Article(id=1199782977082327131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1199782966441378761, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0422, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1714838400000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-05, revisedDate=1725206400000, revisedDateStr=2024-09-02, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763980152626, onlineDateStr=2025-11-24, pubDate=1733932800000, pubDateStr=2024-12-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763980152626, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763980152626, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763980152626, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1199782966441378761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2024', volume='59', issue='12', pageStart='3179', pageEnd='3412', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763980150088, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764224975369, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200809838151324146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1199782966441378761, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200809838151324147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1199782966441378761, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3354, endPage=3360, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1199782977443037294, articleId=1199782977082327131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Analysis of the modulating effect of lipid-regulating clinical and clinical trial drugs on trimethylamine-oxide in hyperlipidemic hamster based on two-dimensional NMR technique, columnId=null, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Studies have shown that a variety of diseases such as cardiovascular disease, renal disease and cancer are closely related to trimethylamine oxide (TMAO). Clinically, abnormal elevation of TMAO has been used as an evaluation index of atherosclerosis (AS) prior to imaging. In this study, we investigated the effects of lipid metabolism disorders as well as pharmacological interventions on urinary TMAO using a hyperlipidemic golden gopher model. The study used 48 Syrian golden hamster modeled with a high-fat diet for 2 weeks, and then ezetimibe, simvastatin, ezetimibe and simvastatin groups were administered for 4 consecutive weeks, as well as the clinical trial drug, IMM-H007, for pharmacological intervention. The animal experiment was conducted in accordance with the regulations of the Ethics Committee for Experimental Animal Management and Animal Welfare of Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (approval number: SCXK (Beijing) 2021-0011). Urine from rats was analyzed for 2D band selective heteronuclear single quantum coherence (2D bs-HSQC) at week 2 and 4 after drug administration. The results indicated that, in comparison to the control group, the high-fat diet significantly elevated urinary TMAO levels in the model group of hamsters after both 2 and 4 weeks of treatment (P < 0.05). Urinary TMAO levels were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) in the model group after 2 or 4 weeks of intervention with ezetimibe, simvastatin, combination therapy, and IMM-H007, showing a marked decrease even after 2 weeks of treatment. The detection of TMAO could precede the measurement of serum biochemical indicators, facilitating earlier efficacy assessment. This study evaluated the modulatory effects of clinical drugs and clinical trial drugs on TMAO, which provides useful information for clinical drug use and drug research. It also provides a means of TMAO detection based on 2D NMR technology, which is helpful for the clinical application of TMAO detection index.

, correspAuthors=Ying-hong WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yue XU, Ren-liang XUE, Hao-wen ZHU, Xiang-ju JIN, Ying-hong WANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1199782978764243141, articleId=1199782977082327131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=基于二维定量核磁共振波谱技术评估调血脂临床及临床试验药物对高脂血症金黄地鼠氧化三甲胺的调节作用, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

研究表明, 心血管疾病、肾脏疾病及癌症等多种疾病与氧化三甲胺(trimethylamine-oxide, TMAO) 密切相关。临床上, TMAO的异常升高已作为先于影像学的动脉粥样硬化(atherosclerosis, AS) 评价指标。本研究利用高脂血症金黄地鼠模型探讨脂代谢紊乱以及药物干预对尿液中TMAO的影响。研究采用48只叙利亚金黄地鼠高脂膳食造模2周后, 连续4周进行依哲麦布、辛伐他汀、依哲麦布和辛伐他汀组联合给药及临床试验药物IMM-H007药物干预。动物实验操作均遵循中国医学科学院药物研究所实验动物管理与动物福利伦理委员会的规定[批准号: SCXK (京) 2021-0011]。取金黄地鼠的给药后第2周和第4周尿液进行2D宽带选择性异核单量子相干(band selective heteronuclear single quantum coherence, 2D bs-HSQC) 检测。分析结果表明, 与对照组相比, 给药2周和4周后, 高脂饮食使得模型组金黄地鼠尿液TMAO均显著升高(P < 0.05)。与模型组相比, 依哲麦布、辛伐他汀、联合给药以及IMM-H007给药干预2周或4周后, 尿液TMAO均显著降低(P < 0.05), 在给药2周后已显示出明显降低, 对TMAO的检测可能先于血清生化学指标检测而更早实现药效评估。本研究对临床药物及临床试验药物对TMAO的调节作用进行了评价, 为临床用药及药物研究提供了有用的信息。也为TMAO的检测提供了基于2D NMR技术的检测手段, 有助于TMAO检测指标的临床应用。

, correspAuthors=王映红, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*王映红, Tel: 86-10-63165216, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《药学学报》编辑部2024, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=G8KM2AkZM2cJpiVxNXting==, magXml=t7Aeg3wrCn4CZRjEm1Oikw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=6YS9BnzgUR+Qnt+j6U6EYQ==, pdfFileSize=938911, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=i/f0rkhUzRVeYGhN/9fhVg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=g8O3jGKWllTLq6B4knWBxw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=许悦, 薛仁亮, 朱浩文, 靳香菊, 王映红)}, authors=[Author(id=1200378736513250241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200378736647467980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, authorId=1200378736513250241, language=EN, stringName=Yue XU, firstName=Yue, middleName=null, lastName=XU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200378736764908502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, authorId=1200378736513250241, language=CN, stringName=许悦, firstName=悦, middleName=null, lastName=许, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 北京 100050, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200378736290952116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200378736303535030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, companyId=1200378736290952116, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200378736311923640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, companyId=1200378736290952116, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 北京 100050)])]), Author(id=1200378736886543330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200378736991400943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, authorId=1200378736886543330, language=EN, stringName=Ren-liang XUE, firstName=Ren-liang, middleName=null, lastName=XUE, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200378737108841464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, authorId=1200378736886543330, language=CN, stringName=薛仁亮, firstName=仁亮, middleName=null, lastName=薛, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 北京 100050, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200378736290952116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200378736303535030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, companyId=1200378736290952116, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200378736311923640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, companyId=1200378736290952116, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 北京 100050)])]), Author(id=1200378738258079751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200378738513932312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, authorId=1200378738258079751, language=EN, stringName=Hao-wen ZHU, firstName=Hao-wen, middleName=null, lastName=ZHU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200378738614595613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, authorId=1200378738258079751, language=CN, stringName=朱浩文, firstName=浩文, middleName=null, lastName=朱, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 北京 100050, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200378736290952116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200378736303535030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, companyId=1200378736290952116, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200378736311923640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, companyId=1200378736290952116, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 北京 100050)])]), Author(id=1200378738744619049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200378738870448182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, authorId=1200378738744619049, language=EN, stringName=Xiang-ju JIN, firstName=Xiang-ju, middleName=null, lastName=JIN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200378739025637436, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, authorId=1200378738744619049, language=CN, stringName=靳香菊, firstName=香菊, middleName=null, lastName=靳, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 北京 100050, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200378736290952116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200378736303535030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, companyId=1200378736290952116, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200378736311923640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, companyId=1200378736290952116, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 北京 100050)])]), Author(id=1200378739117912132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=wyh@imm.ac.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200378739231158352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, authorId=1200378739117912132, language=EN, stringName=Ying-hong WANG, firstName=Ying-hong, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=*, address=State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200378739315044437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, authorId=1200378739117912132, language=CN, stringName=王映红, firstName=映红, middleName=null, lastName=王, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=*, address=中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 北京 100050, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200378736290952116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200378736303535030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, companyId=1200378736290952116, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200378736311923640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, companyId=1200378736290952116, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 北京 100050)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1200378739562508399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=2D NMR), Keyword(id=1200378739688337528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=trimethylamine oxide), Keyword(id=1200378739822555265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=urine), Keyword(id=1200378739923218573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=hyperlipidemia), Keyword(id=1200378740074213523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=lipid-modifying drug), Keyword(id=1200378740179071131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=2D NMR), Keyword(id=1200378740267151526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=氧化三甲胺), Keyword(id=1200378740346843313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=尿液), Keyword(id=1200378740476866745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=高脂血症), Keyword(id=1200378740569141442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=调血脂药物)], refs=[Reference(id=1200378744373375322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Thomas MS, Fernandez ML. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), diet and cardiovascular disease [J]. Curr Atheroscler Rep, 2021, 23: 12., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200378744532758881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Tang WHW, Wang ZE, Levison BS, et al. Intestinal microbial metabolism of phosphatidylcholine and cardiovascular risk [J]. N Engl J Med, 2013, 368: 1575-1584., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200378744704725354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang YX, Wang Y, Ke BB, et al. TMAO: how gut microbiota contributes to heart failure [J]. Transl Res, 2021, 228: 109-125., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200378744813777267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=3, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhu YQ, Li QQ, Jiang H. Gut microbiota in atherosclerosis: focus on trimethylamine N-oxide [J]. APMIS, 2020, 128: 353-366., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200378744943800699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=4, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Shanmugham M, Bellanger S, Leo CH. Gut-derived metabolite, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) in cardio-metabolic diseases: detection, mechanism, and potential therapeutics [J]. Pharmaceuticals, 2023, 16: 504., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200378745069629824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=5, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Huo LX, Li H, Zhu M, et al. Enhanced trimethylamine metabolism and gut dysbiosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus with microalbumin [J]. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), 2023, 14: 1257457., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200378745254179211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Cho CE, Caudill MA. Trimethylamine-oxide: friend, foe, or simply caught in the cross-fire? [J] Trends Endocrinol Metab, 2017, 28: 121-130., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200378745455505810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=7, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Oellgaard J, Winther SA, Hansen TS, et al. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) as a new potential therapeutic target for insulin resistance and cancer [J]. Curr Pharm Des, 2017, 23: 3699-3712., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200378745606500760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=8, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bockus AB, Seibel BA. Trimethylamine oxide accumulation as a function of depth in Hawaiian mid-water fishes [J]. Deep Sea Res Part I Oceanogr Res Pap, 2016, 112: 37-44., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200378745732329887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=9, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Gibb SW, Hatton AD. The occurrence and distribution of trimethylamine-N-oxide in antarctic coastal waters [J]. Mar Chem, 2004, 91: 65-75., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200378745883324837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=10, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang Q, Oliver-Williams C, Raitakari OT, et al. Metabolic profiling of angiopoietin-like protein 3 and 4 inhibition: a drug-target mendelian randomization analysis [J]. Eur Heart J, 2021, 42: 1160-1169., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200378745988182442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=11, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Garcia E, Wolak-Dinsmore J, Wang ZN, et al. NMR quantification of trimethylamine-oxide in human serum and plasma in the clinical laboratory setting [J]. Clin Biochem, 2017, 50: 947-955., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200378747296805300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=12, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Çiçek SS, Ugolini T, Girreser U. Two-dimensional qNMR of anthraquinones in Frangula alnus (Rhamnus frangula) using surrogate standards and delay time adaption [J]. Anal Chim Acta, 2019, 1081: 131-137., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200378747464577467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=13, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Guo C, Dong J, Deng L, et al. Application of band-selective HSQC NMR in species discrimination and adulteration identification of Panax linn [J]. Molecules, 2023, 28: 4332., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200378747577823681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=14, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Gołowicz D, Kasprzak P, Orekhov V, et al. Fast time-resolved NMR with non-uniform sampling [J]. Prog Nucl Magn Reson Spectrosc, 2020, 116: 40-55., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200378747745595850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=15, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ascha MS, Hanouneh IA, Lopez R, et al. The incidence and risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis [J]. Hepatology, 2010, 51: 1972-1978., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200378747888202194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=16, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Su X, Peng H, Chen X, et al. Hyperlipidemia and hypothyroidism [J]. Clin Chim Acta, 2022, 527: 61-70., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200378748001448410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=17, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Koeth RA, Wang ZE, Levison BS, et al. Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis [J]. Nat Med, 2013, 19: 576-585., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200378748114694619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=18, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Canyelles M, Borràs C, Rotllan N, et al. Gut microbiota-derived TMAO: a causal factor promoting atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease? [J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2023, 24: 1940., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200378748223746530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=19, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Mendelsohn AR, Larrick JW. Dietary modification of the microbiome affects risk for cardiovascular disease [J]. Rejuvenation Res, 2013, 16: 241-244., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200378748349575656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=20, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Tang WHW, Hazen SL. The contributory role of gut microbiota in cardiovascular disease [J]. J Clin Invest, 2014, 124: 4204-4211., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200378748458627566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=21, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Din AU, Hassan A, Zhu Y, et al. Amelioration of TMAO through probiotics and its potential role in atherosclerosis [J]. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 2019, 103: 9217-9228., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200378748609622517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=22, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li T, Sun S, Zhang J, et al. Beneficial metabolic effects of 2′, 3′, 5′-triacetyl-N6-(3-hydroxylaniline) adenosine in multiple biological matrices and intestinal flora of hyperlipidemic hamsters [J]. J Proteome Res, 2018, 17: 2870-2879., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200378748769006077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=23, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Strilchuk L, Tocci G, Fogacci F, et al. An overview of rosuvastatin/ezetimibe association for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and mixed dyslipidemia [J]. Expert Opin Pharmacother, 2020, 21: 531-539., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200378748928389636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=24, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hareedy MS, Ahmed EA, Ali MF. Montelukast modifies simvastatin-induced myopathy and hepatotoxicity [J]. Drug Dev Res, 2019, 80: 1000-1009., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200378749066801675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=25, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Jessurun NT, Drent M, Wijnen PA, et al. Role of drug-gene interactions and pharmacogenetics in simvastatin-associated pulmonary toxicity [J]. Drug Saf, 2021, 44: 1179-1191., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200378749213602323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=26, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hernandez-Mijares A, Bañuls C, Rovira-Llopis S, et al. Effects of simvastatin, ezetimibe and simvastatin/ezetimibe on mitochondrial function and leukocyte/endothelial cell interactions in patients with hypercholesterolemia [J]. Atherosclerosis, 2016, 247: 40-47., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200378749331042839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=27, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sliz E, Kettunen J, Holmes MV, et al. Metabolomic consequences of genetic inhibition of PCSK9 compared with statin treatment [J]. Circulation, 2018, 138: 2499-2512., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200378749486232093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=28, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Organ CL, Otsuka H, Bhushan S, et al. Choline diet and its gut microbe-derived metabolite, trimethylamine N-oxide, exacerbate pressure overload-induced heart failure [J. Circ Heart Fail, 2016, 9: e002314., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200378749599478306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=29, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=He M, Yu H, Lei P, et al. Determination of trimethylamine N-oxide and betaine in serum and food by targeted metabonomics [J]. Molecules, 2021, 26: 1334., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1200378743886836033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, awardId=2018ZX09711001-002-004, language=CN, fundingSource=国家科技重大专项项目(2018ZX09711001-002-004), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1200378744037830988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, awardId=7232259, language=CN, fundingSource=北京自然科学基金项目(7232259), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200378736290952116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200378736303535030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, companyId=1200378736290952116, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200378736311923640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, companyId=1200378736290952116, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 北京 100050)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1200378740787245268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=SG7qTt0KmrVO1gyNZzzhAQ==, figureFileBig=9uVWylL0lKoD3uLWShXhlg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200378740921463001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, language=CN, label=Figure 1, caption= <sup>1</sup>H NMR analysis of trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) in the urine of hamsters. A: Representative 1D NOESY <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectra of hyperlipidemic hamsters urine samples of the control group and amplified spectra of the methyl peak of TMAO; B: <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectra obtained from different individuals in the model group exhibit different peak shapes at <i>δ</i> 3.26 , figureFileSmall=SG7qTt0KmrVO1gyNZzzhAQ==, figureFileBig=9uVWylL0lKoD3uLWShXhlg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200378741198287078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=yLdqUYKqnwjdjxbQAEOeGg==, figureFileBig=hCWXuKniO2c0PLAor0xP/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200378741445751021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= Representative 2D HSQC spectra of urine samples and magnified spectra of creatinine and TMAO peaks from hyperlipidemic hamsters of C group. TD = 128, NS = 4 , figureFileSmall=yLdqUYKqnwjdjxbQAEOeGg==, figureFileBig=hCWXuKniO2c0PLAor0xP/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200378741596745971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=qybvEFWP7QggTWUZz0E79g==, figureFileBig=tTUXfy1FnmHpQKF3ucUQNA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200378742779539709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= Representative 2D HSQC and 2D bs-HSQC spectra of urine samples from hyperlipidemic hamsters of C group under different sampling conditions. A: 2D HSQC, TD = 128, NS = 4; B: 2D bs-HSQC, TD = 128, NS = 4; C: 2D bs-HSQC, TD = 128, NS = 4, 50% NUS , figureFileSmall=qybvEFWP7QggTWUZz0E79g==, figureFileBig=tTUXfy1FnmHpQKF3ucUQNA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200378742901174533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Group Time/week TC/mmol·L-1 LDL-C/mmol·L-1 TG/mmol·L-1
C 0 2.43 ± 0.29 0.60 ± 0.26 2.04 ± 0.93
2 2.60 ± 0.45 0.57 ± 0.19 1.27 ± 0.48
4 3.11 ± 0.42 0.66 ± 0.33 1.18 ± 0.31
M 0 6.13 ± 1.81*** 2.12 ± 1.43** 4.43 ± 2.52**
2 5.41 ± 1.66*** 1.29 ± 0.49*** 2.15 ± 1.07*
4 6.10 ± 1.16*** 1.18 ± 0.48* 4.26 ± 1.71***
Y 0 5.94 ± 1.75*** 2.12 ± 1.03** 4.49 ± 1.63***
2 2.42 ± 0.37### 0.30 ± 0.10### 1.32 ± 0.31#
4 1.93 ± 0.24### 0.27 ± 0.04### 1.36 ± 0.41###
S 0 6.23 ± 1.75*** 2.12 ± 0.82*** 4.40 ± 1.60***
2 3.42 ± 0.69## 0.73 ± 0.33## 1.96 ± 0.99
4 2.75 ± 0.83### 0.52 ± 0.24## 2.23 ± 0.51##
S+Y 0 6.06 ± 1.08*** 2.14 ± 0.85*** 4.71 ± 1.38***
2 2.63 ± 0.37### 0.38 ± 0.08### 2.32 ± 1.20
4 2.08 ± 0.53### 0.45 ± 0.25### 1.50 ± 0.50###
H 0 5.61 ± 1.15*** 2.12 ± 0.78*** 4.61 ± 4.98*
2 3.99 ± 0.75# 0.65 ± 0.22## 3.01 ± 1.38
4 3.34 ± 0.49### 0.71 ± 0.23# 1.41 ± 0.50###
), ArticleFig(id=1200378743052169489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

Effects of metformin on serum TC, TG, and LDL-C levels in hyperlipidemia hamsters at week 2 and 4 after drug dosing. TC: Total cholesterol; TG: Triglycerides; LDL-C: Low density lipoprotein cholesterol; C: Control group; M: Model group; Y: Ezetimibe administration group (25 mg·kg-1·d-1); S: Simvastatin administration group (4 mg·kg-1·d-1); S+Y: Combination administration of ezetimibe and simvastatin group; H: IMM-H007 administration group. n = 6, $ \stackrel{-}{x} $ ± s. #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, ###P < 0.001 vs M group; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs C group

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Group Time/week TC/mmol·L-1 LDL-C/mmol·L-1 TG/mmol·L-1
C 0 2.43 ± 0.29 0.60 ± 0.26 2.04 ± 0.93
2 2.60 ± 0.45 0.57 ± 0.19 1.27 ± 0.48
4 3.11 ± 0.42 0.66 ± 0.33 1.18 ± 0.31
M 0 6.13 ± 1.81*** 2.12 ± 1.43** 4.43 ± 2.52**
2 5.41 ± 1.66*** 1.29 ± 0.49*** 2.15 ± 1.07*
4 6.10 ± 1.16*** 1.18 ± 0.48* 4.26 ± 1.71***
Y 0 5.94 ± 1.75*** 2.12 ± 1.03** 4.49 ± 1.63***
2 2.42 ± 0.37### 0.30 ± 0.10### 1.32 ± 0.31#
4 1.93 ± 0.24### 0.27 ± 0.04### 1.36 ± 0.41###
S 0 6.23 ± 1.75*** 2.12 ± 0.82*** 4.40 ± 1.60***
2 3.42 ± 0.69## 0.73 ± 0.33## 1.96 ± 0.99
4 2.75 ± 0.83### 0.52 ± 0.24## 2.23 ± 0.51##
S+Y 0 6.06 ± 1.08*** 2.14 ± 0.85*** 4.71 ± 1.38***
2 2.63 ± 0.37### 0.38 ± 0.08### 2.32 ± 1.20
4 2.08 ± 0.53### 0.45 ± 0.25### 1.50 ± 0.50###
H 0 5.61 ± 1.15*** 2.12 ± 0.78*** 4.61 ± 4.98*
2 3.99 ± 0.75# 0.65 ± 0.22## 3.01 ± 1.38
4 3.34 ± 0.49### 0.71 ± 0.23# 1.41 ± 0.50###
), ArticleFig(id=1200378743207358744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Group Peak area (TMAO/creatinine)
2 week 4 week
C 0.27 ± 0.08 0.33 ± 0.06
M 0.50 ± 0.10** 0.64 ± 0.14***
Y 0.25 ± 0.06### 0.32 ± 0.09##
S 0.28 ± 0.07## 0.25 ± 0.10###
S+Y 0.26 ± 0.09## 0.37 ± 0.09##
H 0.32 ± 0.13# 0.35 ± 0.09##
), ArticleFig(id=1200378743308022044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, language=CN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison of TMAO levels in the urine from hyperlipidemic hamsters at two or four weeks of administration. TD = 128, NS = 4, 50% NUS. n = 6, $ \stackrel{-}{x} $ ± s. #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, ###P < 0.001 vs M group; **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs C group

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Group Peak area (TMAO/creatinine)
2 week 4 week
C 0.27 ± 0.08 0.33 ± 0.06
M 0.50 ± 0.10** 0.64 ± 0.14***
Y 0.25 ± 0.06### 0.32 ± 0.09##
S 0.28 ± 0.07## 0.25 ± 0.10###
S+Y 0.26 ± 0.09## 0.37 ± 0.09##
H 0.32 ± 0.13# 0.35 ± 0.09##
), ArticleFig(id=1200378743438045477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Group Peak area (TMAO/creatinine)
C 0.60 ± 0.18
M 1.18 ± 0.10***
Y 0.38 ± 0.06###
S 0.31 ± 0.10###
S+Y 0.56 ± 0.12###
H 0.38 ± 0.06###
), ArticleFig(id=1200378743584846125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782977082327131, language=CN, label=Table 3, caption=

TMAO levels in the urine from hyperlipidemic hamsters at four weeks of administration. TD = 128, NS = 4. n = 6, $ \stackrel{-}{x} $ ± s. ###P < 0.001 vs M group; ***P < 0.001 vs C group

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Group Peak area (TMAO/creatinine)
C 0.60 ± 0.18
M 1.18 ± 0.10***
Y 0.38 ± 0.06###
S 0.31 ± 0.10###
S+Y 0.56 ± 0.12###
H 0.38 ± 0.06###
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1189982048455397383, delFlag=0, nameCn=药学学报, nameEn=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=0513-4870, eissn=null, cn=11-2163/R, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=BTxjudbJDVO4PqdBR6On6Q==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=null, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1761643429151, updatedTime=1761735768113, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=A, firstLetterEn=A, subjectCode=Life Sciences, subjectName=Life Sciences, subjectCodeEn=Life Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=BTxjudbJDVO4PqdBR6On6Q==, picEn=c4l1ckL55nWbhl1KrFdWIA==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1190369346338783397, language=CN, name=药学学报, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1761735768160, updatedTime=1761735768160, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/authorLogOn.action, submissionEditorUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/editorLogOn.action, submissionReviewUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/expertLogOn.action, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1190369346376532134, language=EN, name=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1761735768169, updatedTime=1761735768169, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/authorLogOn.action, submissionEditorUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/editorLogOn.action, submissionReviewUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/expertLogOn.action, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1189982191388893191, websiteList=[Website(id=1189982271588340489, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1189982191388893191, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN, language=CN, createTime=1761643482348, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761643498101, updateBy=18614031015, name=药学学报-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=药学学报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1189982873114448678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761643625763, updateTime=1761643625763, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873093477155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761643625758, updateTime=1761643625758, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873135420201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643625768, updateTime=1761643625768, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873085088546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/file/pic?fileId=w+t2v8bJnX5lh3+hRRJcDA==, createTime=1761643625756, updateTime=1761643625756, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873152197419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643625772, updateTime=1761643625772, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873110254373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1761643625762, updateTime=1761643625762, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873143808810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643625770, updateTime=1761643625770, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873101865764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1761643625760, updateTime=1761643625760, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873122837287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761643625765, updateTime=1761643625765, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873127031592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761643625766, updateTime=1761643625766, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1189982271655449355, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1189982191388893191, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN, language=EN, createTime=1761643482364, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761643514085, updateBy=18614031015, name=药学学报-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1189982903015633534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761643632892, updateTime=1761643632892, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982902990467707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761643632886, updateTime=1761643632886, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903036605057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643632897, updateTime=1761643632897, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982902982079098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN/file/pic?fileId=w+t2v8bJnX5lh3+hRRJcDA==, createTime=1761643632884, updateTime=1761643632884, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903053382275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643632901, updateTime=1761643632901, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903007244925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN/file/pic, createTime=1761643632890, updateTime=1761643632890, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903044993666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643632899, updateTime=1761643632899, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982902998856316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1761643632888, updateTime=1761643632888, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903019827839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761643632893, updateTime=1761643632893, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903028216448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761643632895, updateTime=1761643632895, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=药学学报, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/aps, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, journalPhotoCn=BTxjudbJDVO4PqdBR6On6Q==, journalPhotoEn=c4l1ckL55nWbhl1KrFdWIA==, journalFirstLetter=A, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0422, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0422, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/PDF/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0422, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN/PDF/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0422, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
基于二维定量核磁共振波谱技术评估调血脂临床及临床试验药物对高脂血症金黄地鼠氧化三甲胺的调节作用
收藏切换
PDF下载
许悦 , 薛仁亮 , 朱浩文 , 靳香菊 , 王映红 *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2024,59(12): 3354-3360
收起
收藏切换
药学学报 | 研究论文 2024, 59(12): 3354-3360
基于二维定量核磁共振波谱技术评估调血脂临床及临床试验药物对高脂血症金黄地鼠氧化三甲胺的调节作用
全屏
许悦, 薛仁亮, 朱浩文, 靳香菊, 王映红*
作者信息
  • 中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 北京 100050

通讯作者:

*王映红, Tel: 86-10-63165216, E-mail:
Analysis of the modulating effect of lipid-regulating clinical and clinical trial drugs on trimethylamine-oxide in hyperlipidemic hamster based on two-dimensional NMR technique
Yue XU, Ren-liang XUE, Hao-wen ZHU, Xiang-ju JIN, Ying-hong WANG*
Affiliations
  • State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
出版时间: 2024-12-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0422
文章导航
收藏切换

研究表明, 心血管疾病、肾脏疾病及癌症等多种疾病与氧化三甲胺(trimethylamine-oxide, TMAO) 密切相关。临床上, TMAO的异常升高已作为先于影像学的动脉粥样硬化(atherosclerosis, AS) 评价指标。本研究利用高脂血症金黄地鼠模型探讨脂代谢紊乱以及药物干预对尿液中TMAO的影响。研究采用48只叙利亚金黄地鼠高脂膳食造模2周后, 连续4周进行依哲麦布、辛伐他汀、依哲麦布和辛伐他汀组联合给药及临床试验药物IMM-H007药物干预。动物实验操作均遵循中国医学科学院药物研究所实验动物管理与动物福利伦理委员会的规定[批准号: SCXK (京) 2021-0011]。取金黄地鼠的给药后第2周和第4周尿液进行2D宽带选择性异核单量子相干(band selective heteronuclear single quantum coherence, 2D bs-HSQC) 检测。分析结果表明, 与对照组相比, 给药2周和4周后, 高脂饮食使得模型组金黄地鼠尿液TMAO均显著升高(P < 0.05)。与模型组相比, 依哲麦布、辛伐他汀、联合给药以及IMM-H007给药干预2周或4周后, 尿液TMAO均显著降低(P < 0.05), 在给药2周后已显示出明显降低, 对TMAO的检测可能先于血清生化学指标检测而更早实现药效评估。本研究对临床药物及临床试验药物对TMAO的调节作用进行了评价, 为临床用药及药物研究提供了有用的信息。也为TMAO的检测提供了基于2D NMR技术的检测手段, 有助于TMAO检测指标的临床应用。

2D NMR  /  氧化三甲胺  /  尿液  /  高脂血症  /  调血脂药物

Studies have shown that a variety of diseases such as cardiovascular disease, renal disease and cancer are closely related to trimethylamine oxide (TMAO). Clinically, abnormal elevation of TMAO has been used as an evaluation index of atherosclerosis (AS) prior to imaging. In this study, we investigated the effects of lipid metabolism disorders as well as pharmacological interventions on urinary TMAO using a hyperlipidemic golden gopher model. The study used 48 Syrian golden hamster modeled with a high-fat diet for 2 weeks, and then ezetimibe, simvastatin, ezetimibe and simvastatin groups were administered for 4 consecutive weeks, as well as the clinical trial drug, IMM-H007, for pharmacological intervention. The animal experiment was conducted in accordance with the regulations of the Ethics Committee for Experimental Animal Management and Animal Welfare of Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (approval number: SCXK (Beijing) 2021-0011). Urine from rats was analyzed for 2D band selective heteronuclear single quantum coherence (2D bs-HSQC) at week 2 and 4 after drug administration. The results indicated that, in comparison to the control group, the high-fat diet significantly elevated urinary TMAO levels in the model group of hamsters after both 2 and 4 weeks of treatment (P < 0.05). Urinary TMAO levels were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) in the model group after 2 or 4 weeks of intervention with ezetimibe, simvastatin, combination therapy, and IMM-H007, showing a marked decrease even after 2 weeks of treatment. The detection of TMAO could precede the measurement of serum biochemical indicators, facilitating earlier efficacy assessment. This study evaluated the modulatory effects of clinical drugs and clinical trial drugs on TMAO, which provides useful information for clinical drug use and drug research. It also provides a means of TMAO detection based on 2D NMR technology, which is helpful for the clinical application of TMAO detection index.

2D NMR  /  trimethylamine oxide  /  urine  /  hyperlipidemia  /  lipid-modifying drug
许悦, 薛仁亮, 朱浩文, 靳香菊, 王映红. 基于二维定量核磁共振波谱技术评估调血脂临床及临床试验药物对高脂血症金黄地鼠氧化三甲胺的调节作用. 药学学报, 2024 , 59 (12) : 3354 -3360 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0422
Yue XU, Ren-liang XUE, Hao-wen ZHU, Xiang-ju JIN, Ying-hong WANG. Analysis of the modulating effect of lipid-regulating clinical and clinical trial drugs on trimethylamine-oxide in hyperlipidemic hamster based on two-dimensional NMR technique[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2024 , 59 (12) : 3354 -3360 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0422
氧化三甲胺(trimethylamine oxide, TMAO) 是一种肠道微生物依赖的磷脂酰胆碱的代谢产物, 积极参与各种生物反应, 并影响人体内酶和激素的活性, 且与饮食密切相关[1]。肠道微生物区系可将各种膳食营养物质(如磷脂酰胆碱、胆碱、肉碱) 转化为三甲胺(TMA)。大部分TMA进入循环系统, 随后被肝脏黄素单加氧酶(FMO) 氧化为TMAO, 最终随尿液排泄出来[2]。近年来, 越来越多证据表明, 循环中的TMAO成为越来越多慢性疾病的危险因素, 包括心血管疾病(如心力衰竭[3]、动脉粥样硬化[4]、高脂血症[5]和2型糖尿病[1, 6]等)、肾脏疾病[7]和癌症[8]。基于上述研究, TMAO可能成为多种疾病预防和治疗的潜在靶点。检测尿液中TMAO的变化情况, 为疾病早期诊断和干预提供了有用信息及实用的检测方法。高脂血症是诱发心血管疾病的主要危险因素之一, 目前大量实验证实, 脂代谢紊乱与肠道菌群失调密切相关, 而肠道菌群失调又可进一步导致TMAO的含量改变[2]。采用高脂饮食诱导金黄地鼠高脂血症模型, 具有可重复性高, 造模方便快捷且稳定性好的特点, 被广泛用于脂代谢紊乱的研究中。
然而, 目前常见的用于测定TMAO的方法主要有比色法[9]、离子色谱法[10]、高效液相色谱-质谱联用法等, 但这些检测手段各自存在一定的局限性, 在准确性与重复性上存在一定的质疑, 往往不能满足实际需求。核磁共振波谱技术(NMR) 可深入探测物质内部结构而不破坏样品, 并具有对标准品依赖程度低、重复性好等特点, 因为以上特点, 基于核磁共振波谱技术的定性定量分析已广泛应用于临床研究[11, 12]。早期核磁技术实验时间较长, 且灵敏度较低, 在对于生物样本的检测中不如常用的液质联用等方法。随着核磁技术的发展, 定量核磁技术逐渐显示出一定的优势。定量核磁共振波谱技术(quantitative NMR, qNMR) 包括1D和2D技术, 以信号强度与相应原子核数量成正比作为定量基础, 1D NMR技术的尿液检测分析, 已在代谢组学中广泛应用。但基于1H NMR核磁共振波谱技术的代谢组学研究往往存在谱峰重叠的问题, 尿液中TMAO甲基1H NMR信号峰(δH 3.26) 存在严重遮挡, 除TMAO本身外, δH 3.26信号峰还包含了甜菜碱和葡萄糖等物质, 影响分析的准确性。2D NMR技术可以有效减少 1H NMR谱峰的遮挡问题, 特别是异核2D NMR (1H-13C HSQC), 同时具备1H NMR的高灵敏度和13C NMR的高分辨率。但未获得较高的信噪比和分辨率, 且2D NMR采样时间较长, 因此针对复杂混合物系统的检测实用性不高。2D选择性激发技术可以通过选择性地激发感兴趣的13C区域来收集高分辨率光谱以限制F1维度[13], 在2D谱采样中可以选择该技术进行采样, 可在相同的采样范围及采样时间下获得更高的分辨率, 该技术已应用于对人参混合物鉴定中[14]。此外, 非均匀采样(NUS) 使用特定的算法从短数据记录中获得高分辨率光谱[15]。采用2D宽带选择性异核单量子相干(band selective heteronuclear single quantum coherence, 2D bs-HSQC) 与NUS联合的技术可以大大缩短实验时间, 从而使得2D NMR技术在实际定量中具有更高的实用性。
本研究采用2D bs-HSQC联合NUS技术, 对高脂血症金黄地鼠尿液样本中TMAO甲基特征的13C区间进行选择性激发, 并以激发区域中的信号积分值作为变量进行统计分析, 获取高脂血症金黄地鼠及药物干预后地鼠尿液中TMAO的含量, 观察高脂血症及药物干预对尿液TMAO的影响, 为TMAO检测提供更为简单便利的检测方法, 为心血管疾病早期诊断及药物药效评价提供了有用信息及策略。
实验动物  48只雄性叙利亚金黄地鼠, 5~6周龄, 购自北京维通利华实验动物技术有限公司[合格证号: SCXK (京) 2021-0011]。饲养于中国医学科学院药物研究所动物实验中心屏障环境设施中。动物自由摄食饮水, 饲养温度为20~24 ℃, 空气湿度为35%~55%, 光照黑暗各12 h。
动物饲料  基础饲料(control diet, CD) 由中国医学科学院实验动物研究所提供。高脂饲料委托北京华阜康生物科技股份有限公司, 根据本实验室提供配方加工混匀并压制而成, 进行饲喂。配方经预实验确定为胆固醇0.2%, 猪油20%, 基础饲料79.8%。
实验试剂  羧甲基纤维素钠(carboxymethyl cellulose sodium, CMC-Na, 批号: F20170810) 购自国药集团化学试剂有限公司; 依哲麦布原料药(纯度99.8%, 批号: HD146-84-05) 购自和鼎(南京) 医药技术有限公司; 辛伐他汀(批号: HJ20171161) 购自Merck Sharp & Dohme B.V.公司; IMM-H007由中国医学科学院吴松研究员课题组提供, 经高效液相测得纯度为99.5%; 重水(deuterium oxide, D2O) 由Sigma-Aldrich生产, 购自北京金鸥翔科贸有限公司。
实验仪器  3K15多用途低温高速离心机, 德国Sigma公司; Bruker AVANCE Ⅲ-500超导傅里叶变化核磁共振波谱仪, 瑞士布鲁克公司; BT124S天平, 德国赛多利斯公司; SpectraMax 190酶标仪, Molecular Devices公司。
试剂盒  总胆固醇测定试剂盒(批号: 2401126)、甘油三酯测定试剂盒(批号: 241201)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇测定试剂盒(批号: 231871) 均购自中生北控生物科技股份有限公司, 规格为通用型, 2~8 ℃保存。
动物实验  本实验采用高脂饲料饲喂法(high-fat diet, HFD) 诱导金黄地鼠高脂模型的形成。48只金黄地鼠适应性饲养一周后, 除空白对照组(8只), 每日给予基础饲料外, 其余动物(40只) 均给予高脂饲料喂养, 用以诱导高脂血症模型。高脂饮食饲养期间, 基本饲养条件不变。根据血清生化学检测结果, 按照总胆固醇(total cholesterol, TC)、甘油三酯(triglyceride, TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, LDL-C) 数值将成模金黄地鼠均匀划分为模型组(M)、依哲麦布给药组(Y)、辛伐他汀给药组(S)、依哲麦布和辛伐他汀联合给药组(S+Y) 和IMM-H007给药组(H)。其中, 给药方案如下: C组和M组灌胃给予等体积对照溶剂(0.25% CMC-Na); Y组灌胃给予依哲麦布25 mg·kg-1·d-1; S组灌胃给予辛伐他汀4 mg·kg-1·d-1; H组灌胃给予IMM-H007 300 mg·kg-1·d-1; 联合给药剂量同单独给药, 灌胃剂量1 mL·100 g-1。本实验连续给药4周。
血清生化指标检测  第2、4周禁食6 h, 给药0.5 h后取眼内眦静脉血0.2 mL, 静置半小时后以4 000 r·min-1、4 ℃离心10 min, 收集上清液(血清), 按血脂检测试剂盒说明书要求, 测定各样本吸光度, 计算血清中TC、TG、LDL-C浓度。每个样品重复检测两次。
尿液样品收集和前处理  给药2周和4周后用代谢笼收集金黄地鼠尿液12 h, 以4 ℃、10 350 ×g离心5 min, 收集上清液分装, -80 ℃保存, 用于NMR检测实验。
尿液于室温解冻后, 于4 ℃、10 350 ×g离心5 min, 取上清300 μL, 加入300 μL磷酸盐缓冲液(100% D2O, 0.2 mol·L-1 NaH2PO4/K2HPO4, 5 mmol·L-1 DSS, pH 7.4), 混匀, 转移至5 mm核磁共振波谱管, 于25 ℃进行1D NOESY 1H NMR、2D HSQC以及2D bs-HSQC检测。
数据分析  尿液1D NOESY 1H NMR谱图采用Chenomx NMR Suite (V. 7.5, Chenomx, Edomonton, Canada) 软件进行代谢物鉴定, 识别肌酐和TMAO甲基峰化学位移。对2D bs-HSQC谱图进行相位校正后, 对肌酐和TMAO对应峰进行积分, 每张谱图重复积分3次, 以平均值作为积分结果, 按照TMAO/肌酐的峰面积作为TMAO含量标准。
统计学分析  数据采用单因素方差分析。所有数值均以means ± SD或SEM表示, P < 0.05认为差异有统计学意义。
检测给药前和给药后第2、4周时的血清生化指标如表 1所示。结果表明, 在给药前模型组与对照组相比, 血清中TC、LDL-C和TG水平均显著增加(P < 0.05), 表明连续高脂饮食成功导致了金黄地鼠血清中的脂质积聚, 提示造模成功。给药两周后, 依哲麦布给药组、辛伐他汀给药组、依哲麦布和辛伐他汀联合给药组以及IMM-H007给药组血清TC和LDL-C显著降低, 但除依哲麦布给药组外, TG水平与模型组相比无统计学意义。连续灌胃给药4周后, 上述各给药组地鼠血清TC、LDL-C及TG水平均显著降低。
首先, 对处理后的尿液样本进行1D NOESY 1H NMR检测, 结合TMAO结构式, 根据Chenomx NMR Suite (V. 7.5), 鉴定TMAO甲基峰化学位移为3.26 (图 1A)。但由于1D NOESY 1H NMR谱图中δ 3.26处出现峰重叠现象, 经过Chenomx NMR Suite归属后发现, 以C组尿液样本为例, δ 3.26存在氧化三甲胺、甜菜碱和麦芽糖等物质。且对同一组中不同个体尿液样本进行1D NOESY 1H NMR检测发现, 由于个体差异, 在δ 3.26处除上述三种物质外可能还存在葡萄糖等物质, 使得该化学位移下, 不同个体采集的谱图峰形不一致(图 1B), 因此在1H NMR中很难对TMAO含量进行准确测定。
为进一步探索高脂血症金黄地鼠尿液中TMAO的改变情况, 采用2D NMR进行分析。如图 2所示, TMAO (δH 3.26, δC 59.42) 在2D HSQC谱中与相邻峰有较好区分, 但肌酐(δH 4.04, δC 56.30) 所在信号峰附近杂峰较多, 对积分产生一定的影响。为此, 对2D HSQC谱δC 52~61进行选择性激发(图 3B)。采用TD = 128, NS = 4采样条件进行采样, 采样时间为13 min 41 s。此外, 本实验将50% NUS与bs-HSQC NMR结合, 时间缩短至7 min 3 s, 且相较于不加NUS的谱图, 联合NUS技术进行2D bs-HSQC采样后所获取谱图杂峰较少, 实现高通量采集(图 3C)。比较二者谱图, 发现在不加NUS条件下, 利用MestReNova x64测定谱图信噪比(SNR) 为73, 而加入NUS后SNR降低至58, 符合定量实验要求。
对每组除预实验外的六只金黄地鼠尿液样本进行相同检测条件及谱宽下的2D bs-HSQC检测, 对TMAO和肌酐峰分别进行积分, 并统计TMAO/肌酐数值。如表 2所示, 根据单因素检验结果, 与对照组相比, 在给药2周和4周后, 高脂血症模型组金黄地鼠尿液中TMAO均显著升高(P < 0.05)。与模型组相比, 依哲麦布、辛伐他汀、依哲麦布和辛伐他汀联合给药以及IMM-H007给药2周和4周后, 尿液中TMAO含量均较模型组显著降低, 且依哲麦布与辛伐他汀联合给药对TMAO的降低效果更为显著。
为验证加入50% NUS后, 所获取谱图积分准确性, 对给药4周后尿液样本2D bs-HSQC测试所得谱图进行了分析, 获取TMAO与肌酐的信号峰积分比值。如表 23所示, 加入50% NUS技术与不加NUS相一致的是, 与对照组相比, 在给药4周后, 高脂血症金黄地鼠尿液中TMAO显著升高, 且升高近两倍, 而给药后, 各给药组TMAO含量相比于模型组均显著下降。
高脂血症是最常见的血脂异常形式, 是心血管疾病的主要来源, 其特征是外周血中TC、TG和LDL-C水平升高[16, 17]。长期的脂代谢紊乱是诱发动脉粥样硬化和冠心病等心血管疾病的关键因素之一。基于目前心血管疾病检测指标, 如TC、TG、LDL-C或其他影像学方法, 难以对疾病进程进行早期检测及动态跟踪。近年来, TMAO已被发现是心血管疾病发生和进展的危险因素[2, 18], 如指出肠道微生物群和饮食可能导致心血管疾病, 包括动脉粥样硬化等[19]。代谢组学和测序研究揭示了微生物群与心血管疾病之间的密切关联, 例如, 通过利用饮食前体分子左旋肉碱、磷脂酰胆碱和胆碱形成与微生物群相关的TMAO[20-22]。因此, 为全面了解高脂血症早期代谢改变特征, 开发简单便利的尿液中TMAO检测方法, 可以为脂代谢疾病早期发生和发展提供有益信息。
本研究中, 与对照组金黄地鼠相比, 模型组金黄地鼠眼眦血TC、TG、LDL-C在给药前均显著上升, 且在给药后保持基本稳定。与先前研究一致[23], 显示高脂饮食诱导金黄地鼠高脂血症模型造模成功, 模型组地鼠发生脂代谢紊乱。依哲麦布作为首个胆固醇吸收抑制剂类降血脂药物, 临床常用于饮食治疗的辅助疗法[24]。辛伐他汀作为临床常见的降血脂药物, 通过竞争性地抑制胆固醇合成酶系中的限速酶甲基羟戊二酰辅酶A还原酶(HMG-CoA), 使胆固醇合成受到抑制, 但前期研究表明, 辛伐他汀具有一定肝毒性[25], 中剂量辛伐他汀对强化的心血管疾病治疗效果甚微且存在一定不良反应[26]。依哲麦布与辛伐他汀联合给药, 兼具抑制胆固醇合成和吸收的作用, 在临床具有一定的实用价值[27, 28]。此外, 由中国医学科学院自主研发的IMM-H007已被证明具有良好的降血脂疗效, 目前进入临床试验阶段。本研究中, 给药两周后, 依哲麦布给药组、辛伐他汀给药组、联合给药组以及IMM-H007给药组TC和LDL-C水平相较模型组均显著降低, 但降TG效果不明显。给药4周, 各组TC、LDL-C以及TG均较模型组显著下降, 表明给药4周药效更为显著。
对给药2周和4周后金黄地鼠尿液样本进行1D NOESY 1H NMR检测, 结果表明, TMAO与肌酐峰高比在模型组显著升高, 这与先前研究基本一致[29]。由于TMAO通过肝脏产生, 从尿液排出体外, 因此, 尿液中TMAO的含量一定程度上代表了肠道菌群及体内代谢的改变[30]。但由于氢谱在TMAO甲基峰处存在显著峰重叠, 因此, 对TMAO的相对定量可能随样品的不同而产生差异, 从而影响分析结果。
本研究采取2D bs-HSQC选择性激发TMAO所在13C区间, 联合NUS技术获取各组尿液的2D bs-HSQC谱图, 对峰积分获取TMAO/肌酐含量。该方法样品处理简单, 且NUS技术的加入, 使得实验时间减少近一半, 对大批量生物样品或混合物样品的测定提供了便利。结果显示, 模型组金黄地鼠尿液中TMAO含量显著升高, 约升高至对照组的两倍。而给药2周和4周后, 各给药组TMAO水平均降低。TMAO含量在尿液中的升高与降低, 与血清中TC和LDL-C呈现相似的趋势, 推测TMAO与血清中TC及LDL-C也存在相关性。研究结果一方面表明调血脂药物依哲麦布、辛伐他汀和IMM-H007均显著调节TMAO代谢。另一方面, 进一步证明TMAO与脂代谢紊乱具有很大的相关性。此外, 对不加NUS所获取的2D bs-HSQC谱图积分结果显示出与加入NUS技术所获取的谱图积分结果几乎一致, 初步验证了该方法的准确性。
综上所述, 本研究采用2D NMR技术对高脂血症金黄地鼠尿液样本进行TMAO定量分析, 与其他测定技术如液质联用相比, 2D NMR技术获取尿液样本TMAO含量数据直观且处理简单。此外, NMR测定样本可实现回收后再利用, 在定量的同时可以获取尿液样本代谢数据以及其他数据, 实现样本的充分利用。本研究结果显示在脂代谢紊乱后, 金黄地鼠尿液中TMAO显著升高, 而降血脂药物干预降低尿液TMAO含量, TMAO与脂代谢相关心血管疾病的紧密关系再次被证实。本研究为脂代谢检测提供了方便快捷的检测方式, 为临床心血管疾病早期诊断提供了有益的检测策略。除此之外, 若寻找合适的外源性内标对TMAO进行定量分析, 可能更为准确。
作者贡献: 许悦和王映红负责整体设计、数据分析和文章撰写; 朱浩文和靳香菊负责核磁样本测试实验; 薛仁亮负责文献整理和论文修改。
利益冲突: 本文无利益冲突。
  • 国家科技重大专项项目(2018ZX09711001-002-004)
  • 北京自然科学基金项目(7232259)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
Thomas MS, Fernandez ML. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), diet and cardiovascular disease [J]. Curr Atheroscler Rep, 2021, 23: 12.
[2]
Tang WHW, Wang ZE, Levison BS, et al. Intestinal microbial metabolism of phosphatidylcholine and cardiovascular risk [J]. N Engl J Med, 2013, 368: 1575-1584.
[3]
Zhang YX, Wang Y, Ke BB, et al. TMAO: how gut microbiota contributes to heart failure [J]. Transl Res, 2021, 228: 109-125.
[4]
Zhu YQ, Li QQ, Jiang H. Gut microbiota in atherosclerosis: focus on trimethylamine N-oxide [J]. APMIS, 2020, 128: 353-366.
[5]
Shanmugham M, Bellanger S, Leo CH. Gut-derived metabolite, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) in cardio-metabolic diseases: detection, mechanism, and potential therapeutics [J]. Pharmaceuticals, 2023, 16: 504.
[6]
Huo LX, Li H, Zhu M, et al. Enhanced trimethylamine metabolism and gut dysbiosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus with microalbumin [J]. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), 2023, 14: 1257457.
[7]
Cho CE, Caudill MA. Trimethylamine-oxide: friend, foe, or simply caught in the cross-fire? [J] Trends Endocrinol Metab, 2017, 28: 121-130.
[8]
Oellgaard J, Winther SA, Hansen TS, et al. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) as a new potential therapeutic target for insulin resistance and cancer [J]. Curr Pharm Des, 2017, 23: 3699-3712.
[9]
Bockus AB, Seibel BA. Trimethylamine oxide accumulation as a function of depth in Hawaiian mid-water fishes [J]. Deep Sea Res Part I Oceanogr Res Pap, 2016, 112: 37-44.
[10]
Gibb SW, Hatton AD. The occurrence and distribution of trimethylamine-N-oxide in antarctic coastal waters [J]. Mar Chem, 2004, 91: 65-75.
[11]
Wang Q, Oliver-Williams C, Raitakari OT, et al. Metabolic profiling of angiopoietin-like protein 3 and 4 inhibition: a drug-target mendelian randomization analysis [J]. Eur Heart J, 2021, 42: 1160-1169.
[12]
Garcia E, Wolak-Dinsmore J, Wang ZN, et al. NMR quantification of trimethylamine-oxide in human serum and plasma in the clinical laboratory setting [J]. Clin Biochem, 2017, 50: 947-955.
[13]
Çiçek SS, Ugolini T, Girreser U. Two-dimensional qNMR of anthraquinones in Frangula alnus (Rhamnus frangula) using surrogate standards and delay time adaption [J]. Anal Chim Acta, 2019, 1081: 131-137.
[14]
Guo C, Dong J, Deng L, et al. Application of band-selective HSQC NMR in species discrimination and adulteration identification of Panax linn [J]. Molecules, 2023, 28: 4332.
[15]
Gołowicz D, Kasprzak P, Orekhov V, et al. Fast time-resolved NMR with non-uniform sampling [J]. Prog Nucl Magn Reson Spectrosc, 2020, 116: 40-55.
[16]
Ascha MS, Hanouneh IA, Lopez R, et al. The incidence and risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis [J]. Hepatology, 2010, 51: 1972-1978.
[17]
Su X, Peng H, Chen X, et al. Hyperlipidemia and hypothyroidism [J]. Clin Chim Acta, 2022, 527: 61-70.
[18]
Koeth RA, Wang ZE, Levison BS, et al. Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis [J]. Nat Med, 2013, 19: 576-585.
[19]
Canyelles M, Borràs C, Rotllan N, et al. Gut microbiota-derived TMAO: a causal factor promoting atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease? [J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2023, 24: 1940.
[20]
Mendelsohn AR, Larrick JW. Dietary modification of the microbiome affects risk for cardiovascular disease [J]. Rejuvenation Res, 2013, 16: 241-244.
[21]
Tang WHW, Hazen SL. The contributory role of gut microbiota in cardiovascular disease [J]. J Clin Invest, 2014, 124: 4204-4211.
[22]
Din AU, Hassan A, Zhu Y, et al. Amelioration of TMAO through probiotics and its potential role in atherosclerosis [J]. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 2019, 103: 9217-9228.
[23]
Li T, Sun S, Zhang J, et al. Beneficial metabolic effects of 2′, 3′, 5′-triacetyl-N6-(3-hydroxylaniline) adenosine in multiple biological matrices and intestinal flora of hyperlipidemic hamsters [J]. J Proteome Res, 2018, 17: 2870-2879.
[24]
Strilchuk L, Tocci G, Fogacci F, et al. An overview of rosuvastatin/ezetimibe association for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and mixed dyslipidemia [J]. Expert Opin Pharmacother, 2020, 21: 531-539.
[25]
Hareedy MS, Ahmed EA, Ali MF. Montelukast modifies simvastatin-induced myopathy and hepatotoxicity [J]. Drug Dev Res, 2019, 80: 1000-1009.
[26]
Jessurun NT, Drent M, Wijnen PA, et al. Role of drug-gene interactions and pharmacogenetics in simvastatin-associated pulmonary toxicity [J]. Drug Saf, 2021, 44: 1179-1191.
[27]
Hernandez-Mijares A, Bañuls C, Rovira-Llopis S, et al. Effects of simvastatin, ezetimibe and simvastatin/ezetimibe on mitochondrial function and leukocyte/endothelial cell interactions in patients with hypercholesterolemia [J]. Atherosclerosis, 2016, 247: 40-47.
[28]
Sliz E, Kettunen J, Holmes MV, et al. Metabolomic consequences of genetic inhibition of PCSK9 compared with statin treatment [J]. Circulation, 2018, 138: 2499-2512.
[29]
Organ CL, Otsuka H, Bhushan S, et al. Choline diet and its gut microbe-derived metabolite, trimethylamine N-oxide, exacerbate pressure overload-induced heart failure [J. Circ Heart Fail, 2016, 9: e002314.
[30]
He M, Yu H, Lei P, et al. Determination of trimethylamine N-oxide and betaine in serum and food by targeted metabonomics [J]. Molecules, 2021, 26: 1334.
2024年第59卷第12期
PDF下载
228
100
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0422
  • 接收时间:2024-05-05
  • 首发时间:2025-11-24
  • 出版时间:2024-12-12
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-05
  • 修回日期:2024-09-02
基金
国家科技重大专项项目(2018ZX09711001-002-004)
北京自然科学基金项目(7232259)
作者信息
    中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 北京 100050

通讯作者:

*王映红, Tel: 86-10-63165216, E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0422
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏