Article(id=1199783104274592454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1199783099115598386, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0329, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1712505600000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-08, revisedDate=1723651200000, revisedDateStr=2024-08-15, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763980182951, onlineDateStr=2025-11-24, pubDate=1731340800000, pubDateStr=2024-11-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763980182951, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763980182951, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763980182951, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1199783099115598386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2024', volume='59', issue='11', pageStart='2897', pageEnd='3178', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763980181720, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764225007568, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200809973203726680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1199783099115598386, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200809973203726681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1199783099115598386, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3130, endPage=3134, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1199783104601748193, articleId=1199783104274592454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Phenolic acid compounds from Phellodendron chinense and their activity on α-glucosidase inhibition, columnId=null, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The non-alkaloid chemical constituents of dried Phellodendron chinense barks were investigated. A total of 14 phenolic compounds (1-14) were isolated from the 95% ethanol extract of Phellodendron chinense by the utilization of silica gel, medium pressure liquid chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and preparative liquid chromatography. Among of the isolated compounds, isophellolactone (1) was identified as a new compound. The isolated 14 compounds were further tested the activity on α-glucosidase inhibition. The results for the first time demonstrated that quininic acid ester 3-6 and 8 exhibited good α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Polyhydroxy hexa-membered carbon ring in quinine ester derivatives is possibly the essential group for the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.

, correspAuthors=Xuan-qin CHEN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yu-lin ZHANG, Si-qi LI, Lan-zhu ZHU, Xuan-qin CHEN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1199783106753426224, articleId=1199783104274592454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=黄皮树中的酚酸类化合物及抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

对黄皮树(Phellodendron chinense) 干燥树皮的非生物碱部分进行化学成分研究。采用硅胶柱色谱、中压液相色谱、葡聚糖凝胶Sephadex LH-20柱色谱及制备液相色谱等多种色谱技术, 从黄皮树95%乙醇提取物中分离鉴定了14个化合物, 其中isophellolactone (1) 为新化合物。对这14个化合物进行了抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性筛选, 首次发现奎宁酸酯类化合物3~68有较好的抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性, 多羟基六元碳环可能是其活性的关键基团。

, correspAuthors=陈宣钦, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*陈宣钦, E-mail:
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No. δH δC HMBC (H→C)
1′ 175.8
2′ 4.49 (s, 1H) 73.1 C-1′, C-3′, C-5′
3′ 75.8
4′a 4.42 (d, 1H) 72.6 C-1′, C-3′, C-5′
4′b 4.21 (d, 1H) C-1′, C-3′, C-5′
5′ 4.45 (s, 1H), 4.32 (d, 1H) 64.3 C-1, C-3, C-5, C-7
1 120.4
2 7.50 (s, 1H) 112.4 C-3, C-4, C-6, C-7
3 147.2
4 151.5
5 6.83 (d, 1H, 8.2 Hz) 114.4 C-1, C-2, C-3, C-4, C-7
6 7.53 (d, 1H, 8.0 Hz) 123.9 C-2, C-4, C-7
7 166.1
3-OCH3 3.91 (s, 3H) 55.1 C-3
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1H NMR, 13C NMR spectral data and HMBC correlations of compound 1

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No. δH δC HMBC (H→C)
1′ 175.8
2′ 4.49 (s, 1H) 73.1 C-1′, C-3′, C-5′
3′ 75.8
4′a 4.42 (d, 1H) 72.6 C-1′, C-3′, C-5′
4′b 4.21 (d, 1H) C-1′, C-3′, C-5′
5′ 4.45 (s, 1H), 4.32 (d, 1H) 64.3 C-1, C-3, C-5, C-7
1 120.4
2 7.50 (s, 1H) 112.4 C-3, C-4, C-6, C-7
3 147.2
4 151.5
5 6.83 (d, 1H, 8.2 Hz) 114.4 C-1, C-2, C-3, C-4, C-7
6 7.53 (d, 1H, 8.0 Hz) 123.9 C-2, C-4, C-7
7 166.1
3-OCH3 3.91 (s, 3H) 55.1 C-3
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黄皮树中的酚酸类化合物及抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性
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张玉林 , 李思琪 , 朱兰珠 , 陈宣钦 *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2024,59(11): 3130-3134
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2024, 59(11): 3130-3134
黄皮树中的酚酸类化合物及抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性
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张玉林, 李思琪, 朱兰珠, 陈宣钦*
作者信息
  • 昆明理工大学生命科学与技术学院, 云南 昆明 650500

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*陈宣钦, E-mail:
Phenolic acid compounds from Phellodendron chinense and their activity on α-glucosidase inhibition
Yu-lin ZHANG, Si-qi LI, Lan-zhu ZHU, Xuan-qin CHEN*
Affiliations
  • Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
出版时间: 2024-11-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0329
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对黄皮树(Phellodendron chinense) 干燥树皮的非生物碱部分进行化学成分研究。采用硅胶柱色谱、中压液相色谱、葡聚糖凝胶Sephadex LH-20柱色谱及制备液相色谱等多种色谱技术, 从黄皮树95%乙醇提取物中分离鉴定了14个化合物, 其中isophellolactone (1) 为新化合物。对这14个化合物进行了抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性筛选, 首次发现奎宁酸酯类化合物3~68有较好的抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性, 多羟基六元碳环可能是其活性的关键基团。

黄皮树  /  非生物碱  /  酚酸类  /  isophellolactone  /  α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性

The non-alkaloid chemical constituents of dried Phellodendron chinense barks were investigated. A total of 14 phenolic compounds (1-14) were isolated from the 95% ethanol extract of Phellodendron chinense by the utilization of silica gel, medium pressure liquid chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and preparative liquid chromatography. Among of the isolated compounds, isophellolactone (1) was identified as a new compound. The isolated 14 compounds were further tested the activity on α-glucosidase inhibition. The results for the first time demonstrated that quininic acid ester 3-6 and 8 exhibited good α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Polyhydroxy hexa-membered carbon ring in quinine ester derivatives is possibly the essential group for the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.

Phellodendron chinense  /  non-alkaloid  /  phenolic acid  /  isophellolactone  /  α-glucosidase inhibitory activity
张玉林, 李思琪, 朱兰珠, 陈宣钦. 黄皮树中的酚酸类化合物及抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性. 药学学报, 2024 , 59 (11) : 3130 -3134 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0329
Yu-lin ZHANG, Si-qi LI, Lan-zhu ZHU, Xuan-qin CHEN. Phenolic acid compounds from Phellodendron chinense and their activity on α-glucosidase inhibition[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2024 , 59 (11) : 3130 -3134 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0329
芸香科黄檗属在我国有2种及1变种[1], 包括黄皮树(Phellodendron chinense Schneid.) 和黄檗(Phellodendron amurense Rupr.) 以及变种秃叶黄皮树(Phellodendron chinense Schneid. var. glabriusculum Schneid.)。黄柏(中药名) 是指黄皮树或黄檗的干燥树皮, 黄皮树主产于西南地区, 如四川、贵州、云南和广西等地, 常称为川黄柏; 黄檗主产于东北三省以及内蒙古等地, 如黑龙江、河北、内蒙古、辽宁和吉林, 常称为关黄柏[2]
现代药理学研究表明黄柏有抗氧化[3]、抗炎[4]、抗溃疡[5]、抗前列腺癌[6]、免疫调节[7]神经保护[8]和气道平滑肌松弛等多种活性, 临床上应用广泛[9, 10]。如黄柏胶囊(用于泻痢、湿疹瘙痒、带下、热淋、黄疸、脚气、遗精、疮疡肿毒、骨蒸劳热、盗汗和湿疹瘙痒)、黄柏八味丸(清热燥湿、泻火除蒸和解毒疗疮)、黄柏果油软胶囊(呼吸系统、化痰止咳、哮喘用药、感冒咳嗽、呼吸道感染、咳血盗汗、胸腔积液、抗结核、肺癌、气管炎和肺炎) 和杞菊地黄丸(用于肝肾阴亏、眩晕耳鸣、羞明畏光、迎风流泪、视物昏花)。
黄柏中的生物碱是其重要的化学成分之一, 含量高达3%以上, 目前对黄柏的化学成分和药理作用的研究大部分集中在生物碱部分, 现已从黄柏中分离得到100多个生物碱。黄柏中主要生物碱骨架为原小檗碱型生物碱(小檗碱)、伪小檗碱型生物碱(小黄连素)、阿朴菲型生物碱(木兰碱)、喹啉类生物碱(白藓碱) 和吲哚型生物碱(吴茱萸次碱) 等, 原小檗碱型生物碱是黄柏中最具代表性的化学成分[11, 12]。黄柏中的生物碱具有多种生物活性, 包括降血糖[13]、抗氧化[14]、抗炎[15]和抗菌[16]等作用。对非生物碱部分的研究相对较少, 本文对黄柏95%乙醇提取物非生物碱部分[17, 18]进行了化学成分研究, 从中分离得到14个酚酸类化合物(图 1), 分别鉴定为isophellolactone (1)、phellolactone (2)、(-)-5-O-阿魏酰奎宁酸甲酯(3)、(-)-4-O-阿魏酰奎宁酸甲酯(4)、(-)-5-O-阿魏酰奎宁酸乙酯(5)、(-)-4-O-阿魏酰奎宁酸乙酯(6)、amurenlactone A (7)、3, 5-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸乙酯(8)、阿魏酸甲酯(9)、4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基(E)-3-(4-羟基-2-甲氧基苯)丙烯酸酯(10)、4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基(E)-3-(3-羟基-5-甲氧基苯)丙烯酸酯(11)、(E)-3-羟基-4-甲氧基肉桂酸(12)、(E)-3, 4-二甲氧基苯基丙酸酐(13) 和(E)-2-羟基-4-((3-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)丙烯酰基)氧基)苯甲酸甲酯(14), 并对14个化合物的抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性进行了评价。
化合物1为油状, 通过高分辨质谱(HR-ESI-MS) 给出准分子离子峰为m/z 299.076 5 [M+H]+ (计算值为299.076 1) 和321.058 6 [M+Na]+ (计算值为321.058 1) 及1H NMR和13C NMR波谱数据可确定其分子式为C13H14O8, 不饱和度为7。1H NMR谱中显示在δH 7.61 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz, H-6′), 7.57 (1H, s, H-2′) 和6.88 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz, H-5′) 处有一组ABX信号, 为一个1, 3, 4-三取代苯环, δH 3.91 (s, 3H) 处有一个甲氧基信号(表 1图 2)。13C NMR谱中共显示13个碳信号, 结合DEPT谱, 可知其中包括两个羰基δC 175.8 (C-1) 和166.1 (C-7′), 一个连氧甲基δC 55.1, 两个亚甲基δC 72.6 (C-4) 和64.3 (C-5), 四个次甲基δC 73.1 (C-2), 112.4 (C-2), 114.4 (C-5) 和123.9 (C-6), 四个季碳δC 75.8 (C-3), 120.4 (C-1), 147.2 (C-3) 和151.5 (C-4) (表 1图 2)。化合物1的核磁数据与phellolactone (化合物2) 十分相似[17], 除了化合物1的C-2′位碳信号从69.6位移到73.1, C-4′位碳信号从71.4位移到72.6。同时, 化合物1和phellolactone在HPLC上具有相似的紫外吸收特征, 二者的保留时间相差∆tR = 0.588 min。综合phellolactone结构及以上NMR的差异, 确定化合物1是phellolactone C-2′位差向异构体, 通过ECD计算确定其绝对构型为2′S, 3′R (图 3), 命名为isophellolactone。
采用α-葡萄糖苷酶诱导4-硝基苯基-β-吡喃葡萄糖苷(pNPG) 生成对硝基苯酚(pNP) 的体外筛选模型, 对化合物1~14抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性进行了评价。发现化合物3~68在120 μmol·L-1浓度下对α-葡萄糖苷酶有较好的抑制活性, 抑制率分别为85.7%、72.5%、86.6%、90.7%和87.5%, 其余化合物均未表现出明显的α-葡萄糖苷酶活性。进一步测定了化合物3~68在多个浓度下的α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的抑制率, 发现呈剂量依赖性, 并计算其IC50分别为94.7、34.7、89.8、53.2和64.2 μmol·L-1, 阳性对照为阿卡波糖, 其IC50值为81.9 μmol·L-1
α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂是通过阻碍体内葡萄糖的分解[19, 20], 阻止小肠对葡萄糖的吸收, 达到降血糖的效果, 其优点是可使血糖维持在一定水平, 并减少并发症的发生。目前, 上市的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂主要包括伏格列波糖、阿卡波糖和米格列醇, 但是也有一些不良反应, 主要表现为腹部不适, 其原因是糖类物质积聚在肠道内, 引起细菌发生酵解, 最终导致小肠疾病。此外, 不良反应也包括心跳不规则、皮肤敏感和肝功能受损等。最近, 一种甘露聚糖在Ⅰ期临床试验中, 通过抑制碳水化合物水解显著降低了患者餐后葡萄糖对高淀粉饮食的反应[21], 但因不良反应持续存在, 患者对治疗的依从性较低, 因而被提前终止。因此, 寻找新型安全的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂仍然具有一定的临床需求。天然的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂广泛存在于植物中, 如黄酮类(水飞蓟素A)[22]、萜类(agarozizanol E)[23]、生物碱(小檗碱)、酚类(白藜芦醇苷)、多糖类(桑叶多糖) 等。本研究对从黄皮树中分离得到的14个化合物进行了抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性筛选, 首次发现奎宁酸酯类化合物3~68有较好的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性。含有多羟基的五元/六元环葡萄糖衍生物及其类似物是一类重要的α-葡萄糖苷酶化合物, 现有的药物均为此类型。多羟基五元/六元环葡萄糖衍生物结构与葡萄糖相似, 主要通过与体内的糖竞争结合α-葡萄糖苷酶, 抑制其活性, 多羟基五元/六元环是结合的关键部位和活性必需基团。化合物3~68中奎宁酸部分具有多羟基六元碳环结构, 可能是其活性的关键基团。此外, 奎宁酸酯类广泛存在于植物中, 资源丰富, 在发现和开发新型α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂类降血糖药物具有很大的潜力。
BrukerAvance Ⅲ HD 600 MHz核磁共振波谱仪; Q Exactive液相色谱超高分辨质谱联用仪(美国Thermo公司); Agilent 1260型高效液相色谱仪, 配备ZORBAX SB-C18反相柱(分析型: 150 mm × 4.6 mm, 1 mL·min-1; 半制备型: 9.4 mm × 250 mm, 3 mL·min-1) 和二极管阵列检测器(美国Agilent公司); Hei-VAP Value G3型旋转蒸发仪(德国Heidolph公司); 3111型CO2恒温培养箱(美国ThermoFisher公司); Spectra Max M2多功能读板机(美国Molecular Devices公司); 薄层色谱硅胶GF254、柱色谱硅胶(青岛海洋化工厂); SephadexLH-20 (瑞典GE Healthcare Biosciences公司); ODS-C18 (75 μm) 反相填充材料(日本YMC公司); DMSO (北京Solarbio公司); α-葡萄糖苷酶(日本Olympus公司); 圆二色谱仪(英国应用光物理有限公司)。
黄皮树树皮于2022年9月购自昆明螺蛳湾药材市场, 并由上昆明理工大学李洪梅教授鉴定, 样品标本存于昆明理工大学生命科学技术大楼资源药物化学重点实验室。
干燥的黄皮树树皮5.0 kg, 粉碎后, 用95%乙醇室温渗漉提取, 减压浓缩得总浸膏约500 g。将黄皮树总浸膏混悬于热水中, 依次用石油醚、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取, 减压回收溶剂后得到不同极性的萃取部位。乙酸乙酯萃取部位16.0 g经200~300目硅胶色谱柱, 石油醚-乙酸乙酯系统(100∶1~0∶1) 不同比例梯度洗脱, TLC检测合并相同组分, 得到7个组分(Fr.1~Fr.7)。Fr.2经硅胶色谱柱, 石油醚-乙酸乙酯(30∶1~0∶1) 梯度洗脱得到Fr.2.1~Fr.2.6, Fr.2.5经过ODS柱色谱, 水-甲醇(9∶1~0∶10) 洗脱得到Fr.2.5.1~Fr.2.5.4, Fr.2.5.3经Sephadex LH-20凝胶色谱柱甲醇洗脱和制备液相色谱(30%~95%) 梯度洗脱, 再经薄层色谱制备(二氯甲烷-乙酸乙酯, 40∶1) 纯化得到化合物1 (2.7 mg) 和化合物2 (13.0 mg)。Fr.6经硅胶色谱柱, 二氯甲烷-甲醇系统(1∶0~0∶1) 梯度洗脱得到Fr.6.1~Fr.6.5, Fr.6.2经ODS柱色谱, 水-甲醇(9∶1~0∶1) 洗脱得到Fr.6.2.1~Fr.6.2.5, Fr.6.2.1~Fr.6.2.4再经Sephadex LH-20凝胶色谱柱(二氯甲烷-甲醇, 1∶1) 洗脱, 再经制备薄层色谱(二氯甲烷-甲醇, 10∶1) 纯化得到化合物3 (13.0 mg)、4 (15.0 mg)、5 (2.0 mg)、6 (22.6 mg)、7 (32.0 mg) 和8 (52.9 mg)。Fr.7 (3.3 g) 被中压反相C18柱(梯度洗脱剂为甲醇-水, 10∶90~100∶0) 分为7个部分(Fr.7.1~Fr.7.7)。Fr.7.1 (1.41 g) 过硅胶柱(二氯甲烷-甲醇, 20∶1), 被分为4个部分(Fr.7.1.1~Fr.7.1.4), Fr.7.1.1 (743.0 mg) 先后过凝胶色谱柱(甲醇) 和硅胶色谱柱(二氯甲烷-甲醇, 20∶1) 除杂, 再经制备HPLC (甲醇-水, 30∶70, 10 mL·min-1) 进一步纯化, 最终获得化合物10 (40.8 mg) 和12 (10.3 mg)。Fr.7.1.4 (165.8 mg), 过硅胶色谱柱(二氯甲烷-甲醇, 20∶1) 被分为5个部分(Fr.7.1.4.1~Fr.7.1.4.5), Fr.7.1.4.2 (38.5 mg) 经凝胶色谱柱(甲醇) 纯化, 得到化合物9 (11.7 mg) 和11 (2.3 mg)。Fr.7.1.4.4 (231.2 mg) 过凝胶色谱柱(甲醇), 得到化合物13 (47.7 mg) 和14 (12.8 mg)。
化合物1: 无色油状, HR-ESI-MS m/z 299.076 5 [M+H]+ (计算值为299.076 1) 和321.058 6 [M+Na]+ (计算值为321.058 1), ECD λmax (Δε) 220 (-1.69), 1H NMR (600 MHz, CD3OD) 和13C NMR (151 MHz, CD3OD) 见表 1
将化合物1 (1.0 mg) 和2 (0.5 mg) 分别用1.0 mL甲醇溶解, 过滤, 使用Agilent1260高效液相色谱仪(甲醇-水, 20∶80) 进行分析, 然后使用移液枪分别从两个液相小瓶中取样品200 μL, 使用高校液相色谱仪进行分析(甲醇-水, 15∶85)。
化合物1有4个绝对构型异构体, 分别在Chem3D中优化后, 将合适的化合物构象通过CONFLEX软件在MMFF94S下的10 kcal·mol-1能量窗口内生成[24]。在B3LYP/6-31G (d) 水平上, 使用DFT (密度泛函理论) 的方法再次优化每一个模型化合物的分布较高的构象(占比 > 1%)[25]。然后再在B3LYP/6-311+G (2d, p) 水平上, 运用TDDFT法对它们的ECD进行计算。所有上述计算均使用Gaussian 16软件完成, ECD曲线由SpecDis 1.71生成[26]。根据每种构象的光谱进行玻尔兹曼权重分析后合并, 并对其进行紫外校正。
采用α-葡萄糖苷酶诱导pNPG生成pNP的体外筛选模型, 对化合物1~14抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性进行了评价。实验分为四个组, 分别为空白组(B)、对照组(C)、样品空白组(SB) 和样品组(S), 每组6个平行。以pNPG为底物, 阿卡波糖作为阳性对照, 将α-葡萄糖苷酶溶液(0.483 8 U·mL-1) 20 μL、磷酸盐缓冲溶液(0.1 mol·L-1, pH 6.8) 90 μL和不同浓度的样品溶液30 μL加入96孔板, 37 ℃孵育20 min, 再加入pNPG溶液(10 mmol·L-1) 40 μL, 37 ℃孵育20 min, 最后加入0.2 mol·L-1碳酸钠溶液70 μL终止反应, 在405 nm处测定样品吸光度(A)。空白和样品空白组中用等体积的磷酸盐缓冲液代替α-葡萄糖苷酶溶液, 空白和对照组中用等体积的磷酸盐缓冲溶液代替样品溶液, 根据不同浓度样品的抑制率可计算出IC50, 见式(1)。
$ \mathrm{抑}\mathrm{制}\mathrm{率}=\frac{\left({A}_{\mathrm{C}}-{A}_{\mathrm{B}}\right)-({A}_{\mathrm{S}}-{A}_{\mathrm{S}\mathrm{B}})}{\left({A}_{\mathrm{C}}-{A}_{\mathrm{B}}\right)} × 100\% $
实验数据采用SPSS 18.0数据处理软件进行统计分析, 以x ± s表示。
作者贡献: 陈宣钦负责课题的设计和稿件修订; 张玉林负责药材的提取、实验实施、数据核实、文章撰写和化合物的活性筛选工作; 李思琪负责实验实施、技术指导和修改论文; 朱兰珠负责药材的提取和实验实施。
利益冲突: 所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突。
  • 云南省重点研发计划-中药防治新发突发传染病产业技术创新平台建设及示范应用(202103AC10005)
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2024年第59卷第11期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0329
  • 接收时间:2024-04-08
  • 首发时间:2025-11-24
  • 出版时间:2024-11-12
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-08
  • 修回日期:2024-08-15
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云南省重点研发计划-中药防治新发突发传染病产业技术创新平台建设及示范应用(202103AC10005)
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    昆明理工大学生命科学与技术学院, 云南 昆明 650500

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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