Article(id=1199782973001265968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1199782966441378761, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0750, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1722787200000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-05, revisedDate=1726243200000, revisedDateStr=2024-09-14, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763980151653, onlineDateStr=2025-11-24, pubDate=1733932800000, pubDateStr=2024-12-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763980151653, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763980151653, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763980151653, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1199782966441378761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2024', volume='59', issue='12', pageStart='3179', pageEnd='3412', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763980150088, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764224975369, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200809838151324146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1199782966441378761, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200809838151324147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1199782966441378761, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3388, endPage=3393, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1199782973382947669, articleId=1199782973001265968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Characterization of pathological blood-brain barrier crossing BSc3094 nanopreparations and evaluation of their targeting properties, columnId=null, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Intracellular neurofibrillary tangles resulting from abnormal hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein constitute one of the principal pathological markers of Alzheimer′s disease. Existing studies have indicated that BSc3094 is an efficacious inhibitor of Tau protein aggregation, capable of binding to Tau protein, inhibiting Tau protein phosphorylation, and enhancing cell viability concurrently, holding significant potential in treating Alzheimer′s disease. Nevertheless, due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier, it is challenging for drugs to penetrate the brain and exert their effects, and whether BSc3094 can treat Alzheimer′s disease by inhibiting Tau protein aggregation has not been profoundly investigated. Hence, in this study, small-sized (PLGA) nanoparticles were fabricated through the stirring method. BSc3094 was loaded into the nanoparticles (PLGA@BSc). To further enhance the brain entry efficiency of PLGA nanoparticles, a pathological BBB-targeting peptide was modified on the surface to obtain PLGA@BSc@K. In this study, the stability, cytotoxicity, and pathological targeting of the nanosystem were characterized. The particle size of the nanosystem was about 90 nm, which was negatively charged. The results demonstrated that the particle size of the nanoparticles did not fluctuate conspicuously within 168 h, and the stability was favorable. PLGA and BSc3094 had no notable impact on cell viability and displayed low cytotoxicity. At 1 and 4 h, it was observed that the uptake of targeted modified nanoparticles by cells in pathological states augmented, suggesting that PLGA@BSc@K had an excellent pathological blood-brain barrier targeting effect. This study provides a novel concept for the targeting of BSc3094 nanoparticles in the brain and the treatment of Alzheimer′s disease.

, correspAuthors=Jing-yuan XIONG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Hang LUO, Yue LÜ, Hui-le GAO, Jing-yuan XIONG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1199782976339932145, articleId=1199782973001265968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=病理血脑屏障穿越BSc3094纳米制剂的制备表征及其靶向性评价, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

异常过度磷酸化Tau蛋白引起的细胞内神经纤维缠结是阿尔茨海默病主要的病理标志之一。现有研究表明, BSc3094是一种有效的Tau蛋白聚集抑制剂, 其可以与Tau蛋白结合, 抑制Tau蛋白磷酸化, 同时增强细胞活力, 在治疗阿尔茨海默病方面具有极大潜力。然而, 由于血脑屏障的存在, 药物难以入脑发挥作用, 同时, BSc3094是否可以通过抑制Tau蛋白聚集来治疗阿尔茨海默病尚未深入研究。因此, 本研究通过搅拌法制得小粒径聚乳酸-羟基乙酸[poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid), PLGA] 纳米颗粒, 以其为载体, 搭载BSc3094 (PLGA@BSc), 为了进一步增加其入脑效率, 在其表面修饰了病理血脑屏障靶向肽得到PLGA@BSc@K。本研究对该纳米体系的稳定性、细胞毒性及病理靶向性进行了表征, 该纳米体系的粒径约90 nm, 呈负电性; 实验表明, 纳米粒颗粒粒径在168 h内未见明显波动, 稳定性较好; PLGA及BSc3094游离药物对细胞活力无显著影响, 细胞毒性较低; 在1及4 h都可以明显观察到病理状态下细胞对靶向修饰的纳米颗粒的摄取增加, 表明PLGA@BSc@K具有较好的病理靶向效果。本研究为BSc3094纳米颗粒靶向入脑及阿尔茨海默病的治疗提供了新思路。

, correspAuthors=熊静远, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*熊静远, Tel: 86-28-85501272, E-mail:
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病理血脑屏障穿越BSc3094纳米制剂的制备表征及其靶向性评价
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罗航 1 , 吕月 2 , 高会乐 2 , 熊静远 1, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2024,59(12): 3388-3393
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2024, 59(12): 3388-3393
病理血脑屏障穿越BSc3094纳米制剂的制备表征及其靶向性评价
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罗航1, 吕月2, 高会乐2, 熊静远1, *
作者信息
  • 1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院, 四川 成都 610041
  • 2.四川大学华西药学院, 四川 成都 610041

通讯作者:

*熊静远, Tel: 86-28-85501272, E-mail:
Characterization of pathological blood-brain barrier crossing BSc3094 nanopreparations and evaluation of their targeting properties
Hang LUO1, Yue LÜ2, Hui-le GAO2, Jing-yuan XIONG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. West China School of Public Health/the Fourth Hospital of West China, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
  • 2. West China College of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
出版时间: 2024-12-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0750
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异常过度磷酸化Tau蛋白引起的细胞内神经纤维缠结是阿尔茨海默病主要的病理标志之一。现有研究表明, BSc3094是一种有效的Tau蛋白聚集抑制剂, 其可以与Tau蛋白结合, 抑制Tau蛋白磷酸化, 同时增强细胞活力, 在治疗阿尔茨海默病方面具有极大潜力。然而, 由于血脑屏障的存在, 药物难以入脑发挥作用, 同时, BSc3094是否可以通过抑制Tau蛋白聚集来治疗阿尔茨海默病尚未深入研究。因此, 本研究通过搅拌法制得小粒径聚乳酸-羟基乙酸[poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid), PLGA] 纳米颗粒, 以其为载体, 搭载BSc3094 (PLGA@BSc), 为了进一步增加其入脑效率, 在其表面修饰了病理血脑屏障靶向肽得到PLGA@BSc@K。本研究对该纳米体系的稳定性、细胞毒性及病理靶向性进行了表征, 该纳米体系的粒径约90 nm, 呈负电性; 实验表明, 纳米粒颗粒粒径在168 h内未见明显波动, 稳定性较好; PLGA及BSc3094游离药物对细胞活力无显著影响, 细胞毒性较低; 在1及4 h都可以明显观察到病理状态下细胞对靶向修饰的纳米颗粒的摄取增加, 表明PLGA@BSc@K具有较好的病理靶向效果。本研究为BSc3094纳米颗粒靶向入脑及阿尔茨海默病的治疗提供了新思路。

阿尔茨海默病  /  Tau蛋白  /  纳米颗粒  /  BSc3094  /  血脑屏障

Intracellular neurofibrillary tangles resulting from abnormal hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein constitute one of the principal pathological markers of Alzheimer′s disease. Existing studies have indicated that BSc3094 is an efficacious inhibitor of Tau protein aggregation, capable of binding to Tau protein, inhibiting Tau protein phosphorylation, and enhancing cell viability concurrently, holding significant potential in treating Alzheimer′s disease. Nevertheless, due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier, it is challenging for drugs to penetrate the brain and exert their effects, and whether BSc3094 can treat Alzheimer′s disease by inhibiting Tau protein aggregation has not been profoundly investigated. Hence, in this study, small-sized (PLGA) nanoparticles were fabricated through the stirring method. BSc3094 was loaded into the nanoparticles (PLGA@BSc). To further enhance the brain entry efficiency of PLGA nanoparticles, a pathological BBB-targeting peptide was modified on the surface to obtain PLGA@BSc@K. In this study, the stability, cytotoxicity, and pathological targeting of the nanosystem were characterized. The particle size of the nanosystem was about 90 nm, which was negatively charged. The results demonstrated that the particle size of the nanoparticles did not fluctuate conspicuously within 168 h, and the stability was favorable. PLGA and BSc3094 had no notable impact on cell viability and displayed low cytotoxicity. At 1 and 4 h, it was observed that the uptake of targeted modified nanoparticles by cells in pathological states augmented, suggesting that PLGA@BSc@K had an excellent pathological blood-brain barrier targeting effect. This study provides a novel concept for the targeting of BSc3094 nanoparticles in the brain and the treatment of Alzheimer′s disease.

Alzheimer′s disease  /  Tau protein  /  nanoparticle  /  BSc3094  /  blood-brain barrier
罗航, 吕月, 高会乐, 熊静远. 病理血脑屏障穿越BSc3094纳米制剂的制备表征及其靶向性评价. 药学学报, 2024 , 59 (12) : 3388 -3393 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0750
Hang LUO, Yue LÜ, Hui-le GAO, Jing-yuan XIONG. Characterization of pathological blood-brain barrier crossing BSc3094 nanopreparations and evaluation of their targeting properties[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2024 , 59 (12) : 3388 -3393 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0750
目前世界人口老龄化形势十分严峻, 联合国组织在《2020年世界人口老龄化报告》中指出, 全球65岁或65岁以上的人口有7.27亿, 预计这一数字在未来30年将翻一番(到2050年占总人口的16%)[1]。而老龄被认为是大多数神经退行性疾病的主要危险因素, 阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimner's disease, AD) 是以记忆力减弱、认知功能进行性障碍及大脑神经元细胞进行性受损为主要特征的一种神经退行性疾病, 是65岁以上患者中最常见的神经退行性疾病[2], 其在65~69岁的患者中发病率为7%, 在85岁以上人群中发病率为50%~60%[3]。目前AD人群的基数逐年增长, 罹患AD严重影响着患病个体的生活质量, 给个人、家庭及社会带来了巨大且沉重的负担, 因此亟需研发可以有效治疗AD的药物。
AD的发病机制复杂, 具体机制目前尚不明确, 目前研究者多认可β-淀粉样蛋白(β-amyloid, Aβ) 级联假说与Tau蛋白过度磷酸化假说[4]。其中Tau蛋白过度磷酸化假说认为, 在AD患者中病理状态的Tau蛋白占据主导地位。过度磷酸化的Tau蛋白可以隔离正常Tau蛋白, 从而影响微管相关蛋白的功能。Tau蛋白的过度磷酸化还可能影响蛋白的分选、降解、截短和聚集[5]。截短的Tau蛋白暴露出微管结合重复序列, 这些重复序列更有可能形成聚集体。磷酸化Tau蛋白会抑制微管的组装, 并促进其组装成成对螺旋丝, 进一步形成细胞内神经纤维缠结, 产生神经毒性, 损伤神经元细胞, 加速AD病程的进展。因此, 开发特异性去除磷酸化Tau蛋白的药物可能是治疗AD的关键。
中枢神经系统(central nervous system, CNS) 是人体神经系统的重要组成部分, 具有进行记忆、学习等一系列生理活动的重要功能, 为了为大脑提供庇护场所, 人体进化出了多种屏障保护CNS[6], 血脑屏障(blood-brain barrier, BBB) 是其中最重要的屏障。BBB是一种遍布脑实质的高密度的毛细血管网络, 保护着中枢神经免受血源性物质的侵害, 控制血液和中枢神经之间的离子、分子和细胞运输, 并保护中枢神经免受神经毒性代谢物及外源性物质的侵害[7]。但BBB不仅阻止有害代谢物及毒物进入大脑, 大多数需要入脑治疗脑部疾病的药物也会被BBB阻碍进入大脑, 因此BBB的存在是影响药物入脑到达治疗部位的主要障碍。目前治疗AD的一线药物仍为经典的胆碱酯酶抑制剂或者美金刚药物, 但此类药物只能对症治疗, 无法从根本上治疗AD[8]。因此, 从AD的病理机制出发, 寻找针对AD的病理机制的特异性药物, 开发可穿透BBB的载体系统, 实现药物的脑靶向递送, 有望在AD的治疗上取得突破。
纳米技术药物为新型药物递送方式的先驱[9]。纳米技术不仅可以增强药物的溶解性和稳定性, 还能使药物跨越BBB的限制, 通过多种修饰, 可以靶向并且持续递送药物到病灶部位[10]。聚合纳米粒子(polymeric nanoparticles, PNPs) 为纳米技术药物中较为成功且成熟的一种方法[11]。聚乳酸-羟基乙酸[poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid), PLGA]作为FDA批准的医药学领域应用最广泛的PNPs材料, 具有优良的生物相容性、生物降解性、生物安全性和多功能性, 是非常优良的纳米药物载体[12]。2-(4-(4-硝基苯基)-2-噻唑基)酰肼-1H-苯并咪唑-6-羧酸单氢溴酸盐(BSc3094)是一种有效的Tau蛋白聚集抑制剂, 其结构中的苯基噻唑酰肼结构可以与Tau蛋白结合[13], 有效地降低Tau蛋白的磷酸化和聚集, 同时增强细胞活力。但目前关于BSc3094与AD的研究开展得较少。磷脂酰乙醇胺(phosphatidylethanolamine, DSPE) 与聚乙二醇(polyethylene glycol, PEG) 结合形成DSPE-PEG, 具有良好的水溶性和生物相容性, 被广泛应用于纳米药物修饰[14]。据报道, Aβ很容易内化到大脑中, 这种内化可由高表达的高级糖化终产物受体(RAGE) 介导, 而RAGE与AD的进展密切相关[15]。受Aβ运输的启发, KLVFFAED (K肽) 在不干扰正常信号转导的情况下从Aβ提取, 据报道能够通过RAGE主动靶向AD的病变BBB区域。因此选用病理BBB靶向肽K对PLGA NPs进行修饰增加病理BBB靶向效果以期望达到更好的治疗效果。
综上所述, 本课题采用PLGA作为载体合成PLGA NPs, 并且在表面修饰病理BBB靶向肽KLVFFAED, 搭载药物BSc3094, 探索新型AD治疗方法。
仪器与试剂  LC-10AT型高效液相色谱仪(日本Shimadazu公司); 90Plus PLAS纳米粒度及zeta电位分析仪(美国NanoBrook公司); H-600型透射电子显微镜(日本Hitachi公司); A1+型激光共聚焦显微镜(日本Nikon公司); 二甲基亚砜(DMSO, 安耐吉化学); 乙腈(HPLC级, 美国Sigma-Aldrich); BSc3094 (98%, 上海阿拉丁公司); PLGA10000 (西安瑞禧生物科技有限公司)。
纳米粒制备及表征  分别称取3 mg PLGA10000、1 mg DSPE-PEG2000-mal、0.5 mg DSPE-PEG2000-K、1.3 mg大豆卵磷脂、0.03 mg BSc3094 (投药量为1%) 溶于150 μL DMSO中, 然后将150 μL DMSO混合溶液逐滴滴入3 mL超纯水中, 在室温下900 r·min-1搅拌3 min, 收集反应液, 再用离心机在4 ℃条件下以6 500 r·min-1离心15 min取上清液, 重复2次。最后将上清溶液放置于超滤管(Mw = 10 kDa) 中, 超纯水洗涤3次并浓缩, 制得PLGA@BSc3094@K; 将DSPE-PEG2000-K替换成等量DSPE-PEG2000得到PLGA@BSc3094; 不加入BSc3094制得PLGA@K; 二者都不加入制得空白PLGA。制备得到的PLGA纳米粒经透射电子显微镜成像, 观察纳米粒的形态及确认纳米粒的尺寸。使用90Plus PLAS纳米粒度及zeta电位分析仪检测纳米粒水合粒径和电位。
载药与包封率  采用高效液相色谱法测定PLGA@BSc3094纳米粒的载药量与包封率。BSc3094高效液相色谱条件为: 流动相为乙腈∶水(50∶50, v/v), 流速为1 mL·min-1, 检测波长为214 nm, 采用乙腈作为破乳剂, 将制备得到的纳米粒与乙腈按照1∶10、1∶20和1∶50的比例混合破乳, 破乳后上机检测, 根据公式(1) (2) 分别计算载药量和包封率。
$ 载药量 (\%) = 被包载的药物量/纳米粒总质量 × 100\% $
$ 包封率 (\%) = 被包载的药物量/投药总剂量 × 100\% $
稳定性测定  将制备的PLGA纳米粒分散在磷酸缓冲盐溶液(phosphate buffered saline, PBS)、5%葡萄糖(glucose, Glu)、10 mmol·L-1羟乙基哌嗪乙硫磺酸溶液(hydroxyethyl piperazine ethanesulfonic acid, Hepes)、10%胎牛血清(fetal bovine serum, FBS) 溶液中, 然后放置在37 ℃、75 r·min-1的恒温振荡器中孵育, 分别在1、2、4、8、12、24、36、48、72、96、120、144和168 h取少量样品, 测定其水合粒径和多分散系数(polydispersity, PDI)。5%葡萄糖为等渗溶液, 可以更好地模拟体内真实代谢状况, 某些药物在5%葡萄糖溶液中比在生理盐水中更稳定; Hepes作为介质具有稳定的pH环境, 有利于细胞的正常生长和代谢, Hepes具有抗菌特性, 可以有效抑制细菌和其他微生物的生长, 降低了样本污染的风险; FBS在细胞培养中广泛应用(等渗), 因此选择FBS作为介质进行稳定性测量可以更好地模拟实际使用情况, 确保测量结果的实用性和可靠性; PBS为等渗溶液, 具有平衡渗透压, 维持离子强度和pH的作用, 所以被广泛用作介质测量纳米粒稳定性。因此将这4种选作介质测量纳米颗粒稳定性。
细胞毒性试验  将SH-SY5Y细胞以每孔5 000细胞的密度接种于96孔板中并放置在37 ℃、5% CO2恒温培养箱培养。当每孔细胞密度达到50%时, 弃去培养基, 用完全培养基配置一系列梯度浓度的游离BSc3094溶液, 具体浓度分别为20 000、2 000、1 000、500、250、100、50、25、12.5、6.25、3.125 nmol·L-1, 每个浓度给药每孔100 μL, 每个浓度6个复孔, 并设置空白对照。同时, 用完全培养基配置一系列梯度浓度的空白PLGA纳米粒溶液, 具体浓度分别为500、250、100、50、25、12.5、6.25、3.125、1.562 5和0.781 25 nmol·L-1, 每个浓度给药每孔100 μL, 每个浓度6个复孔, 并设置空白对照。给药24 h后, 弃去培养基, 用完全培养基配置质量浓度为0.5 mg·mL-1 MTT试剂, 每孔给药100 μL, 将96孔板继续放入恒温培养箱孵育4 h。4 h后弃去培养基, 每孔加入150 μL DMSO, 混匀, 用酶标仪在490 nm条件下检测吸光度值(OD)。根据公式(3) 计算细胞存活率(C):
$ C (\%) = \frac{\mathrm{O}{\mathrm{D}}_{\mathrm{实}\mathrm{验}\mathrm{组}}}{\mathrm{O}{\mathrm{D}}_{\mathrm{空}\mathrm{白}}}\times 100\mathrm{\%} $
细胞靶向性评价  在Aβ诱导的病理bEnd.3细胞和RAGE高表达的细胞上评价细胞靶向性。分别将bEnd.3细胞以每孔1×105个的密度、bEnd.3 RAGE高表达细胞以每孔6×104个的密度接种于12孔板内, 放入培养箱培养24 h。之后将bEnd.3细胞培养基弃去, 一半细胞加入含5 μmol·L-1 Aβ1-42寡聚体的培养基, 另一半细胞加入等量不含Aβ1-42寡聚体的新培养基; 同时更换bEnd.3 RAGE高表达细胞的培养基, 继续放入恒温培养箱孵育24 h。之后去除培养基, 用不含血清的培养基稀释包载香豆素6 (coumarin, Cou-6) 的空白PLGA纳米粒与PLGA@K纳米粒(Cou-6包投量为0.1%), 稀释后纳米粒质量浓度为0.5 mg·mL-1, 每孔分别给药1 mL。孵育1和4 h后, 弃去培养基, 加入PBS润洗3次, 用4%的多聚甲醛固定20 min, PBS润洗3次, 加入0.5 μg·mL-1 DAPI溶液染色10 min, 再用PBS润洗3次。在载玻片上滴加适量的抗荧光淬灭封片剂, 将圆形载玻片盖在封片剂上方, 指甲油封片, 在激光共聚焦显微镜下观察细胞靶向性摄取纳米粒情况。
得到的BSc3094质量浓度(0.01~100 μg·mL-1)-峰面积标准曲线如图 1所示。线性关系式为y = 93 645x - 24 088, 相关系数= 0.999 8。投药量为1%时, 载药量为(0.45 ± 0.13)%, BSc3094的包封率达到了(67.3 ± 19.0)%。
透射电子显微镜观察到形成的纳米粒均为较规整的球形, 粒径在40 nm左右, 较为均一(图 2)。
得到的PLGA纳米粒水合粒径约115.3 ± 1.1 nm, 加入DSPE-PEG2000-K修饰及搭载药物BSc3094后纳米粒粒径减小, 粒径为100.0 ± 0.5 nm, 3种纳米粒zeta电位均为负值(图 3)。
在5% Glu、10 mmol·L-1 Hepes、PBS溶液中, 合成的各种PLGA纳米粒的水合粒径和PDI在168 h内均未见明显波动, 说明PLGA纳米粒在这些介质中可以保持良好的稳定性。在10% FBS溶液中, PLGA纳米粒的水合粒径和PDI (0.25 ± 0.04) 在24 h内未见明显波动, 在24 h内可以保持良好的稳定性, 但在48 h粒径明显增大, 可能发生聚集(图 4)。
与对照组(未给药) 相比, 6.25 nmol·L-1以下浓度的PLGA纳米粒可以提高SH-SY5Y细胞活力, 促进细胞生长; 而6.25 nmol·L-1以上浓度的PLGA纳米粒使得细胞活力下降, 但总体活力仍较高, 说明PLGA在试验给药浓度下几乎无细胞毒性(图 5A)。与对照组(未给药) 相比, 2 000 nmol·L-1以下浓度的BSc3094游离药物对SH-SY5Y细胞活力影响不大, 当给药浓度达到20 000 nmol·L-1时, 细胞活力降至80%左右, 具有一定的细胞毒性(图 5B)。
在两种细胞中都可以明显观察到细胞中纳米粒荧光强度在4 h时高于1 h, 说明4 h时细胞对纳米粒的摄取程度高于1 h (图 6)。在正常bEnd.3细胞中, 空白PLGA纳米粒与PLGA@K纳米粒荧光强度差别不大(图 6A)。但无论是在Aβ1-42寡聚体诱导的bEnd.3病理细胞还是在bEnd.3 RAGE高表达细胞中(图 6B), 1和4 h都可以观察到PLGA@K纳米粒荧光强度明显高于空白PLGA纳米粒, 说明Aβ1-42寡聚体诱导的bEnd.3病理细胞与bEnd.3 RAGE高表达细胞对PLGA@K纳米粒的摄取程度更高, 表明在纳米粒表面修饰靶向肽K可以增加病理细胞对PLGA纳米粒的摄取, 该修饰可以实现病理靶向效果。
纳米粒zeta电位均为负值, 有研究表明, 带负电荷的纳米粒安全性更好, 其蛋白质调理作用低, 从而具有更长的血液循环时间[16]。纳米粒在PBS、5% Glu、10 mmol·L-1 Hepes溶液中水合粒径在168 h内未见明显波动(110 nm左右), 说明PLGA纳米粒在体外这些介质中可以较长时间保持良好的稳定性[17], 虽然在10% FBS溶液中纳米粒在48 h发生了聚集, 但这可能与10% FBS溶液中血清蛋白自身不稳定发生了絮凝有关。MTT实验中, 浓度范围在0~500 nmol·L-1的PLGA及0~2 000 nmol·L-1的BSc3094游离药物对细胞活力均无显著影响, 细胞毒性低, 生物安全性比较好[18], 为后续进一步细胞实验给药剂量作出了一定的参考价值。细胞靶向实验结果显示, 4 h时细胞对药物的摄取量高于1 h。在正常bEnd.3细胞上未观察到对K肽修饰的纳米粒有明显摄取增加, 而在Aβ1-42寡聚体诱导的bEnd.3病理细胞及bEnd.3 RAGE高表达细胞中, 在1及4 h时都可以明显观察到细胞对K肽修饰的纳米粒有明显摄取增加, 证明了K肽修饰纳米粒可以明显提高纳米粒的病理靶向效果[19], 从而减小纳米药物对正常生理细胞的毒副作用。
本课题采用PLGA作为药物载体, 搭载Tau蛋白聚集抑制剂BSc3094, 同时在纳米粒表面修饰DSPE-PEG与靶向肽K, 改善合成的PLGA纳米粒的血液循环时间和生物分布, 同时增强其病理靶向效果, 最终达到增强穿透血脑屏障的能力, 增加药物在靶部位的作用, 延长药物的循环半衰期, 减少不良反应的效果, 为阿尔茨海默病的治疗提供了新的思路与方向。
作者贡献: 罗航负责文章撰写、文献资料收集; 吕月负责数据管理、文献修改; 高会乐负责审编、形式分析; 熊静远负责审编、资金获取、监督、构思。
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  • 四川省科技厅资助项目(2021YJ0156)
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0750
  • 接收时间:2024-08-05
  • 首发时间:2025-11-24
  • 出版时间:2024-12-12
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-05
  • 修回日期:2024-09-14
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    1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院, 四川 成都 610041
    2.四川大学华西药学院, 四川 成都 610041

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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