Article(id=1199782967401869907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1199782966441378761, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0495, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1716393600000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-23, revisedDate=1725292800000, revisedDateStr=2024-09-03, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763980150318, onlineDateStr=2025-11-24, pubDate=1733932800000, pubDateStr=2024-12-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763980150318, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763980150318, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763980150318, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1199782966441378761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2024', volume='59', issue='12', pageStart='3179', pageEnd='3412', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763980150088, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764224975369, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200809838151324146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1199782966441378761, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200809838151324147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1199782966441378761, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3361, endPage=3366, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1199782967695471189, articleId=1199782967401869907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Establishment of a method for determining the key parameters of hydrolysis kinetics of acid α-glucosidase for injection by ion chromatography, columnId=null, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The Dionex CaboPacTM PA10 BioLCTM Analyical 2 mm × 250 mm column was used with a protective column (Dionex CaboPacTM PA10 BioLCTM Guard 2 mm × 50 mm). 100 mmol·L-1 sodium hydroxide solution was used as eluent; the flow rate was 0.25 mL·min-1. Sample tray temperature: 35 ℃. The pulse amperometric detector was adopted, and the waveform was Gold CWE, Ag-AgCl RE, Carbo, Quad. The samples were cultured with 8 concentrations of glycogen substrates (0.31, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg·mL-1). D-Glucose concentrations were measured at 5 different time points (T0, T1, T2, T3 and T4). The glucose concentration from T1 to T4 minus the glucose concentration at T0. The reaction rate was calculated at different glycogen substrate concentrations. These reaction rates are plotted against substrate concentrations using Michaelis-Menten equation. The kinetic parameters were expressed as Vmax (nmol·mg-1·min-1) and Km (mg·mL-1). The RSD of glucose standard curve R2 (n = 6, linear range: 1.25-500 μmol·L-1) was 0.1% and the RSD (n = 6) of the slope of the standard curve was 2.2%. The mean limit of quantitation was 0.14 μmol·L-1, and the mean limit of detection was 0.05 μmol·L-1. The RSD of Km and Vmax were 4.4% and 4.6% respectively in three separate experiments. The durability of the method was good. The method was developed for the on-line automatic determination of the hydrolysis kinetics of acid α-glucosidase (GAA) for injection by ion chromatography. The method has good precision, repeatability and durability, and can be used for the determination of glycogen hydrolysis kinetics of GAA for injection, and could reference value for the enzyme kinetics evaluation of recombinant enzyme replacement therapy.

, correspAuthors=Cheng-gang LIANG, Jing LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xin-yue HU, Jia-hao KONG, Yue SUN, Lü-yin WANG, Xiao-ming ZHANG, Ping LÜ, Cheng-gang LIANG, Jing LI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1199782968337199709, articleId=1199782967401869907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=离子色谱法测定注射用阿糖苷酶α糖原水解动力学关键参数, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

采用Dionex CaboPacTM PA10 BioLCTM Analyical 2 mm × 250 mm色谱柱, 配以保护柱(Dionex CaboPacTM PA10 BioLCTM Guard 2 mm × 50 mm); 以100 mmol·L-1氢氧化钠溶液为淋洗液; 流速为0.25 mL·min-1; 样品盘温度: 35 ℃。采用脉冲安培检测器, 波形为: Gold CWE, Ag-AgCl RE, Carbo, Quad。以8个浓度的糖原底物(0.31、1.25、2.5、5、10、20、30和40 mg·mL-1) 培养样品。在5个不同时间点(T0~T4) 时测定葡萄糖浓度。T1~T4的葡萄糖浓度减去T0时的葡萄糖浓度, 在不同糖原底物浓度下, 计算反应速率。利用米氏方程, 绘制这些反应速率与底物浓度的曲线。以Vmax (nmol·mg-1·min-1) 和Km (mg·mL-1) 表示动力学参数。葡萄糖标准曲线(线性范围: 1.25~500 μmol·L-1), 葡萄糖标准曲线的系数R2 (n = 6) 的RSD为0.1%, 标准曲线斜率RSD为2.2%; 定量限平均值为0.14 μmol·L-1, 检测限平均值为0.05 μmol·L-1; 供试品重复3次单独实验Km的RSD为4.4%, Vmax的RSD为4.6%, 方法耐用性良好。建立离子色谱法在线自动化测定注射用阿糖苷酶α糖原水解动力学的方法, 该方法精密度、重复性和耐用性良好, 可以用于注射用阿糖苷酶α糖原水解动力学的检测, 并且对重组酶替代疗法酶类的糖原动力学评价具有参考价值。

, correspAuthors=梁成罡, 李晶, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*梁成罡, E-mail: ;
李晶, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《药学学报》编辑部2024, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=ZcazjiCAjLnlUJW7McRRjA==, magXml=NMHnhlfWWidk5H6RG4EYyQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=LxCOkjdlnt+QapowQV7Spw==, pdfFileSize=1117533, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=3escFcWhVrQ2mSBYbvQrqA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=ueq1G/0g7c+eFgBNlIzGtQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

#共同第一作者.

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A: 40 mg·mL<sup>-1</sup>; B: 30 mg·mL<sup>-1</sup>; C: 20 mg·mL<sup>-1</sup>; D: 10 mg·mL<sup>-1</sup>; E: 5 mg·mL<sup>-1</sup>; F: 2.5 mg·mL<sup>-1</sup>; G: 1.25 mg·mL<sup>-1</sup>; H: 0.31 mg·mL<sup>-1</sup> , figureFileSmall=UWLLwegTnikTFu6nKfoz2w==, figureFileBig=qKkeThWm36GF3/uPgJbNrg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200378747812696816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782967401869907, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Batch No. Vmax/nmol·mg-1·min-1 Km/mg·mL-1
1 43 575 6.597
2 49 320 6.237
3 42 599 7.185
4 38 525 6.459
5 40 768 7.497
6 43 947 7.414
RSD/% 8.4 7.7
), ArticleFig(id=1200378747913360117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782967401869907, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

Vmax and Km of different batches of recombinant human acid α-glucosidase (rhGAA) for injection

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Batch No. Vmax/nmol·mg-1·min-1 Km/mg·mL-1
1 43 575 6.597
2 49 320 6.237
3 42 599 7.185
4 38 525 6.459
5 40 768 7.497
6 43 947 7.414
RSD/% 8.4 7.7
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离子色谱法测定注射用阿糖苷酶α糖原水解动力学关键参数
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胡馨月 1, # , 孔嘉浩 2, # , 孙悦 1 , 王绿音 1 , 张孝明 1 , 吕萍 1 , 梁成罡 1, * , 李晶 1, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2024,59(12): 3361-3366
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2024, 59(12): 3361-3366
离子色谱法测定注射用阿糖苷酶α糖原水解动力学关键参数
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胡馨月1, #, 孔嘉浩2, #, 孙悦1, 王绿音1, 张孝明1, 吕萍1, 梁成罡1, * , 李晶1, *
作者信息
  • 1.中国食品药品检定研究院, 药品监管科学全国重点实验室, 国家卫生健康委生物技术产品检定方法及其标准化重点实验室, 国家药品监督管理局生物制品质量研究与评价重点实验室, 国家药品监督管理局化学药品质量研究与评价重点实验室, 北京 102629
  • 2.北京石油化工学院, 北京 102627

通讯作者:

*梁成罡, E-mail: ;
李晶, E-mail:
Establishment of a method for determining the key parameters of hydrolysis kinetics of acid α-glucosidase for injection by ion chromatography
Xin-yue HU1, Jia-hao KONG2, Yue SUN1, Lü-yin WANG1, Xiao-ming ZHANG1, Ping LÜ1, Cheng-gang LIANG1, * , Jing LI1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, State Key Laboratory of Drug Regulatory Science, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Chemical Drugs, Beijing 102629, China
  • 2. Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing 102627, China
出版时间: 2024-12-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0495
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采用Dionex CaboPacTM PA10 BioLCTM Analyical 2 mm × 250 mm色谱柱, 配以保护柱(Dionex CaboPacTM PA10 BioLCTM Guard 2 mm × 50 mm); 以100 mmol·L-1氢氧化钠溶液为淋洗液; 流速为0.25 mL·min-1; 样品盘温度: 35 ℃。采用脉冲安培检测器, 波形为: Gold CWE, Ag-AgCl RE, Carbo, Quad。以8个浓度的糖原底物(0.31、1.25、2.5、5、10、20、30和40 mg·mL-1) 培养样品。在5个不同时间点(T0~T4) 时测定葡萄糖浓度。T1~T4的葡萄糖浓度减去T0时的葡萄糖浓度, 在不同糖原底物浓度下, 计算反应速率。利用米氏方程, 绘制这些反应速率与底物浓度的曲线。以Vmax (nmol·mg-1·min-1) 和Km (mg·mL-1) 表示动力学参数。葡萄糖标准曲线(线性范围: 1.25~500 μmol·L-1), 葡萄糖标准曲线的系数R2 (n = 6) 的RSD为0.1%, 标准曲线斜率RSD为2.2%; 定量限平均值为0.14 μmol·L-1, 检测限平均值为0.05 μmol·L-1; 供试品重复3次单独实验Km的RSD为4.4%, Vmax的RSD为4.6%, 方法耐用性良好。建立离子色谱法在线自动化测定注射用阿糖苷酶α糖原水解动力学的方法, 该方法精密度、重复性和耐用性良好, 可以用于注射用阿糖苷酶α糖原水解动力学的检测, 并且对重组酶替代疗法酶类的糖原动力学评价具有参考价值。

注射用阿糖苷酶α  /  离子色谱法  /  脉冲安培检测器  /  米氏方程  /  酶动力学  /  在线自动化

The Dionex CaboPacTM PA10 BioLCTM Analyical 2 mm × 250 mm column was used with a protective column (Dionex CaboPacTM PA10 BioLCTM Guard 2 mm × 50 mm). 100 mmol·L-1 sodium hydroxide solution was used as eluent; the flow rate was 0.25 mL·min-1. Sample tray temperature: 35 ℃. The pulse amperometric detector was adopted, and the waveform was Gold CWE, Ag-AgCl RE, Carbo, Quad. The samples were cultured with 8 concentrations of glycogen substrates (0.31, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg·mL-1). D-Glucose concentrations were measured at 5 different time points (T0, T1, T2, T3 and T4). The glucose concentration from T1 to T4 minus the glucose concentration at T0. The reaction rate was calculated at different glycogen substrate concentrations. These reaction rates are plotted against substrate concentrations using Michaelis-Menten equation. The kinetic parameters were expressed as Vmax (nmol·mg-1·min-1) and Km (mg·mL-1). The RSD of glucose standard curve R2 (n = 6, linear range: 1.25-500 μmol·L-1) was 0.1% and the RSD (n = 6) of the slope of the standard curve was 2.2%. The mean limit of quantitation was 0.14 μmol·L-1, and the mean limit of detection was 0.05 μmol·L-1. The RSD of Km and Vmax were 4.4% and 4.6% respectively in three separate experiments. The durability of the method was good. The method was developed for the on-line automatic determination of the hydrolysis kinetics of acid α-glucosidase (GAA) for injection by ion chromatography. The method has good precision, repeatability and durability, and can be used for the determination of glycogen hydrolysis kinetics of GAA for injection, and could reference value for the enzyme kinetics evaluation of recombinant enzyme replacement therapy.

acid α-glucosidase for injection  /  ion chromatography  /  pulse amperometric detector  /  Michaelis-Menten equation  /  enzyme kinetics  /  on-line automation
胡馨月, 孔嘉浩, 孙悦, 王绿音, 张孝明, 吕萍, 梁成罡, 李晶. 离子色谱法测定注射用阿糖苷酶α糖原水解动力学关键参数. 药学学报, 2024 , 59 (12) : 3361 -3366 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0495
Xin-yue HU, Jia-hao KONG, Yue SUN, Lü-yin WANG, Xiao-ming ZHANG, Ping LÜ, Cheng-gang LIANG, Jing LI. Establishment of a method for determining the key parameters of hydrolysis kinetics of acid α-glucosidase for injection by ion chromatography[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2024 , 59 (12) : 3361 -3366 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0495
酸性α-葡萄糖苷酶(acid α-glucosidase, GAA) 是一种可溶性酸水解酶, 在溶酶体中分解糖原。庞贝病(糖原贮积病Ⅱ型) 则是一种α-葡萄糖苷酶双等位基因致病性突变的遗传疾病。由于GAA基因突变导致酶活性降低或缺乏, 糖原不能分解而贮积在各种组织的溶酶体内[1], 表现为进行性肌肉无力和呼吸功能不全, 溶酶体贮积病目前无法完全根治。现有的庞贝病治疗旨在通过酶替代疗法(enzyme replacement therapy, ERT) 恢复溶酶体GAA活性从而降低溶酶体内底物堆积, 进而减轻该类疾病的进展[2]
注射用阿糖苷酶α (商品名: 美尔赞) 2006年美国食品药品监督管理局(Food and Drug Administration, FDA) 批准的首个治疗庞贝病的重组人酸性α-葡萄糖苷酶(recombinant human acid α-glucosidase, rhGAA), 2017年在我国获批, 是目前临床使用最广泛的ERT药物。研究发现, rhGAA与细胞表面的甘露糖-6-磷酸(mannose-6-phosphate, M6P) 受体结合形成络合物, 被摄入细胞后络合物解离, 进入细胞并转运到溶酶体中, 在溶酶体内发生蛋白裂解并升高酶活性, 水解α-1, 4-糖苷键和α-1, 6-糖苷键将蓄积的糖原分解为葡萄糖, 从而减少糖原累积[3]。ERT是将重组溶酶体酶注入血液循环的非自然过程, 需要将外源酶内化到受影响的靶细胞中, 以补充缺乏的活性。经静脉注射的rhGAA只有一小部分到达间质空间, 导致可吸收的ERT浓度非常低[4], 同时庞贝病患者的细胞在转运方面也存在缺陷, 最终导致rhGAA进入到溶酶体发挥作用的含量很少。在溶酶体系统内, rhGAA联合蛋白水解加工和聚糖修剪影响酶的糖原动力学水解过程。因此, 细胞内化的少量rhGAA必须在溶酶体中表现出最佳的糖原水解活性。因此, 建立基于糖原的水解测定rhGAA的动力学方法, 通过体外方法有效评价酶的效力, 不仅将为评价rhGAA活性提供有力手段, 还为该类药物的安全有效性提供重要保障。
根据rhGAA的作用机制, 需对葡萄糖随时间的产生量进行动态的检测, 根据酶反应速率与底物浓度之间的关系, 拟合米氏方程(Michaelis-Menten), 以KmVmax评价酶动力学。由于葡萄糖的紫外吸收弱, 使用常规气相色谱(配置火焰电离检测器) 和液相色谱法(配置紫外检测器或荧光检测器) 需要对糖进行衍生化[5, 6], 操作繁琐, 并且衍生化程度不完全往往使得实验重现性较差。如不衍生处理, 液相色谱法一般采用示差折光检测器[7], 但灵敏度较低, 线性范围较窄。离子色谱可用于糖类物质的检测, 糖能够在碱性环境中解离成阴离子, 采用离子交换柱进行分离, 在pH ≥ 12的环境中糖能够在电极上发生氧化还原反应, 尤其采用四电位波形的脉冲安培检测技术, 即E1、E2、E3和E4。其中, E1为检测电位, E2为还原清洗电位, E3为氧化清洗电位, E4为金氧化物还原电位。糖在电极被氧化后的产物会存在电极表面, 影响测定, 通过高正电位与高负电位的施压可以去除沉淀物, 使电极易清洗、重现性好、电极寿命长, 相比其他方法具有选择性高、抗干扰能力强、灵敏度高、线性范围宽、分离度好、无需衍生等优点[8]。本研究即采用离子色谱联合脉冲安培检测器(high performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detector, HPAEC-PAD) 测量葡萄糖随时间的产量, 模拟体内酶动力学过程, 在线自动化进样采集葡萄糖产生量, 即自动化检测酶活, 前处理简单可行, 方法新颖、灵敏度高、重现性好。
材料与试剂  50%氢氧化钠溶液(批号: A0377656), 美国Acros Organics公司; 醋酸钾(批号: BCBZ2164)、牛血清白蛋白(批号: SLCG9866)、牛肝糖原(批号: 1003510673), 西格玛奥德里奇(上海) 贸易有限公司; 醋酸(批号: 20190508), 国药集团化学试剂有限公司; D-葡萄糖(批号917c), National Institute of Standards and Technology; 注射用阿加糖酶β和注射用阿糖苷酶α (源于同一厂家不同批次), 中国食品药品检定研究院激素室留样。
仪器耗材  电子天平(瑞士梅特勒-托利多公司); 纯水机(美国Millipore公司); 离子色谱、色谱柱1 (序列号: 210722043)、色谱柱2 (序列号: 2107200005)、金电极1 (序列号: 18164)、金电极2 (序列号: 18506), 美国赛默飞世尔科技公司。
0.2 mol·L-1醋酸钾缓冲液的制备(pH 4.8)  量取0.8 mol·L-1醋酸钾溶液45 mL、0.8 mol·L-1醋酸溶液205 mL、超纯水750 mL, 充分混匀, 调节至pH 4.8, 过滤使用。
动力学缓冲液配制的制备  量取0.2 mol·L-1醋酸钾缓冲液(pH 4.8) 500 mL和100 mg·mL-1 BSA溶液5 mL, 充分混匀后加入超纯水至终体积1 L。
糖原底物的配制  分别称取2、1.5、4 g牛肝糖原分别置于50、50、200 mL的量瓶中, 加入动力学缓冲液溶解并稀释到刻度, 混匀, 配成浓度分别为40、30、20 mg·mL-1的糖原基质; 以20 mg·mL-1的糖原基质进行梯度稀释, 分别配制10、5、2.5、1.25 mg·mL-1的糖原基质; 最后取1.25 mg·mL-1的糖原基质25 mL加入动力学缓冲液75 mL, 配成浓度0.31 mg·mL-1的糖原基质, 分装后-20 ℃保存备用。
葡萄糖标准曲线配制  称取0.900 g D-葡萄糖, 转移至100 mL量瓶中, 加入超纯水溶解定容至刻度, 混匀, 即得50 mmol·L-1 D-葡萄糖储备液。分别量取0.5、0.25、0.125 mL的D-葡萄糖于50 mL量瓶中, 用超纯水稀释并定容至刻度, 混匀, 配成浓度为S9~S7, 浓度分别为500、250、125 μmol·L-1; 分别量取S9~S7各5 mL于50 mL量瓶中, 用超纯水稀释并定容至刻度, 混匀, 配成浓度为S6~S4, 浓度分别50、25、12.5 μmol·L-1; 分别量取S6~S4各5 mL于50 mL量瓶中, 用超纯水稀释并定容至刻度, 混匀, 配成浓度为S3~S1, 浓度分别5、2.5、1.25 μmol·L-1
供试品浓度测定  取注射用阿糖苷酶α 1支, 加入注射用水10.3 mL复溶, 制成质量浓度约为5 mg·mL-1的溶液。10倍稀释供试品溶液: 取100 μL上述溶液, 加入制剂缓冲液900 μL, 混匀即得。平行制备两份。20倍稀释供试品溶液: 取50 μL上述溶液, 加入制剂缓冲液950 μL, 混匀即得。平行制备两份。以制剂缓冲液为空白对仪器归零, 分别测定10倍和20倍稀释供试品溶液在280和800 nm处的吸光度(A) 值并计算蛋白浓度平均值。蛋白浓度计算: 蛋白浓度(mg·mL-1) = (A280 - A800) ×稀释倍数/ 1.51。
供试品溶液的配制  将样品用动力学缓冲液进行稀释并配制成确定浓度的溶液(1.6 μg·mL-1)。精密量取8个浓度的糖原底物(0.31、1.25、2.5、5、10、20、30和40 mg·mL-1) 各990 μL于EP管中, 加入样品溶液(1.6 μg·mL-1) 10 μL, 混匀, 移取200 μL置带有内衬管的液相瓶中。
色谱条件  采用Dionex CaboPacTM PA10 BioLCTM Analyical 2 mm × 250 mm色谱柱, 配以保护柱(Dionex CaboPacTM PA10 BioLCTM Guard 2 mm × 50 mm); 以100 mmol·L-1氢氧化钠溶液为淋洗液; 流速为0.25 mL·min-1; 样品盘温度: 35 ℃; 柱温: 30 ℃。采用脉冲安培检测器, 波形为: Gold CWE, Ag-AgCl RE, Carbo, Quad: 0.00 s, 电压0.1 V, 积分关; 0.20 s, 电压0.1 V, 积分开; 0.40 s, 电压0.1 V, 积分关; 0.41 s, 电压-2.0 V, 积分关; 0.42 s, 电压-2.0 V, 积分关; 0.43 s, 电压0.6 V, 积分关; 0.44 s, 电压-0.10 V, 积分关; 0.50 s, 电压-0.10 V, 积分关。
样品序列设置  序列首先运行2针动力学缓冲液空白, 以保证液相小瓶中的温度达到样品盘温度。序列分别从高浓度点到低浓度点运行, 第一个循环记为T0时间, 共运行5个循环, 分别记为T0~T4点, 在5个时间点同一个进样小瓶重复取样。5个时间点进样完毕后, 跟随葡萄糖标准品进样。
计算与数据处理  葡萄糖标准曲线: 以葡萄糖浓度为横坐标x, 以所得葡萄糖浓度的峰面积为纵坐标y作线性回归方程y = ax + b; 8个浓度糖原基质随时间变化产生葡萄糖的标准曲线: 将8个浓度的糖原基质分别在5个时间点的葡萄糖峰面积代入标准曲线求得葡萄糖浓度x = (y-b) / a, 即求出每个浓度点对应的葡萄糖浓度; 将T0~T4时间点的葡萄糖浓度均减去T0时的浓度, 则T0的浓度即为0; 以每个浓度进样的间隔时间为横坐标(如根据仪器记录的40 mg·mL-1 T0与40 mg·mL-1 T1的进样时间计算, 本实验每个浓度进样时间间隔为111 min, 则横坐标为0、111、222、333和444 min), 以每个时间点的葡萄糖浓度减T0后的葡萄糖浓度为纵坐标, 制作每个浓度糖原基质的线性标准曲线; 得到回归方程中的每个糖原基质的斜率(单位: μmol·L-1·min-1); 将每个糖原基质的斜率转化为反应速率(单位: nmol·mg-1·min-1) =斜率(μmol·L-1·min-1) ÷反应体系中的阿糖苷酶浓度(1.6×10-5 mg·mL-1); 米氏方程拟合: 以加样后的糖原基质浓度为横坐标, 以反应速率nmol·mg-1·min-1为纵坐标, 采用GraphPad Prism 5拟合米氏方程, 求得KmVmax。统计学数据处理: 采用t检验确定两组间差异的统计学意义, 多组间比较采用单因素方差分析检验。P值小于0.05为显著性差异。
方法学验证
专属性  另取注射用阿加糖酶β一支, 配成浓度为5 mg·mL-1的溶液, 稀释成1.6 μg·mL-1的浓度。同注射用阿糖苷酶α方法的糖原动力学水解法测定。
精密度和线性  以葡萄糖标准溶液S1~S9连续6天进行, S1~S9峰面积(n = 6) 考察日间精密度, 考察6次标准曲线线性R2和斜率精密度。
重复性  同一批次样品重复三次单独实验, 计算KmVmax
定量限与检测限  取葡萄糖标准品S1适量, 加水溶解并稀释成一定浓度, 分别测定检测限(以3倍信噪比计) 和定量限(以10倍信噪比计)。
耐用性  更换不同批次分析色谱柱: 更换不同批次色谱柱2, 同一批次样品重复三次单独实验, 计算KmVmax。更换不同批次金电极: 更换不同批次金电极2, 同一批次样品重复3次单独实验, 计算KmVmax
不同批次样品检测  选取6批不同批次的注射用阿糖苷酶α进行检测。
通过配制线性浓度梯度的葡萄糖标准溶液(共9个点, 1.25~500 μmol·L-1), 以葡萄糖浓度(μmol·L-1) 为横坐标x, 以葡萄糖浓度的峰面积为纵坐标y作线性回归分析, 得到葡萄糖标准曲线为y = 0.322 04x + 0.781 75, R2 = 0.999 7。
8个糖原底物浓度5个时间点的色谱图如图 1所示, 以每个浓度进样的间隔时间为横坐标, 以每个时间点的葡萄糖浓度减T0时刻的葡萄糖浓度(μmol·L-1) 为纵坐标, 制作每个浓度糖原底物的线性标准曲线。糖原基质质量浓度分别为40、30、20、10、5、2.5、1.25、0.31 mg·mL-1的标准曲线分别为y = 0.614x + 5.017, R2 = 0.998; y = 0.572x - 3.088, R2 = 0.998; y = 0.534x + 0.865, R2 = 0.998; y = 0.425x + 0.176, R2 = 0.999; y = 0.293x - 1.716, R2 = 0.995; y = 0.188x - 3.004, R2 = 0.994; y = 0.115x - 1.030, R2 = 0.992; y = 0.030x - 0.090, R2 = 0.995。
以加样后的糖原基质的浓度(mg·mL-1) 为横坐标, 以反应速率nmol·mg-1·min-1为纵坐标拟合米氏方程, 求得Km为6.902 mg·mL-1Vmax为44 715 nmol·mg-1·min-1, R2为0.999 4。
由于注射用阿加糖酶β与注射用阿糖苷酶α作用机制不同, 并非将糖原水解为葡萄糖而发挥生理作用, 因此, 结果也表明了注射用阿加糖酶β每个浓度的糖原基质葡萄糖产生量不随时间延长而增长, 方法专属性良好。
以S1~S9不同日期进样(n = 6) 的峰面积考察日间精密度, S1~S9浓度(n = 6) 峰面积平均值分别为0.443、0.888、1.735、4.250、8.795、17.396、41.608、82.851、156.934; RSD%值分别为7.367、5.665、5.528、5.767、5.503、2.502、3.938、4.415、2.063, 证明仪器精密度良好。
用葡萄糖标准曲中每个点的测定系数(R2) 和斜率值评价。对不同进样日期的标准品溶液绘制6条峰面积相对于该葡萄糖浓度的标准曲线, 并且对于每个精密度研究测定进行线性回归分析, 6次葡萄糖标准曲线的测定系数R2均大于0.99, 线性良好, 6次葡萄糖标准曲线的系数R2平均值为0.998 80, RSD为0.1%; 标准曲线斜率分别为平均值为0.314 96, RSD为2.2%。综上, 方法线性关系良好, 且实验中标准曲线的R2与斜率精密度良好。
同一批次样品重复测定3次, Vmax分别为40 797、42 959、44 715 nmol·mg-1·min-1, 平均值为42 824 nmol·mg-1·min-1, RSD为4.6%; Km分别为7.521、7.253、6.902 mg·mL-1, 平均值为7.225 mg·mL-1, RSD为4.3%。R2分别为0.999 0、0.998 0、0.999 4, 方法重复性良好。
稀释对照品S1, 探索方法的检测限(以3倍信噪比计) 和定量限(以10倍信噪比计)。定量限平均值为0.14 μmol·L-1, 峰面积RSD (n = 3) 为9%, 检测限平均值为0.05 μmol·L-1, 峰面积RSD (n = 3) 为9%。
更换色谱柱2, 其他条件不变。同一批次样品重复测定3次, Vmax分别为43 897、39 798、43 094 nmol·mg-1·min-1, 平均值为42 263 nmol·mg-1·min-1, RSD为5.1%; Km分别为7.396、7.284、7.374 mg·mL-1, 平均值为7.351 mg·mL-1, RSD为0.8%。与原方法重复性结果进行t检验分析, Vmax结果与KmP值均大于0.05, 结果之间差异无统计学意义。
更换金电极2, 其他条件不变。同一批次样品重复测定3次, Vmax分别为46 980、44 016、46 096 nmol·mg-1·min-1, 平均值为45 697 nmol·mg-1·min-1, RSD为3.3%; Km分别为6.833、6.891、7.301 mg·mL-1, 平均值为7.008 mg·mL-1, RSD为0.3%。与原方法重复性结果进行t检验分析, Vmax结果与KmP值均大于0.05, 结果之间差异无统计学意义。综上, 方法耐用性良好。
测定不同批次的注射用阿糖苷酶αVmaxKm, RSD值均在15%之内(表 1)。
内源性GAA在翻译后经M6P修饰, 从而促进与阳离子依赖性M6P受体和阳离子非依赖性M6P受体(cation-independent M6P receptor, CI-MPR) 的高亲和力结合, 并能从跨高尔基网络转运到溶酶体, 促进内吞和溶酶体靶向含M6P的外源性溶酶体酶[9]。rhGAA和大多数溶酶体ERT利用的皆是这种天然的内吞CI-MPR途径。据文献[10]报道, GAA的最适溶酶体pH为4.8, 溶酶体中水解α-1, 4-糖苷键和α-1, 6-糖苷键将蓄积的糖原分解为葡萄糖, 从而减少糖原累积。经细胞内化的rhGAA须在溶酶体中表现出最佳的糖原水解活性, 所以建立高效、灵敏的体外糖原动力学水解方法对该类酶的质量控制具有重要意义。
在酶动力学测定实验中, 常用对硝基苯酚(p-nitrophenol, pNP)-葡萄糖苷作为底物, 利用酶与该底物共同孵育, 在400 nm处测定对产物pNP的吸光度, 通过计算测定各底物浓度下的反应速率[11, 12]。酶动力学研究酶结合底物能力和催化反应速率, KmVmax是表征酶动力学的重要参数。本研究是将酶加入到不同浓度的肝糖原基质(pH 4.8) 中, 放置于离子色谱恒温样品盘(35 ℃) 中孵育, 利用离子色谱脉冲安培检测器在线动态检测每个浓度的5个时间点, 最终拟合米氏方程计算KmVmax值, 较pNP酶动力学法, 其底物和产物所表现的酶动力学参数描述与体内实际情况更为相似。
本研究利用离子色谱法对注射用阿糖苷酶α糖原水解动力学进行了综合的评价。利用离子色谱测定酶动力学的实验, 选择合适的底物或基质, 应注意不同厂家或不同分子量的糖原底物可能对动力学过程产生一定差异, 此外, 在酶活温度范围内, 选择适宜的样品盘孵育温度, 建立合理的葡萄糖线性标准曲线范围和动力学评价参数, 通过实验验证结果的稳定性和可靠性; 单次实验时确保仪器稳定性、色谱柱性能良好, 在样品运行完毕后要跟随葡萄糖系列标准品进样。在方法学验证中, 由于该动力学测定方法因只能单次运行单一浓度的供试品, 也没有建立确定赋值KmVmax值的对照品, 所以本方法并未对其进行线性和准确度进行评价。
本研究的优势主要有以下几点: 模拟了体内酶动力学过程, 方法新颖; 利用离子色谱-脉冲检测器系统在线自动化进样采集酶活检测的手段, 方法精密度、重复性和耐用性良好, 能够准确测定实验结果, 是化学分析手段与生物学技术的创新结合。综上, 本方法可以用于阿糖苷酶α糖原水解动力学的检测, 并且对ERT重组酶类的糖原动力学评价具有参考价值, 对罕见病药物的研发具有推动作用。
作者贡献: 胡馨月负责总体实验设计、实验操作、数据整理及文章撰写; 孔嘉浩负责实验操作、数据处理; 孙悦负责部分实验数据采集和分析; 王绿音负责提出研究思路和解决实验问题; 张孝明负责数据核对与图片制作; 吕萍负责实验统计学处理与分析; 梁成罡负责指导论文写作并对论文进行了修改; 李晶负责把握研究思路、指导论文写作和对论文进行检查。
利益冲突: 所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突。
  • 药品监管科学全国重点实验室第一批课题项目(2023SKLDRS0108)
  • 药品监管科学全国重点实验室第二批课题项目(2024SKLDRS0203)
  • 中国食品药品检定研究院化学药品检定所重点实验室项目(2024HYZX23)
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2024年第59卷第12期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0495
  • 接收时间:2024-05-23
  • 首发时间:2025-11-24
  • 出版时间:2024-12-12
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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-23
  • 修回日期:2024-09-03
基金
药品监管科学全国重点实验室第一批课题项目(2023SKLDRS0108)
药品监管科学全国重点实验室第二批课题项目(2024SKLDRS0203)
中国食品药品检定研究院化学药品检定所重点实验室项目(2024HYZX23)
作者信息
    1.中国食品药品检定研究院, 药品监管科学全国重点实验室, 国家卫生健康委生物技术产品检定方法及其标准化重点实验室, 国家药品监督管理局生物制品质量研究与评价重点实验室, 国家药品监督管理局化学药品质量研究与评价重点实验室, 北京 102629
    2.北京石油化工学院, 北京 102627

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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