旱、盐和低温等非生物胁迫调控, 高盐和低温条件下, OsIAA9OsIAA20明显上调[39]; 在干旱和盐胁迫下, 水稻OsIAA20突变株系中脯氨酸和叶绿素含量显著降, 此外, ABA响应基因OsRab21OsIAA20突变株系中下调, 在OsIAA20过表达株系中上调, 说明OsIAA20通过ABA信号转导途径在植物干旱和盐胁迫响应中发挥重要作用[12]。本研究发现干旱、低温胁迫能够显著提高SmIAA7基因的表达水平, 在24 h达到最高水平, 盐胁迫也能诱导SmIAA7的表达, 在36 h上升最明显, 说明SmIAA7基因在丹参抵御逆境胁迫过程中起到重要作用。本研究通过对SmIAA7基因在不同叶片发育期、生长素和不同胁迫诱导下的表达分析, 发现SmIAA7的表达量随着叶片数目的增加而逐渐增加, 并且外源IAA、干旱、低温及盐胁迫都能够显著提高丹参SmIAA7的表达量, 暗示SmIAA7可能参与丹参羽状复叶数目的调控、丹参生长素信号转导及丹参响应非生物胁迫过程, 为后续进一步验证SmIAA7在叶片发育、激素响应和抗逆性等方面潜在的功能奠定基础。
作者贡献: 王晓晖、胡秀华、王金铃负责论文思路设计; 黄钰莹、陈颖负责论文撰写、数据分析及SmIAA7数据挖掘及表达分析; 王宝纬负责SmIAA7生物信息学分析; 关范圆、郑语嫣负责基因组数据分析; 范菁负责SmIAA7亚细胞定位。所有的作者都对原稿的最终版本做出了贡献。
利益冲突: 无相关利益冲突。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(82173987)
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2025年第60卷第2期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0789
  • 接收时间:2024-08-14
  • 首发时间:2025-11-07
  • 出版时间:2025-02-12
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-14
  • 修回日期:2024-11-14
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国家自然科学基金资助项目(82173987)
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    1.北京中医药大学, 北京中医药研究院中药现代研究中心, 北京 102488
    2.安徽科技学院生物医学与健康学院, 安徽 滁州 233100
    3.北京中医药大学中药学院, 北京 102488
    4.北京中医药大学生命科学学院, 北京 102488

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*王金铃, E-mail:
胡秀华, E-mail:
王晓晖, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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