Article(id=1199786458274952103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1199786450628735631, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0281, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1711468800000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-27, revisedDate=1716825600000, revisedDateStr=2024-05-28, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763980982606, onlineDateStr=2025-11-24, pubDate=1726070400000, pubDateStr=2024-09-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763980982606, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763980982606, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763980982606, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1199786450628735631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2024', volume='59', issue='9', pageStart='2417', pageEnd='2676', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763980980784, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764225057364, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200810182063280632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1199786450628735631, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200810182063280633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1199786450628735631, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2519, endPage=2528, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1199786459835233230, articleId=1199786458274952103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=2-(2-Phenylethyl)chromones from agarwood of Aquilaria agallocha and their inhibitory activity against KRAS mutant NSCLC, columnId=null, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromones were separated from agarwood of Aquilaria agallocha Roxb. and their anti-KRAS mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) activities were evaluated. 2-(2-Phenyethyl)chromones in agarwood were separated and purified by silica gel, RP-18 reverse phase silica gel, MCI gel CH20P, Diol, and semi preparative HPLC chromatography techniques, while the structures of the compounds were identified by extensive spectroscopic analysis, such as 1D and 2D NMR and ESI-MS. The cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) assay was used to screen the anti-tumor activity of the isolated monomeric compounds on three KRAS-mutant NSCLC cells. The cell proliferation, cloning formation, adhesion ability, and cell cycle arrest activity of compound 8 were analyzed. Molecular docking and Western blot experiments were used to study the mechanism of compound 8. The in vivo anti-tumor activity of the compound 8 was evaluated by zebrafish cell derived xenograft (CDX) model. Nineteen known 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromones were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of agarwood. On A549 (KRAS G12S) cells, compounds 8, 10, and 19 showed good inhibitory activity, on H23 (KRAS G12C) cells, compounds 7, 8, and 19 showed good inhibitory activity, and on H358 (KRAS G12C) cells, compounds 8, 10, and 16 showed good inhibitory activity. Compound 8 had the best inhibitory activity in all three cell lines. It effectively inhibited cell proliferation, clone formation, adhesion ability, and arrested the H23 cell cycle at G2/M phase. Compound 8 could also inhibit the expression of c-Met and its downstream signaling pathways, effectively inhibiting tumor growth in zebrafish CDX model. In conclusion, among the nineteen known 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromones, compound 8 had the best activity and significantly inhibited the proliferation of KRAS-mutant NSCLC cells by arresting the cells in the G2/M phase.

, correspAuthors=Fa-ping BAI, Xue-ting CAI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Bao-juan XING, Yi-fan FU, He CUI, Qian ZHOU, Zhi-kang WANG, Peng CAO, Fa-ping BAI, Xue-ting CAI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1199786461798166641, articleId=1199786458274952103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=沉香中2-(2-苯乙基)色酮类成分及其抗KRAS突变NSCLC活性, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

研究瑞香科植物沉香中2-(2-苯乙基)色酮类成分及其抗KRAS突变非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC) 活性。综合利用硅胶、RP-18反相硅胶、MCI gel CH20P、Diol和半制备HPLC等柱色谱技术, 以及1D、2D NMR和ESI-MS等方法, 对沉香中2-(2-苯乙基)色酮类化合物进行分离、纯化和鉴定; 采用CCK-8试剂盒(cell counting kit 8) 在3种KRAS突变NSCLC细胞上对分离得到的单体化合物进行抗肿瘤活性筛选。进一步对活性较好的化合物8进行细胞增殖、克隆形成、黏附能力及周期阻滞活性分析; 采用分子对接、Western blot实验开展机制研究; 通过斑马鱼异种移植瘤(cell derived xenograft, CDX) 模型评价化合物8体内抗肿瘤活性。从沉香乙酸乙酯萃取部位中分离得到19个已知的2-(2-苯乙基)色酮; 在A549 (KRAS G12S) 细胞上, 化合物81019抑制活性较好, 在H23 (KRAS G12C) 细胞上, 化合物7819抑制活性较好, 在H358 (KRAS G12C) 细胞上, 化合物81016抑制活性较好, 化合物8在三株细胞中抑制活性均较好, 且能够有效抑制细胞增殖、克隆形成和黏附能力, 并将H23细胞周期阻滞于G2/M期; 化合物8能够抑制c-Met及其下游信号通路的表达, 能够抑制斑马鱼CDX模型体内肿瘤的增殖。综上所述, 19个已知的2-(2-苯乙基)色酮化合物中, 化合物8KRAS突变NSCLC活性最好, 主要通过将细胞阻滞于G2/M期抑制KRAS突变NSCLC的增殖。

, correspAuthors=白发平, 蔡雪婷, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*白发平,E-mail: ;
蔡雪婷,E-mail:
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A-D: Compound <strong>8</strong> could arrest the H23 cell cycle at G2/M phase and promote apoptosis; * represented the difference G2/M phase or early apoptosis <i>vs</i> control group; E: H23 cells became round after compound <strong>8</strong> treatment; F: Compound <strong>8</strong> affected cyclin protein expression in a dose-dependent manner. <i>n</i> = 3, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula"><tex-math id="M4">$ \stackrel{-}{x}\pm s $</tex-math></span>. <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> control group , figureFileSmall=CYX5YsA4RWnzGhgywoazug==, figureFileBig=8nY4MAQRf1dfxp40Ra1HoQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200378862627582419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199786458274952103, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=y+xxazqLRCjaAc2HipeN1g==, figureFileBig=OP12KjyYQELFwZeN23E5VQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200378862719857109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199786458274952103, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption= Compound <strong>8</strong> inhibited c-Met expression. A: Molecular docking results indicated that compound <strong>8</strong> could enter the active pocket of c-Met; B: Compound <strong>8</strong> could inhibit the expression of c-Met and its downstream proteins in a dose-dependent manner; C and D: Compound <strong>8</strong> inhibited hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-induced c-Met phosphorylation in H23 cells. <i>n</i> = 3, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula"><tex-math id="M5">$ \stackrel{-}{x}\pm s $</tex-math></span>. <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> control group , figureFileSmall=y+xxazqLRCjaAc2HipeN1g==, figureFileBig=OP12KjyYQELFwZeN23E5VQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200378862816326109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199786458274952103, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=j9ToK43f9rIctwi+WAZoig==, figureFileBig=XepmGoX5n7MSupDTkKHccg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200378862916989409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199786458274952103, language=CN, label=Figure 6, caption= Compound <strong>8</strong> inhibited tumor proliferation in zebrafish cell derived xenograft (CDX) model. A: The establishment of zebrafish CDX model; B and C: Compound <strong>8</strong> inhibited cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner in zebrafish CDX model. dpf: day post fertilization. <i>n</i> = 8, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula"><tex-math id="M6">$ \stackrel{-}{x}\pm \mathrm{S}\mathrm{E}\mathrm{M} $</tex-math></span>. <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> vehicle group , figureFileSmall=j9ToK43f9rIctwi+WAZoig==, figureFileBig=XepmGoX5n7MSupDTkKHccg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200378864070423012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199786458274952103, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. Name Reference
1 (6R, 7R)-2-(2-Phenylethyl)-6,7-dihydroxy-6,7-dihydrochromone [8]
2 (6R,7R)-2-[2-(4′-Methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-6,7-dihydroxy-6,7-dihydrochromone [9]
3 (5S,6R,7R,8S)-2-(2-Phenylethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrochromone [10]
4 (5S,6R,7R,8S)-2-[2-(4′-Hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrochromone [11]
5 (5S,6R,7R,8S)-2-[2-(4′-Methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrochromone [12]
6 (5S,6R,7R,8S)-2-[2-(3′-Hydroxy-4′-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrochromone [11]
7 (5S,6S,7S,8R)-2-[2-(3′-Hydroxy-4′-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrochromone [11]
8 (5S,6S,7S,8R)-2-[2-(3′-Hydroxy-4′-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-5,6,7-trihydroxy-8-chloro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrochromone [13]
9 2-(2-Phenylethyl)chromone [14]
10 6,7-Dihydroxy-2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone [15]
11 6,8-Dihydroxy-2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone [16]
12 4′,6-Dihydroxy-2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone [16]
13 2′,6-Dihydroxy-2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone [16]
14 6,8-Dihydroxy-4′-methoxy-2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone [17]
15 3′,6-Dihydroxy-4′-methoxy-2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone [11]
16 3′,6-Dihydroxy-4′,7-dimethoxy-2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone [18]
17 4′,7-Dihydroxy-3′,6-dimethoxy-2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone [18]
18 4′,6-Dihydroxy-3′-methoxy-2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone [19]
19 4′,6-Dihydroxy-3′,7-dimethoxy-2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone [11]
), ArticleFig(id=1200378864200446443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199786458274952103, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

Nineteen 2-(2-phenyethyl)chromones isolated from Aquilaria agallocha Roxb.

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. Name Reference
1 (6R, 7R)-2-(2-Phenylethyl)-6,7-dihydroxy-6,7-dihydrochromone [8]
2 (6R,7R)-2-[2-(4′-Methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-6,7-dihydroxy-6,7-dihydrochromone [9]
3 (5S,6R,7R,8S)-2-(2-Phenylethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrochromone [10]
4 (5S,6R,7R,8S)-2-[2-(4′-Hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrochromone [11]
5 (5S,6R,7R,8S)-2-[2-(4′-Methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrochromone [12]
6 (5S,6R,7R,8S)-2-[2-(3′-Hydroxy-4′-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrochromone [11]
7 (5S,6S,7S,8R)-2-[2-(3′-Hydroxy-4′-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrochromone [11]
8 (5S,6S,7S,8R)-2-[2-(3′-Hydroxy-4′-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-5,6,7-trihydroxy-8-chloro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrochromone [13]
9 2-(2-Phenylethyl)chromone [14]
10 6,7-Dihydroxy-2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone [15]
11 6,8-Dihydroxy-2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone [16]
12 4′,6-Dihydroxy-2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone [16]
13 2′,6-Dihydroxy-2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone [16]
14 6,8-Dihydroxy-4′-methoxy-2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone [17]
15 3′,6-Dihydroxy-4′-methoxy-2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone [11]
16 3′,6-Dihydroxy-4′,7-dimethoxy-2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone [18]
17 4′,7-Dihydroxy-3′,6-dimethoxy-2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone [18]
18 4′,6-Dihydroxy-3′-methoxy-2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone [19]
19 4′,6-Dihydroxy-3′,7-dimethoxy-2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone [11]
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沉香中2-(2-苯乙基)色酮类成分及其抗KRAS突变NSCLC活性
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邢宝娟 1 , 傅逸凡 4 , 崔鹤 2 , 周谦 1 , 王志康 3 , 曹鹏 2 , 白发平 3, * , 蔡雪婷 1, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2024,59(9): 2519-2528
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2024, 59(9): 2519-2528
沉香中2-(2-苯乙基)色酮类成分及其抗KRAS突变NSCLC活性
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邢宝娟1, 傅逸凡4, 崔鹤2, 周谦1, 王志康3, 曹鹏2, 白发平3, * , 蔡雪婷1, *
作者信息
  • 1.南京中医药大学附属中西医结合医院, 江苏 南京 210028
  • 2.南京中医药大学药学院, 江苏 南京 210023
  • 3.南京上元堂沉香生物科技有限公司, 江苏 南京 210000
  • 4.南京医科大学药学院, 江苏 南京 210029

通讯作者:

*白发平,E-mail: ;
蔡雪婷,E-mail:
2-(2-Phenylethyl)chromones from agarwood of Aquilaria agallocha and their inhibitory activity against KRAS mutant NSCLC
Bao-juan XING1, Yi-fan FU4, He CUI2, Qian ZHOU1, Zhi-kang WANG3, Peng CAO2, Fa-ping BAI3, * , Xue-ting CAI1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
  • 2. School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
  • 3. Nanjing Shangyuantang Chenxiang Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210000, China
  • 4. School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
出版时间: 2024-09-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0281
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研究瑞香科植物沉香中2-(2-苯乙基)色酮类成分及其抗KRAS突变非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC) 活性。综合利用硅胶、RP-18反相硅胶、MCI gel CH20P、Diol和半制备HPLC等柱色谱技术, 以及1D、2D NMR和ESI-MS等方法, 对沉香中2-(2-苯乙基)色酮类化合物进行分离、纯化和鉴定; 采用CCK-8试剂盒(cell counting kit 8) 在3种KRAS突变NSCLC细胞上对分离得到的单体化合物进行抗肿瘤活性筛选。进一步对活性较好的化合物8进行细胞增殖、克隆形成、黏附能力及周期阻滞活性分析; 采用分子对接、Western blot实验开展机制研究; 通过斑马鱼异种移植瘤(cell derived xenograft, CDX) 模型评价化合物8体内抗肿瘤活性。从沉香乙酸乙酯萃取部位中分离得到19个已知的2-(2-苯乙基)色酮; 在A549 (KRAS G12S) 细胞上, 化合物81019抑制活性较好, 在H23 (KRAS G12C) 细胞上, 化合物7819抑制活性较好, 在H358 (KRAS G12C) 细胞上, 化合物81016抑制活性较好, 化合物8在三株细胞中抑制活性均较好, 且能够有效抑制细胞增殖、克隆形成和黏附能力, 并将H23细胞周期阻滞于G2/M期; 化合物8能够抑制c-Met及其下游信号通路的表达, 能够抑制斑马鱼CDX模型体内肿瘤的增殖。综上所述, 19个已知的2-(2-苯乙基)色酮化合物中, 化合物8KRAS突变NSCLC活性最好, 主要通过将细胞阻滞于G2/M期抑制KRAS突变NSCLC的增殖。

沉香  /  2-(2-苯乙基)色酮  /  非小细胞肺癌  /  KRAS突变  /  细胞周期

The 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromones were separated from agarwood of Aquilaria agallocha Roxb. and their anti-KRAS mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) activities were evaluated. 2-(2-Phenyethyl)chromones in agarwood were separated and purified by silica gel, RP-18 reverse phase silica gel, MCI gel CH20P, Diol, and semi preparative HPLC chromatography techniques, while the structures of the compounds were identified by extensive spectroscopic analysis, such as 1D and 2D NMR and ESI-MS. The cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) assay was used to screen the anti-tumor activity of the isolated monomeric compounds on three KRAS-mutant NSCLC cells. The cell proliferation, cloning formation, adhesion ability, and cell cycle arrest activity of compound 8 were analyzed. Molecular docking and Western blot experiments were used to study the mechanism of compound 8. The in vivo anti-tumor activity of the compound 8 was evaluated by zebrafish cell derived xenograft (CDX) model. Nineteen known 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromones were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of agarwood. On A549 (KRAS G12S) cells, compounds 8, 10, and 19 showed good inhibitory activity, on H23 (KRAS G12C) cells, compounds 7, 8, and 19 showed good inhibitory activity, and on H358 (KRAS G12C) cells, compounds 8, 10, and 16 showed good inhibitory activity. Compound 8 had the best inhibitory activity in all three cell lines. It effectively inhibited cell proliferation, clone formation, adhesion ability, and arrested the H23 cell cycle at G2/M phase. Compound 8 could also inhibit the expression of c-Met and its downstream signaling pathways, effectively inhibiting tumor growth in zebrafish CDX model. In conclusion, among the nineteen known 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromones, compound 8 had the best activity and significantly inhibited the proliferation of KRAS-mutant NSCLC cells by arresting the cells in the G2/M phase.

Aquilaria agallocha Roxb.  /  2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone  /  non-small cell lung cancer  /  KRAS mutant  /  cell cycle
邢宝娟, 傅逸凡, 崔鹤, 周谦, 王志康, 曹鹏, 白发平, 蔡雪婷. 沉香中2-(2-苯乙基)色酮类成分及其抗KRAS突变NSCLC活性. 药学学报, 2024 , 59 (9) : 2519 -2528 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0281
Bao-juan XING, Yi-fan FU, He CUI, Qian ZHOU, Zhi-kang WANG, Peng CAO, Fa-ping BAI, Xue-ting CAI. 2-(2-Phenylethyl)chromones from agarwood of Aquilaria agallocha and their inhibitory activity against KRAS mutant NSCLC[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2024 , 59 (9) : 2519 -2528 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0281
瑞香科植物沉香Aquilaria agallocha Roxb., 味辛、苦, 性微温, 归脾、胃、肾经, 具有行气止痛、温中止呕、纳气平喘的功效, 常用于治疗胸腹胀闷、胃寒呕吐和呼吸困难等症状, 是一种高价值木材[1]。沉香主要化学成分是倍半萜类和色酮类化合物[2], 作为中药治疗病症最早发生在梁代, 《名医别录》中有记载: 沉香作为药物被尊为上品[3]
2-(2-苯乙基)色酮类化合物是沉香的主要活性成分, 具有良好的抗肿瘤活性[4]。目前有研究证实, 多种2-(2-苯乙基)色酮类化合物对人肿瘤相关细胞系具有细胞毒性, 涉及血液瘤、肝癌、乳腺癌、胃癌、宫颈癌、卵巢癌细胞等[5, 6]。2-(2-苯乙基)色酮类化合物对非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC) 也有一定的抑制活性[7], 目前多为细胞水平的抑制活性检测, 缺少进一步的机制研究, 也未有针对抗KRAS突变NSCLC活性的系统评估和机制研究。课题组从瑞香科植物沉香中分离得到19个2-(2-苯乙基)色酮, 均为已知化合物, 本文将所提取的19个化合物在3种KRAS突变NSCLC细胞上进行活性测试, 并初步探究其机制, 为沉香来源2-(2-苯乙基)色酮类化合物在NSCLC中的应用提供实验依据。
实验材料    药材沉香由南京上元堂沉香生物科技有限公司提供, 购自新加坡NK KITTAI PTE LTD吉泰私人有限公司, 从中分离得到的19个化合物, 使用二甲基亚砜(DMSO) 配制成20 mmol·L-1储存液, 储存在-80 ℃冰箱中。
细胞株A549 (KRAS G12S) 购自上海细胞库, 细胞株H23 (KRAS G12C) 和H358 (KRAS G12C) 由Rafael Rosell博士(西班牙肺癌研究协作组组长) 馈赠。
特泊替尼(tepotinib, Tep) (货号T6121) 购自上海陶术生物科技有限公司。RPMI 1640培养基(货号11875-093)、胎牛血清(FBS) (货号A3160802)、0.25%胰酶-EDTA溶液(货号25200-056)、青-链霉素溶液(货号15140-122)、磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS, 货号C10010500BT)、蛋白酶/磷酸酶抑制剂(货号A32959) 和Cell TrackerTM CM-DiI染料(货号C7000) 均购自Thermo Fisher Scientific公司; DMSO (货号D4540) 购自Sigma-Aldrich公司。CCK-8 (货号A311-02-AA) 购自南京诺唯赞生物科技有限公司。PAGE凝胶快速制备试剂盒(货号20324ES62)、鼠尾胶原蛋白Ⅰ (货号40125ES10) 和牛纤维蛋白原(货号20430ES03) 购自上海翌圣生物科技股份有限公司。RIPA裂解液(中) (货号P0013C)、Western blot一抗稀释液(货号P0023A) 购自上海碧云天生物技术有限公司。封闭用BSA (货号P1621) 购自北京普利莱基因技术有限公司。细胞周期试剂盒(货号FMS-CCC01) 购自南京福麦斯生物科技有限公司。Guava Nexin Reagent试剂盒(货号4700-1140) 购自美国Merk-Millipore公司。TUNEL试剂盒(货号G1501) 购自武汉赛维尔生物科技有限公司。肝细胞生长因子(hepatocyte growth factor, HGF) (货号100-39) 购自美国PeproTech公司。结晶紫、甲醇等试剂均为国产分析纯化学试剂。
Anti-Met (货号8198S)、anti-p-Met (货号3077S)、anti-Akt (货号9272S)、anti-p-AKT (货号4060T)、anti-ERK (货号4695S)、anti-p-ERK (货号5683S)、anti-cyclin B1 (货号4138S)、anti-cyclin D2 (货号3741)、anti-p21 (货号2947S)、anti-cdc 2 (货号9116S) 等一抗均购自Cell Signaling Technology公司。Anti-β-actin (货号AP0060)、anti-GAPDH (货号AP0063) 购自美国Bioworld公司。DyLight 680标记羊抗鼠(货号5470S)、DyLight 800标记羊抗兔(货号5151S) 等红外荧光二抗购自Cell Signaling Technology公司。
Milli Q超纯水仪(Milli-Q Biocel)、流式细胞仪(Guava easyCyte HT), 美国Millipore公司; CO2培养箱(HERA cell 150)、全波长多功能酶标仪(Varioskan flash), 美国Thermo公司; 生物安全柜(Purifier Class Ⅱ, 美国Labconco公司); 倒置显微镜(CKX 41)、荧光体视显微镜(MVX10)、CCD相机(DP73), 日本Olympus公司; 成像仪(Odyssey, 美国LI-COR公司); 光照培养箱(GHP-400, 中国上海将任实验设备有限公司); 显微注射仪(PICOSPRITZER Ⅲ, 美国Parker公司); 拉针仪(PC-10, 日本Narishige公司)。
斑马鱼养殖    斑马鱼在南京环特生物科技公司养鱼中心维持养殖。养殖环境设定为28 ℃的水温, 所使用水质为经过反渗透处理的水, 每升水中添加200 mg速溶海盐, 确保电导率维持在500~600 μS·cm-1之间, pH值控制在7.0~8.0内, 水硬度则调整为50~100 mg·L-1 CaCO3。采用自然配对的方式, 让野生型AB系斑马鱼进行交配繁殖。取受精后第2天(2 dpf, day post fertilization) 的斑马鱼, 进行移植瘤模型构建。
提取与鉴定    将干燥的沉香(4.0 kg) 粉碎, 于室温下用95乙醇浸提3次(20 L ×3), 每次3天。合并提取液, 减压浓缩, 得到350 g的浸膏。将浸膏以水(3 L) 混悬, 依次用石油醚(3 L ×3)、乙酸乙酯(3 L ×3)、正丁醇(3 L ×3) 萃取, 合并乙酸乙酯萃取液, 减压浓缩得到萃取物300 g。萃取物用MCI柱色谱加压分离, 以甲醇/水(10%~100%, v/v) 梯度洗脱, 得到9个流分(Fr.1~9)。
Fr.2与Fr.3薄层色谱展开重合较多, 遂合并, 重新命名为Fr.2 (35.0 g), 经正相硅胶(二氯甲烷/甲醇体系, 50∶1~0∶1) 分离得到6个流分(Fr.21~26)。其中, Fr.23经正相硅胶(石油醚/乙酸乙酯体系, 2∶1~0∶1) 分离得到3个流分(Fr.231~233), Fr.232经反相C18 (甲醇/水体系, 10%~100%) 分离得到5个流分(Fr.2321~2325), Fr.2323经Diol柱色谱(石油醚/乙酸乙酯体系, 1∶1~0∶1) 分离得到3个流分(Fr.23231~23233), Fr.23232通过半制备HPLC (YMC-Pack ODS-A, 250 mm × 20 mm, 5 μm, 甲醇/水等度洗脱, 58%, 21 min, 10.0 mL·min-1) 分离纯化得到化合物11 (34 mg), 12 (11 mg)。化合物1 (11 mg)、2 (2 mg)、3 (3 mg)、4 (9 mg)、5 (4 mg)、6 (47 mg)、7 (9 mg)、8 (27 mg)、9 (4 mg)、10 (24 mg)、13 (11 mg)、14 (9 mg)、15 (9 mg)、16 (18 mg)、17 (7 mg)、18 (8 mg)、19 (7 mg) 的获得方法与上述方法类似。
细胞活力测试    细胞用含10% FBS、100 u·mL-1青霉素和100 μg·mL-1链霉素的RPMI 1640培养基, 在37 ℃、5% CO2的培养箱中维持培养。待细胞长至对数生长期, 以5×103个细胞/孔的密度接种于96孔板。培养24 h后, 用不同浓度的化合物干预, DMSO作为溶剂对照。分别培养24、48或72 h后, 加入10 μL CCK-8孵育2 h, 用酶标仪在测定波长450 nm和参比波长630 nm处检测吸光值(A)。细胞存活率计算公式: 存活率= (A450 nm-A630 nm)treated/ (A450 nm-A630 nm)control×100%。
克隆形成实验    取对数生长期细胞, 以4×105个细胞/孔的细胞密度接种6孔板, 培养24 h后, 加入不同浓度的化合物8 (以下简称8#) 干预24 h, DMSO作为溶剂对照。消化收集8#或DMSO处理过的细胞, 重新以低密度(H23: 500个/孔, H358: 750个/孔, A549: 250个/孔) 接种至12孔板中, 2周左右可见克隆形成。PBS清洗细胞, 0.5%结晶紫(10%甲醇配制) 固定并染色15 min, 拍照记录克隆数。
细胞黏附实验    用10 μg·mL-1鼠尾胶原蛋白Ⅰ或牛纤维蛋白原包被96孔板2 h, 吸弃多余液体, 风干待用。取对数生长期细胞, 以4×105个细胞/孔的密度接种6孔板, 培养24 h后, 加入不同浓度的8#干预24 h, DMSO作为溶剂对照。消化收集8#或DMSO处理过的细胞, 重新以5×104个细胞/孔的密度接种于包被的96孔板中。37 ℃培养箱静置2 h后, 吸弃未黏附细胞。黏附于底部的细胞用4%多聚甲醛固定30 min, 0.1%结晶紫室温染色20 min, 拍照, 使用ImageJ分析图片。
细胞周期实验    取对数生长期H23细胞, 以4×105个细胞/孔的密度接种6孔板, 培养24 h后, 加入40 μmol·L-1 8#或DMSO。干预24、48、72 h后, 收集细胞, 75%冷乙醇固定过夜。根据细胞周期试剂盒说明书进行染色后, 流式细胞仪上机检测和分析。
细胞凋亡实验    取对数生长期H23细胞, 以4×105个细胞/孔的密度接种6孔板, 培养24 h后, 加入40 μmol·L-1 8#或DMSO。干预24、48、72 h后, 收集细胞。根据Guava Nexin Reagent试剂盒说明书进行染色, 流式细胞仪上机检测和分析。
分子对接    使用https://mcule.com网站对8#进行分子对接。通过PubChem数据库获得8#的SMILES号, 采用PDB数据库检索蛋白三维结构, 根据网站流程进行分子对接。
蛋白免疫印迹实验    取对数生长期H23细胞, 以4×105个/孔接种于6孔板中, 培养24 h后, 加入不同浓度的8#干预24 h, DMSO作为溶剂对照。对于HGF诱导实验, 则在8#干预2.5、5、7.5、10 h后用HGF刺激30 min。实验结束后, 加入含蛋白酶、磷酸酶抑制剂的RIPA裂解液, 收集细胞裂解物, 提取细胞总蛋白, 经SDS-PAGE电泳、转膜、封闭后, 一抗4 ℃孵育过夜。次日, 加入相应的二抗孵育2 h, 成像仪成像, 使用ImageJ分析图片。
斑马鱼异种移植瘤实验    将野生型AB品系斑马鱼分为6组(DMSO组和5组浓度梯度给药组, 其中特泊替尼设置1.4、2.8、5.6、11.25、22.5 μmol·L-1; 8#设置7.5、15、30、60、100 μmol·L-1), 每组20条, 于34 ℃光照培养箱中, 14 h光照, 10 h黑暗, 持续给药3天。根据斑马鱼的存活数量、活跃状态, 测试药物的最大安全剂量(maximum tolerated dose, MTD)。
取对数生长期H23细胞, 用CM-DiI染料染色, 以400个细胞/胚胎注射至2 dpf斑马鱼的卵黄周隙, 建立斑马鱼异种移植瘤(cell derived xenograft, CDX) 模型。24 h后挑选荧光面积一致性较好的斑马鱼随机分成5组, 包括DMSO组、特泊替尼阳性对照组(2.8 μmol·L-1)、8# (15 μmol·L-1) 给药组、8# (30 μmol·L-1) 给药组、8# (60 μmol·L-1) 给药组, 每组30条, 持续给药3天。给药结束后, 每组随机挑选8条进行荧光成像, 用ImageJ分析荧光强度。
H&E染色    将干预结束的斑马鱼用4%多聚甲醛固定, 经石蜡包埋后, 切片脱蜡至水。将冰冻切片从-20 ℃冰箱取出恢复至室温, 用组织固定液固定15 min后, 流水冲洗。切片进行苏木素染色、酒精脱水、伊红染色后脱水封片, 镜检拍照。
TUNEL染色    斑马鱼石蜡切片脱蜡至水, 经蛋白酶K修复、Triton破膜后, 按照TUNEL试剂盒说明书进行染色, 用抗荧光淬灭封片剂封片, 镜检拍照。
统计学分析    实验数据经GraphPad Prism 9.0软件统计处理, 统计学差异通过t检验或单因素方差分析获得, P < 0.05认为差异有统计学意义。
共分离到19个2-(2-苯乙基)色酮类化合物(表 1[8-19]), 均为已知化合物。
化合物1: 1H NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD) δH 7.28~7.26 (2H, m), 7.21~7.18 (3H, m), 6.07 (1H, s), 4.04 (1H, m), 3.99 (1H, m), 2.98~2.96 (2H, m), 2.88~2.85 (2H, m), 2.83 (1H, m), 2.78 (1H, m), 2.59~2.56 (2H, m); ESIMS m/z 287 [M + H]+
化合物2: 1H NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD) δH 7.10 (2H, d, J = 8.5 Hz), 6.82 (2H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 6.05 (1H, s), 4.04 (1H, m), 3.99 (1H, m), 3.75 (3H, s), 2.92~2.78 (6H, m), 2.59~2.57 (2H, m); ESIMS m/z 317 [M + H]+
化合物3: 1H NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD) δH 7.26~7.21 (5H, m), 6.12 (1H, s), 4.74 (1H, d, J = 4.0 Hz), 4.56 (1H, d, J = 7.3 Hz), 4.05~4.02 (2H, m), 3.02 (2H, m), 2.93 (2H, 2s); ESIMS m/z 319 [M + H]+
化合物4: 1H NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD) δH 7.03 (2H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 6.69 (2H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 6.10 (1H, s), 4.74 (1H, d, J = 4.0 Hz), 4.56 (1H, d, J = 7.5 Hz), 4.04~4.02 (2H, m), 2.94~2.88 (4H, m); ESIMS m/z 335 [M + H]+
化合物5: 1H NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD) δH 7.13 (2H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 6.82 (2H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 6.10 (1H, s), 4.74 (1H, d, J = 4.0 Hz), 4.56 (1H, d, J = 7.4 Hz), 4.04~4.02 (2H, m), 3.75 (3H, s), 2.98~2.94 (2H, m), 2.90~2.87 (2H, m); ESIMS m/z 349 [M + H]+
化合物6: 1H NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD) δH 6.80 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 6.68 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 6.64 (1H, dd, J = 8.2, 2.1 Hz), 6.11 (1H, s), 4.74 (1H, d, J = 3.9 Hz), 4.56 (1H, d, J = 7.4 Hz), 4.04 (1H, dd, J = 7.5, 2.3 Hz), 4.01 (1H, dd, J = 4.0, 2.2 Hz), 3.80 (3H, s), 2.92~2.85 (4H, m); 13C NMR (125 MHz, CD3OD) δC 33.1 (t), 36.5 (t), 56.4 (q), 66.7 (d), 70.1 (d), 72.4 (d), 74.0 (d), 112.9 (d), 114.1 (d), 116.4 (d), 120.6 (d), 121.7 (s), 134.1 (s), 147.6 (s), 147.7 (s), 165.4 (s), 171.4 (s), 182.0 (s); ESIMS m/z 365 [M + H]+
化合物7: 1H NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD) δH 6.81 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz), 6.68 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 6.63 (1H, dd, J = 8.1, 2.1 Hz), 6.13 (1H, s), 4.81 (1H, d, J = 4.0 Hz), 4.60 (1H, d, J = 4.6 Hz), 4.03 (1H, dd, J = 4.1, 2.0 Hz), 3.95 (1H, dd, J = 5.0, 1.5 Hz), 3.80 (3H, s), 2.92~2.86 (4H, m); 13C NMR (125 MHz, CD3OD) δC 33.1 (t), 36.5 (t), 56.4 (q), 65.9 (d), 69.1 (d), 71.3 (d), 75.7 (d), 112.9 (d), 114.1 (d), 116.4 (d), 120.6 (d), 122.2 (s), 134.0 (s), 147.6 (s), 147.7 (s), 164.4 (s), 171.7 (s), 182.0 (s); ESIMS m/z 365 [M + H]+
化合物8: 1H NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD) δH 6.80 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 6.67 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 6.63 (1H, dd, J = 8.2, 2.1 Hz), 6.12 (1H, s), 4.86 (1H, d, J = 7.4 Hz), 4.76 (1H, d, J = 4.3 Hz), 4.21 (1H, dd, J = 7.4, 2.3 Hz), 4.03 (1H, dd, J = 4.3, 2.3 Hz), 3.79 (3H, s), 2.92~2.86 (4H, m); 13C NMR (125 MHz, CD3OD) δC 33.2 (t), 36.4 (t), 56.4 (q), 58.1 (d), 66.4 (d), 73.5 (d), 73.6 (d), 112.9 (d), 114.3 (d), 116.4 (d), 120.6 (d), 122.8 (s), 133.8 (s), 147.6 (s), 147.7 (s), 161.1 (s), 171.4 (s), 181.4 (s); ESIMS m/z 383 [M + H]+
化合物9: 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δH 7.39 (1H, t, J = 4.7 Hz), 7.31~7.26 (4H, m), 7.24~7.18 (4H, m), 6.17 (1H, s), 3.08~2.97 (4H, m); 13C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d6) δC 32.0 (t), 34.8 (t), 109.4 (d), 114.0 (d), 118.9 (d), 124.4 (s), 125.0 (d), 126.2 (d), 128.3 (2C, d), 128.4 (2C, d), 140.1 (s), 145.6 (s), 146.6 (s), 168.2 (s), 177.0 (s); ESIMS m/z 251 [M + H]+
化合物10: 1H NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD) δH 7.33 (1H, s), 7.25 (2H, dd, J = 8.1, 3.0 Hz), 7.20 (1H, d, J = 7.2 Hz), 7.20~7.15 (2H, m), 6.87 (1H, s), 6.02 (1H, s), 3.06~3.03 (2H, m), 2.97~2.93 (2H, m); 13C NMR (125 MHz, CD3OD) δC 34.1 (t), 37.0 (t), 103.7 (d), 108.7 (d), 109.5 (d), 117.1 (s), 127.4 (d), 129.4 (2C, d), 129.5 (2C, d), 141.4 (s), 146.0 (s), 153.9 (s), 154.3 (s), 170.3 (s), 180.1 (s); ESIMS m/z 283 [M + H]+
化合物11: 1H NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD) δH 7.27~7.22 (4H, m), 7.16 (1H, ddd, J = 6.84, 2.4, 1.8 Hz), 6.85 (1H, d, J = 2.8 Hz), 6.74 (1H, d, J = 2.8 Hz), 6.06 (1H, s), 3.11~3.08 (2H, m), 3.02~2.99 (2H, m); 13C NMR (125 MHz, CD3OD) δC 34.0 (t), 37.0 (t), 99.1 (d), 109.7 (2C, d), 125.8 (s), 127.4 (d), 129.47 (2C, d), 129.54 (2C, d), 141.4 (s), 149.0 (s), 156.4 (s), 170.7 (s), 180.7 (s); ESIMS m/z 283 [M + H]+
化合物12: 1H NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD) δH 7.45 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz), 7.36 (1H, d, J = 3.0 Hz), 7.23 (1H, dd, J = 9.1, 3.0 Hz), 7.02 (2H, d, J = 8.5 Hz), 6.67 (2H, d, J = 8.5 Hz), 6.08 (1H, s), 2.98~2.92 (4H, m); ESIMS m/z 283 [M + H]+
化合物13: 1H NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD) δH 7.43 (1H, d, J = 9.1 Hz), 7.36 (1H, d, J = 3.0 Hz), 7.22 (1H, dd, J = 9.1, 3.0 Hz), 7.01 (1H, d, J = 7.5 Hz), 7.00 (1H, dd, J = 6.7, 1.6 Hz), 6.74 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz), 6.69 (1H, td, J = 7.5, 0.9 Hz), 6.06 (1H, s), 3.05~3.02 (2H, m), 2.97~2.94 (2H, m); 13C NMR (125 MHz, CD3OD) δC 29.2 (t), 35.5 (t), 108.6 (d), 109.5 (d), 115.9 (d), 120.5 (2C, d), 124.4 (d), 125.1 (s), 127.4 (s), 128.7 (d), 131.2 (d), 152.1 (s), 156.3 (s), 156.5 (s), 172.1 (s), 180.7 (s); ESIMS m/z 283 [M + H]+
化合物14: 1H NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD) δH 7.13 (2H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 6.84 (1H, d, J = 2.8 Hz), 6.81 (2H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 6.74 (1H, d, J = 2.8 Hz), 6.04 (1H, s), 3.73 (3H, s), 3.05~3.02 (2H, m), 2.98~2.95 (2H, m); 13C NMR (125 MHz, CD3OD) δC 33.2 (t), 37.3 (t), 55.6 (q), 98.9 (d), 109.68 (d), 109.74 (d), 114.9 (2C, d), 125.8 (s), 130.4 (2C, d), 133.4 (s), 142.2 (s), 149.1 (s), 156.4 (s), 160.0 (s), 172.0 (s), 180.0 (s); ESIMS m/z 313 [M + H]+
化合物15: 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δH 9.95 (1H, s), 8.83 (1H, s), 7.49 (1H, d, J = 9.2 Hz), 7.26 (1H, d, J = 3.0 Hz), 7.20 (1H, dd, J = 9.1, 3.0 Hz), 6.80 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 6.66 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 6.61 (1H, dd, J = 8.2, 2.1 Hz), 6.11 (1H, s), 3.71 (3H, s), 2.90~2.84 (4H, m); 13C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d6) δC 31.4 (t), 35.1 (t), 55.6 (q), 107.5 (d), 108.6 (d), 112.2 (d), 115.7 (d), 118.7 (d), 119.5 (d), 122.7 (d), 124.0 (s), 132.6 (s), 146.1 (s), 146.3 (s), 149.6 (s), 154.6 (s), 168.5 (s), 176.7 (s); ESIMS m/z 313 [M + H]+
化合物16: 1H NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD) δH 7.34 (1H, s), 7.10 (1H, s), 6.80 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 6.68 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 6.63 (1H, dd, J = 8.2, 2.1 Hz), 6.05 (1H, s), 3.99 (3H, s), 3.79 (3H, s), 2.94 (4H, m); ESIMS m/z 343 [M + H]+
化合物17: 1H NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD) δH 7.30 (1H, s), 6.91 (1H, s), 6.80 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 6.66 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 6.60 (1H, dd, J = 8.2, 2.1 Hz), 6.04 (1H, s), 3.85 (3H, s), 3.71 (3H, s), 2.85 (4H, s); ESIMS m/z 343 [M + H]+
化合物18: 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δH 9.96 (1H, s), 8.74 (1H, s), 7.49 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz), 7.27 (1H, d, J = 3.0 Hz), 7.20 (1H, dd, J = 9.0, 3.0 Hz), 6.80 (1H, d, J = 1.6 Hz), 6.66 (1H, d, J = 8.0 Hz), 6.62 (1H, dd, J = 8.0, 1.6 Hz), 6.12 (1H, s), 3.68 (3H, s), 2.92~2.86 (4H, m); 13C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d6) δC 31.8 (t), 35.3 (t), 55.5 (q), 107.5 (d), 108.7 (d), 112.5 (d), 115.3 (d), 119.4 (d), 120.4 (d), 122.7 (d), 124.0 (s), 130.8 (s), 144.8 (s), 147.4 (s), 149.6 (s), 154.6 (s), 168.6 (s), 176.7 (s); ESIMS m/z 313 [M + H]+
化合物19: 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δH 7.66 (1H, s), 6.85 (1H, s), 6.84 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz), 6.70 (1H, dd, J = 8.1, 1.9 Hz), 6.67 (1H, d, J = 1.9 Hz), 6.12 (1H, s), 4.00 (3H, s), 3.82 (3H, s), 2.99~2.96 (2H, m), 2.98~2.84 (2H, m); 13C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl3) δC 33.1 (t), 36.6 (t), 56.0 (q), 56.6 (q), 99.2 (d), 108.4 (d), 109.4 (d), 111.0 (d), 114.6 (d), 117.8 (s), 121.0 (d), 131.9 (s), 144.1 (s), 144.4 (d), 146.6 (s), 152.0 (s), 152.2 (s), 168.0 (s), 177.9 (s); ESIMS m/z 343 [M + H]+
选取H23、H358、A549三株KRAS突变NSCLC细胞株, 用19个2-(2-苯乙基)色酮(10和100 μmol·L-1) 处理细胞24 h, CCK-8法测得细胞活力值。结果显示, 在A549细胞上, 化合物81019抑制活性较好, 在H23细胞上, 化合物7819抑制活性较好, 在H358细胞上, 化合物81016抑制活性较好(图 1)。鉴于8#在3株KRAS突变NSCLC细胞中抑制活性最好, 进一步对其活性和机制进行了研究。
8#浓度设置为10、20、40、60、80和100 μmol·L-1, 分别作用于H23、H358、A549细胞24、48、72 h后采用CCK-8法检测细胞活力, 结果显示8#呈浓度和时间依赖性抑制KRAS突变NSCLC细胞的增殖。8#作用于H23、H358、A549细胞48 h的IC50分别为34.22、50.59、66.27 μmol·L-1 (图 2A)。平板克隆形成实验显示, 8#处理后, NSCLC细胞形成克隆的能力明显下降(图 2B)。
细胞的黏附性是组织结构维持稳定的重要条件, 同时也是细胞转移及相关功能发挥的关键调节因素, 癌细胞迁移和扩散的发生需要细胞-细胞外基质黏附功能的发挥。在无任何基质包被的细胞培养板中, 8#可以有效降低NSCLC细胞的黏附能力, 当培养板用胶原或纤维蛋白原进行包被之后, NSCLC细胞在上述两种基质上的黏附能力同样发生了明显的下调(图 3)。因此, 8#降低了NSCLC细胞的黏附能力, 对其增殖与迁移产生了一定的抑制效果。
用细胞周期和凋亡试剂检测证实8#能够将KRAS突变NSCLC细胞周期阻滞于G2/M期, 以促进细胞凋亡的方式引起NSCLC细胞死亡(图 4A~D)。显微镜下显示H23细胞因G2/M期受到阻滞而变圆不贴壁, 并逐步呈现出细胞凋亡样特征(图 4E)。Western blot检测G2/M期相关调控蛋白, 显示8#以剂量依赖的方式上调cyclin B1, 下调cyclin D2、cdc 2和p21的表达(图 4F)。
利用分子对接发现8#和c-Met具有较好的结合能力(best score -8.2 kcal·mol-1), 8#能够进入c-Met受体的活性口袋与其发生结合(图 5A)。8#处理H23细胞24 h后, 能抑制细胞中c-Met的表达(图 5B)。HGF作为c-Met的配体, 在30 min时诱导c-Met磷酸化水平达最高(图 5C)。8#提前干预10 h即可显著抑制H23细胞中HGF诱导的c-Met磷酸化(图 5D)。以上实验数据显示, 8#可能通过靶向c-Met, 抑制c-Met表达。
采用斑马鱼CDX模型评价8#体内抗肿瘤活性。选择c-Met抑制剂特泊替尼作为阳性对照。将野生型AB品系斑马鱼浸泡在不同浓度的8#和特泊替尼中, 测试药物的MTD。特泊替尼在测试的最高浓度22.5 μmol·L-1下导致85%的斑马鱼死亡, 测得其MTD为2.8 μmol·L-18#在测试的最高浓度100 μmol·L-1下都没有出现斑马鱼活力降低或死亡现象。移植CM-DiI染色的H23肿瘤细胞到2 dpf的斑马鱼幼鱼卵黄中, 建立H23的斑马鱼CDX模型(图 6A)。与对照组相比, 特泊替尼(2.8 μmol·L-1) 组及不同浓度8#给药组均能抑制斑马鱼CDX模型中肿瘤的增殖, 且8#的30及60 μmol·L-1给药组相比特泊替尼的抑制效果更强(图 6BC)。进一步对斑马鱼进行了H & E和TUNEL染色分析, 发现8#处理组切片中的TUNEL阳性细胞数量(绿色荧光) 明显高于对照组和特泊替尼组(图 6C), 证实了8#具有在体内诱导细胞凋亡的作用。
天然产物具有化学结构丰富、毒副作用较小等特点, 已经成为抗肿瘤药物的重要来源[20]。越来越多研究表明, 天然产物在非小细胞肺癌靶向药治疗、免疫治疗中都发挥了重要的作用[21, 22]。沉香中提取的2-(2-苯乙基)色酮类化合物对多种肿瘤细胞增殖均有抑制作用, 如血液瘤、肝癌、胃癌、宫颈癌、卵巢癌等[4], 但尚未有抗KRAS突变NSCLC活性的系统评价。课题组从沉香中分离得到19个2-(2-苯乙基)色酮类成分, 在3种KRAS突变NSCLC细胞上进行了活性测试, 19个化合物在不同细胞上表现出不同的抑制活性, 其构效关系有待进一步的分析研究。本研究从中筛选出具有最佳抗KRAS突变NSCLC活性的8#, 揭示了其可以作为靶向c-Met的小分子抑制剂, 抑制KRAS突变的NSCLC活性。
特泊替尼是一种c-Met酪氨酸激酶抑制剂, 几乎所有接受特泊替尼治疗的患者都会出现不良反应: 高达45%的患者出现严重不良反应, 44%的患者需要中断剂量, 30%的患者需要调整剂量, 20%的患者需要永久停药[23]。因此, 研究并开发新型的低毒性的c-Met抑制剂迫在眉睫。在斑马鱼CDX模型中, 8#表现出了优于特泊替尼的抗肿瘤活性, 且8#在高浓度100 μmol·L-1时, 斑马鱼依然表现为正常生理活动, 而特泊替尼的MTD只有2.8 μmol·L-1。以上说明, 8#可能是个有潜力的高效低毒的c-Met抑制剂。
MET除了本身是一种致癌驱动基因外, 也是临床NSCLC对KRAS抑制剂发生继发性耐药的重要原因。靶向c-Met能够有效解决因MET扩增诱发的KRAS抑制剂耐药性[24]。索托拉西布(sotorasib, AMG510) 和阿达格拉西布(adagrasib, MRTX-849) 是临床上主要的KRAS G12C抑制剂, 目前, 联合用药成为提高治疗效果及克服耐药的研究热点[25]。本研究已经证实了8#对c-Met的抑制作用, 进一步研究8#是否能够与KRAS抑制剂联用产生协同作用, 有望为KRAS抑制剂耐药患者提供新的治疗策略。
作者贡献: 蔡雪婷、白发平负责实验设计和文章审核; 崔鹤、周谦和曹鹏负责对实验进行指导; 邢宝娟负责药理实验以及文章的撰写; 傅逸凡和王志康负责沉香化合物的提取和提取部分的文章撰写。
利益冲突: 本研究内容无任何利益冲突。
  • 国家自然科学基金杰出青年科学基金(82125037)
  • 江苏省临床中药学交叉医学创新中心(CXZX202225)
  • 江苏省重点研发计划(社会发展) 项目(BE2018755)
  • 江苏省高校自然科学研究项目-面上项目(21KJB350004)
  • 南京医科大学科技发展基金-一般项目(NMUB2020028)
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2024年第59卷第9期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0281
  • 接收时间:2024-03-27
  • 首发时间:2025-11-24
  • 出版时间:2024-09-12
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-27
  • 修回日期:2024-05-28
基金
国家自然科学基金杰出青年科学基金(82125037)
江苏省临床中药学交叉医学创新中心(CXZX202225)
江苏省重点研发计划(社会发展) 项目(BE2018755)
江苏省高校自然科学研究项目-面上项目(21KJB350004)
南京医科大学科技发展基金-一般项目(NMUB2020028)
作者信息
    1.南京中医药大学附属中西医结合医院, 江苏 南京 210028
    2.南京中医药大学药学院, 江苏 南京 210023
    3.南京上元堂沉香生物科技有限公司, 江苏 南京 210000
    4.南京医科大学药学院, 江苏 南京 210029

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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