Article(id=1200383179686277819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1200383177295515678, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0265, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1711296000000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-25, revisedDate=1715702400000, revisedDateStr=2024-05-15, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764123252078, onlineDateStr=2025-11-26, pubDate=1723392000000, pubDateStr=2024-08-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764123252078, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764123252078, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764123252078, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1200383177295515678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2024', volume='59', issue='8', pageStart='2183', pageEnd='2416', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764123251508, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764225076631, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200810262870741499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1200383177295515678, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200810262870741500, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1200383177295515678, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2227, endPage=2236, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1200383180038599361, articleId=1200383179686277819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Preliminary exploration of the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of icaritin in regulating macrophage polarization for the treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, columnId=null, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The incidence of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) continues to rise, and there are no effective drugs to treat it. The immune microenvironment plays an important role in the development of ICC and is currently a research hotspot. Icaritin (ICA) is an innovative traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. It is considered to have potential immunoregulatory and anti-tumor effects, which is potentially consistent with the understanding of "Fuzheng" in the treatment of tumor in traditional Chinese medicine. However, whether ICA can be used to treat ICC has not been reported. Therefore, in this study, sgp19/kRas, an in situ ICC mouse model with intact immune system, was selected to evaluate the efficacy of ICA in the treatment of ICC in vivo for the first time, and the effects of ICA on the tumor immune microenvironment of ICC mice were analyzed by flow cytometry. This experiment was approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Capital Medical University (approval number: AEEI-2023-138). In this study, sgp19/kRas ICC mouse model was treated with oral gavage of 100 mg·kg-1 ICA. We found that ICA significantly inhibited tumor growth and tumor cell proliferation in the sgp19/kRas ICC mouse model after 3 weeks of treatment. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that ICA treatment markedly reduced the proportion of M2 macrophages and increased the number of CD3+CD4+ T cells. In vitro experiments demonstrated that ICA promoted macrophage polarization towards the M1 phenotype while inhibiting polarization towards the M2 phenotype. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis suggested that ICA enhanced Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) expression, influencing macrophage nitric oxide metabolism synthesis pathways and receptor-related activities, thereby regulating macrophage polarization. In summary, this study demonstrates that ICA treatment significantly delays tumor progression in sgp19/kRas ICC mouse models. Mechanistically, ICA may achieve its anti-ICC effects by upregulating TLR9 receptor expression levels, promoting macrophage polarization towards the M1 phenotype, and altering the tumor immune microenvironment.

, correspAuthors=Jia-bo WANG, Xin-hua SONG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jing-wen WANG, Zhen LI, Xiu-qin HUANG, Zi-jing XU, Jia-hao GENG, Yan-yu XU, Tian-yi LIANG, Xiao-yan ZHAN, Li-ping KANG, Jia-bo WANG, Xin-hua SONG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1200383184975295394, articleId=1200383179686277819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=淫羊藿素调控巨噬细胞极化治疗肝内胆管癌的药效作用及机制初探, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

肝内胆管癌(intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, ICC) 发病率持续攀升, 目前尚无有效治疗药物。免疫微环境在ICC发展中扮演重要角色, 是当前研究热点。淫羊藿素(icaritin, ICA) 是治疗晚期肝细胞癌的创新中药, 被认为有潜在的免疫调控抗肿瘤作用, 与中医“扶正”治疗肿瘤的认识潜在相合。然而, ICA是否可用于ICC治疗尚未见研究报道。为此, 本研究选取免疫系统完整的原位ICC小鼠模型sgp19/kRas, 首次在体内评估了ICA治疗ICC的药效, 并通过流式细胞术分析ICA对ICC小鼠肿瘤免疫微环境的影响[本实验所有动物实验均获得首都医科大学动物伦理委员会(中国北京) 批准, 批准号: AEEI-2023-138]。本研究应用100 mg·kg-1 ICA灌胃治疗sgp19/kRas ICC原位小鼠模型, 结果显示, ICA治疗3周后能够显著抑制sgp19/kRas ICC小鼠模型的肿瘤生长及肿瘤细胞增殖。通过流式细胞术分析ICA对ICC小鼠肿瘤免疫微环境的影响, 结果表明, ICA治疗后能够显著降低M2型巨噬细胞占比, 并且显著增加CD3+CD4+ T细胞的数量。体外实验阐明ICA能促进巨噬细胞向M1型巨噬细胞极化, 抑制其向M2型巨噬细胞极化。此外, 转录组学分析结果提示, ICA能够增强Toll样受体9 (TLR9) 的表达, 影响巨噬细胞一氧化氮代谢合成途径及膜受体相关活性, 发挥其巨噬细胞极化调节功能。综上, 本研究发现ICA治疗能显著延缓sgp19/kRas ICC小鼠肿瘤进展。机制上, ICA可能通过上调TLR9受体表达水平, 促进巨噬细胞向M1细胞的极化, 改变肿瘤免疫微环境, 进而达到抗ICC的作用。

, correspAuthors=王伽伯, 宋鑫华, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*王伽伯, E-mail: ;
宋鑫华, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《药学学报》编辑部2024, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=C2Nf/BPa7kE/uF/Dg5nXnQ==, magXml=bmUjFc1GDvDlGxLkMz6D+w==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=gJ3fPD+4qDCDlBVUyZ12Qg==, pdfFileSize=5865598, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=rZN1sc41I/TJGDyfC/0p1A==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=dMrgw2baTSvjS6cijTiD0Q==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=王婧雯, 李珍, 黄秀勤, 徐子婧, 耿嘉豪, 许燕瑜, 梁天祎, 湛小燕, 康利平, 王伽伯, 宋鑫华)}, authors=[Author(id=1200747443458528092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200747443575968608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, authorId=1200747443458528092, language=EN, stringName=Jing-wen WANG, firstName=Jing-wen, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1. School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
2. School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100071, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200747443638883170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, authorId=1200747443458528092, language=CN, stringName=王婧雯, firstName=婧雯, middleName=null, lastName=王, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.南方医科大学中医药学院, 广东 广州 510000
2.首都医科大学中医药学院, 北京 100071, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200747443085235018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200747443093623626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, companyId=1200747443085235018, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200747443102012236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, companyId=1200747443085235018, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.南方医科大学中医药学院, 广东 广州 510000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1200747443160732495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200747443169121103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, companyId=1200747443160732495, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100071, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200747443173315408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, companyId=1200747443160732495, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.首都医科大学中医药学院, 北京 100071)])]), Author(id=1200747443693409124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200747443760517991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, authorId=1200747443693409124, language=EN, stringName=Zhen LI, firstName=Zhen, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2. School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100071, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200747443819238249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, authorId=1200747443693409124, language=CN, stringName=李珍, firstName=珍, middleName=null, lastName=李, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.首都医科大学中医药学院, 北京 100071, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200747443160732495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200747443169121103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, companyId=1200747443160732495, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100071, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200747443173315408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, companyId=1200747443160732495, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.首都医科大学中医药学院, 北京 100071)])]), Author(id=1200747443894735724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200747443961844591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, authorId=1200747443894735724, language=EN, stringName=Xiu-qin HUANG, firstName=Xiu-qin, middleName=null, lastName=HUANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2. School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100071, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200747444075090801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, authorId=1200747443894735724, language=CN, stringName=黄秀勤, firstName=秀勤, middleName=null, lastName=黄, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.首都医科大学中医药学院, 北京 100071, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200747443160732495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200747443169121103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, companyId=1200747443160732495, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100071, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200747443173315408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, companyId=1200747443160732495, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.首都医科大学中医药学院, 北京 100071)])]), Author(id=1200747444158976883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200747444242862966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, authorId=1200747444158976883, language=EN, stringName=Zi-jing XU, firstName=Zi-jing, middleName=null, lastName=XU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2. School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100071, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200747444326749048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, authorId=1200747444158976883, language=CN, stringName=徐子婧, firstName=子婧, middleName=null, lastName=徐, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.首都医科大学中医药学院, 北京 100071, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200747443160732495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200747443169121103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, companyId=1200747443160732495, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100071, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200747443173315408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, companyId=1200747443160732495, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.首都医科大学中医药学院, 北京 100071)])]), Author(id=1200747444410635130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200747444486132605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, authorId=1200747444410635130, language=EN, stringName=Jia-hao GENG, firstName=Jia-hao, middleName=null, lastName=GENG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2. School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100071, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200747444565824383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, authorId=1200747444410635130, language=CN, stringName=耿嘉豪, firstName=嘉豪, middleName=null, lastName=耿, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.首都医科大学中医药学院, 北京 100071, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200747443160732495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200747443169121103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, companyId=1200747443160732495, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100071, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200747443173315408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, companyId=1200747443160732495, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.首都医科大学中医药学院, 北京 100071)])]), Author(id=1200747444637127554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200747444741985156, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, authorId=1200747444637127554, language=EN, stringName=Yan-yu XU, firstName=Yan-yu, middleName=null, lastName=XU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2. School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100071, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200747444842648454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, authorId=1200747444637127554, language=CN, stringName=许燕瑜, firstName=燕瑜, middleName=null, lastName=许, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.首都医科大学中医药学院, 北京 100071, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200747443160732495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200747443169121103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, companyId=1200747443160732495, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100071, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200747443173315408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, companyId=1200747443160732495, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.首都医科大学中医药学院, 北京 100071)])]), Author(id=1200747444913951624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, orderNo=6, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200747444997837706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, authorId=1200747444913951624, language=EN, stringName=Tian-yi LIANG, firstName=Tian-yi, middleName=null, lastName=LIANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2. School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100071, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200747445077529484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, authorId=1200747444913951624, language=CN, stringName=梁天祎, firstName=天祎, middleName=null, lastName=梁, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.首都医科大学中医药学院, 北京 100071, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200747443160732495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200747443169121103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, companyId=1200747443160732495, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100071, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200747443173315408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, companyId=1200747443160732495, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.首都医科大学中医药学院, 北京 100071)])]), Author(id=1200747445182387086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, orderNo=7, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200747445266273168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, authorId=1200747445182387086, language=EN, stringName=Xiao-yan ZHAN, firstName=Xiao-yan, middleName=null, lastName=ZHAN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3. Fifth Medical Center, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100071, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200747445354353554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, authorId=1200747445182387086, language=CN, stringName=湛小燕, firstName=小燕, middleName=null, lastName=湛, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3.解放军总医院第五医学中心, 北京 100071, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200747443244618578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200747443253007187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, companyId=1200747443244618578, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. Fifth Medical Center, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100071, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200747443261395796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, companyId=1200747443244618578, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.解放军总医院第五医学中心, 北京 100071)])]), Author(id=1200747445425656725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, orderNo=8, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200747445501154199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, authorId=1200747445425656725, language=EN, stringName=Li-ping KANG, firstName=Li-ping, middleName=null, lastName=KANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=4, address=4. State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-Di Herbs, Beijing 100070, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200747445568263064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, authorId=1200747445425656725, language=CN, stringName=康利平, firstName=利平, middleName=null, lastName=康, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=4, address=4.道地药材品质保障与资源持续利用全国重点实验室, 北京 100070, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200747443366253400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200747443374642009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, companyId=1200747443366253400, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4. State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-Di Herbs, Beijing 100070, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200747443383030619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, companyId=1200747443366253400, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.道地药材品质保障与资源持续利用全国重点实验室, 北京 100070)])]), Author(id=1200747445652149145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, orderNo=9, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=jiabo_wang@ccmu.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200747445773783966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, authorId=1200747445652149145, language=EN, stringName=Jia-bo WANG, firstName=Jia-bo, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 4, *, address=1. School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
2. School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100071, China
4. State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-Di Herbs, Beijing 100070, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200747445857670047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, authorId=1200747445652149145, language=CN, stringName=王伽伯, firstName=伽伯, middleName=null, lastName=王, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 4, *, address=1.南方医科大学中医药学院, 广东 广州 510000
2.首都医科大学中医药学院, 北京 100071
4.道地药材品质保障与资源持续利用全国重点实验室, 北京 100070, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200747443085235018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200747443093623626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, companyId=1200747443085235018, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200747443102012236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, companyId=1200747443085235018, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.南方医科大学中医药学院, 广东 广州 510000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1200747443160732495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200747443169121103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, companyId=1200747443160732495, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100071, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200747443173315408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, companyId=1200747443160732495, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.首都医科大学中医药学院, 北京 100071)]), AuthorCompany(id=1200747443366253400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200747443374642009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, companyId=1200747443366253400, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4. State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-Di Herbs, Beijing 100070, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200747443383030619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, companyId=1200747443366253400, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.道地药材品质保障与资源持续利用全国重点实验室, 北京 100070)])]), Author(id=1200747445924778914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, orderNo=10, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200747446004470693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, authorId=1200747445924778914, language=EN, stringName=Xin-hua SONG, firstName=Xin-hua, middleName=null, lastName=SONG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, *, address=2. School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100071, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200747447124349864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, authorId=1200747445924778914, language=CN, stringName=宋鑫华, firstName=鑫华, middleName=null, lastName=宋, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, *, address=2.首都医科大学中医药学院, 北京 100071, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200747443160732495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200747443169121103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, companyId=1200747443160732495, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100071, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200747443173315408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, companyId=1200747443160732495, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.首都医科大学中医药学院, 北京 100071)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1200747447321482155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma), Keyword(id=1200747447392785325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=icaritin), Keyword(id=1200747447464088495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=immune microenvironment), Keyword(id=1200747447564751793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=macrophage polarization), Keyword(id=1200747447657026483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=Toll-like receptor 9), Keyword(id=1200747447740912565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=肝内胆管癌), Keyword(id=1200747447808021430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=淫羊藿素), Keyword(id=1200747447912879031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=免疫微环境), Keyword(id=1200747448009348024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=巨噬细胞极化), Keyword(id=1200747448126788538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=Toll样受体9)], refs=[Reference(id=1200747451931022307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Florio AA, Ferlay J, Znaor A, et al. Global trends in intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma incidence from 1993 to 2012 [J]. Cancer, 2020, 126: 2666-2678., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200747452010714084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bertuccio P, Malvezzi M, Carioli G, et al. Global trends in mortality from intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma [J]. J Hepatol, 2019, 71: 104-114., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200747452086211557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Banales JM, Marin JJG, Lamarca A, et al. Cholangiocarcinoma 2020: the next horizon in mechanisms and management [J]. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2020, 17: 557-588., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200747452174291942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=3, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Valle JW, Furuse J, Jitlal M, et al. Cisplatin and gemcitabine for advanced biliary tract cancer: a meta-analysis of two randomised trials [J]. Ann Oncol, 2014, 25: 391-398., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200747452245595111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=4, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lo EC, N Rucker A, Federle MP. Hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: imaging for diagnosis, tumor response to treatment and liver response to radiation [J]. Semin Radiat Oncol, 2018, 28: 267-276., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200747452304315368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=5, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Tao HM, Liu MY, Wang Y, et al. Icaritin induces anti-tumor immune responses in hepatocellular carcinoma by inhibiting splenic myeloid-derived suppressor cell generation [J]. Front Immunol, 2021, 12: 609295., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200747452409172969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Deng DJ, Li L, Tan XY, et al. Effect of icariin on the proliferation of intrahepatic bile duct cancer cells by regulating glycolysis via Akt/mTOR [J]. Chin Tradit Herb Drugs (中草药), 2002, 53: 3061-3069., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200747452476281834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=7, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Shapouri-Moghaddam A, Mohammadian S, Vazini H, et al. Macrophage plasticity, polarization, and function in health and disease [J]. J Cell Physiol, 2018, 233: 6425-6440., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200747452597916651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=8, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang JB, Xiao XH. The indirect regulatory role of traditional Chinese medicine and the innovative development of indirect acting traditional Chinese medicine [J]. China J Chin Mater Med (中国中药杂志), 2021, 46: 5443-5449., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200747452677608428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=9, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Pan Y, Yu Y, Wang X, et al. Tumor-associated macrophages in tumor immunity [J]. Front Immunol, 2020, 11: 583084., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200747452765688813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=10, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Moris D, Palta M, Kim C, et al. Advances in the treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: an overview of the current and future therapeutic landscape for clinicians [J]. CA Cancer J Clin, 2023, 73: 198-222., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200747452891517934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=11, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sirica AE, Gores GJ, Groopman JD, et al. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: continuing challnges and translational advances [J]. Hepatology, 2019, 69: 1803-1815., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200747452983792623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=12, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Qin SK, Li Q, Xu JM, et al. Icaritin-induced immunomodulatory efficacy in advanced hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma: immunodynamic biomarkers and overall survival [J]. Cancer Sci, 2020, 111: 4218-4231., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200747453076067312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=13, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yu Z, Guo J, Hu M, et al. Icaritin exacerbates mitophagy and synergizes with doxorubicin to induce immunogenic cell death in hepatocellular carcinoma [J]. ACS Nano, 2020, 14: 4816-4828., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200747453159953393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=14, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Mo D, Zhu H, Wang J, et al. Icaritin inhibits PD-L1 expression by targeting protein IκB kinase α [J]. Eur J Immunol, 2021, 51: 978-988., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200747453252228082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=15, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Shi K, Huang YY, Hou J, et al. Research progress on mechanism of Fuzheng and detoxification prescriptions regulating microenvironment of liver cancer [J]. Beijing J Tradit Chin Med (北京中医药), 2020, 39: 1321-1323., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200747453315142643, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=16, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ye LH, Cheng HB, Zhang YH, et al. Discussion on the etiology of TCM diseases of primary liver cancer [J]. Lishizhen Med Mater Med Res (时珍国医国药), 2010, 21: 2627-2628., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200747453378057204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=17, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Su C, Kent CL, Pierpoint M, et al. Enhancing radiotherapy response via intratumoral injection of the TLR9 agonist CpG to stimulate CD8 T cells in an autochthonous mouse model of sarcoma [J]. bioRxiv, 2024. DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.03.573968., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200747453478720501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=18, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bao D, Zhao J, Zhou X, et al. Mitochondrial fission-induced mtDNA stress promotes tumor-associated macrophage infiltration and HCC progression [J]. Oncogene, 2019, 38: 5007-5020., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200747453617132534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=19, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen P, Wang D, Wang Y, et al. Maximizing TLR9 activation in cancer immunotherapy with dual-adjuvanted spherical nucleic acids [J]. Nano Lett, 2022, 22: 4058-4066., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200747453696824311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=20, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Huang H, Sun Z, Xu J, et al. Yang-Xin-Shu-Mai granule alleviates atherosclerosis by regulating macrophage polarization via the TLR9/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway [J]. J Ethnopharmacol, 2024, 318: 116868., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200747453755544568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=21, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Häcker H, Vabulas RM, Takeuchi O, et al. Immune cell activation by bacterial CpG-DNA through myeloid differentiation marker 88 and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TRAF)6 [J]. J Exp Med, 2000, 192: 595-600., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200747453852013561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=22, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu Y, Gu Y, Han Y, et al. Tumor exosomal RNAs promote lung pre-metastatic niche formation by activating alveolar epithelial TLR3 to recruit neutrophils [J]. Cancer Cell, 2016, 30: 243-256., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200747453919122426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=23, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Tavora B, Mederer T, Wessel KJ, et al. Tumoural activation of TLR3-SLIT2 axis in endothelium drives metastasis [J]. Nature, 2020, 586: 299-304., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200747453998814203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=24, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Rodell CB, Arlauckas SP, Cuccarese MF, et al. TLR7/8-agonist-loaded nanoparticles promote the polarization of tumour-associated macrophages to enhance cancer immunotherapy [J]. Nat Biomed Eng, 2018, 2: 578-588., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200747454057534460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=25, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ribas A, Medina T, Kirkwood JM, et al. Overcoming PD-1 blockade resistance with CpG-A Toll-like receptor 9 agonist vidutolimod in patients with metastatic melanoma [J]. Cancer Discov, 2021, 11: 2998-3007., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1200747450471404511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, awardId=82204680, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助项目(82204680), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1200747451608060896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, awardId=060302-2303-19, language=CN, fundingSource=中央本级重大增减支项目“名贵中药资源可持续利用能力建设项目”(060302-2303-19), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1200747451675169761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, awardId=YYZDXK-2023004, language=CN, fundingSource=国家中医药管理局高水平中医药重点学科建设项目(YYZDXK-2023004), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1200747451767444450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, awardId=ZYYCXTD-C-202005, language=CN, fundingSource=国家中医药管理局中医药创新团队及人才支持计划项目(ZYYCXTD-C-202005), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200747443085235018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200747443093623626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, companyId=1200747443085235018, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200747443102012236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, companyId=1200747443085235018, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.南方医科大学中医药学院, 广东 广州 510000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1200747443160732495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200747443169121103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, companyId=1200747443160732495, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100071, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200747443173315408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, companyId=1200747443160732495, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.首都医科大学中医药学院, 北京 100071)]), AuthorCompany(id=1200747443244618578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200747443253007187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, companyId=1200747443244618578, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. Fifth Medical Center, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100071, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200747443261395796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, companyId=1200747443244618578, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.解放军总医院第五医学中心, 北京 100071)]), AuthorCompany(id=1200747443366253400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200747443374642009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, companyId=1200747443366253400, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4. State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-Di Herbs, Beijing 100070, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200747443383030619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, companyId=1200747443366253400, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.道地药材品质保障与资源持续利用全国重点实验室, 北京 100070)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1200747448315532222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=qJAruwaDeS+iwDHV8Tyojg==, figureFileBig=nbyasAOMiTBZSf8vpXsiDQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200747448403612608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, language=CN, label=Figure 1, caption= Icaritin (ICA) significantly inhibits tumor growth in sgp19/kRas mice. A: Study design; B: Liver weight of vehicle and ICA-treated sgp19/kRas mice; C: Representative images of tumor morphology in vehicle and ICA-treated sgp19/kRas mice; D: Gross images and H & E, CK19 (magnification ×400; scale bar = 50 µm), Ki67 (magnification ×400; scale bar = 50 µm) staining of livers from vehicle and ICA-treated sgp19/kRas mice. Ig: Intragastric. <i>n</i> = 6, $\overline{x} \pm s$. <sup>****</sup><i>P</i> < 0.000 1 , figureFileSmall=qJAruwaDeS+iwDHV8Tyojg==, figureFileBig=nbyasAOMiTBZSf8vpXsiDQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200747448512664514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=t3EGeAeiOc6yqUBp5u7eXA==, figureFileBig=svAbPdudBNK22tJr0CmktA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200747448596550596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= Effect of ICA on macrophage polarization in the sgp19/kRas model. A: Cell suspensions from spleen of tumor free mice, sgp19/kRas tumor-bearing mice treated by ICA or vehicle were stained for CD86 and CD206 and analyzed by flow cytometry; B: Quantification of the M1 macrophage populations; C: Quantification of the M2 macrophage populations; D: Quantification of CD3<sup>+</sup>CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells. NS: Normal spleen; TS: Tumor spleen; ICA: ICA treated spleen. <i>n</i> = 3, $\overline{x} \pm s$. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 , figureFileSmall=t3EGeAeiOc6yqUBp5u7eXA==, figureFileBig=svAbPdudBNK22tJr0CmktA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200747448684630982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=yRCZqkK2VQQ198O4zMhe6w==, figureFileBig=9Ac1xLPeU0MQg1E3mZ4qvQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200747448793682888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= Immunofluorescence staining of M1-like and M2-like macrophages in the liver/tumor tissues of sgp19/kRas mice treated with vehicle or ICA. F4/80<sup>+</sup>CD80<sup>+</sup> M1-like macrophages (A) and F4/80<sup>+</sup>CD206<sup>+</sup> M2-like macrophages (B) were stained and quantified by Image J. Magnification ×400; scale bar=50 µm. <i>n</i> = 3, $\overline{x} \pm s$. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05 , figureFileSmall=yRCZqkK2VQQ198O4zMhe6w==, figureFileBig=9Ac1xLPeU0MQg1E3mZ4qvQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200747448860791754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=0RfEfZJXsLjBVIr1y3JR4w==, figureFileBig=fimNr4TGUr7InjrnA5XnYA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200747448965649356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= Effects of ICA on macrophage polarization <i>in vitro</i>. Western blot of polarization level in BMDM cells (A) and RAW264.7 cells (B). iNOS: Inducible nitric oxide synthase, as a marker of M1-like macrophage polarization. ARG1: Arginase-1, as a marker of M2-like macrophage polarization. Macrophages were stimulated with 200 ng·mL<sup>-1</sup> LPS or 20 ng·mL<sup>-1</sup> IL-4, and then treated with ICA to evaluate the regulation of ICA on macrophage polarization. <i>n</i> = 3, $\overline{x} \pm s$. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001, <sup>****</sup><i>P</i> < 0.000 1 , figureFileSmall=0RfEfZJXsLjBVIr1y3JR4w==, figureFileBig=fimNr4TGUr7InjrnA5XnYA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200747449045341134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=Ll4TLZ4eB9UOmWjiM8spbQ==, figureFileBig=GUyI05YKOh7UjhDhl07RRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200747449162781648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption= RT-qPCR of M1 marker expression (<i>TNF</i>-<i>α</i>, <i>VEGFa</i>) and M2 marker expression (<i>ARG1</i>, <i>Ccl22</i>, <i>CD206</i>, <i>IL</i>-<i>13</i>, <i>TGFβ1</i>, <i>Fizz1</i>) in BMDM cells. <i>TNF</i>-<i>α</i>: Tumor necrosis factor-<i>α</i>; <i>VEGFa</i>: Vascular endothelial growth factor A; <i>Ccl22</i>: C-C motif chemokine ligand 22; <i>CD206</i>: Macrophage mannose receptor 1; <i>IL</i>-<i>13</i>: Interleukin-13; <i>TGFβ1</i>: Transforming growth factor, beta 1; <i>Fizz1</i>: Found in inflammatory zone 1. <i>n</i> = 3, $\overline{x} \pm s$. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 , figureFileSmall=Ll4TLZ4eB9UOmWjiM8spbQ==, figureFileBig=GUyI05YKOh7UjhDhl07RRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200747449259250642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=z1MfDZysesNKu7MsjS2oxw==, figureFileBig=+kx7IOFveMRWZr1VIFZ6dQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200747449351525332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, language=CN, label=Figure 6, caption= Conditioned medium (CM) preparation from ICA-treated macrophages , figureFileSmall=z1MfDZysesNKu7MsjS2oxw==, figureFileBig=+kx7IOFveMRWZr1VIFZ6dQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200747449447994325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=a4tbwv3n7oSCP/B6PSPLjw==, figureFileBig=KpZErbj4SdwhebxXaWIFXA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200747449552851926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, language=CN, label=Figure 7, caption= ICA-driven M1 macrophage polarization inhibits ICC cell proliferation. Crystal violet staining and quantification of M4-2a (A) and SK (B) cells after CM treatment of ICA-treated macrophages. ICA-CM: Conditioned medium from 20 μmol·L<sup>-1</sup> ICA stimulation in RAW264.7 cells; LPS-CM: Conditioned medium from 200 ng·mL<sup>-1</sup> LPS stimulation in RAW264.7 cells; LPSICA-CM: Conditioned medium from 200 ng·mL<sup>-1</sup> LPS and 20 μmol·L<sup>-1</sup> ICA stimulation in RAW264.7 cells. Typical imagery was extracted in terms of three individual assays. Bottom relative absorbance quantitative analysis. <i>n</i> = 4, $\overline{x} \pm s$. <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 , figureFileSmall=a4tbwv3n7oSCP/B6PSPLjw==, figureFileBig=KpZErbj4SdwhebxXaWIFXA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200747449640932311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=ZxHTvKpTU+NyVMvl5YsUfA==, figureFileBig=dHpI+n5X0th6a+0CO8F+9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200747449712235480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, language=CN, label=Figure 8, caption= Transcriptome sequencing analysis in RAW264.7 cells after ICA treatment. A: Transcriptome-based three-dimensional principal component (PCA) diagram; B: Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of predicted target genes of ICA regulating macrophage polarization in LPSICA <i>vs</i> LPS; C: Clustering of LPS and LPSICA differential genes; D: Volcano plot of differential genes in LPSICA <i>vs</i> LPS. LPSICA: RAW264.7 cells stimulated by 200 ng·mL<sup>-1</sup> LPS and 20 μmol·L<sup>-1</sup> ICA. LPS: RAW264.7 cells stimulated by 200 ng·mL<sup>-1</sup> LPS , figureFileSmall=ZxHTvKpTU+NyVMvl5YsUfA==, figureFileBig=dHpI+n5X0th6a+0CO8F+9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200747449804510169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=PkUfzwl0JJlBoCYsD1ljcA==, figureFileBig=5R1z4HOtJ/qjhlfeOjl6/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200747449942922202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, language=CN, label=Figure 9, caption= TLR9 expression was upregulated after ICA stimulation <i>in vitro</i>. A: Western blot analysis of TLR9 in RAW264.7 cells following stimulation with 200 ng·mL<sup>-1</sup> LPS, and then treated with 20 μmol·L<sup>-1</sup> ICA. GAPDH was used as a loading control; B: RT-qPCR quantification of TLR9 mRNA levels in BMDM cells pre-stimulated with 200 ng·mL<sup>-1</sup> LPS, and then treated with 40 μmol·L<sup>-1</sup> ICA. <i>n</i> = 3, $\overline{x} \pm s$. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 , figureFileSmall=PkUfzwl0JJlBoCYsD1ljcA==, figureFileBig=5R1z4HOtJ/qjhlfeOjl6/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200747450031002587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=Nkw6u763jPX+kqtbGnbNfA==, figureFileBig=3p0D8KXkONQeUESKfRx3tw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200747450110694364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, language=CN, label=Figure 10, caption= Icaritin inhibits intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma development by TLR9-mediated macrophages M1 polarization , figureFileSmall=Nkw6u763jPX+kqtbGnbNfA==, figureFileBig=3p0D8KXkONQeUESKfRx3tw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200747450202969053, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Gene Primer sequence
TNF-α Forword 5'-CTCTTCTGTCTACTGAACTTCGG-3'
Reverse 5'-AAGATGATCTGAGTGTGAGGGT-3'
VEGFa Forword 5'-GACCTCTCACCGGAAAGACC-3'
Reverse 5'-TCCTCTTCCTTCATGTCAGGC-3'
ARG1 Forword 5'-CTCCAAGCCAAAGTCCTTAGAG-3'
Reverse 5'-AGGAGCTGTCATTAGGGACATC-3'
Ccl22 Forword 5'-CCCTATGGTGCCAATGTGGA-3'
Reverse 5'-GCAAGGCTCTTGCTGGAATG-3'
CD206 Forword 5'-TTTGGAGGCTGATTACGAGCA-3'
Reverse 5'-TGGTTCACCGTAAGCCCAAT-3'
IL-13 Forword 5'-ATGAGTCTGCAGTATCCCG-3'
Reverse 5'-CCGTGGCAGACAGGAGTGTT-3'
TGFβ1 Forword 5'-GTCCAAACTAAGGCTCGCCA-3'
Reverse 5'-ATAGATGGCGTTGTTGCGGT-3'
Fizz1 Forword 5'-GAGACCATAGAGATTATCGTGGA-3'
Reverse 5'-CACACCCAGTAGCAGTCATC-3'
TLR9 Forword 5'-ATGGTTCTCCGTCGAAGGACT-3'
Reverse 5'-GAGGCTTCAGCTCACAGGG-3'
GAPDH Forword 5'-GGCATTGCTCTCAATGACAA-3'
Reverse 5'-ATGTAGGCCATGAGGTCCAC-3'
), ArticleFig(id=1200747450291049438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383179686277819, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

Primer sequences used in this study

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Gene Primer sequence
TNF-α Forword 5'-CTCTTCTGTCTACTGAACTTCGG-3'
Reverse 5'-AAGATGATCTGAGTGTGAGGGT-3'
VEGFa Forword 5'-GACCTCTCACCGGAAAGACC-3'
Reverse 5'-TCCTCTTCCTTCATGTCAGGC-3'
ARG1 Forword 5'-CTCCAAGCCAAAGTCCTTAGAG-3'
Reverse 5'-AGGAGCTGTCATTAGGGACATC-3'
Ccl22 Forword 5'-CCCTATGGTGCCAATGTGGA-3'
Reverse 5'-GCAAGGCTCTTGCTGGAATG-3'
CD206 Forword 5'-TTTGGAGGCTGATTACGAGCA-3'
Reverse 5'-TGGTTCACCGTAAGCCCAAT-3'
IL-13 Forword 5'-ATGAGTCTGCAGTATCCCG-3'
Reverse 5'-CCGTGGCAGACAGGAGTGTT-3'
TGFβ1 Forword 5'-GTCCAAACTAAGGCTCGCCA-3'
Reverse 5'-ATAGATGGCGTTGTTGCGGT-3'
Fizz1 Forword 5'-GAGACCATAGAGATTATCGTGGA-3'
Reverse 5'-CACACCCAGTAGCAGTCATC-3'
TLR9 Forword 5'-ATGGTTCTCCGTCGAAGGACT-3'
Reverse 5'-GAGGCTTCAGCTCACAGGG-3'
GAPDH Forword 5'-GGCATTGCTCTCAATGACAA-3'
Reverse 5'-ATGTAGGCCATGAGGTCCAC-3'
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1189982048455397383, delFlag=0, nameCn=药学学报, nameEn=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=0513-4870, eissn=null, cn=11-2163/R, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=BTxjudbJDVO4PqdBR6On6Q==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=null, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1761643429151, updatedTime=1761735768113, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=A, firstLetterEn=A, subjectCode=Life Sciences, subjectName=Life Sciences, subjectCodeEn=Life Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=BTxjudbJDVO4PqdBR6On6Q==, picEn=c4l1ckL55nWbhl1KrFdWIA==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1190369346338783397, language=CN, name=药学学报, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1761735768160, updatedTime=1761735768160, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/authorLogOn.action, submissionEditorUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/editorLogOn.action, submissionReviewUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/expertLogOn.action, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1190369346376532134, language=EN, name=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1761735768169, updatedTime=1761735768169, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/authorLogOn.action, submissionEditorUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/editorLogOn.action, submissionReviewUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/expertLogOn.action, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1189982191388893191, websiteList=[Website(id=1189982271588340489, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1189982191388893191, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN, language=CN, createTime=1761643482348, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761643498101, updateBy=18614031015, name=药学学报-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=药学学报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1189982873114448678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761643625763, updateTime=1761643625763, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873093477155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761643625758, updateTime=1761643625758, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873135420201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643625768, updateTime=1761643625768, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873085088546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/file/pic?fileId=w+t2v8bJnX5lh3+hRRJcDA==, createTime=1761643625756, updateTime=1761643625756, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873152197419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643625772, updateTime=1761643625772, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873110254373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1761643625762, updateTime=1761643625762, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873143808810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643625770, updateTime=1761643625770, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873101865764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1761643625760, updateTime=1761643625760, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873122837287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761643625765, updateTime=1761643625765, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873127031592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761643625766, updateTime=1761643625766, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1189982271655449355, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1189982191388893191, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN, language=EN, createTime=1761643482364, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761643514085, updateBy=18614031015, name=药学学报-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1189982903015633534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761643632892, updateTime=1761643632892, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982902990467707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761643632886, updateTime=1761643632886, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903036605057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643632897, updateTime=1761643632897, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982902982079098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN/file/pic?fileId=w+t2v8bJnX5lh3+hRRJcDA==, createTime=1761643632884, updateTime=1761643632884, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903053382275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643632901, updateTime=1761643632901, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903007244925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN/file/pic, createTime=1761643632890, updateTime=1761643632890, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903044993666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643632899, updateTime=1761643632899, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982902998856316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1761643632888, updateTime=1761643632888, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903019827839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761643632893, updateTime=1761643632893, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903028216448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761643632895, updateTime=1761643632895, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=药学学报, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/aps, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, journalPhotoCn=BTxjudbJDVO4PqdBR6On6Q==, journalPhotoEn=c4l1ckL55nWbhl1KrFdWIA==, journalFirstLetter=A, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0265, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0265, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/PDF/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0265, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN/PDF/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0265, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
淫羊藿素调控巨噬细胞极化治疗肝内胆管癌的药效作用及机制初探
收藏切换
PDF下载
王婧雯 1, 2 , 李珍 2 , 黄秀勤 2 , 徐子婧 2 , 耿嘉豪 2 , 许燕瑜 2 , 梁天祎 2 , 湛小燕 3 , 康利平 4 , 王伽伯 1, 2, 4, * , 宋鑫华 2, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2024,59(8): 2227-2236
收起
收藏切换
药学学报 | 研究论文 2024, 59(8): 2227-2236
淫羊藿素调控巨噬细胞极化治疗肝内胆管癌的药效作用及机制初探
全屏
王婧雯1, 2, 李珍2, 黄秀勤2, 徐子婧2, 耿嘉豪2, 许燕瑜2, 梁天祎2, 湛小燕3, 康利平4, 王伽伯1, 2, 4, * , 宋鑫华2, *
作者信息
  • 1.南方医科大学中医药学院, 广东 广州 510000
  • 2.首都医科大学中医药学院, 北京 100071
  • 3.解放军总医院第五医学中心, 北京 100071
  • 4.道地药材品质保障与资源持续利用全国重点实验室, 北京 100070

通讯作者:

*王伽伯, E-mail: ;
宋鑫华, E-mail:
Preliminary exploration of the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of icaritin in regulating macrophage polarization for the treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Jing-wen WANG1, 2, Zhen LI2, Xiu-qin HUANG2, Zi-jing XU2, Jia-hao GENG2, Yan-yu XU2, Tian-yi LIANG2, Xiao-yan ZHAN3, Li-ping KANG4, Jia-bo WANG1, 2, 4, * , Xin-hua SONG2, *
Affiliations
  • 1. School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
  • 2. School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100071, China
  • 3. Fifth Medical Center, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100071, China
  • 4. State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-Di Herbs, Beijing 100070, China
出版时间: 2024-08-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0265
文章导航
收藏切换

肝内胆管癌(intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, ICC) 发病率持续攀升, 目前尚无有效治疗药物。免疫微环境在ICC发展中扮演重要角色, 是当前研究热点。淫羊藿素(icaritin, ICA) 是治疗晚期肝细胞癌的创新中药, 被认为有潜在的免疫调控抗肿瘤作用, 与中医“扶正”治疗肿瘤的认识潜在相合。然而, ICA是否可用于ICC治疗尚未见研究报道。为此, 本研究选取免疫系统完整的原位ICC小鼠模型sgp19/kRas, 首次在体内评估了ICA治疗ICC的药效, 并通过流式细胞术分析ICA对ICC小鼠肿瘤免疫微环境的影响[本实验所有动物实验均获得首都医科大学动物伦理委员会(中国北京) 批准, 批准号: AEEI-2023-138]。本研究应用100 mg·kg-1 ICA灌胃治疗sgp19/kRas ICC原位小鼠模型, 结果显示, ICA治疗3周后能够显著抑制sgp19/kRas ICC小鼠模型的肿瘤生长及肿瘤细胞增殖。通过流式细胞术分析ICA对ICC小鼠肿瘤免疫微环境的影响, 结果表明, ICA治疗后能够显著降低M2型巨噬细胞占比, 并且显著增加CD3+CD4+ T细胞的数量。体外实验阐明ICA能促进巨噬细胞向M1型巨噬细胞极化, 抑制其向M2型巨噬细胞极化。此外, 转录组学分析结果提示, ICA能够增强Toll样受体9 (TLR9) 的表达, 影响巨噬细胞一氧化氮代谢合成途径及膜受体相关活性, 发挥其巨噬细胞极化调节功能。综上, 本研究发现ICA治疗能显著延缓sgp19/kRas ICC小鼠肿瘤进展。机制上, ICA可能通过上调TLR9受体表达水平, 促进巨噬细胞向M1细胞的极化, 改变肿瘤免疫微环境, 进而达到抗ICC的作用。

肝内胆管癌  /  淫羊藿素  /  免疫微环境  /  巨噬细胞极化  /  Toll样受体9

The incidence of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) continues to rise, and there are no effective drugs to treat it. The immune microenvironment plays an important role in the development of ICC and is currently a research hotspot. Icaritin (ICA) is an innovative traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. It is considered to have potential immunoregulatory and anti-tumor effects, which is potentially consistent with the understanding of "Fuzheng" in the treatment of tumor in traditional Chinese medicine. However, whether ICA can be used to treat ICC has not been reported. Therefore, in this study, sgp19/kRas, an in situ ICC mouse model with intact immune system, was selected to evaluate the efficacy of ICA in the treatment of ICC in vivo for the first time, and the effects of ICA on the tumor immune microenvironment of ICC mice were analyzed by flow cytometry. This experiment was approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Capital Medical University (approval number: AEEI-2023-138). In this study, sgp19/kRas ICC mouse model was treated with oral gavage of 100 mg·kg-1 ICA. We found that ICA significantly inhibited tumor growth and tumor cell proliferation in the sgp19/kRas ICC mouse model after 3 weeks of treatment. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that ICA treatment markedly reduced the proportion of M2 macrophages and increased the number of CD3+CD4+ T cells. In vitro experiments demonstrated that ICA promoted macrophage polarization towards the M1 phenotype while inhibiting polarization towards the M2 phenotype. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis suggested that ICA enhanced Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) expression, influencing macrophage nitric oxide metabolism synthesis pathways and receptor-related activities, thereby regulating macrophage polarization. In summary, this study demonstrates that ICA treatment significantly delays tumor progression in sgp19/kRas ICC mouse models. Mechanistically, ICA may achieve its anti-ICC effects by upregulating TLR9 receptor expression levels, promoting macrophage polarization towards the M1 phenotype, and altering the tumor immune microenvironment.

intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma  /  icaritin  /  immune microenvironment  /  macrophage polarization  /  Toll-like receptor 9
王婧雯, 李珍, 黄秀勤, 徐子婧, 耿嘉豪, 许燕瑜, 梁天祎, 湛小燕, 康利平, 王伽伯, 宋鑫华. 淫羊藿素调控巨噬细胞极化治疗肝内胆管癌的药效作用及机制初探. 药学学报, 2024 , 59 (8) : 2227 -2236 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0265
Jing-wen WANG, Zhen LI, Xiu-qin HUANG, Zi-jing XU, Jia-hao GENG, Yan-yu XU, Tian-yi LIANG, Xiao-yan ZHAN, Li-ping KANG, Jia-bo WANG, Xin-hua SONG. Preliminary exploration of the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of icaritin in regulating macrophage polarization for the treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2024 , 59 (8) : 2227 -2236 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0265
肝内胆管癌(intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, ICC) 是仅次于肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma, HCC) 的第二大原发性肝癌, 近年来在我国发病率持续攀升, 目前尚无有效治疗药物[1, 2]。ICC是一种恶性程度极高的肝脏原发肿瘤, 与HCC相比, ICC具有更高的转移率、更高的侵袭性、高化疗耐药性、发病隐匿和早期转移等特性, 因此多数患者确诊时常伴有局部侵袭或远处转移而失去手术根治机会, 5年生存率仅为15%~40%[3-5]
淫羊藿(epimedium) 又名仙灵脾, 《神农本草经》列为中品, 具有补肾阳、强筋骨、祛风湿的功效。淫羊藿素(icaritin, ICA) 是从中药淫羊藿中提取、分离得到的淫羊藿苷水解产物, 其常用商品名为阿可拉定。多项药理研究表明, ICA不仅具备促骨骼修复和消炎作用等广泛的治疗能力, 还可影响多种免疫细胞的活性, 临床上可作为一种新的免疫调节剂以治疗肝癌[6]。而关于ICA治疗肝癌的作用机制研究, 大多集中在HCC上, 对于ICC的报道少之又少。仅有的报道也只限于ICA对于ICC细胞的直接杀伤, 且缺乏体内机制研究[7]
肿瘤免疫微环境(tumor microenvironment, TME) 是指肿瘤的发生、生长及转移与肿瘤细胞所处的内外环境有着密切关系。在TME中, 多种免疫细胞被招募且浸润的免疫细胞成分复杂多变, 并对肿瘤细胞的生长产生一定的影响。肿瘤相关巨噬细胞(tumor-associated macrophages, TAMs) 是肝癌微环境中数量最多的免疫细胞, 具有高度可塑性与异质性, 是造成肝癌抑制性免疫微环境的重要亚群之一。肿瘤微环境中的TAMs能够被不同的细胞因子招募和激活, 分化成与特定病理状况相关的特定极化形式: M1型巨噬细胞和M2型巨噬细胞。M1型巨噬细胞加速适应性免疫反应的激活, 同时分泌细胞因子, 促进炎症反应; 而M2型巨噬细胞分泌抑制性细胞因子, 同时促进免疫逃逸、血管生成和组织重塑, 以实现肿瘤生长和转移[8]。基于中医药“扶正”调节免疫治疗肿瘤的认识, 中药对TME的影响已成为近年来的研究热点。
因此, 靶向ICC体内的肿瘤微环境可能作为治疗癌症的潜在靶标。本研究将重点对ICA是否通过作用于肿瘤免疫微环境而起到抗ICC的作用进行研究。
实验动物  从斯贝福生物技术有限公司购买6~8周龄、体重18~20 g的雌性C57BL/6J小鼠。在实验期间, 动物被饲养在没有病原体的环境中, 同时可以不受限制地获得食物和水。本研究中的所有动物程序均按照实验动物的护理和使用指南进行, 并经首都医科大学动物伦理委员会批准。在实验时, 尽最大努力将痛苦和使用的动物数量降至最低。实验动物伦理编号为AEEI-2023-138。
药物与试剂  淫羊藿素(货号: 118525-40-9) 购自成都普菲德生物技术有限公司; 聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(polyvinyl pyrrolidone, PVP, 货号: 81420-100G)、胶原酶(货号: C5138) 购自美国Sigma-Aldrich公司; LB肉汤(货号: 02-136) 购自北京奥博星生物技术有限责任公司; ACK裂解液(货号: 2451173)、EDTA (0.5 mol·L-1) (货号: R1021)、ACK裂解缓冲液(货号: A1049201) 购自美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司; 牛血清白蛋白V (货号: A21749-5G)、脱氧核糖核酸酶I (货号: EZ1178)、Hyaluronidase (货号: EZ1176)、两性霉素B (货号: AT0453) 购自北京华中海威基因科技有限公司; Percoll细胞分离液(货号: 17-0891-01) 购自美国GE公司; Cyto-Last Buffer (货号: 422501) 购自美国Biolegend公司; Foxp3/转录因子染色缓冲液套件(货号: 00-5523-00) 购自美国eBioscience公司; FastPure Cell/Tissue Total RNA Isolation Kit V2 (货号: RC112-01)、增强型ECL化学发光检测试剂盒(货号: E411-04/05) 购自南京诺唯赞生物科技股份有限公司; Western blot一抗稀释液(货号: P0023A-500 mL)、Western blot二抗稀释液(货号: P0023D-500 mL) 购自上海碧云天生物技术有限公司; 无蛋白快速封闭液(货号: PS108P)、Western blot抗体快速剥离缓冲液(温和通用型) (货号: PS107)、一步法PAGE凝胶快速制备试剂盒(货号: PG213) 购自上海雅酶生物医药科技公司; RIPA裂解液(货号: BN25012)、BCA蛋白浓度测定试剂盒(货号: BN27109) 购自北京百瑞极生物科技有限公司; 2 mL冻存管(货号: 430659-1)、50 mL离心管(货号: 430829) 购自美国Corning公司; Trizol (货号: 111003)、涂布棒(货号: HK9945-100) 购自北京军科弘创生物技术有限公司; 无内毒素质粒小提中量试剂盒(货号: DP118-02)、无内毒素质粒大提试剂盒(增强型) (DP120) 购自北京天根生化科技有限公司。
主要仪器   FACSymphonyTM流式细胞仪(美国BD Biosciences公司); 离心机(美国Sigma公司); 恒温孵箱(美国Thermo Fisher公司); 多功能酶标仪(美国伯腾仪器有限公司); 摇床(北京兰杰柯科技有限公司); -20 ℃冰箱、4 ℃冰箱、-80 ℃超低温冰箱(海尔公司)。
细胞用ICA配制  使用细胞培养级DMSO溶解至100 mmol·L-1, 后超声, 现用现配。
动物用ICA配制  用15% PVP溶解, 后超声, 过0.22 µm滤网。配制成100 mg·kg-1浓度, 现用现配。每只鼠灌胃给予0.2 mL, 即给药质量浓度为10 mg·mL-1淫羊藿素溶液。
质粒配制  质粒溶液用量为10%体重(以小鼠体重20 g为例, 质粒溶解在2 mL生理盐水中) 质粒用量如下: sgp19 (10 µg), kRas (25 µg), SB (5 µg)。选用6~8周龄雄性FVB/N小鼠。将质粒sgp19、kRas、SB质粒混合, 混合后的质粒溶液经过0.22 µm滤膜过滤, 在5~10 s内快速注入小鼠尾静脉。
分组与给药  对于模型组和治疗组, 将以上模型随机分为每组8只, 间隔处死小鼠, 确定小鼠肿瘤形成及进展时间, 肿瘤重量为2~3 g时处死小鼠作为用药前组, 收集肝脏组织。此后开始给药, ICA用量为100 mg·kg-1, 每天给药1次, 每周灌胃6天间歇1天, 连续给药3周。
流式细胞术实验分组为同周龄的正常小鼠组、模型对照组和ICA治疗组。
小鼠骨髓来源巨噬细胞(bone marrow-derived macrophages, BMDM) 的提取  取雌性C57小鼠, 脱颈处死后浸泡在75%乙醇中, 浸泡2~3 min。在超净工作台中, 用消毒的剪刀剪开小鼠大腿处的皮毛, 沿着大腿剪至髋关节, 直至取出完整大腿, 放置在干净的纱布上, 隔着纱布剥离上面的组织。取配制好的DMEM培养基和5 mL注射器, 将吸取了培养基的注射器针头插入大腿和小腿末端缺口, 在50 mL离心管中冲洗3~4次, 看到大腿骨头泛白即冲洗干净。骨髓来源的巨噬细胞已在离心管中, 慢慢吹匀。加入25 ng·mL-1小鼠集落刺激因子(macrophage colony stimulating factor, M-CSF), 可以催化细胞生长, 后放置在孵箱中培养。在第3天时, 6孔板每个孔补加1 mL配制好的含M-CSF的DMEM培养基继续培养。细胞培养至第5天时, 可以在显微镜下观察细胞状态, 为长梭形、密度合适时即可进行后续实验。
细胞培养   M4-2a、SK肝内胆管癌细胞、RAW264.7、小鼠BMDM在DMEM培养基中培养, 细胞培养箱的条件设置为37 ℃恒温, CO2浓度为5%。
细胞给药  细胞贴壁完全后, 先弃去上清, 巨噬细胞给予相应的刺激后24 h再加入相应浓度的淫羊藿素。
荧光实时定量聚合酶链式反应(quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, real-time PCR) 检测巨噬细胞极化相关因子水平  将细胞用试剂盒提取总RNA, 并测定总RNA浓度。取1 μg总RNA, 反转录成cDNA, 按照反转录试剂盒说明书步骤操作。采用SYBR Green染料法进行RT-qPCR, 总反应体积为20 μL。反应条件: 95 ℃预变性30 s, 95 ℃变性10 s、60 ℃退火30 s、72 ℃延伸30 s, 共进行40次循环。设置3个复孔, 实验重复3次。以GAPDH为内参照, 引物序列见表 1
巨噬细胞预处理培养基的收取   RAW264.7细胞接种于6孔板里, 接种密度为每毫升1×106个, 贴壁后分别给予LPS (200 ng·mL-1)、IL-4 (20 ng·mL-1) 刺激, 24 h后给予对应浓度的ICA, 并按照0、6、24、48、72 h收集细胞上清, 2 000 r·min-1, 4 ℃离心10 min后, 吸取上清, 过滤后, 冻存于-80 ℃, 作为预处理培养基。
细胞活力检测  使用结晶紫染色检测ICA刺激RAW264.7细胞后产生的预处理培养基对M4-2a、SK细胞活力的影响。将ICC细胞接种在24孔板中, 待细胞贴壁完全后, 弃去上层培养基, 将预处理培养基和细胞完全培养基1∶1混合制备成条件培养基(conditioned medium, CM), 加入24孔板内。在孵箱中处理24 h后, 吸干各孔中的培养基, 加入配制好的结晶紫染料, 静置2~5 min后, 用流水缓慢洗去多余染料。倒扣24孔培养皿, 待其完全风干后, 每孔加入300 μL 33%乙酸溶解, 再点96孔板酶标仪在570 nm波长处检测吸光值。
蛋白质印记法检测蛋白表达  设置对照组及时间梯度ICA刺激组, 每组设置3个复孔, 巨噬细胞在LPS/IL-4刺激后, 给予不同浓度的ICA, 用BCA试剂盒对蛋白浓度进行定量, 每孔上样量25 μg, 分离后的样本转移至PVDF膜中, 转膜结束后加入5%脱脂奶粉封闭1 h, 加入GAPDH (1∶2 000)、iNOS (1∶1 000)、ARG1 (1∶1 000)、TLR9 (1∶1 000)。4 ℃孵育过夜, TBST洗涤一抗3次, 每次10 min, 室温下在膜中加入兔抗(1∶1 000) 孵育1 h, 用TBST洗3次, 每次10 min, 化学发光法显色后拍照。
转录组学样本准备   RAW264.7细胞用1 000 μL移液枪吹打, 将细胞收集至15 mL离心管内, 800 r·min-1离心3 min, 去除上清, 加入培养基重悬细胞。计数, 接种至6孔板中, 种板密度为每毫升1×106个。贴壁后给予相应刺激, 然后使用对应浓度的淫羊藿素处理, 在不同时间点收集细胞沉淀。用1 mL Trizol重悬至2 mL冻存管(RNA/DNA-free), 放入液氮内速冻30 s~1 min后转入-80 ℃。然后进行转录组学测序分析。
统计学处理  使用GraphPad Prism 9.0和OFFICE EXCEL软件进行数据分析, 数据均以平均值±标准差表示。差异采用非配对学生t检验(两组间比较) 进行统计学评估。P < 0.05时, 认为差异具有统计学意义。
建立sgp19/kRas ICC小鼠原位肿瘤模型, 评估ICA对ICC的体内治疗作用, 利用高压水动力尾静脉将质粒混合物注射进入小鼠体内, 间隔处死小鼠, 确定小鼠肿瘤形成及进展时间, 肿瘤重量为2~3 g时处死小鼠作为用药前组, 收集肝脏组织。此后开始给药, 给药剂量为100 mg·kg-1, 每天给药1次, 灌胃6天间歇1天, 连续给药3周, 以肝重及免疫组化染色为评价指标。实验结果显示, ICA治疗后, 可以显著抑制该模型小鼠的肿瘤负荷, 具体表现为肝重显著下降。同时利用H & E染色以及肝内胆管癌指标CK19肿瘤阳性着染区域作为肿瘤多少的表征, 染色结果图显示, ICA治疗后可以显著降低肝脏中肿瘤所占面积, 提示肿瘤生长被ICA显著抑制。同时, 细胞增殖指标Ki-67免疫组化染色结果显示, ICA处理后, 能显著降低肿瘤细胞细胞核的Ki-67阳性着染, 抑制肿瘤细胞增殖生长(图 1)。
扶正祛邪是中医治疗疾病的基本法则, 其中扶正治法强调通过增强正气的方法, 提高机体免疫力, 从而祛邪外出, 恢复健康, 即所谓“正盛邪自祛”, 这也体现出中药调节和治疗疾病的一种重要而普遍的作用机制: 间接调控作用[9]。为了进一步研究淫羊藿素对于肿瘤的抑制作用是否对肿瘤免疫微环境产生影响, 本实验运用流式细胞术分析了淫羊藿素治疗后sgp19/kRas小鼠体内免疫细胞的浸润情况。实验结果显示, ICA治疗后, 能够显著降低M2型巨噬细胞(CD86-CD206+ M2) 的占比, 同时CD3+CD4+ T的数量显著增加(图 2)。此外, 使用DAPI标记细胞核, F4/80和CD80共定位M1型巨噬细胞, F4/80和CD206共定位M2型巨噬细胞, 动物组织免疫荧光共定位染色结果显示, ICA治疗后小鼠组织M1型巨噬细胞(F4/80+CD80+) 数量显著增多, M2型巨噬细胞(F4/80+CD206+) 数量减少(图 3), 该结果与小鼠流式结果一致。
为了进一步验证ICA对巨噬细胞极化的影响, 在体外分别使用LPS或IL-4预刺激后, 再用ICA处理不同的巨噬细胞系, 以iNOS表征M1型巨噬细胞极化水平, ARG1表征M2型巨噬细胞极化水平。结果显示, 在处理后6 h, 40 μmol·L-1 ICA促进BMDM巨噬细胞向M1型极化, 并抑制M2型巨噬细胞极化。对于RAW264.7细胞, 20 μmol·L-1 ICA在72 h促进其向M1巨噬细胞极化, 而在6 h抑制M2型巨噬细胞极化水平显著(图 4)。此外, 本研究利用RT-qPCR测定了在ICA刺激BMDM细胞后6 h, 巨噬细胞极化相关细胞因子变化, 结果显示M1型巨噬细胞极化的相关细胞因子TNFαVEGFa表达上升, 与此同时, 表征M2型巨噬细胞极化的ARG1Ccl22CD206IL-13TGFβ1Fizz1表达显著降低(图 5)。证实了ICA确实有促进M1型极化, 抑制M2型极化的作用, 与体内结果一致。
以上结果表明, ICA在不同时间点能够促进巨噬细胞向M1型极化。据相关文献[10]报道, M1型巨噬细胞具有免疫激活、促进癌细胞凋亡以及增强抗原呈递的作用, 对于肿瘤免疫微环境具有重要的影响。接下来, 本实验对ICA所促进的巨噬细胞M1型极化, 是否能够在体外抑制ICC细胞系的增殖进行进一步探究。首先, 条件培养基制备: ICA处理RAW264.7巨噬细胞72 h, 收集此时的培养基上清作为ICA预处理培养基, 随后, 将ICA预处理培养基与细胞完全培养基1∶1混合, 制成条件培养基, 将上述条件培养基用于两种ICC细胞系, M4-2a (AKT/YAP ICC小鼠原代细胞), 以及SK (sgp19/kRas ICC小鼠原代细胞) 的后续培养(图 6), 48 h后, 进行结晶紫染色和吸光度的测定。结果显示, 刺激后的LPSICA-CM, 在体外更有效地抑制了ICC细胞增殖(图 7)。
为了进一步探究ICA调控巨噬细胞极化的具体机制, 基于前文ICA处理巨噬细胞不同时间点iNOS表达水平, 本实验选择ICA显著促进M1型巨噬细胞极化的时间点, 收集ICA刺激RAW264.7细胞72 h的细胞沉淀, 进行转录组学测序分析。PCA结果显示, 4组之间均存在明显分离(图 8A), 提示淫羊藿素确实对巨噬细胞产生一定的调控作用。GO富集分析结果显示(图 8B), 膜受体通路活性显著上调, 并综合FPKM值和文献调研分析发现, ICA刺激后, 巨噬细胞膜表面Toll样受体9 (TLR9) 基因上调(图 8CD)。同时, 对TLR9受体活性进行了蛋白印迹检测和RT-qPCR分析, 结果表明ICA作用RAW264.7细胞后的24~72 h以及ICA作用BMDM细胞后6 h, TLR9受体基因及蛋白表达水平均显著上调(图 9)。
ICC发病隐匿, 极易侵犯肝脏周围器官、组织和神经, 发生淋巴结和肝外远处转移。早期诊断难, 恶性程度高, 并对放化疗极不敏感, 预后极差, 患者术后5年总体生存率为7%~20%[11, 12], 目前市面上的靶向药物作用有限, 且存在耐药问题。因此, 寻找治疗ICC患者新药及其分子机制的研究迫在眉睫。
ICA作为一种肝癌创新中药获批上市, 被认为是继“青蒿素”之后中药现代化的又一重大突破。通过对目前ICA在免疫调节方面的研究进行全面的文献调研发现, 现有的研究主要关注在ICA通过调控免疫抑制因素发挥抗肿瘤作用, 如通过抑制免疫检查点PD-L1表达和髓源抑制性细胞(myeloid-derived suppressor cells, MDSCs) 的作用, 以及活化干扰素-γ (interferon-gamma, IFN-γ) 阳性CD8+ T细胞等作用[6, 13-15]。然而, 目前对ICA抗肝内胆管癌的具体调控机制和靶标仍然缺乏系统清晰的认识。
基于中医药“扶正祛邪”的治则, 中药对肿瘤免疫微环境的影响已成为近年来的研究热点。不少中药表现出良好的抑制免疫检查点PD-L1的表达[16], 增加TME中的T细胞浸润, 增强细胞毒性T细胞(cytotoxic T cells, CTL) 的活性, 以及促进TAM由M2型向M1型转化[17]的治疗潜力。当前肿瘤治疗药物的开发方向越发关注机体本身的免疫能力, 除了强调实现直接杀伤肿瘤细胞还着重于驱动机体自身免疫, 这与中医“扶正祛邪”治癌症的诊疗观点辩证统一。而ICA作为一种小分子免疫调节剂, 其对于ICC的治疗作用及其肿瘤免疫微环境的调控作用未有相关报道。基于ICA对sgp19/kRas模型小鼠的抑癌表型, 本实验通过流式细胞术分析发现, ICA处理后, 能够显著促进体内体外模型中巨噬细胞的M1极化反应, 而M1型巨噬细胞被认为能够促进肿瘤免疫激活, 起到抑制肿瘤生长的作用。
TLR9已被报道可以引起先天性和适应性免疫反应的级联效应, 还具有招募树突状细胞(dendritic cells, DCs)、促进抗原提呈细胞(antigen-presenting cells, APCs) 活化、调节肿瘤免疫微环境的作用[18-20]。TLR9与CpG配体结合后还可以通过TLR9/MyD88/NF-κB信号通路, 促进M2型巨噬细胞向M1型巨噬细胞转化[21]。此外, ICA与CpG联合治疗可增加DCs和TAM的募集、细胞毒性CD8+ T细胞的浸润和抗PD-1/CTLA-4免疫检查点阻断治疗的抗肿瘤免疫应答[22]。目前已有多种Toll样受体家族的激动剂上市, 如TLR3激动剂可以用于实体瘤、黑色素瘤、胃癌、结直肠癌等的治疗[23, 24]。TLR7受体激动剂可以用作实体瘤、HER2阳性的实体瘤的治疗, 同时有文献报道TLR7可以驱动TAMs向M1型巨噬细胞极化[25]。TLR9激动剂也可用作黑色素瘤的治疗[26]。本实验进一步的转录组学分析结果提示, ICA刺激后, 可以激活巨噬细胞上TLR9受体的表达。因此, 推测ICA可能通过激活TLR9受体, 与肿瘤细胞表面或者内部的CpG序列结合, 调动先天免疫, 启动M2型巨噬细胞重编程, 使“冷肿瘤”向“热肿瘤”方向转化, 进而产生杀伤肿瘤的作用(图 10)。后续将通过敲除TLR9基因, 在体内体外进行更为深入的研究。
综上, 本研究首次揭示, ICA改变了ICC小鼠体内的肿瘤免疫微环境, 通过调控巨噬细胞极化水平, 进而调动先天免疫, 延缓该模型小鼠的肿瘤进展。本研究为ICA的免疫调节作用提供了科学依据, 以期为深入认识中医干预肝内胆管癌的生物学机制提供新依据和新视角, 在此基础上对ICA通过免疫调节治疗多种肿瘤疾病的研究起到启示和示范作用, 为ICA联合免疫治疗的创新疗法选择提供理论依据, 丰富中医药“扶正”辨治癌症的科学内涵。
作者贡献: 王婧雯负责实验方案设计与实施、数据处理、文章撰写; 李珍、黄秀勤、徐子婧、耿嘉豪、许燕瑜、梁天祎负责对本研究实验方案提出建议; 湛小燕、康利平、王伽伯、宋鑫华提供基金支持与论文修改。
利益冲突: 所有作者均声明无利益冲突。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(82204680)
  • 中央本级重大增减支项目“名贵中药资源可持续利用能力建设项目”(060302-2303-19)
  • 国家中医药管理局高水平中医药重点学科建设项目(YYZDXK-2023004)
  • 国家中医药管理局中医药创新团队及人才支持计划项目(ZYYCXTD-C-202005)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
Florio AA, Ferlay J, Znaor A, et al. Global trends in intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma incidence from 1993 to 2012 [J]. Cancer, 2020, 126: 2666-2678.
[2]
Bertuccio P, Malvezzi M, Carioli G, et al. Global trends in mortality from intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma [J]. J Hepatol, 2019, 71: 104-114.
[3]
Banales JM, Marin JJG, Lamarca A, et al. Cholangiocarcinoma 2020: the next horizon in mechanisms and management [J]. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2020, 17: 557-588.
[4]
Valle JW, Furuse J, Jitlal M, et al. Cisplatin and gemcitabine for advanced biliary tract cancer: a meta-analysis of two randomised trials [J]. Ann Oncol, 2014, 25: 391-398.
[5]
Lo EC, N Rucker A, Federle MP. Hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: imaging for diagnosis, tumor response to treatment and liver response to radiation [J]. Semin Radiat Oncol, 2018, 28: 267-276.
[6]
Tao HM, Liu MY, Wang Y, et al. Icaritin induces anti-tumor immune responses in hepatocellular carcinoma by inhibiting splenic myeloid-derived suppressor cell generation [J]. Front Immunol, 2021, 12: 609295.
[7]
Deng DJ, Li L, Tan XY, et al. Effect of icariin on the proliferation of intrahepatic bile duct cancer cells by regulating glycolysis via Akt/mTOR [J]. Chin Tradit Herb Drugs (中草药), 2002, 53: 3061-3069.
[8]
Shapouri-Moghaddam A, Mohammadian S, Vazini H, et al. Macrophage plasticity, polarization, and function in health and disease [J]. J Cell Physiol, 2018, 233: 6425-6440.
[9]
Wang JB, Xiao XH. The indirect regulatory role of traditional Chinese medicine and the innovative development of indirect acting traditional Chinese medicine [J]. China J Chin Mater Med (中国中药杂志), 2021, 46: 5443-5449.
[10]
Pan Y, Yu Y, Wang X, et al. Tumor-associated macrophages in tumor immunity [J]. Front Immunol, 2020, 11: 583084.
[11]
Moris D, Palta M, Kim C, et al. Advances in the treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: an overview of the current and future therapeutic landscape for clinicians [J]. CA Cancer J Clin, 2023, 73: 198-222.
[12]
Sirica AE, Gores GJ, Groopman JD, et al. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: continuing challnges and translational advances [J]. Hepatology, 2019, 69: 1803-1815.
[13]
Qin SK, Li Q, Xu JM, et al. Icaritin-induced immunomodulatory efficacy in advanced hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma: immunodynamic biomarkers and overall survival [J]. Cancer Sci, 2020, 111: 4218-4231.
[14]
Yu Z, Guo J, Hu M, et al. Icaritin exacerbates mitophagy and synergizes with doxorubicin to induce immunogenic cell death in hepatocellular carcinoma [J]. ACS Nano, 2020, 14: 4816-4828.
[15]
Mo D, Zhu H, Wang J, et al. Icaritin inhibits PD-L1 expression by targeting protein IκB kinase α [J]. Eur J Immunol, 2021, 51: 978-988.
[16]
Shi K, Huang YY, Hou J, et al. Research progress on mechanism of Fuzheng and detoxification prescriptions regulating microenvironment of liver cancer [J]. Beijing J Tradit Chin Med (北京中医药), 2020, 39: 1321-1323.
[17]
Ye LH, Cheng HB, Zhang YH, et al. Discussion on the etiology of TCM diseases of primary liver cancer [J]. Lishizhen Med Mater Med Res (时珍国医国药), 2010, 21: 2627-2628.
[18]
Su C, Kent CL, Pierpoint M, et al. Enhancing radiotherapy response via intratumoral injection of the TLR9 agonist CpG to stimulate CD8 T cells in an autochthonous mouse model of sarcoma [J]. bioRxiv, 2024. DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.03.573968.
[19]
Bao D, Zhao J, Zhou X, et al. Mitochondrial fission-induced mtDNA stress promotes tumor-associated macrophage infiltration and HCC progression [J]. Oncogene, 2019, 38: 5007-5020.
[20]
Chen P, Wang D, Wang Y, et al. Maximizing TLR9 activation in cancer immunotherapy with dual-adjuvanted spherical nucleic acids [J]. Nano Lett, 2022, 22: 4058-4066.
[21]
Huang H, Sun Z, Xu J, et al. Yang-Xin-Shu-Mai granule alleviates atherosclerosis by regulating macrophage polarization via the TLR9/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway [J]. J Ethnopharmacol, 2024, 318: 116868.
[22]
Häcker H, Vabulas RM, Takeuchi O, et al. Immune cell activation by bacterial CpG-DNA through myeloid differentiation marker 88 and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TRAF)6 [J]. J Exp Med, 2000, 192: 595-600.
[23]
Liu Y, Gu Y, Han Y, et al. Tumor exosomal RNAs promote lung pre-metastatic niche formation by activating alveolar epithelial TLR3 to recruit neutrophils [J]. Cancer Cell, 2016, 30: 243-256.
[24]
Tavora B, Mederer T, Wessel KJ, et al. Tumoural activation of TLR3-SLIT2 axis in endothelium drives metastasis [J]. Nature, 2020, 586: 299-304.
[25]
Rodell CB, Arlauckas SP, Cuccarese MF, et al. TLR7/8-agonist-loaded nanoparticles promote the polarization of tumour-associated macrophages to enhance cancer immunotherapy [J]. Nat Biomed Eng, 2018, 2: 578-588.
[26]
Ribas A, Medina T, Kirkwood JM, et al. Overcoming PD-1 blockade resistance with CpG-A Toll-like receptor 9 agonist vidutolimod in patients with metastatic melanoma [J]. Cancer Discov, 2021, 11: 2998-3007.
2024年第59卷第8期
PDF下载
248
105
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0265
  • 接收时间:2024-03-25
  • 首发时间:2025-11-26
  • 出版时间:2024-08-12
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2024-03-25
  • 修回日期:2024-05-15
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(82204680)
中央本级重大增减支项目“名贵中药资源可持续利用能力建设项目”(060302-2303-19)
国家中医药管理局高水平中医药重点学科建设项目(YYZDXK-2023004)
国家中医药管理局中医药创新团队及人才支持计划项目(ZYYCXTD-C-202005)
作者信息
    1.南方医科大学中医药学院, 广东 广州 510000
    2.首都医科大学中医药学院, 北京 100071
    3.解放军总医院第五医学中心, 北京 100071
    4.道地药材品质保障与资源持续利用全国重点实验室, 北京 100070

通讯作者:

*王伽伯, E-mail: ;
宋鑫华, E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0265
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏