Article(id=1193259082451747623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1193259081696772901, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0626, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1720022400000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-04, revisedDate=1726675200000, revisedDateStr=2024-09-19, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1762424734938, onlineDateStr=2025-11-06, pubDate=1741708800000, pubDateStr=2025-03-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1762424734938, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1762424734938, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762424734938, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1193259081696772901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2025', volume='60', issue='3', pageStart='533', pageEnd='842', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1762424734756, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764224876724, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200809424412602670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1193259081696772901, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200809424412602671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1193259081696772901, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=615, endPage=626, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1193259082657268526, articleId=1193259082451747623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Mechanism of regulating pyroptosis and protecting cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury by Buyang Huanwu Decoction, columnId=1193259082502079273, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Special Reports: Multi-disciplinary exploration in the current situation and future direction of the modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study aimed to clarify the mechanism and active components of Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BYHWD) in alleviating cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury (CIRI) by inhibiting pyroptosis. The key components and targets of BYHWD for CIRI were identified via network pharmacological analysis, followed by molecular docking performed with Autodock and Pymol software. The effects of BYHWD and its active components were validated in vivo and in vitro. A middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was established in mouse to assess neural function alterations in mice under various conditions. Concurrently, an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) model was developed utilizing mouse brain tissue astrocytes in vitro. Molecular biology experiments were used to verify the predicted key targets. We have determined that the principal components of BYHWD are baicalein and β-sitosterol. By analyzing genes associated with CIRI pathology alongside those linked to pyroptosis, 20 intersecting genes were identified. In conjunction with molecular docking binding energy assessment, TP53 and TNF emerged as pivotal core targets for subsequent validation. Molecular biology experiments confirmed that BYHWD effectively alleviates injury while reducing the expression level of P53. These findings indicate that the primary bioactive constituents of BYHWD were baicalein and β-sitosterol. In addition, BYHWD may inhibit pyroptosis via TNF and TP53 in protecting CIRI. The experiment has been approved by the Experimental Animal Welfare Ethics Committee of Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, approval number (KTSC2020037, KTSC2023030).

, correspAuthors=Hong-wei WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Lu-yuan CAO, Xiao-xiao ZHENG, An-kang YIN, Qin-qin ZHAO, Shu-yu GE, Hong-wei WANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1193259583616549356, articleId=1193259082451747623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=补阳还五汤调控焦亡保护脑缺血再灌注损伤的作用机制, columnId=1193259082653074221, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=专题报道: 以多学科交叉探寻中药现代化发展之路, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究旨在探究补阳还五汤(Buyang Huanwu Decoction, BYHWD) 通过抑制焦亡缓解脑缺血再灌注损伤(cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, CIRI) 的作用机制及有效成分。首先通过网络药理学分析预测BYHWD治疗CIRI的关键成分及靶点, 并通过Autodock软件和Pymol软件进行分子对接, 再通过体内外实验验证BYHWD及相关有效成分的作用。体内利用小鼠大脑中动脉栓塞(middle cerebral artery occlusion, MCAO) 建立模型, 评估不同条件下小鼠神经功能; 体外利用小鼠脑组织星形胶质细胞, 建立氧糖剥夺/再灌注(oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion, OGD/R) 模型, 并利用分子生物学实验, 验证预测的关键靶点。发现BYHWD的主要成分为黄芩素、β-谷甾醇, 通过分析BYHWD与CIRI疾病相关基因以及焦亡相关基因, 交集的基因共20个, 结合分子对接结合能, 选取其中TP53TNF关键核心靶点进行后续验证。分子实验明确BYHWD可有效减轻损伤, 并降低P53的表达。上述结果提示, 补阳还五汤主要活性成分黄芩素、β-谷甾醇等通过TNFTP53等靶点抑制焦亡, 发挥保护CIRI的作用。本实验已由浙江省中医药研究院实验动物福利伦理委员会批准(批准号: KTSC2020037、KTSC2023030)。

, correspAuthors=王宏伟, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*王宏伟, E-mail:
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A: BYHWD and pyroptosis with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI); B: Three intersection targets , figureFileSmall=SQHsY1we1aUz7++ZpHf/eQ==, figureFileBig=s5vXrooKzx/MkKQ902cP/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194704300082434701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193259082451747623, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=7NeheJo21uICXCGrHWy8hg==, figureFileBig=I8huKIu0i4GsKaIBz5+yFg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194704300178903694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193259082451747623, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= Drug-component-target network diagram of BYHWD. Rectangle: Potential targets for BYHWD treatment of CIRI; Oval: The active component of BYHWD; Hexagon: 7 kind herb name abbreviation of BYHWD. The darker the color, the higher the degree , figureFileSmall=7NeheJo21uICXCGrHWy8hg==, figureFileBig=I8huKIu0i4GsKaIBz5+yFg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194704300258595471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193259082451747623, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=Tgyb9bsEvBOK26sP8MWxnw==, figureFileBig=JoWsYjgbbQz2awX66RgAFQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194704300338287248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193259082451747623, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= Molecular docking model diagram , figureFileSmall=Tgyb9bsEvBOK26sP8MWxnw==, figureFileBig=JoWsYjgbbQz2awX66RgAFQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194704300413784721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193259082451747623, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=ga5k3H9LyGogDwDNBI83kA==, figureFileBig=UFToLohA9FuFQDGm78+qwg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194704300472504978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193259082451747623, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= GO (A) and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis (B) of BYHWD in the treatment of CIRI , figureFileSmall=ga5k3H9LyGogDwDNBI83kA==, figureFileBig=UFToLohA9FuFQDGm78+qwg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194704300543808147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193259082451747623, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=lD0cO/oR5ndGy0BNaQVhrA==, figureFileBig=yE4Yia3vD2d4sqk0Yn9WxA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194704300619305620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193259082451747623, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption= Verify the effect of BYHWD treating on CIRI. A-D: Western blot analysis AQP4 (A, B) and P53 (C, D) expression changes in mouse brain astrocytes after oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) and BYHWD treatment; E: q-PCR was used to detect <i>Trp53</i> changes of mouse brain astrocytes after OGD/R and treatment with BYHWD, respectively; F: Mouse neural function score; G-I: Changes in brain tissue were detected by HE staining and the expression of GSDMD, AQP4 and P53 after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) by immunohistochemistry detection. <i>n</i> = 3, $\bar{x} \pm s$. <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001, <sup>****</sup><i>P</i> < 0.000 1; <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>###</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001, <sup>####</sup><i>P</i> < 0.000 1 , figureFileSmall=lD0cO/oR5ndGy0BNaQVhrA==, figureFileBig=yE4Yia3vD2d4sqk0Yn9WxA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194704300673831573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193259082451747623, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=a7nCTDOgMspEyB8cTRDAXQ==, figureFileBig=Fcwy1lZDNml/DtuNz1wyTw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194704300732551830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193259082451747623, language=CN, label=Figure 6, caption= Effect and target validation of baicalein on CIRI. A: Chemical structure diagram of baicalein; B: Detection of suitable concentration of baicalein by CCK8; C, D: Effect of baicalein on the activity of MA-C cells after OGD/R detected by CCK8 (C) and LDH (D); E: The effects of different baicalein concentrations on <i>Trp53</i> expression were detected by q-PCR. <i>n</i> = 3, $\bar{x} \pm s$. <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>****</sup><i>P</i> < 0.000 1; <sup>#</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>####</sup><i>P</i> < 0.000 1 , figureFileSmall=a7nCTDOgMspEyB8cTRDAXQ==, figureFileBig=Fcwy1lZDNml/DtuNz1wyTw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194704300803854999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193259082451747623, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GeneSpeciesForward primerReverse primer
Trp53MouseCACAGCACATGACGGAGGTCTCCTTCCACCCGGATAAGATG
β-ActinMouseGTGACGTTGACATCCGTAAAGAGCCGGACTCATCGTACTCC
), ArticleFig(id=1194704300866769560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193259082451747623, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

Sequence of gene primers

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GeneSpeciesForward primerReverse primer
Trp53MouseCACAGCACATGACGGAGGTCTCCTTCCACCCGGATAAGATG
β-ActinMouseGTGACGTTGACATCCGTAAAGAGCCGGACTCATCGTACTCC
), ArticleFig(id=1194704300967432857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193259082451747623, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Herb nameMol IDMolecule nameOral bioavailability/%Blood brain barrierDrug-likeness
HQMOL001689Acacetin34.97-0.050.24
HQMOL000173Wogonin30.680.040.23
HQMOL000228(2R)-7-Hydroxy-5-methoxy-2-phenylchroman-4-one55.230.260.2
HQ, CS, HHMOL002714Baicalein33.52-0.050.21
HQMOL0029085, 8, 2'-Trihydroxy-7-methoxyflavone37.01-0.070.27
HQMOL002913Dihydrobaicalin_qt40.040.180.21
HQMOL002915Salvigenin49.07-0.030.33
HQMOL0029175, 2', 6'-Trihydroxy-7, 8-dimethoxyflavone45.05-0.110.33
HQMOL002926Dihydrooroxylin A38.720.030.23
HQMOL002927Skullcapflavone Ⅱ69.51-0.070.44
HQMOL002928Oroxylin A41.370.130.23
HQMOL002932Panicolin76.260.310.29
HQMOL002934Neobaicalein104.34-0.190.44
HQMOL002937Dihydrooroxylin66.060.130.23
HQ, TR, DG, CS, HHMOL000358Beta-sitosterol36.910.990.75
HQ, CS, CXMOL000359Sitosterol36.910.870.75
HQMOL000525Norwogonin39.4-0.170.21
HQMOL0005525, 2'-Dihydroxy-6, 7, 8-trimethoxyflavone31.7100.35
HQ, DG, CS, HHMOL000449Stigmasterol43.8310.76
HQMOL001458Coptisine30.670.320.86
HQMOL001490bis[(2S)-2-Ethylhexyl] benzene-1, 2-dicarboxylate43.590.680.35
HQMOL001506Supraene33.551.730.42
HQMOL002879Diop43.590.260.39
HQMOL002897Epiberberine43.090.40.78
HQMOL008206Moslosooflavone44.090.540.25
HQMOL01041511, 13-Eicosadienoic acid, methyl ester39.281.240.23
HQMOL012266Rivularin37.94-0.130.37
TRMOL000296Hederagenin36.910.960.75
TRMOL000493Campesterol37.580.930.71
TRMOL001323Sitosterol alpha143.280.970.78
TRMOL001340GA12084.850.10.45
CSMOL004355Spinasterol42.981.040.76
CSMOL006999Stigmast-7-en-3-ol37.420.850.75
CSMOL0070124-o-Methyl-paeoniflorin_qt56.70.20.43
CSMOL002883Ethyl oleate (NF)32.41.10.19
CSMOL005043Campest-5-en-3beta-ol37.580.940.71
CXMOL001494Mandenol421.140.19
CXMOL002135Myricanone40.6-0.080.51
CXMOL002140Perlolyrine65.950.150.27
CXMOL002151Senkyunone47.660.50.24
CXMOL002157Wallichilide42.310.730.71
HHMOL001771Poriferast-5-en-3beta-ol36.911.140.75
HHMOL002695Lignan43.32-0.160.65
HHMOL002698Lupeol-palmitate33.980.890.32
HHMOL002706Phytoene39.561.70.5
HHMOL002707Phytofluene43.181.760.5
HHMOL002710Pyrethrin Ⅱ48.36-0.210.35
HHMOL0027196-Hydroxynaringenin33.23-0.270.24
HHMOL002773Beta-carotene37.181.520.58
HHMOL000953CLR37.871.130.68
DLMOL005320Arachidonic acid45.570.580.2
DLMOL010485Eicosapentaenoic acid45.660.80.21
), ArticleFig(id=1194704301051318938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193259082451747623, language=CN, label=Table 2, caption=

Active ingredients of Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BYHWD). HQ: Huang qi; TR: Tao ren; DG: Dang gui; CS: Chi shao; CX: Chuan xiong; HH: Hong hua; DL: Di long

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Herb nameMol IDMolecule nameOral bioavailability/%Blood brain barrierDrug-likeness
HQMOL001689Acacetin34.97-0.050.24
HQMOL000173Wogonin30.680.040.23
HQMOL000228(2R)-7-Hydroxy-5-methoxy-2-phenylchroman-4-one55.230.260.2
HQ, CS, HHMOL002714Baicalein33.52-0.050.21
HQMOL0029085, 8, 2'-Trihydroxy-7-methoxyflavone37.01-0.070.27
HQMOL002913Dihydrobaicalin_qt40.040.180.21
HQMOL002915Salvigenin49.07-0.030.33
HQMOL0029175, 2', 6'-Trihydroxy-7, 8-dimethoxyflavone45.05-0.110.33
HQMOL002926Dihydrooroxylin A38.720.030.23
HQMOL002927Skullcapflavone Ⅱ69.51-0.070.44
HQMOL002928Oroxylin A41.370.130.23
HQMOL002932Panicolin76.260.310.29
HQMOL002934Neobaicalein104.34-0.190.44
HQMOL002937Dihydrooroxylin66.060.130.23
HQ, TR, DG, CS, HHMOL000358Beta-sitosterol36.910.990.75
HQ, CS, CXMOL000359Sitosterol36.910.870.75
HQMOL000525Norwogonin39.4-0.170.21
HQMOL0005525, 2'-Dihydroxy-6, 7, 8-trimethoxyflavone31.7100.35
HQ, DG, CS, HHMOL000449Stigmasterol43.8310.76
HQMOL001458Coptisine30.670.320.86
HQMOL001490bis[(2S)-2-Ethylhexyl] benzene-1, 2-dicarboxylate43.590.680.35
HQMOL001506Supraene33.551.730.42
HQMOL002879Diop43.590.260.39
HQMOL002897Epiberberine43.090.40.78
HQMOL008206Moslosooflavone44.090.540.25
HQMOL01041511, 13-Eicosadienoic acid, methyl ester39.281.240.23
HQMOL012266Rivularin37.94-0.130.37
TRMOL000296Hederagenin36.910.960.75
TRMOL000493Campesterol37.580.930.71
TRMOL001323Sitosterol alpha143.280.970.78
TRMOL001340GA12084.850.10.45
CSMOL004355Spinasterol42.981.040.76
CSMOL006999Stigmast-7-en-3-ol37.420.850.75
CSMOL0070124-o-Methyl-paeoniflorin_qt56.70.20.43
CSMOL002883Ethyl oleate (NF)32.41.10.19
CSMOL005043Campest-5-en-3beta-ol37.580.940.71
CXMOL001494Mandenol421.140.19
CXMOL002135Myricanone40.6-0.080.51
CXMOL002140Perlolyrine65.950.150.27
CXMOL002151Senkyunone47.660.50.24
CXMOL002157Wallichilide42.310.730.71
HHMOL001771Poriferast-5-en-3beta-ol36.911.140.75
HHMOL002695Lignan43.32-0.160.65
HHMOL002698Lupeol-palmitate33.980.890.32
HHMOL002706Phytoene39.561.70.5
HHMOL002707Phytofluene43.181.760.5
HHMOL002710Pyrethrin Ⅱ48.36-0.210.35
HHMOL0027196-Hydroxynaringenin33.23-0.270.24
HHMOL002773Beta-carotene37.181.520.58
HHMOL000953CLR37.871.130.68
DLMOL005320Arachidonic acid45.570.580.2
DLMOL010485Eicosapentaenoic acid45.660.80.21
), ArticleFig(id=1194704301135205019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193259082451747623, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
BYHWD-CIRIBYHWD-pyroptosis
Gene nameDegreeGene nameDegree
BCL230IL619
AKT130TNF19
PTGS230MMP918
GSK3B30TP5318
TNF30CASP317
IL630GSK3B17
HIF1A29CXCL816
MYC29CASP916
TP5329CASP816
PPARG29PTGS216
), ArticleFig(id=1194704301214896796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193259082451747623, language=CN, label=Table 3, caption=

Disease-drug protein interaction network construction screening key genes (top 10)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
BYHWD-CIRIBYHWD-pyroptosis
Gene nameDegreeGene nameDegree
BCL230IL619
AKT130TNF19
PTGS230MMP918
GSK3B30TP5318
TNF30CASP317
IL630GSK3B17
HIF1A29CXCL816
MYC29CASP916
TP5329CASP816
PPARG29PTGS216
), ArticleFig(id=1194704301298782877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193259082451747623, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
LigandReceptor moleculeBinding energy/kcal·mol-1
BaicalinTNF-8.3
BaicalinP53-8.6
Beta-sitosterolTNF-8.3
Beta-sitosterolP53-6.9
), ArticleFig(id=1194704301382668958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193259082451747623, language=CN, label=Table 4, caption=

Binding energy of ligand and receptor molecules in the treatment of CIRI by BYHWD

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
LigandReceptor moleculeBinding energy/kcal·mol-1
BaicalinTNF-8.3
BaicalinP53-8.6
Beta-sitosterolTNF-8.3
Beta-sitosterolP53-6.9
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补阳还五汤调控焦亡保护脑缺血再灌注损伤的作用机制
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曹卢园 1 , 郑小小 2 , 尹安康 3 , 赵琴琴 4 , 葛淑瑜 4 , 王宏伟 1, 4, *
药学学报 | 专题报道: 以多学科交叉探寻中药现代化发展之路 2025,60(3): 615-626
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药学学报 | 专题报道: 以多学科交叉探寻中药现代化发展之路 2025, 60(3): 615-626
补阳还五汤调控焦亡保护脑缺血再灌注损伤的作用机制
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曹卢园1, 郑小小2, 尹安康3, 赵琴琴4, 葛淑瑜4, 王宏伟1, 4, *
作者信息
  • 1.杭州医学院, 基础医学与法医学院, 浙江 杭州 310013
  • 2.浙江省中医药研究院, 中西医结合肿瘤研究所, 浙江 杭州 310012
  • 3.浙江中医药大学, 医学技术与信息工程学院, 浙江 杭州 310053
  • 4.浙江省立同德医院, 浙江 杭州 310012

通讯作者:

*王宏伟, E-mail:
Mechanism of regulating pyroptosis and protecting cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury by Buyang Huanwu Decoction
Lu-yuan CAO1, Xiao-xiao ZHENG2, An-kang YIN3, Qin-qin ZHAO4, Shu-yu GE4, Hong-wei WANG1, 4, *
Affiliations
  • 1. School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310013, China
  • 2. Cancer Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310012, China
  • 3. College of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou 310053, China
  • 4. Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, China
出版时间: 2025-03-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0626
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本研究旨在探究补阳还五汤(Buyang Huanwu Decoction, BYHWD) 通过抑制焦亡缓解脑缺血再灌注损伤(cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, CIRI) 的作用机制及有效成分。首先通过网络药理学分析预测BYHWD治疗CIRI的关键成分及靶点, 并通过Autodock软件和Pymol软件进行分子对接, 再通过体内外实验验证BYHWD及相关有效成分的作用。体内利用小鼠大脑中动脉栓塞(middle cerebral artery occlusion, MCAO) 建立模型, 评估不同条件下小鼠神经功能; 体外利用小鼠脑组织星形胶质细胞, 建立氧糖剥夺/再灌注(oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion, OGD/R) 模型, 并利用分子生物学实验, 验证预测的关键靶点。发现BYHWD的主要成分为黄芩素、β-谷甾醇, 通过分析BYHWD与CIRI疾病相关基因以及焦亡相关基因, 交集的基因共20个, 结合分子对接结合能, 选取其中TP53TNF关键核心靶点进行后续验证。分子实验明确BYHWD可有效减轻损伤, 并降低P53的表达。上述结果提示, 补阳还五汤主要活性成分黄芩素、β-谷甾醇等通过TNFTP53等靶点抑制焦亡, 发挥保护CIRI的作用。本实验已由浙江省中医药研究院实验动物福利伦理委员会批准(批准号: KTSC2020037、KTSC2023030)。

补阳还五汤  /  脑缺血再灌注损伤  /  焦亡  /  网络药理学

This study aimed to clarify the mechanism and active components of Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BYHWD) in alleviating cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury (CIRI) by inhibiting pyroptosis. The key components and targets of BYHWD for CIRI were identified via network pharmacological analysis, followed by molecular docking performed with Autodock and Pymol software. The effects of BYHWD and its active components were validated in vivo and in vitro. A middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was established in mouse to assess neural function alterations in mice under various conditions. Concurrently, an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) model was developed utilizing mouse brain tissue astrocytes in vitro. Molecular biology experiments were used to verify the predicted key targets. We have determined that the principal components of BYHWD are baicalein and β-sitosterol. By analyzing genes associated with CIRI pathology alongside those linked to pyroptosis, 20 intersecting genes were identified. In conjunction with molecular docking binding energy assessment, TP53 and TNF emerged as pivotal core targets for subsequent validation. Molecular biology experiments confirmed that BYHWD effectively alleviates injury while reducing the expression level of P53. These findings indicate that the primary bioactive constituents of BYHWD were baicalein and β-sitosterol. In addition, BYHWD may inhibit pyroptosis via TNF and TP53 in protecting CIRI. The experiment has been approved by the Experimental Animal Welfare Ethics Committee of Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, approval number (KTSC2020037, KTSC2023030).

Buyang Huanwu Decoction  /  cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury  /  pyroptosis  /  network pharmacology
曹卢园, 郑小小, 尹安康, 赵琴琴, 葛淑瑜, 王宏伟. 补阳还五汤调控焦亡保护脑缺血再灌注损伤的作用机制. 药学学报, 2025 , 60 (3) : 615 -626 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0626
Lu-yuan CAO, Xiao-xiao ZHENG, An-kang YIN, Qin-qin ZHAO, Shu-yu GE, Hong-wei WANG. Mechanism of regulating pyroptosis and protecting cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury by Buyang Huanwu Decoction[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2025 , 60 (3) : 615 -626 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0626
脑卒中俗称“中风”, 迅速造成脑功能损伤, 主要分为出血性脑卒中和缺血性脑卒中, 其中急性缺血性脑卒中是世界范围内导致残疾的主要原因, 也是导致患者死亡的主要原因之一[1]。随着溶栓技术的发展, 研究发现症状出现后4.5 h内溶栓和24 h内机械取栓可改善功能预后[2]。然而, 恢复血流常导致再灌注损伤, 即脑缺血再灌注损伤, 无论是缺血还是再灌注, 都对脑组织产生严重不可逆损伤[3]
中医药是中华民族的瑰宝, 凝聚着我国先人几千年的临床实践, 积累了丰富的诊疗经验和药物知识。传统中药在缺血性脑卒中患者中已广泛应用, 特别是对多器官紊乱和损伤, 具有较好的预防和治疗作用[4]。如黄连解毒汤可有效抑制炎症反应、细胞凋亡和调节线粒体功能, 从而减轻脑缺血再灌注损伤(cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, CIRI)。地黄饮子可抗氧化, 加快血管生成及神经干细胞的增殖, 有效减轻CIRI[5]。益气通络颗粒可显著降低CIRI小鼠的梗死体积, 改善其神经功能, 抑制海马神经元死亡, 抑制细胞凋亡[6]。补阳还五汤在我国已经应用大约200年, 是益气活血治疗脑卒中后遗症的常用代表方。有研究表明, 在局灶性脑缺血的动物模型中补阳还五汤具有显著的神经保护和功能改善作用, 对出血性和缺血性脑卒中均有良好的临床疗效[7]。此外, 还能改善长期的运动功能障碍、认知障碍等, 相比西医疗效更佳[8]。有研究者表明, 补阳还五汤可通过调节丝氨酸和苏氨酸蛋白激酶1 (AKT serine/threonine kinase 1, AKT1)、肿瘤蛋白P53 (tumor protein P53, TP53) 基因等靶点改善CIRI, 减少炎症反应[9], 然而其机制尚未明确。近年来, 网络药理学越来越多地被研究者用于中药的研究。与以往对单个成分的研究相比, 对多个成分和靶点之间的相互作用的研究更能代表实际治疗机制。如通过网络药理学确定参芪杀白汤在抗白血病中的活性成分和机制[10]。基于网络药理学, 发现桂枝甘草汤可能通过调控丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen activated protein kinase, MAPK) 通路, 发挥抗心肌缺血再灌注损伤的作用[11]。因此, 可以通过网络药理学来阐明中药治疗各种综合征和现代疾病的机制。
细胞焦亡是程序性细胞死亡的一种模式, 依赖于炎症反应, 其特征是细胞膜快速破裂, DNA断裂和促炎性细胞因子的产生[12], 对免疫反应至关重要。多项研究表明, 焦亡与多种神经系统疾病的免疫反应有关[13], 尤其是CIRI[14]。本课题组前期的研究结果也发现脑缺血再灌注损伤后, 调控焦亡的关键基因成孔蛋白(gasdermin D, GSDMD) 表达显著升高。结合水通道蛋白-4 (aquaporin-4, AQP4) 与CIRI密切相关, 本研究通过构建小鼠大脑中动脉栓塞(middle cerebral artery occlusion, MCAO) 模型[15], 检测AQP4和焦亡相关指标变化, 探索BYHWD对CIRI的作用, 结合网络药理学筛选补阳还五汤的潜在靶点, 并通过检测相关基因的表达变化, 验证相关的靶点, 进一步明确BYHWD的作用机制。探讨BYHWD通过焦亡减轻脑缺血再灌注损伤的作用机制。
动物和药物  实验用雄性C57BL/6J小鼠, 年龄6周, 体重22.5 ± 2.5 g; 6~8周龄的SPF级SD大鼠, 每只大鼠重量250 ± 10 g, 购自江苏集萃药康生物科技股份有限公司, 动物生产许可证: SCXK (苏) 2023-0009。饲养于浙江省中医药研究院, 环境温度(24 ± 2) ℃、湿度50% ± 10%, 昼夜交替, 模拟自然环境, 自由进水进食。本实验已由浙江省中医药研究院实验动物福利伦理委员会批准(批准号: KTSC2020037、KTSC2023030)。
补阳还五汤由7味中药组成, 均购自桐君堂药业有限公司, 黄芪(产地内蒙古, 批号230223)、当归(产地甘肃, 批号231114)、赤芍(产地内蒙古, 批号231023)、酒地龙(产地广西, 批号230501)、川芎(产地四川, 批号231027)、红花(产地新疆, 批号230807)、燀山桃仁(产地河北, 批号231122)。后经浙江省立同德医院葛淑瑜副主任中药师鉴定质量合格。
仪器和材料  台式高速冷冻离心机、生物安全柜、CO2细胞培养箱(美国Thermo公司); 低温高速离心机(德国Eppendorf公司); 全自动荧光定量PCR系统(美国Roche公司); PCR扩增仪、蛋白电泳系统(美国Bio-Rad公司); 水平摇床(上海博迅医疗生物仪器股份有限公司); 反转录试剂盒(TKR-RR047B)、TB Green荧光染料(TKR-RR420B) (TAKARA公司)。抗体β-actin (华安生物, 批号em21002); P53 (批号ab32389)、AQP4 (批号ab46182) (Abcam公司); HRP标记羊抗兔二抗(批号7074s)、HRP标记羊抗鼠二抗(批号7076s) (Cell Signaling Technology公司)。
补阳还五汤主要入脑成分及相关靶点的收集  利用中药系统药理学分析平台TCMSP (http://old.tcmsp-e.com/index.php)[16]检索“川芎”“桃仁”“红花”“赤芍”“黄芪”“当归”的成分。筛选条件为口服利用度(oral bioavailability, OB) ≥ 30%、类药性(drug likeness, DL) ≥ 0.18、血脑屏障通透率(blood-brain barrier permeability, BBB) > -0.30[17, 18], 从而选出有效入脑活性成分及相关的靶点。通过SymMap数据库(symmap.org/search/) 筛选“地龙”的成分, 输入“Pheretima”, 将获得的化学成分输入TCMSP, 通过筛选OB、BBB、DL, 将符合条件的成分纳入, 并搜集相关靶点。
脑缺血再灌注损伤基因靶点以及焦亡相关靶点收集筛选  利用人类基因数据库GeneCards (https://www.genecards.org/)[19]、PharmGKB (https://www.pharmgkb.org) 和OMIM (https://www.omim.org)[20], 分别以“cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury”和“pyroptosis”为关键词, 其中GeneCards数据库选择相关性大于1的基因作为后续分析, 筛选并删除重复的靶点。
补阳还五汤有效成分与疾病信号通路网络的构建  收集并整理补阳还五汤中每味中药含有的活性成分及相应的靶标, 利用全球蛋白资源数据库(UniProt, https://www.uni-prot.org/) 对蛋白靶标数据进行标准化[21]。利用Cytoscape 3.8.0软件构建“药物-活性成分-靶标”的通路网络, 分析化合物与靶标之间的度值[22]
蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用(protein-protein interaction, PPI) 网络构建与核心靶点筛选  将BYHWD有效成分靶基因、脑缺血再灌注损伤靶基因以及焦亡相关靶点基因, 通过韦恩图获得共同靶基因, 将BYHWD和CIRI共同的靶基因导入STRING v11.0平台(https://cn.string-db.org/), 检索的蛋白种类“Homo sapiens”, 并设置相互作用的阈值为0.4, 构建PPI网络[23]。采用Cytoscape软件中的Cyto NCA插件分析并筛选核心靶点。
分子对接  选取网络中的有效成分得分最高的前两个化合物, 并通过TCMSP下载化合物的三维结构。通过PDB数据库, 将通过Cytoscape筛选的其中两个关键靶点当作受体并下载蛋白的三维结构。
GO生物学分析和KEGG途径富集分析  为深入了解基因的生物学功能, 利用Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) v6.8[24] (https://david.ncifcrf.gov/conversion.jsp) 对交集靶点进行GO和KEGG通路富集分析(KEGG, https://www.kegg.jp/)[25]。将物种设置为“智人”, 然后选择P < 0.05作为物种筛选的条件, P值从小到大进行排序。选取生物过程(biological process, BP)、细胞组分(cell components, CC) 和分子功能(molecular function, MF) 的前10项以及KEGG通路富集中的前30条通路进行可视化分析。通过R语言实现结果数据的可视化。本研究旨在阐明补阳还五汤治疗脑缺血再灌注损伤的靶蛋白在基因功能和信号转导通路中的作用。
小鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤模型建立(MCAO/R)  先用异氟醚将小鼠麻醉, 固定小鼠, 沿颈部正中线切开, 钝性分离左侧颈总动脉、颈外动脉和颈内动脉, 分别结扎颈总动脉和颈外动脉, 在距离颈总动脉分叉的部位4 mm, 剪一个小口, 插入一根6-0硅包覆的尼龙单丝(美国Doccol公司), 直到大脑中动脉的起始部位, 稍有阻力, 结扎颈内动脉及颈总动脉的远心端固定线栓, 缝合切口, 碘伏消毒1 h后取出线栓达到再灌注, 即完成缺血再灌注的模型。每天固定时间观察记录不同组小鼠神经功能评分, 灌胃7天后小鼠处死并取大脑。
神经功能评分  术后以及中药灌胃后均评估小鼠的神经功能, 采用Bederson评分作为参考标准。
含药血清的制备  参照文献[26, 27]准确称取药材, 按照比例黄芪∶当归∶赤芍∶川芎∶红花∶地龙∶桃仁=120∶6∶5∶3∶3∶3∶3, 加入纯水(10倍) 浸泡30 min, 加热回流, 提取3次, 每次提取2 h, 合并药液浓缩, 制得含生药0.72 g·mL-1补阳还五汤。
20只SD大鼠, 每只大鼠灌胃的中药量为每天25 mL·kg-1, 连续灌胃7天, 末次给药后1 h, 腹腔麻醉后无菌取血, 静置2 h后, 4 ℃、3 000 r·min-1, 离心15 min, 取上清, 56 ℃水浴, 灭活30 min, 0.22 μm孔径的过滤器过滤之后, 分装, 放-20 ℃冰箱保存。
小鼠脑组织星形胶质细胞氧糖剥夺/再灌注(oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion, OGD/R) 模型建立  去铁胺是铁螯合剂, 有研究表明, 其通过与铁离子结合, 可损害线粒体以及糖酵解过程, 显著降低基础呼吸率、最大呼吸率和备用呼吸量[28, 29]。本实验采用去铁胺以及减少培养基血清含量建立OGD/R模型。首先, 将小鼠脑组织星形胶质细胞(MA-C) 均匀接种于培养皿, 培养箱设置为37 ℃、5% CO2。正常组: 培养基+5%空白血清; 对照组和实验组: 培养基+1%空白血清+10-4 mol·L-1去铁胺, 培养24 h之后, 更换培养基。其中, 对照组: 培养基+5%空白血清; 实验组: 培养基+5%含药血清, 培养24 h。
逆转录定量聚合酶链反应  先用TRIzol (Invitrogen公司) 提取总RNA, 然后采用反转录试剂盒(Takara公司), 将RNA逆转录成cDNA。在实时荧光定量PCR系统上进行相对定量的聚合酶链反应(qPCR); 所有的反应均重复3次。采用比较阈值循环(2-ΔΔCt) 法进行相对定量。qPCR引物如下表 1
蛋白免疫印迹分析  OGD/R处理之后的小鼠脑组织星形胶质细胞, 收集并裂解, 蛋白变性后取10~20 μL, 利用不同浓度的SDS-PAGE电泳, 在电流的作用下, 分离出不同分子量大小的蛋白。然后采用湿转转膜系统, 把凝胶中的蛋白转到PVDF膜。随后采用5%奶粉, 4 ℃封闭1 h。之后用TBST洗3遍, 每次10 min。再采用一抗低温摇床孵育过夜。第二天采用对应的偶联HRP二级抗体, 低温孵育2 h。再采用ECL检测试剂盒, 使其发光显色, 计算蛋白条带灰度值, 采用β-actin作为内参进行分析。
HE染色  首先将小鼠的大脑组织放在10%福尔马林中固定2 h; 脱水, 浸蜡包埋, 切片之后再贴到载玻片上烘干。苏木精染色3 min, 伊红染色1 min。染色后用酒精以及二甲苯脱水透明, 密封之后显微镜观察。
免疫组化  如前所述[30], 将小鼠大脑组织样本切成5 mm厚的切片, 放置在硅烷涂层的玻片上。切片通过脱蜡、抗原修复和封闭处理, 分别加AQP4、GSDMD和P53的一抗孵育过夜, 然后二抗孵育, 使用显色剂使免疫组织化学显色。最后, 苏木精反染, 脱水, 封片, 在显微镜下获取图像。
CCK-8  细胞增殖与活性检测试剂盒(cell counting kit-8, CCK-8) 检测细胞活力。将MA-C细胞接种于96孔板中, 8×103个/孔, 待细胞贴壁之后, 加入梯度浓度黄芩素(0、0.5、1、2、4、8、16、32、64 µmol·L-1), 处理24 h。随后去除原来的培养基, 换成CCK-8工作液(每100 μL普通培养基, 加CCK-8母液10 μL), 每孔100 μL, 细胞培养箱孵育1~3 h后, 用酶标仪检测450 nm处的吸光度值, 并计算细胞的相对活力。
LDH  使用细胞毒性LDH测定试剂盒, 根据制造商的说明书(日本Dojindo公司) 进行测定。将MA-C细胞接种于6孔板中培养, 待细胞贴壁之后, 进行缺血缺氧处理24 h。然后收集细胞, 加完全培养基重新悬浮, 计数接种于96孔板, 37 ℃, 5% CO2培养。贴壁后加入黄芩素培养24 h, 阳性对照组每孔加20 µL裂解缓冲液, 其余加入20 µL完全培养基, 在二氧化碳培养箱中37 ℃培养30 min。每个孔加入100 µL工作液, 避光孵育30 min, 最后每孔加入50 µL停止液。用酶标仪检测490 nm处的吸光度值。
统计学方法  所有数据均采用平均值±标准差, GraghPad Prism 10软件制图表, 采用未配对t检验分析差异, P < 0.05视作差异具有统计学意义。
从TCMSP和SymMap数据库收集黄芪、桃仁、当归、赤芍、川芎、红花、地龙的活性成分, 根据OB ≥ 30%、DL ≥ 0.18、BBB > -0.30进行筛选, 收集到的活性成分为黄芪27种, 桃仁5种, 当归2种, 赤芍9种, 川芎6种, 红花12种, 地龙2种。整理并删除重复, 补阳还五汤共获得52种成分(表 2)。
通过TCMSP数据库收集补阳还五汤活性成分对应的靶点, 去除重复数据后获得135个靶点, 从GeneCards、PharmGKB和OMIM数据库收集CIRI靶点, 去除重复共获得1 921个CIRI相关基因靶点, 获得376个焦亡相关基因靶点, 利用微生信平台在线工具, 共筛选出85个CIRI与BYHWD相关的靶点, 20个BYHWD和焦亡相关的靶点, 三者去交集, 共20个基因, 如图 1所示。
药物活性成分、BYHWD相关靶点和脑缺血再灌注损伤相关基因, 利用Cytoscape 3.8.0软件构建“药物-成分-靶点”的网络图, 并分析化合物和靶点之间的度值, 如图 2所示, 图中间的矩形的节点代表BYHWD治疗CIRI的潜在靶点, 周围椭圆形代表BYHWD入脑的有效成分, 最外蓝色的节点代表BYHWD的7味中药简称。颜色越深代表degree越高, degree最高的前4个化合物是MOL002714 (baicalein/黄芩素)、MOL000358 (beta-sitosterol/β-谷甾醇)、MOL000359 (sitosterol/谷甾醇)、MOL000449 (stigmasterol/豆甾醇), 这4种化合物是补阳还五汤发挥作用的关键成分。
将获得的85个BYHWD-CIRI共同的靶点和20个BYHWD-焦亡共同的靶点分别输入STRING数据库, 绘制蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用的网络图。将获得的结果输入Cytoscape 3.8.0, 计算度值、中介中心性、特征向量、紧密度均值、度值, 筛选大于上述指标中位数的靶点基因, 通过3次筛选, 共筛选出31个BYHWD治疗CIRI的关键基因, 核心关键基因包括BCL2AKT1PTGS2GSK3BTNFIL-6等, 而BYHWD与焦亡相关的核心关键基因包括TNFIL-6TP53MMP9等(表 3)。
选取黄芩素和β-谷甾醇作为配体, TNF (PDB ID: 2zpx)和P53 (PDB ID: 1yc5) 作为受体, 分子对接结果如表 4所示, 结果显示所有结合能都是负值, 且结合能越小, 表示受体和配体的亲和力越高, 越容易发生相互作用。通过可视化分析, 获得模式图(图 3)。
通过GO分析BYHWD与CIRI共有靶点, 分别对分子功能、细胞组分和生物过程进行分析, 获得生物过程525条, 细胞组分64条, 分子功能115条, 按照基因富集数量降序排列, 选择前十的条目, 通过R进行可视化(图 4A)。其中生物过程富集在细胞蛋白质结合等; 细胞组分主要包括等离子体膜、核、细胞质等; 分子功能主要集中在对外源刺激的反应, 基因表达正调控, RNA聚合酶Ⅱ转录的正向调节、凋亡过程的正调控, 凋亡过程的负调控, 血管生成, 凋亡过程, 信号转导, 对缺氧的反应等。通过KEGG获得149条信号通路, 将富集数量降序排列, 取前30项绘制柱形图(图 4B), 包括脂质和动脉粥样硬化、磷脂酰肌醇3激酶-蛋白激酶B (PI3K-Akt) 信号通路等。
体外采用Western blot检测小鼠脑组织星形胶质细胞OGD/R后, AQP4和P53表达变化情况, 发现与正常组相比AQP4和P53表达都显著增加, 而BYHWD治疗后, AQP4和P53表达都显著降低(图 5A~D), qPCR检测发现基因Trp53变化趋势与蛋白P53变化一致(图 5E)。通过评估补阳还五汤灌胃小鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤前后的神经功能, 发现补阳还五汤灌胃之后, CIRI引起的神经功能损伤明显降低(图 5F)。从免疫组化和HE染色发现(图 5G~I), 脑缺血再灌注损伤后, GSDMD、P53、AQP4表达均显著升高, 脑组织损伤严重, 炎症细胞浸润并出现空泡样损伤。
首先, 通过CCK8初步筛选合适的黄芩素浓度(图 6AB), 再通过LDH和CCK8检测均表示黄芩素可有效提高OGD/R之后的细胞活性(图 6CD)。黄芩素处理MA-C细胞之后, 通过q-PCR检测发现Trp53表达均显著下降(图 6E)。
缺血性脑卒中在全球的发病率逐年上升, 目前脑卒中的临床治疗方法主要包括静脉溶栓治疗、机械取栓和干细胞治疗。t-PA可减少微血管的血栓形成, 且在微血管的再通过程中发挥作用。但是这个过程需要严格控制浓度[31]。此外, 部分t-PA需在症状出现后4.5 h内进行, 只适用于缺血脑组织面积较小的患者, 还可能伴有其他并发症[32]。还有研究发现, 虽然t-PA可提高再通率, 但在功能和安全性方面的改善非常有限[33]。机械取栓受血栓病理特征限制[34]。干细胞移植可保护血管, 在脑卒中各个阶段均能发挥作用, 但干细胞质量的一致性难以保证, 且植入的有效性也不稳定, 在植入的过程中易出现并发症[35]。目前, 缺血性脑卒中治疗的首要目的都是恢复缺血脑组织的血流, 但都存在不足, 且由于再通造成的再灌注损伤也不容忽视。
中医是我国的传统医学, 具有独特的优势, 得以不断传承, 如中药可以通过多成分、多靶点、多通路治疗多器官紊乱和损伤。人参皂苷Rg1可调节血脑屏障完整性以及氧化应激和炎症反应, 从而改善CIRI[36-38]。黄芩素能抑制炎性反应, 并改善细胞凋亡, 治疗缺血性脑卒中[39]。补阳还五汤是治疗气虚血瘀型脑卒中后遗症的经典方剂, 在临床上已经广泛应用, 最早是出现在清代的王清任先生的《医林改错》, 通过“补气, 活血, 通络”治疗气虚血瘀型脑卒中。补阳还五汤由七味药组成, 分别是黄芪、红花、地龙、桃仁、当归尾、川芎以及赤芍。其中黄芪占比最多, 大补元气; 而当归尾是活血养血; 赤芍、川芎、桃仁、红花均能活血化瘀, 辅以地龙活络通经。随着研究不断深入, 有研究表明, 在局灶性缺血的动物模型中, 补阳还五汤具有神经保护作用[40], 但补阳还五汤如何减轻脑缺血再灌注损伤的机制及相关的靶点尚不明确。为探究其作用机制, 本研究通过网络药理学和分子实验, 分析补阳还五汤治疗脑缺血再灌注损伤的机制。
从活性成分-靶点的网络图, 可以看出补阳还五汤发挥主要作用的成分是黄芩素、β-谷甾醇、谷甾醇、豆甾醇。黄芩素可通过调节GPX4/ACSL4/ACSL3轴, 抑制铁死亡, 从而改善脑缺血再灌注损伤[41]。还能通过调节促炎因子的释放、清除活性氧、发挥抗炎、抗氧化、抗凋亡及减少脑卒中后梗死体积和水肿的功能[42]β-谷甾醇可通过抑制TLR4/NF-κB信号通路影响小胶质细胞极化, 从而减轻神经炎症, 缓解神经性疼痛[43]β-谷甾醇还能抑制肿瘤坏死因子-α、白细胞介素(interleukin, IL)-6、IL-1β等促炎因子的分泌, 从而抑制炎症[44], 减轻脑损伤。豆甾醇可穿过血脑屏障, 进入大脑, 改善小鼠的神经炎症, 并通过AMPK/NF-κB和AMPK/NLRP3信号通路抑制小胶质细胞对Aβ42低聚物的炎症反应, 从而减轻损伤[45]
根据BYHWD与CIRI交集靶点分析建立的PPI网络, 可以得知BCL2AKT1PTGS2GSK3BTNFIL-6处于网络中心的核心位置。而TNFTP53也位于BYHWD与焦亡交集靶点分析建立的PPI网络的核心位置。其中, Bcl-2可以减轻氧自由基的产生, 减少细胞凋亡[46]。也有研究表明, 通过促进恢复Bcl-2和Bax的平衡, 激活磷脂酰肌醇3激酶-蛋白激酶B (PI3K/Akt) 信号通路, 可以减轻OGD/R对PC12细胞造成的损伤[47]。此外, 当缺血性脑卒中发生时, circUSP36通过miR-139-3p/SMAD3/BCL2信号轴, 也可以减轻损伤[48]。研究表明, 铁死亡和焦亡可以调节动脉粥样硬化的发生和发展, PTGS2可能是动脉粥样硬化的中枢基因, 因此推断PTGS2可能与铁死亡和焦亡相关[49]GSK3B基因编码GSK-3β, 通过激活GSK-3β依赖的核因子红细胞系2相关因子2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, Nrf2) 可以增强脑缺血耐受, 促进抗炎小胶质细胞/巨噬细胞极化, 从而保护神经[50]。TNF和IL-6都是促炎细胞因子, 当减轻TNF和IL-6释放, 可以在CIRI中发挥神经保护作用[51]。而通过焦亡和BYHWD交集靶点的PPI网络可知, TNFTP53同样处于核心位置。
通过KEGG的分析, 本研究发现补阳还五汤通过多种途径发挥作用, 如脂质和动脉粥样硬化、PI3K-Akt信号通路等。颅内和颅外大动脉硬化是缺血性脑卒中的主要原因[52]。Akt磷酸化促进Nrf2的核移位和cAMP反应元件结合蛋白(cAMP response element binding protein, CREB) 的磷酸化, 减轻脑缺血损伤[53]。PI3K-Akt信号通路还能通过调控细胞自噬以及抑制海马细胞的凋亡, 从而抑制脑缺血再灌注损伤导致的细胞焦亡, 减轻神经损伤[54, 55]
HE染色结果可以看出, MCAO之后, 脑组织大量炎症细胞浸润伴有空泡样结构改变。免疫组化结果显示, MCAO之后, GSDMD、AQP4、P53表达均显著升高, 通过对比正常组、模型组及补阳还五汤灌胃组小鼠的神经功能, 发现补阳还五汤可以明显改善脑缺血后的神经功能损伤。前期研究发现, 靶向长链非编码RNA MALAT1能阻断miR-145介导的APQ4上调, 可以有效减轻缺血再灌注导致的损伤[56]。本研究中小鼠脑组织星形胶质细胞OGD/R之后, 采用补阳还五汤含药血清处理, 通过蛋白免疫印迹分析发现AQP4在OGD/R之后表达显著升高, 而补阳还五汤处理后的AQP4显著降低, 从体内和体外实验证明补阳还五汤治疗脑缺血再灌注损伤具有显著疗效。有研究表明, 抑制TP53诱导的炎症通路, 可有效减轻CIRI[57], 以及减轻缺氧/复氧损伤诱导的细胞凋亡[58]。通过前面的网络药理学分析发现, TP53属于关键靶点之一, 该基因在人类中命名为TP53, 而在小鼠中命名为Trp53, 都编码蛋白P53。分子对接显示, 黄芩素和P53的结合能最低, 说明亲和力最大, 进一步证明了网络药理学查找补阳还五汤作用成分及靶点预测的可信度。CCK8和LDH实验均证实, MA-C细胞OGD/R之后, 黄芩素可有效减轻损伤, 提高细胞活性。相关结果同样通过q-PCR得到验证, 即不同浓度处理MA-C细胞之后, Trp53表达显著下降。上述结果提示, 黄芩素可能通过TP53发挥保护脑缺血再灌注损伤的作用。
综上所述, 补阳还五汤可能通过黄芩素、β-谷甾醇等活性成分, 作用于TNFTP53等关键的靶点, 通过抑制焦亡调控脂质和动脉粥样硬化、PI3K-Akt信号通路等多种途径, 治疗脑缺血再灌注损伤, 以期优化成分, 再创新发现药物单体或靶点。
作者贡献: 曹卢园、郑小小负责建立小鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤模型, 完成相关实验并撰写论文; 尹安康负责数据的收集和分析; 赵琴琴、葛淑瑜负责图表的绘制; 王宏伟提供研究思路, 指导论文。
利益冲突: 全体作者声明本研究内容无任何利益冲突。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(82174132)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(82374293)
  • 浙江省医药卫生科技计划项目(2022PY044)
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0626
  • 接收时间:2024-07-04
  • 首发时间:2025-11-06
  • 出版时间:2025-03-12
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-04
  • 修回日期:2024-09-19
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(82174132)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(82374293)
浙江省医药卫生科技计划项目(2022PY044)
作者信息
    1.杭州医学院, 基础医学与法医学院, 浙江 杭州 310013
    2.浙江省中医药研究院, 中西医结合肿瘤研究所, 浙江 杭州 310012
    3.浙江中医药大学, 医学技术与信息工程学院, 浙江 杭州 310053
    4.浙江省立同德医院, 浙江 杭州 310012

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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