Article(id=1199783107244163111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1199783099115598386, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0549, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1718035200000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-11, revisedDate=1720368000000, revisedDateStr=2024-07-08, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763980183659, onlineDateStr=2025-11-24, pubDate=1731340800000, pubDateStr=2024-11-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763980183659, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763980183659, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763980183659, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1199783099115598386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2024', volume='59', issue='11', pageStart='2897', pageEnd='3178', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763980181720, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764225007568, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200809973203726680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1199783099115598386, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200809973203726681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1199783099115598386, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3135, endPage=3140, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1199783107567124530, articleId=1199783107244163111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Chemical consitituents and hypoglycemic activity of Sophora tonkinensis, columnId=null, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Eleven compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of the 95% aqueous ethanol extract of the roots of Sophora tonkinensis by silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and semi-preparative RP-HPLC. Their structures were identified as 7-hydroxy-8-isopentenylchromone (1), furo[2, 3-f]-1, 3-benzodioxole-7-carboxylic acid (2), 6-[3-(2′, 4′-dihydroxyphenyl)acryloyl]-7-hydroxy-2, 2-dimethyl-8-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-2H-benzopyran (3), flemichapparin B (4), tectorigenin (5), genistein (6), 6-hydroxy-1, 3-benzodioxole-5-carboxylic acid (7), vanillic acid (8), protocatechuic acid (9), 2, 4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (10), and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (11) through extensive spectroscopic data (IR, UV, HR-ESI-MS, and NMR spectra). Among them, compounds 1 and 2 were new compounds. In addition, compound 3 showed significant α-glucosidase and protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B (PTP1B) inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 5.595 and 0.320 μmol·L-1, respectively.

, correspAuthors=Xu ZHANG, Pei-cheng ZHANG, Guo-cheng WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xiao-yun YAN, Ling-feng QIN, Rui ZHANG, Ya-nan YANG, Jin-ying TIAN, Fei YE, Xu ZHANG, Pei-cheng ZHANG, Guo-cheng WANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1199783108846387330, articleId=1199783107244163111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=山豆根化学成分及降糖活性研究, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

采用硅胶、ODS、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱和半制备HPLC对山豆根95%乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯部位进行分离纯化, 得到11个化合物, 根据理化性质并结合UV、IR、HR-ESI-MS和NMR等波谱技术分别鉴定为7-hydroxy-8-isopentenylchromone (1)、furo[2, 3-f]-1, 3-benzodioxole-7-carboxylic acid (2)、6-[3-(2′, 4′-dihydroxyphenyl)acryloyl]-7-hydroxy-2, 2-dimethyl-8-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-2H-benzopyran (3)、flemichapparin B (4)、鸢尾苷元(5)、染料木素(6)、6-hydroxy-1, 3-benzodioxole-5-carboxylic acid (7)、香草酸(8)、原儿茶酸(9)、2, 4-二羟基苯甲酸(10)和对羟基苯甲酸(11)。其中, 化合物12为新化合物。药理活性研究表明, 化合物3α-葡萄糖苷酶和蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶1B (PTP1B) 均表现出显著的抑制活性, IC50值分别为5.595和0.320 μmol·L-1

, correspAuthors=张旭, 张培成, 王国成, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*张旭, Tel: 86-10-63165231, E-mail: ;
张培成, E-mail: ;
王国成, E-mail:
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No. 1 2
δΗ δC δΗ δC
1
2 8.20, d (6.0) 156.0 6.09, s 101.7
3 6.17, d (6.0) 111.5
4 176.0 145.3
5 7.71, d (8.5) 123.5 7.31, s 99.5
6 6.94, d (8.5) 114.5 118.2
7 161.1 115.2
8 114.9 8.49, s 151.0
9 155.7
10 116.6 150.2
11 3.42, d (7.0) 21.8 7.36, s 94.7
12 5.18, m 121.9 146.5
13 131.3 164.4
14 1.62, s 25.5
15 1.76, s 17.8
), ArticleFig(id=1200375559462179663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783107244163111, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

1H NMR (500 MHz) and 13C NMR (125 MHz) spectroscopic data of compounds 1 and 2 in DMSO-d6 (δ in ppm and J in Hz)

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No. 1 2
δΗ δC δΗ δC
1
2 8.20, d (6.0) 156.0 6.09, s 101.7
3 6.17, d (6.0) 111.5
4 176.0 145.3
5 7.71, d (8.5) 123.5 7.31, s 99.5
6 6.94, d (8.5) 114.5 118.2
7 161.1 115.2
8 114.9 8.49, s 151.0
9 155.7
10 116.6 150.2
11 3.42, d (7.0) 21.8 7.36, s 94.7
12 5.18, m 121.9 146.5
13 131.3 164.4
14 1.62, s 25.5
15 1.76, s 17.8
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山豆根化学成分及降糖活性研究
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闫晓云 1, 2 , 秦凌峰 2 , 张瑞 2 , 杨桠楠 2 , 田金英 2 , 叶菲 2 , 张旭 2, * , 张培成 2, * , 王国成 1, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2024,59(11): 3135-3140
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2024, 59(11): 3135-3140
山豆根化学成分及降糖活性研究
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闫晓云1, 2, 秦凌峰2, 张瑞2, 杨桠楠2, 田金英2, 叶菲2, 张旭2, * , 张培成2, * , 王国成1, *
作者信息
  • 1.内蒙古医科大学药学院, 内蒙古 呼和浩特 010059
  • 2.中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 北京 100050

通讯作者:

*张旭, Tel: 86-10-63165231, E-mail: ;
张培成, E-mail: ;
王国成, E-mail:
Chemical consitituents and hypoglycemic activity of Sophora tonkinensis
Xiao-yun YAN1, 2, Ling-feng QIN2, Rui ZHANG2, Ya-nan YANG2, Jin-ying TIAN2, Fei YE2, Xu ZHANG2, * , Pei-cheng ZHANG2, * , Guo-cheng WANG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010059, China
  • 2. State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
出版时间: 2024-11-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0549
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采用硅胶、ODS、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱和半制备HPLC对山豆根95%乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯部位进行分离纯化, 得到11个化合物, 根据理化性质并结合UV、IR、HR-ESI-MS和NMR等波谱技术分别鉴定为7-hydroxy-8-isopentenylchromone (1)、furo[2, 3-f]-1, 3-benzodioxole-7-carboxylic acid (2)、6-[3-(2′, 4′-dihydroxyphenyl)acryloyl]-7-hydroxy-2, 2-dimethyl-8-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-2H-benzopyran (3)、flemichapparin B (4)、鸢尾苷元(5)、染料木素(6)、6-hydroxy-1, 3-benzodioxole-5-carboxylic acid (7)、香草酸(8)、原儿茶酸(9)、2, 4-二羟基苯甲酸(10)和对羟基苯甲酸(11)。其中, 化合物12为新化合物。药理活性研究表明, 化合物3α-葡萄糖苷酶和蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶1B (PTP1B) 均表现出显著的抑制活性, IC50值分别为5.595和0.320 μmol·L-1

山豆根  /  化学成分  /  色原酮  /  苯并呋喃  /  α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制  /  蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶1B抑制剂

Eleven compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of the 95% aqueous ethanol extract of the roots of Sophora tonkinensis by silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and semi-preparative RP-HPLC. Their structures were identified as 7-hydroxy-8-isopentenylchromone (1), furo[2, 3-f]-1, 3-benzodioxole-7-carboxylic acid (2), 6-[3-(2′, 4′-dihydroxyphenyl)acryloyl]-7-hydroxy-2, 2-dimethyl-8-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-2H-benzopyran (3), flemichapparin B (4), tectorigenin (5), genistein (6), 6-hydroxy-1, 3-benzodioxole-5-carboxylic acid (7), vanillic acid (8), protocatechuic acid (9), 2, 4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (10), and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (11) through extensive spectroscopic data (IR, UV, HR-ESI-MS, and NMR spectra). Among them, compounds 1 and 2 were new compounds. In addition, compound 3 showed significant α-glucosidase and protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B (PTP1B) inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 5.595 and 0.320 μmol·L-1, respectively.

Sophora tonkinensis  /  chemical constituent  /  chromone  /  benzofuran  /  α-glucosidase inhibition  /  protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B inhibition
闫晓云, 秦凌峰, 张瑞, 杨桠楠, 田金英, 叶菲, 张旭, 张培成, 王国成. 山豆根化学成分及降糖活性研究. 药学学报, 2024 , 59 (11) : 3135 -3140 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0549
Xiao-yun YAN, Ling-feng QIN, Rui ZHANG, Ya-nan YANG, Jin-ying TIAN, Fei YE, Xu ZHANG, Pei-cheng ZHANG, Guo-cheng WANG. Chemical consitituents and hypoglycemic activity of Sophora tonkinensis[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2024 , 59 (11) : 3135 -3140 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0549
山豆根为豆科植物越南槐Sophora tonkinensis Gagnep.的干燥根和根茎, 主产于广西、云南、贵州等地。其味苦、性寒, 具有清热解毒、消肿利咽的功效, 临床上主要用于治疗咽炎、扁桃体炎、病毒性肝炎、齿龈肿痛、口舌生疮及肿瘤等疾病[1, 2]。化学成分研究表明, 山豆根含有生物碱、黄酮、三萜及木脂素等多种化学成分, 其中生物碱和黄酮是主要活性成分[2-12]。现代药理学研究表明山豆根表现出抗菌、抗病毒、抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗氧化、保护心血管等多方面的药理活性[2, 12-16]。近年来, 有研究首次报道了山豆根具有良好的降糖活性, 尤其是其所含黄酮类成分可通过促进葡萄糖转运蛋白4 (GLUT4) 转位来提高葡萄糖的摄取, 对治疗2型糖尿病具有潜在的应用价值[17, 18]。因此, 为了进一步探究山豆根中发挥降糖活性的物质基础, 本实验对山豆根95%乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯部位进行了研究, 共分离鉴定了11个化合物(1~11), 结构见图 1, 其中化合物12为新化合物, 分别为色原酮和苯并呋喃类化合物。对分离鉴定的化合物进行降糖活性研究, 结果显示, 化合物3α-葡萄糖苷酶和蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶1B (PTP1B) 均表现出显著的抑制活性, IC50值分别为5.595和0.320 μmol·L-1
化合物1  白色无定形粉末, HR-ESI-MS给出准分子离子峰m/z 231.101 6 [M+H]+, 计算值为231.101 6 [M+H]+, 推测分子式为C14H14O3, 不饱和度为8。红外光谱显示该化合物含有羟基(2 925 cm-1)、羰基(1 636 cm-1)、苯环(1 619、1 594、1 566 cm-1)。1H NMR数据(表 1) 显示一组AB偶合系统的苯环氢信号δH 7.71 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz, H-5) 和6.94 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz, H-6), 两个顺式烯烃氢信号δH 8.20 (1H, d, J = 6.0 Hz, H-2) 和6.17 (1H, d, J = 6.0 Hz, H-3)。13C NMR数据显示与以上结构单元对应的碳信号以及一个羰基碳信号δC 176.0。在化合物1的HMBC谱中(图 2), H-2与C-4/C-9、H-3与C-10、H-5与C-4/C-7以及H-6与C-8/C-10的多组相关信号确定了色原酮的骨架。另外一组氢信号包括一个烯烃氢信号δH 5.18 (1H, m, H-12)、两个甲基氢信号δH 1.62 (3H, s, H-14) 和1.76 (3H, s, H-15)以及一个亚甲基氢信号δH 3.42 (2H, brd, J = 7.0 Hz, H-11) 提示化合物1可能含有一个异戊烯基, 结合H-11与C-13/C-9/C-7以及H-12与C-15/C-14/C-8的多组HMBC关键相关信号确定了异戊烯基的存在且连接在化合物1的8位。综上, 化合物1的化学结构被确定为7-hydroxy-8-isopentenylchromone。
化合物2  白色无定形粉末, HR-ESI-MS给出准分子离子峰m/z 205.014 2 [M-H]-, 计算值为205.014 3 [M-H]-, 推测分子式为C10H6O5, 不饱和度为8, 红外光谱显示该化合物含有α, β-不饱和羰基(1 670 cm-1) 和苯环(1 566和1 465 cm-1)。1H NMR数据(表 1) 显示两个芳香质子信号δH 7.31 (1H, s, H-5) 和7.36 (1H, s, H-11)、一个烯烃质子信号δH 8.49 (1H, s, H-8) 和一组亚甲二氧基质子信号δΗ 6.09 (2H, s, H-2)。13C NMR数据(表 1) 共显示10个碳信号, 分别为一个羧基碳信号δC 164.4、一个亚甲二氧基碳信号δC 101.7、一组烯烃碳信号δC 115.2和151.0, 以及6个芳香碳信号。在化合物2的HMBC谱(图 2) 中, H-8与C-6/C-10、H-5与C-7/C-10/C-12以及H-11与C-4/C-6的多组相关信号确定了苯并呋喃的基本骨架; H-2与C-4/C-12的相关信号确定了亚甲二氧基的位置; H-8与C-10/C-13的关键相关信号说明羧基位于7位。因此, 化合物2的结构被鉴定为furo[2, 3-f]-1, 3-benzodioxole-7-carboxylic acid。
选用α-葡萄糖苷酶和PTP1B酶两种模型考察化合物的体外降糖活性, 结果显示化合物3α-葡萄糖苷酶和PTP1B酶均表现出显著的抑制活性, 抑制率分别为95.0%和97.5%, IC50值分别为5.595和0.320 μmol·L-1
本实验通过对山豆根化学成分的研究, 从中分离鉴定了11个化合物, 包括1个新的色原酮类、1个新的苯并呋喃类、4个黄酮类和5个芳香族类, 提升了山豆根化学成分的多样性。此外, 本实验对分离鉴定的化合物进行了降糖活性筛选, 结果发现具有异戊烯基取代的查尔酮类化合物3α-葡萄糖苷酶和PTP1B酶均表现出显著的抑制活性。查阅文献发现黄酮类化合物5鸢尾苷元和化合物6染料木素均可通过保护胰岛B细胞来改善胰岛素分泌能力, 从而发挥降糖作用[19]。因此, 通过本实验的结果进一步证实了黄酮类化合物可能是山豆根发挥降糖作用的物质基础之一, 有必要继续对山豆根进行系统的化学成分研究, 深入揭示其降糖活性物质基础。
JASCO V-650型紫外分光光度计(日本Jasco公司), Nicolet 5700型红外光谱仪(美国Thermo公司), Thermo-Scientific Q Exactive Focus高分辨质谱仪(美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司), Agilent 1260型高效液相色谱仪(美国Agilent公司), Shimadzu LC-10AT制备型高效液相色谱仪(日本岛津公司), Apollo C18色谱柱(250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) (美国Alltech), Sephadex LH-20葡聚糖凝胶色谱填料(瑞典Pharmacia精细化工), YMC-Pack ODS-A色谱柱(250 mm × 10 mm, 5 μm)、Rp-18型十八烷基键合反相硅胶(50 μm) (日本YMC公司); 硅胶色谱填料(青岛海洋化工厂)。
山豆根药材于2018年6月购于安徽省亳州市, 该植物材料经中国医学科学院药物研究所马林副研究员鉴定为豆科苦参属植物越南槐Sophora tonkinensis Gagnep.的干燥根茎, 标本(No. ID-S-2980) 存于中国医学科学院药物研究所标本室。
山豆根的干燥根茎共50.0 kg, 粉碎后经95%乙醇回流提取3次, 每次2 h, 过滤后收集上清液, 合并3次的提取液, 减压浓缩后得浸膏(约3.0 kg), 浸膏经水分散后, 使用乙酸乙酯萃取, 减压浓缩后得到乙酸乙酯部位239.0 g。乙酸乙酯部位用硅胶柱色谱分离, 依次用石油醚-乙酸乙酯(100∶0→0∶100) 进行梯度洗脱, 得到11个组分(Fr.A~K), 在此过程中有白色固体析出得到化合物4 (5.7 mg)。Fr.I (19.3 g) 用中压ODS柱色谱分离, 依次用甲醇-水(10∶90→100∶0) 梯度洗脱后得到36个组分(Fr.I1~Fr.I36)。Fr.I1 (103.0 mg) 用制备型HPLC纯化(甲醇-水, 35∶65, 0.2%乙酸) 得到化合物9 (2.1 mg) 和11 (60.6 mg)。Fr.I15中有黄色固体析出, 然后用制备型HPLC进行纯化(乙腈-水, 50∶50, 0.2%乙酸) 得到化合物5 (30.0 mg) 和化合物6 (2.5 mg); Fr.I2 (357.0 mg) 用Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱分离(二氯甲烷-甲醇, 2∶1), 得到7个组分(Fr.I2.1~Fr.I2.7)。Fr.I2.4 (95.0 mg) 用制备型HPLC进行纯化(乙腈-水, 15∶85, 0.2%乙酸) 得到化合物8 (15.0 mg)。Fr.I2.5 (80.0 mg) 用制备型HPLC进行纯化(乙腈-水, 10∶90, 0.2%乙酸) 得到化合物10 (22.0 mg)。Fr.I4 (32.5 mg) 直接用制备型HPLC进行纯化(甲醇-水, 45∶55, 0.2%乙酸) 得到化合物7 (3.0 mg)。Fr.I17 (347.0 mg) 用Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱分离(二氯甲烷-甲醇, 2∶1) 得到5个组分(Fr.I17.1~Fr.I17.5)。Fr.I17.4 (162.9 mg) 用制备型HPLC进行纯化(甲醇-水, 55∶45, 0.2%乙酸) 得到化合物2 (4.8 mg)。Fr.I24 (1.0 g) 用Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱进行分离(二氯甲烷-甲醇, 2∶1) 得到4个组分(Fr.I24.1~Fr.I24.4)。Fr.I24.2 (150.0 mg) 用制备型HPLC进行纯化(乙腈-水, 45∶55, 0.2%乙酸) 得到化合物1 (2.4 mg)。Fr.I31 (1.2 g) 用Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱进行分离(二氯甲烷-甲醇, 2∶1) 得到6个组分(Fr.I31.1~Fr.I31.6)。Fr.I31.5 (50 mg) 用制备型HPLC进行纯化(乙腈-水, 75∶25, 0.2%乙酸) 得到化合物3 (2.7 mg)。
化合物1: 白色无定形粉末; UV (MeOH) λmax (log ε): 208 (4.22), 244 (4.16), 250 (4.21), 301 (3.82) nm; IR νmax: 2 925, 1 636, 1 619, 1 594, 1 566, 1 435, 1 413, 1 296, 1 255, 1 060 cm-1; 1H和13C NMR数据见表 1; HR-ESI-MS m/z 231.101 6 [M+H]+ (C14H15O3计算值231.101 6)。
化合物2: 白色无定形粉末; UV (MeOH) λmax (log ε): 206 (4.42), 248 (3.82), 305 (3.95) nm; IR νmax: 1 670, 1 566, 1 465, 1 295, 1 136, 1 081, 1 045 cm-1; 1H NMR和13C NMR数据见表 1; HR-ESI-MS m/z 205.014 2 [M-H]- (C10H5O5计算值205.014 3)。
化合物3: 橙黄色无定形粉末; ESI-MS: m/z 407.2 [M+H]+, 分子式为C25H26O5; 1H NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD) δH: 8.13 (1H, d, J = 15.5 Hz, H-β), 7.70 (1H, d, J = 15.5 Hz, H-α), 7.60 (1H, s, H-6′), 7.56 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz, H-6), 6.41 (1H, d, J = 10.0 Hz, H-1″), 6.35 (1H, d, J = 2.5 Hz, H-3), 6.37 (1H, dd, J = 8.5, 2.5 Hz, H-5), 5.65 (1H, d, J = 10.0 Hz, H-2″), 5.20 (1H, t, J = 7.5 Hz, H-7″), 3.31 (2H, m, H-6″), 1.81 (3H, brs, H-9″), 1.67 (3H, brs, H-10″), 1.44 (6H, s, H-4″, 5″); 13C NMR (125 MHz, CD3OD) δC: 194.4 (C=O), 164.9 (C-2′), 163.0 (C-4), 160.9 (C-2), 158.5 (C-4′), 142.2 (C-β), 132.2 (C-6), 131.9 (C-8″), 129.4 (C-2″), 126.6 (C-6′), 123.4 (C-7″), 122.9 (C-1″), 117.7 (C-3′), 117.4 (C-α), 115.6 (C-1), 115.1 (C-1′), 114.6 (C-5′), 109.1 (C-5), 103.5 (C-3), 78.8 (C-3″), 28.8 (C-4″, 5″), 26.0 (C-10″), 22.3 (C-6″), 18.1 (C-9″)。以上核磁数据与文献[20]报道6-[3-(2′, 4′-dihydroxyphenyl)acryloyl]-7-hydroxy-2, 2-dimethyl-8-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-2H-benzopyran的数据基本一致, 因此确定该化合物为6-[3-(2′, 4′-dihydroxyphenyl)acryloyl]-7-hydroxy-2, 2-dimethyl-8-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-2H-benzopyran。
化合物4: 白色无定形粉末; ESI-MS: m/z 297.1 [M+H]+, 分子式为C17H12O5; 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δH: 7.34 (1H, d, J = 8.0 Hz, H-1), 7.34 (1H, s, H-7), 7.08 (1H, s, H-10), 6.60 (1H, dd, J = 8.0, 2.5 Hz, H-2), 6.56 (1H, d, J = 2.5 Hz, H-4), 6.06 (2H, s, -O-CH2-O-), 5.54 (2H, s, H-6), 3.75 (3H, s, H-OCH3); 13C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d6) δC: 160.6 (C-3), 154.6 (C-4a), 149.8 (C-10a), 146.7 (C-11a), 145.6 (C-9), 144.5 (C-8), 120.7 (C-1), 118.7 (C-6b), 109.2 (C-11b), 107.4 (C-2), 106.9 (C-6a), 102.6 (C-7), 101.5 (-O-CH2-O-), 98.1 (C-10), 94.2 (C-4), 64.9 (C-6), 55.4 (-OCH3)。以上核磁数据与文献[21]报道flemichapparin B的数据基本一致, 因此确定该化合物为flemichapparin B。
化合物5: 黄色无定形粉末; ESI-MS: m/z 299.1 [M-H]-, 分子式为C16H12O6; 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δH: 13.04 (1H, s, 5-OH), 8.29 (1H, s, H-2), 7.36 (2H, d, J = 8.5 Hz, H-2′, 6′), 6.81 (2H, d, J = 8.5 Hz, H-3′, 5′), 6.43 (1H, s, H-8), 3.73 (3H, s, -OCH3); 13C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d6) δC: 180.3 (C-4), 157.4 (C-9, 4′), 153.8 (C-2), 153.1 (C-7), 153.0 (C-5), 131.8 (C-6), 130.2 (C-2′, 6′), 121.7 (C-1′), 121.4 (C-3), 115.1 (C-3′, 5′), 104.2 (C-10), 94.1 (C-8), 59.8 (-OCH3)。以上核磁数据与文献[22]报道tectorigenin的数据基本一致, 因此确定该化合物为鸢尾苷元。
化合物6: 白色无定形粉末; ESI-MS: m/z 271.0 [M+H]+, 分子式为C15H10O5; 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δH: 12.96 (1H, s, 5-OH), 8.32 (1H, s, H-2), 7.37 (2H, d, J = 8.5 Hz, H-2′, 6′), 6.82 (2H, d, J = 8.5 Hz, H-3′, 5′), 6.38 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz, H-8), 6.22 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz, H-6); 13C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d6) δC: 180.2 (C-4), 164.4 (C-7), 162.0 (C-5), 157.6 (C-4′), 157.4 (C-9), 154.0 (C-2), 130.2 (C-2′, 6′), 122.3 (C-1′), 121.2 (C-3), 115.1 (C-3′, 5′), 104.5 (C-10), 99.0 (C-6), 93.7 (C-8)。以上核磁数据与文献[23]报道染料木素的数据基本一致, 因此确定该化合物为染料木素。
化合物7: 白色无定形粉末; ESI-MS: m/z 183.0 [M+H]+, 分子式为C8H6O5; 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δH: 7.14 (1H, s, H-4), 6.57 (1H, s, H-7), 6.04 (2H, s, H-1); 13C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d6) δC: 172.0 (-COOH), 159.7 (C-6), 153.4 (C-2), 140.1 (C-3), 106.9 (C-4), 104.2 (C-5), 101.9 (C-1), 97.9 (C-7)。以上核磁数据与文献[24]报道6-hydroxybenzo-1, 3-dioxole-5-carboxylic acid的数据基本一致, 因此确定该化合物为6-hydroxy-1, 3-benzodioxole-5-carboxylic acid。
化合物8: 白色无定形粉末; ESI-MS: m/z 169.0 [M+H]+, 分子式为C8H8O4; 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δH: 7.56 (1H, d, J = 1.5 Hz, H-2), 7.55 (1H, dd, J = 8.5, 1.5 Hz, H-6), 6.83 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz, H-5), 3.89 (3H, s, -OCH3); 13C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d6) δC: 170.4 (-COOH), 152.5 (C-4), 148.6 (C-3), 125.2 (C-6), 123.6 (C-1), 115.8 (C-2), 113.7 (C-5), 56.3 (-OCH3)。以上核磁数据与文献[25]报道香草酸的数据基本一致, 因此确定该化合物为香草酸。
化合物9: 淡紫色无定形粉末; ESI-MS: m/z 155.0 [M+H]+, 分子式为C7H6O4; 1H NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD) δH: 7.43 (1H, overlap, H-2), 7.41 (1H, overlap, H-6), 6.78 (1H, d, J = 8.0 Hz); 13C NMR (125 MHz, CD3OD) δC: 170.4 (-COOH), 151.2 (C-4), 146.0 (C-3), 124.2 (C-1), 123.8 (C-6), 117.8 (C-2), 115.7 (C-5)。以上核磁数据与文献[26]报道原儿茶酸的数据基本一致, 因此确定该化合物为原儿茶酸。
化合物10: 白色无定形粉末; ESI-MS: m/z 155.0 [M+H]+, 分子式为C7H6O4; 1H NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD) δH: 7.68 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz, H-6), 6.31 (1H, dd, J = 8.5, 2.5 Hz, H-5), 6.27 (1H, d, J = 2.5 Hz, H-3); 13C NMR (125 MHz, CD3OD) δC: 173.7 (-COOH), 165.4 (C-2), 165.3 (C-4), 133.2 (C-6), 108.7 (C-5), 106.1 (C-1), 103.3 (C-3)。以上核磁数据与文献[27]报道2, 4-dihydroxybenzoic acid的数据基本一致, 因此确定该化合物为2, 4-二羟基苯甲酸。
化合物11: 白色无定形粉末; ESI-MS: m/z 139.0 [M+H]+, 分子式为C7H6O3; 1H NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD) δH: 7.88 (2H, d, J = 8.5 Hz, H-2, 6), 6.81 (2H, d, J = 8.5 Hz, H-3, 5); 13C NMR (125 MHz, CD3OD) δC: 170.2 (-COOH), 163.3 (C-4), 133.0 (C-2, 6), 122.8 (C-1), 116.0 (C-3, 5)。以上核磁数据与文献[28]报道对羟基苯甲酸的数据基本一致, 因此确定该化合物为对羟基苯甲酸。
在实验组和空白组分别加入0.1 mol·L-1 PBS缓冲液50和80 μL。各加入样品10 μL, α-葡萄糖苷酶20 μL, 37 ℃恒温摇床中反应5 min, 再各加入pNPG (1 mmol·L-1) 20 μL, 然后37 ℃恒温摇床中反应15 min, 最后用0.4 mol·L-1 Na2CO3 50 μL终止反应。酶标仪400 nm测OD值。按下列公式计算样品对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制率: Inhibition (%) = {[OD (blank)-OD (sample)] / OD (blank)} × 100%。
采用对硝基苯酚磷酸酯(pNPP) 作为人基因重组PTP1B的底物。PTP1B催化的pNPP水解反应通过96孔板在pH值为7.0的100 μL反应体系下测定。化合物与酶在室温下预孵5 min, 加入含有50 mmol·L-1 HEPES、5 mmol·L-1 DTT、150 mmol·L-1 NaCl、2 mmol·L-1 EDTA及2 mmol·L-1 pNPP的反应液。在30 ℃下孵育10 min, 加入3 mol·L-1氢氧化钠溶液50 μL终止酶反应。在405 nm处测出吸收OD值, 以未加酶的体系作为空白对照, 即可计算出测试样品对酶促水解的抑制作用的IC50值。
致谢: 感谢中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所分析测试中心测试核磁数据; 感谢中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所药理室测试生物活性。
作者贡献: 闫晓云、秦凌峰、张瑞负责化合物的分离纯化和结构鉴定; 杨桠楠、闫晓云负责文献调研、整理及文章撰写和修改; 田金英和叶菲协助降糖活性测定实验; 共同通讯作者张培成负责指导实验的选题、设计和结构解析; 共同通讯作者张旭负责指导实验设计、结构解析和文章修改; 共同通讯作者王国成负责实验的设计和指导。
利益冲突: 本文不存在利益冲突。
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2024年第59卷第11期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0549
  • 接收时间:2024-06-11
  • 首发时间:2025-11-24
  • 出版时间:2024-11-12
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-11
  • 修回日期:2024-07-08
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    1.内蒙古医科大学药学院, 内蒙古 呼和浩特 010059
    2.中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 北京 100050

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*张旭, Tel: 86-10-63165231, E-mail: ;
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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