Article(id=1199782974167285785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1199782966441378761, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0576, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1718726400000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-19, revisedDate=1726761600000, revisedDateStr=2024-09-20, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763980151931, onlineDateStr=2025-11-24, pubDate=1733932800000, pubDateStr=2024-12-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763980151931, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763980151931, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763980151931, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1199782966441378761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2024', volume='59', issue='12', pageStart='3179', pageEnd='3412', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763980150088, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764224975369, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200809838151324146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1199782966441378761, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200809838151324147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1199782966441378761, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3367, endPage=3373, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1199782975584960547, articleId=1199782974167285785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=The research of a SEC-UV-RI method to determine the modifiction degree of PEG-rhGH, columnId=null, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

According to the requirements of the regulatory authorities, degree of modification (DP) should be included in the characterisation of the PEGylated protein drug substance, and is one of the critical quality attributes for quality control. In this study, based on the fundamental assumption that the refractive index (RI) signal and the ultraviolet (UV) signal of PEGylated protein are equal to the sum of the corresponding signal produced by the polyethylene glycol (PEG) and protein parts of the conjugates in their uncoupled state, we developed a method to determine the DP of PEGylated recombinant human growth hormone (inpegsomatropin). In this method, 20 μL of 1 mg·mL-1 human growth hormone (hGH) standard, 2 mg·mL-1 PEG reference substance and 1 mg·mL-1 drug substance solution were each injected to size exclusion chromatographic (SEC) column for separation, detected with ultraviolet and refractive index (UV-RI) detectors in series. Finally, the DP was calculated as the formula derived from the fundamental assumption. The developed SEC-UV-RI method showed good specificity, repeatability (RSD = 0.63%, n = 9) and accuracy, with a recovery of 100.0%, compared with the result obtained from the simultaneously established classical acid hydrolysis method, demonstrating pretty handleability and accessibility, and is appropriate for quality control test of DP for this drug substance.

, correspAuthors=Cheng-gang LIANG, Jing LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yi LI, Xiao-ming ZHANG, Xin-yue HU, Yue SUN, Lü-yin WANG, Du-yu CHEN, Ping LÜ, Cheng-gang LIANG, Jing LI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1199782976218300470, articleId=1199782974167285785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=双检测器串联测定聚乙二醇化人生长激素平均修饰率方法研究, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

按照各监管机构的要求, 聚乙二醇(PEG) 平均修饰率是PEG化蛋白类药物表征与质量控制中的关键属性。本研究基于“PEG化蛋白的示差信号及紫外信号等于该偶联蛋白中PEG和蛋白部分各自处于未偶联状态单独存在时所产生相应信号之和”的基本假设, 通过进样20 μL的1 mg·mL-1人生长激素(hGH) 对照品、2 mg·mL-1 PEG对照品和1 mg·mL-1 PEG化hGH原液样品, 经分子排阻色谱柱分离, 测定各溶液在紫外和示差检测器下产生的信号, 按照推导的公式计算, 成功建立了基于分子排阻色谱紫外示差双检测器串联技术的PEG化hGH (怡培生长激素) 平均修饰率测定方法, 该法专属性良好, 重复性良好(RSD = 0.63%, n = 9), 与同时建立的经典酸水解法结果比较, 回收率为100.0%, 准确性良好。该法操作简单, 可及性好, 适用于本品PEG平均修饰率质量控制检测。

, correspAuthors=梁成罡, 李晶, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*梁成罡, E-mail: ;
李晶, E-mail:
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双检测器串联测定聚乙二醇化人生长激素平均修饰率方法研究
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李懿 , 张孝明 , 胡馨月 , 孙悦 , 王绿音 , 陈度宇 , 吕萍 , 梁成罡 * , 李晶 *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2024,59(12): 3367-3373
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2024, 59(12): 3367-3373
双检测器串联测定聚乙二醇化人生长激素平均修饰率方法研究
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李懿, 张孝明, 胡馨月, 孙悦, 王绿音, 陈度宇, 吕萍, 梁成罡* , 李晶*
作者信息
  • 中国食品药品检定研究院激素室, 药品监管科学全国重点实验室, 国家药品监督管理局生物制品质量研究与评价重点实验室, 国家卫生健康委生物技术产品检定方法及其标准化重点实验室, 北京 102629

通讯作者:

*梁成罡, E-mail: ;
李晶, E-mail:
The research of a SEC-UV-RI method to determine the modifiction degree of PEG-rhGH
Yi LI, Xiao-ming ZHANG, Xin-yue HU, Yue SUN, Lü-yin WANG, Du-yu CHEN, Ping LÜ, Cheng-gang LIANG* , Jing LI*
Affiliations
  • Division of Hormone in National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, State Key Laboratory of Drug Regulatory Science, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Beijing 102629, China
出版时间: 2024-12-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0576
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按照各监管机构的要求, 聚乙二醇(PEG) 平均修饰率是PEG化蛋白类药物表征与质量控制中的关键属性。本研究基于“PEG化蛋白的示差信号及紫外信号等于该偶联蛋白中PEG和蛋白部分各自处于未偶联状态单独存在时所产生相应信号之和”的基本假设, 通过进样20 μL的1 mg·mL-1人生长激素(hGH) 对照品、2 mg·mL-1 PEG对照品和1 mg·mL-1 PEG化hGH原液样品, 经分子排阻色谱柱分离, 测定各溶液在紫外和示差检测器下产生的信号, 按照推导的公式计算, 成功建立了基于分子排阻色谱紫外示差双检测器串联技术的PEG化hGH (怡培生长激素) 平均修饰率测定方法, 该法专属性良好, 重复性良好(RSD = 0.63%, n = 9), 与同时建立的经典酸水解法结果比较, 回收率为100.0%, 准确性良好。该法操作简单, 可及性好, 适用于本品PEG平均修饰率质量控制检测。

分子排阻色谱  /  紫外示差串联检测  /  聚乙二醇化  /  人生长激素  /  平均修饰率

According to the requirements of the regulatory authorities, degree of modification (DP) should be included in the characterisation of the PEGylated protein drug substance, and is one of the critical quality attributes for quality control. In this study, based on the fundamental assumption that the refractive index (RI) signal and the ultraviolet (UV) signal of PEGylated protein are equal to the sum of the corresponding signal produced by the polyethylene glycol (PEG) and protein parts of the conjugates in their uncoupled state, we developed a method to determine the DP of PEGylated recombinant human growth hormone (inpegsomatropin). In this method, 20 μL of 1 mg·mL-1 human growth hormone (hGH) standard, 2 mg·mL-1 PEG reference substance and 1 mg·mL-1 drug substance solution were each injected to size exclusion chromatographic (SEC) column for separation, detected with ultraviolet and refractive index (UV-RI) detectors in series. Finally, the DP was calculated as the formula derived from the fundamental assumption. The developed SEC-UV-RI method showed good specificity, repeatability (RSD = 0.63%, n = 9) and accuracy, with a recovery of 100.0%, compared with the result obtained from the simultaneously established classical acid hydrolysis method, demonstrating pretty handleability and accessibility, and is appropriate for quality control test of DP for this drug substance.

size exclusion chromatograph  /  ultraviolet and refractive index detection in series  /  PEGylation  /  growth hormone  /  average degree of modification
李懿, 张孝明, 胡馨月, 孙悦, 王绿音, 陈度宇, 吕萍, 梁成罡, 李晶. 双检测器串联测定聚乙二醇化人生长激素平均修饰率方法研究. 药学学报, 2024 , 59 (12) : 3367 -3373 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0576
Yi LI, Xiao-ming ZHANG, Xin-yue HU, Yue SUN, Lü-yin WANG, Du-yu CHEN, Ping LÜ, Cheng-gang LIANG, Jing LI. The research of a SEC-UV-RI method to determine the modifiction degree of PEG-rhGH[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2024 , 59 (12) : 3367 -3373 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0576
1985年, 美国FDA首次批准重组人生长激素(rhGH) 用于治疗儿童生长激素缺乏症, 时至今日, rhGH已被用于各种hGH缺乏或非hGH缺乏所导致的矮小症及各种代谢疾病的治疗[1, 2]。随着生物制药技术的发展, 为获得更好的治疗效果, 开发长效hGH类似物, 减少注射次数, 提高治疗依从性, 已成为行业共识[3]。聚乙二醇(PEG) 化修饰是一种目前普遍使用的长效化技术手段, hGH经PEG化(PEG-GH) 后可以增加蛋白质稳定性, 降低非特异性吸收和抗原性, 降低肾清除率并延长体内清除半衰期[4-6]。在全球范围内, 已上市的PEG-GH包括金培生长激素和隆培促生长素, 后者及另一国产品种怡培生长激素在我国尚处于上市申报阶段。三个品种均是通过hGH序列上游离的氨基与不同类型的分子质量约为40 kDa的分枝型PEG进行共价偶联[7, 8]。由于hGH序列上包含有1个N末端和9个赖氨酸残基的游离氨基, 各品种在生产工艺中得到的产物实际上是包含了不同修饰程度(PEG修饰数目及位点) PEG-GH的混合物。
对于PEG化蛋白类药物而言, 不同的修饰数目及修饰位点将会导致各异构体具有不同的物理化学属性[9], 进而影响其药效与药代动力学性质[10-12]。理想状况下, PEG化药物的主要活性成分应为具有明确修饰数目和位点的均一成分[13], 但现实是目前大多数获批及在研的PEG化蛋白药物都是由不同修饰程度异构体组成的混合物[14]。以混合物作为治疗性药物的主要活性成分, 必须依赖于可控的偶联与纯化工艺, 以实现每一批次各异构体按照预期的比例混合[15]。由此, PEG化蛋白类药物的质量控制体系包含了一系列特有的关键质量属性, 其中包括PEG平均修饰率[16]。欧洲药品评价局(EMEA) 于2003年发布的首个关于PEG化蛋白药物的官方指南中指出, 为了保证蛋白偶联药物成分的一致性, 制药公司在对原料药进行表征时应包括修饰度, 而放行标准中必须包含聚合物与蛋白的摩尔比[17]。中国药典(2020年版)“人用聚乙二醇化重组蛋白及多肽制品总论”中也要求在理化特性分析和原液检定中设置平均修饰率项目[18]
按照总论的定义, 平均修饰率是指“重组原型蛋白或多肽中已发生修饰的基团占全部可被修饰基团的百分比例”, 虽然与EMEA指南中的定义略有不同, 但其核心均是测定修饰产物中偶联上的PEG与蛋白质部分之间的摩尔比。截至目前, 各国药典及各官方技术指南尚无关于PEG化修饰蛋白药物平均修饰率检测的技术指导原则。而文献中报道的检测方法较多, 大致可分为间接测定法和直接测定法。间接测定法中的TNBS法[19, 20]和荧光胺法[21, 22]并不直接测定偶联至蛋白部分的PEG含量, 而是通过测定样品中自由氨基的占比间接推断平均修饰率, 非PEG偶联所致的自由氨基减少将会影响此类方法测定结果的准确性。此外, 该法需要能够准确测定修饰前后样品蛋白含量的方法配合才能实现平均修饰率的测定[19]。直接测定法可进一步细分为相对定量法和绝对定量法。Bullock等[19]报道的毛细管电泳法(CE) 和MALDI-MS法并不要求对样品中的PEG和蛋白部分进行绝对定量, 而是将含有不同修饰数目的异构体分离, 通过得到各峰峰面积百分比及所对应的修饰数目计算得到平均修饰率。两种方法均简单快速, 能够独立测定平均修饰率。但CE法在前期方法建立过程中需要采取复杂的手段建立含有明确修饰数目异构体的对照品用于峰归属, 此外各异构体峰往往难以达到基线分离, 这导致各峰峰面积百分比只是对组分相对含量的一个粗略估计, 进而影响平均修饰率测定结果的可靠性。MALDI-MS法则通过分子量大小可以推断出各峰的修饰数目, 且通常可以实现基线分离。但难以接受的信噪比, 多电荷离子的产生, 各异构体在解吸附、离子化、检测效率上的差异及昂贵的设备限制了该法在药品质量控制放行检验中的应用[23]。绝对定量法则需要依赖外部对照品准确获得样品中PEG和蛋白部分的含量, 进而计算得到平均修饰率。该类方法包括酸水解排阻色谱法[24]、碱水解凝胶过滤色谱法[19]、硫氰铁铵双相萃取分光光度法[25, 26]、傅里叶变换红外光谱法[19]、拉曼光谱法[19]、核磁定量法[27]、高效液相蒸发光散射法[28]及排阻色谱紫外示差双检测器串联法(SEC-UV-RI)[24]
而关于PEG-GH平均修饰率测定方法的报道较为罕见, 仅见Li等于2011年和2014年分别报道建立的PEG-GH平均修饰率TNBS[20]和荧光胺[21]测定法。这两种方法均需对样品进行化学衍生, 操作较为繁琐, 测定结果易受衍生时pH、温度、时间等因素的影响而发生较大变异。为了更好地检测和控制这一关键质量属性, 亟待开发建立更为精密准确可靠的PEG-GH平均修饰率测定方法。
Kunitani等[24]以自制的线性PEG (相对分子质量约为6 000) 修饰蛋白(PEG-ribonuclease、PEG-myoglobin、PEG-IgG) 为研究对象, 建立了基于SEC-UV-RI串联法的PEG蛋白质量组成测定法。该法的基本假设是PEG化蛋白的RI信号及UV信号等于该偶联蛋白中PEG和蛋白部分各自处于未偶联状态单独存在时所产生的相应信号之和。基于该假设, 通过使用相应的PEG和蛋白标准品建立UV或RI响应信号与进样量之间的校准曲线关系, 便可推导出相应公式计算样品中PEG和蛋白部分的质量。Williams等[29]将该法应用于PEG尿酸酶的检测, Sherman等[30]采用该法确认偶联了6个10 kDa PEG链的尿酸酶具有最优的药学性质。Sherman等[31]为了探究甲氧基PEG修饰蛋白中甲氧基团的免疫原性, 还应用该法检测了所制备的各种PEG修饰蛋白, 每个蛋白上PEG修饰数目分布在1~22个之间。Zhang等[32]采用该法建立了PEG化重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子的平均修饰率测定方法, 并进行了方法学验证, 但缺少对准确度的验证。
本研究基于Kunitani等提出的假设, 以修饰物为40 kDa分枝型PEG的怡培生长激素为研究对象, 建立了基于SEC-UV-RI测定其平均修饰率的分析方法, 同时还建立了基于酸水解分子排阻示差检测技术测定其PEG含量的分析方法(简称酸水解法)。通过对两种方法测定结果的比较, 评估所建方法的准确性。
仪器  高效液相色谱仪(LC-20AD XR)、紫外检测器(SPD-20A)、示差检测器(RID-20A), 日本岛津公司; 离心浓缩仪(SPD131DDA, 赛默飞世尔公司); 十万分之一电子天平(ME155DU, 梅特勒公司)。
试药  人生长激素单体二聚体国家对照品(批号: 140636-201804)、人生长激素国家标准物质(批号: 140635-202206, 0.98 mg/支) 由中国食品药品检定研究院提供; 聚乙二醇对照品(批号: CRS-313-1.0, 含量: 98.9%)、人生长激素原液(批号: CS20230206H, 浓度: 7.54 mg·mL-1)、怡培生长激素原液(批号: CS20230215M, 浓度: 11.14 mg·mL-1)、多PEG修饰怡培生长激素原液(批号: 20190530, 浓度: 2 mg·mL-1) 由厦门特宝生物工程股份有限公司提供。
SEC-UV-RI法
色谱条件  SEC部分基于文献[33]报道, 参数如下: TSKgel G3000SWXL色谱柱(300 mm × 7.8 mm, 粒径5 μm, 孔径250 Å), 流动相: 含0.25%三乙胺的0.05 mol·L-1磷酸氢二钠-磷酸二氢钠溶液(pH 7.0), 流速0.6 mL·min-1, 洗脱时间30 min, 柱温为室温, 样品盘温度为6 ℃, 进样体积为20 μL。紫外检测波长为280 nm[24]。示差检测器样品池温度为40 ℃。
系统适用性考察  取一支hGH单体二聚体国家对照品, 用流动相溶解制成质量浓度为1.0 mg·mL-1的溶液, 进样分析。
hGH校准曲线的建立  取hGH国家标准物质, 用流动相溶解制成质量浓度为2.0 mg·mL-1的溶液, 并继续用流动相分别稀释制成质量浓度为1.5、1.0、0.5、0.2、0.1 mg·mL-1的溶液, 进样分析。
聚乙二醇校准曲线的建立  取PEG对照品, 用流动相溶解制成质量浓度为4.0 mg·mL-1的溶液, 并继续用流动相分别稀释制成质量浓度为3、2、1、0.5、0.1 mg·mL-1的溶液, 进样分析。
怡培生长激素原液平均修饰率测定  取怡培生长激素原液, 用流动相稀释至hGH蛋白部分浓度约为0.8、1.0、1.2 mg·mL-1的溶液, 进样分析。对图谱中hGH峰及其之前的色谱峰进行积分。
原液供试品所得UV信号峰面积总和记为U′, RI信号峰面积总和记为R′; h$ \mathrm{G}\mathrm{H} $对照品溶液中hGH浓度记为CGH, 主峰UV峰面积记为UGH, RI峰面积记为RGH; PEG对照品溶液中PEG浓度记为CPEG, 主峰RI峰面积记为RPEG
依据上述基本假设及结果1.2、1.3部分所得结论, 可推导得到原液中PEG部分(记为mPEG) 与GH部分(记为mGH) 的质量比计算公式(式1)。
$\begin{array}{c}m_{\rm PEG} / m_{\rm GH} = (R^′ × U_{\rm GH} - U^′ × R_{\rm GH}) × C_{\rm PEG} / ( R_{\rm PEG} × \\U^′ × C_{\rm GH}) \end{array} $
两部分摩尔比公式(式2) 如下:
$ 摩尔比 = ( m_{\rm PEG} / m_{\rm GH} ) / ( M_{\rm PEG} / M_{\rm GH} ) $
式2中, MPEG为PEG数均相对分子质量, MGH为GH相对分子质量。
$ 平均修饰率 (\%) = 摩尔比 / N × 100\% $
式3中, N为怡培生长激素蛋白部分理论上可被PEG修饰的位点数目, 此处为10。
在推导过程中还可以得到原液供试品中hGH部分的浓度(式4):
$ C_{\rm GH}^′ = U^′ / U_{\rm GH} × C_{\rm GH } $
重复性考察  以“怡培生长激素原液平均修饰率测定”部分所得结果, 计算质量比和平均修饰率的平均值及相对标准偏差(RSD), 考察方法重复性。
专属性考察  进样原液辅料缓冲溶液、流动相。
酸水解法
色谱条件  同“SEC-UV-RI法”色谱条件。
考察水解时间对聚乙二醇回收率的影响  为模拟不同修饰程度样品, 以4.0 mg·mL-1 PEG对照品、5 mg·mL-1 GH水溶液、PEG-GH原液缓冲液和7.5 mol·L-1的盐酸配制含有0.5 mg·mL-1 GH, 0.5 mg·mL-1 (或1.0、1.6 mg·mL-1) PEG、3 mol·L-1盐酸的模拟水解样品溶液, 在85 ℃下, 分别反应0、1.5、3、4.5、6 h, 离心浓缩干燥, 精确加入200 μL水复溶, 进样分析。获得PEG组分(20 kDa单枝型和/或40 kDa分枝型) RI峰面积总和, 以2 mg·mL-1 PEG对照品溶液为对照, 单点外标测定模拟水解样品中PEG含量。
考察水解时间与蛋白部分消除程度的关系  取怡培生长激素原液或多PEG修饰怡培生长激素原液, 用流动相稀释至hGH蛋白部分浓度约为1.0 mg·mL-1, 分别取200 μL与6 mol·L-1的盐酸等体积混合, 85 ℃反应0、1.5、3、4.5、6 h或0、5 h, 离心浓缩干燥, 精确加入200 μL水复溶, 进样分析。
PEG部分浓度测定及重复性考察  取怡培生长激素原液, 用流动相稀释至hGH蛋白部分浓度约为0.8、1.0、1.2 mg·mL-1, 取200 μL与6 mol·L-1盐酸等体积混合, 85 ℃反应5 h, 每个浓度制备3份, 共9份, 进样分析。同前文所述计算样品中PEG浓度, 以中间浓度样品(约1.0 mg·mL-1) 作为基准进行浓度校正, 得到另外两个浓度样品的PEG校正浓度, 计算9份校正浓度均值和RSD, 考察酸水解法的重复性。
UV图谱中二聚体与GH单体之间的分离度为2.1, 示差图谱中相应分离度为2.0, 均达到基线分离, 表明在该色谱分析条件下, hGH二聚体或寡聚体不会干扰以hGH国家标准物质主峰峰面积为对照, 进行精确的外标法定量。
以hGH浓度为横坐标, UV或RI色谱图中主峰峰面积为纵坐标, 对所得散点进行线性回归, 所得回归方程分别为y = 811 761x - 10 106 (R² = 0.999 8), y = 374 177x - 10 069 (R²=0.999 4)。两条校准曲线的线性拟合优度良好(决定系数R²均大于0.999), 且基本过零点(截距与1 mg·mL-1浓度峰面积回归值的比值分别为1.3%和2.8%)。表明最终建立的SEC-UV-RI法采用1 mg·mL-1浓度的hGH对照品溶液, 以UV和RI单点外标法进行hGH含量测定。
以PEG浓度为横坐标, 主峰面积为纵坐标, 对所得散点进行线性回归。UV检测结果所得回归方程为y = 1 189.2x + 1 692.7 (R² = 0.934 3), 较差的线性关系是由于PEG对照品在280 nm下紫外吸收能力非常弱, 同为1 mg·mL-1, hGH峰面积是PEG的278倍, 因此怡培生长激素产生的280 nm紫外信号基本归属于hGH蛋白部分。RI检测结果所得回归方程为y = 275 872x + 1 006 (R² = 1.000 0), 线性拟合优度良好, 且基本过零点。表明最终建立的SEC-UV-RI法可采用2 mg·mL-1浓度的PEG对照品溶液, 以RI单点外标法进行PEG含量测定。
见重复性考察部分。
质量比为1.669~1.698 (均值为1.683, RSD = 0.63%, n = 9), 平均修饰率为9.76%~9.92% (均值为9.84%, RSD = 0.63%, n = 9)。
比较原液供试品溶液、原液辅料缓冲溶液、流动相、PEG对照品溶液所得色谱图。结果显示原液辅料缓冲溶液、流动相不会干扰检测; 虽然PEG的保留时间与PEG-GH主峰重合, 但正如1.3中所述, 游离PEG所能产生的UV信号与怡培人生长激素相比十分微小, 可以忽略; 而PEG的RI信号相对较强, 但对于质量控制而言, 如果质量标准已采用其他方法对游离PEG进行控制, 且其含量相对于偶联状态的PEG可以忽略时, 则无需考虑该干扰。根据质量标准要求, 本研究所用怡培生长激素原液游离PEG应小于5 μg/100 μg; 顶格计算, 游离PEG的存在会使平均修饰率结果大约偏高0.03%, 可以忽略不计。
图 1为模拟中等修饰程度样品不同水解时间所得UV和RI色谱图叠图。
可以看到GH蛋白的UV和RI信号峰水解1.5 h后基本消失。而RI图谱中, 约10.6 min处的PEG峰信号随着水解时间的延长, 逐渐下降, 12.4 min处, 一个新的峰逐渐增大。该变化是由于原本10.6 min出峰的40 kDa分枝型聚乙二醇裂解成了12.4 min处出峰的20 kDa单链PEG。水解4.5 h后, 10.6 min的峰基本消失。统计不同水解时间, 10.6和12.4 min处PEG相关峰RI信号总面积, 三种模拟修饰程度的样品PEG相关峰总面积基本不随水解时间变化。以水解4.5 h的结果计算回收率, 低中高修饰程度的模拟样品分别为100.6%、100.6%、102.0%。以上结果说明在水解0~6 h内, 模拟样品中的PEG含量均可以准确回收。
随着水解时间的增加, 类似于图 1, 原液样品所得UV色谱图中PEG-GH峰逐渐消失, 高分子区域和低分子区域均会产生一些降解产物峰, 但最终小于GH保留时间的高分子区域所有色谱峰消失, 只在约17 min后小分子出峰区域剩余一些降解产物峰; 而RI色谱图中PEG-GH峰逐渐消失, 在其周围会生成一些降解产物峰, 包括在约12.4 min处生成2.1中所推断的20 kDa单链PEG峰。统计PEG相关峰UV和RI总峰面积, 结果显示水解至4.5 h后, 与PEG相关峰的UV信号基本消失殆尽, 而RI信号在水解0~6 h内基本稳定。这说明水解4.5 h后, 原液样品中水解得到的游离PEG基本不含残留的氨基酸序列。多PEG修饰GH同法水解0、5 h, 与PEG相关峰UV信号由853 579下降至23 621, 下降97%, 说明对于多PEG修饰GH, 水解5 h也基本上可以消除PEG上残留的氨基酸序列。结合2.1部分的结果, 酸水解时间可确定为5 h。
以中间浓度样品(约1.0 mg·mL-1) 作为基准进行浓度校正, 9份样品PEG校正浓度均值为1.849 mg·mL-1, RSD = 0.980%。重复性良好。
0.8、1.0、1.2 mg·mL-1原液样品溶液中hGH蛋白浓度按照公式4计算, 即可求得, 将2.3中测定的各溶液PEG浓度除以hGH蛋白浓度, 得到酸水解法PEG与GH部分质量比, 均值为1.684, RSD = 1.11% (n = 9)。与1.5中所得结果(1.683) 比对, 完全吻合; SEC-UV-RI法的精密度要好于酸水解法(0.63% vs 1.11%)。比对结果表明, 本研究建立的两种正交方法均可以准确测定怡培生长激素中PEG与GH部分的质量比。
参照Kunitani的方法, 本研究使用的检测波长为280 nm, 原因是该波长下, PEG-GH中PEG部分被认为无响应, 所产生的UV信号可以全部归结于hGH蛋白部分。但通过对其测定思路的分析可知, 只要PEG部分产生的UV信号相对于hGH蛋白部分可以忽略不计, 即可选择其他合适的波长进行测定。而中国药典各论中注射用人生长激素含量测定及怡培人生长激素注册标准中主成分含量测定方法均采用214 nm波长。为此, 本研究同时采用214 nm波长进行了测定。该波长下2 mg·mL-1 PEG对照品峰面积与1 mg·mL-1 GH峰面积的比值为1.6%, 280 nm波长下该比值为0.6%, 两个波长下, PEG部分产生的UV信号均可忽略不计。若以214 nm测定, 低中高3个浓度样品9次进样所得质量比均值为1.645 (RSD = 0.83%), 平均修饰率均值为9.62%, 与280 nm下测定结果十分接近, 对于质量控制放行检验而言, 可以选择214 nm, 使得其含量测定、高分子蛋白质测定和平均修饰率测定统一为一套方法。
本研究对象怡培人生长激素中PEG部分结构虽然比Kunitani研究中所选用的PEG要复杂很多, 但紫外吸收能力依然很弱, 可以采用较为直接和简单的方式推导出计算公式。然而, 随着PEG修饰技术的发展, 修饰物中可能包含更多具有紫外吸收的官能团, 例如2021年FDA批准上市的隆培促生长素。尝试建立该类药物的SEC-UV-RI法平均修饰率测定法时, 则不能忽略PEG修饰物部分产生的UV信号, 需要重新推导更具普适性的计算公式。
更为复杂的PEG修饰物结构同样会给酸水解法测定PEG带来新的挑战。Kunitani研究中PEG分子量仅6 kDa, 且为单链。而怡培生长激素使用分子量约为40 kDa的分枝型PEG作为修饰物, 其含有2条大小基本相同的PEG链, 这两条链通过酰胺键连接, 酸水解后会发生断裂, 因而在采用SEC-RI分析酸水解样品时不可轻率地采用结构完整的PEG对照品对游离出的PEG (包括完整和断裂的PEG组分) 进行校正定量。此外, 酸水解条件如不能充分消除偶联在PEG上的蛋白, 残留氨基酸产生的RI信号将会干扰PEG的定量。本研究通过设计“考察水解时间对聚乙二醇回收率的影响”和“考察水解时间与蛋白部分消除程度的关系”两个部分的实验, 证实了怡培生长激素酸水解后游离出的断裂PEG仍可通过PEG对照品进行校正定量, 且建立的酸水解法可完全去除蛋白部分, 得到准确的PEG含量。金培生长激素中连接GH蛋白和两条20 kDa PEG链的连接子与怡培生长激素相似, 理论上可以采用相同的酸水解法进行测定。而隆培促生长素或其他未上市在研的PEG-GH则需要根据其结构具体分析, 如果PEG修饰物部分结构复杂, 易受酸水解破坏, 产生多种产物, 则可能会影响酸水解法测定的回收率。
本研究所建立的两个方法, 试验部分所能测定得到的是两部分的质量比。若要获得最后的平均修饰率, 则还需要已知GH部分的分子量和PEG部分的数均分子量, 以及理论修饰位点数目。已经参与偶联的PEG的数均分子量一般难以获取, 如果要对具体批次原料样品进行精确的平均修饰率测定, 通常使用生产时对应批次的PEG原料的数均分子量进行计算。不过对于质量控制而言, 可以选择一个适宜的分子量数值固定在计算公式中。这样该检测将包含对偶联上的PEG部分数均分子量大小变异的控制。
综上, 本研究首次成功建立了基于SEC-UV-RI的怡培人生长激素原料药平均修饰率测定方法, 方法的专属性和精密度良好。为考察准确性, 本研究还建立一套经典的基于酸水解分子排阻示差检测技术的正交方法。两种方法所得结果一致性良好, 互相印证了各自的准确性。本研究所建立的SEC-UV-RI法, 操作简单, 无需繁琐的样品前处理及大量的进样测试, 且可与注册标准中含量、高分子蛋白质测定方法合并, 一次试验即可进行3项关键质量属性的检验。该法的建立过程为其他类似PEG化蛋白药物平均修饰率的测定奠定了良好的基础, 有力支持了此类产品质量控制和官方监管要求的落实。
作者贡献: 李懿负责实验工作、数据处理及文章撰写、修改; 张孝明、胡馨月负责写作指导; 孙悦、吕萍负责对文章的修改提供建议; 王绿音、陈度宇负责图表的整理制作; 梁成罡、李晶负责选题和文章修改。
利益冲突: 没有任何利益冲突。
  • 国家药典委员会药品标准制修订研究课题(2023S002)
  • 国家重点研发计划(2021YFF0600804)
  • 中国食品药品检定研究院化药所重点实验室学科建设基金(2024HYZX24)
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2024年第59卷第12期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0576
  • 接收时间:2024-06-19
  • 首发时间:2025-11-24
  • 出版时间:2024-12-12
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-19
  • 修回日期:2024-09-20
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国家药典委员会药品标准制修订研究课题(2023S002)
国家重点研发计划(2021YFF0600804)
中国食品药品检定研究院化药所重点实验室学科建设基金(2024HYZX24)
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    中国食品药品检定研究院激素室, 药品监管科学全国重点实验室, 国家药品监督管理局生物制品质量研究与评价重点实验室, 国家卫生健康委生物技术产品检定方法及其标准化重点实验室, 北京 102629

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*梁成罡, E-mail: ;
李晶, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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