Article(id=1200383181049426642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1200383177295515678, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0085, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1706457600000, receivedDateStr=2024-01-29, revisedDate=1714147200000, revisedDateStr=2024-04-27, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764123252403, onlineDateStr=2025-11-26, pubDate=1723392000000, pubDateStr=2024-08-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764123252403, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764123252403, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764123252403, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1200383177295515678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2024', volume='59', issue='8', pageStart='2183', pageEnd='2416', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764123251508, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764225076631, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200810262870741499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1200383177295515678, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200810262870741500, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1200383177295515678, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2343, endPage=2349, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1200383181489828573, articleId=1200383181049426642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Chiral LC-MS-guided isolation of angular-type pyranocoumarins from Peucedani Radix, columnId=null, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study utilized a chiral liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-guided isolation strategy to accurately capture angular-type pyranocoumarins (APs) in Peucedani Radix (Chinese name: Qianhu). Sixteen APs were successfully purified from the ethyl acetate extract of Peucedani Radix through deploying various techniques such as silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20, and achiral (chiral) semi-preparative liquid chromatography. After extensive structural measurements, such as 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, their structures were identified as (3′S)-3′-(2-methyl-butyroyl)-4′-oxo-3′, 4′-dihydroseselin (1A), (3′R)-3′-(2-methyl-butyroyl)-4′-oxo-3′, 4′-dihydroseselin (1B), (3′S)-3′-isovaleryl-4′-oxo-lomatin (2A), (3′R)-3′-isovaleryl-4′-oxo-lomatin (2B), (3′S)-3′-angeloyloxy-4′-oxo-3′, 4′-dihydroseselin (3A), (3′R)-3′-angeloyloxy-4′-oxo-3′, 4′-dihydroseselin (3B), (3′S, 4′S)-praeruptorin B (4A), (3′R, 4′R)-praeruptorin B (4B), (3′S, 4′S)-praeruptorin E (5A), (3′R, 4′R)-praeruptorin E (5B), 3′-isovaleryl-4′-angeloyl-cis-khellactone (6), 3′-angeloyl-4′-(2-methyl-butyroyl)-cis-khellactone (7), (3′S, 4′S)-praeruptorin A (8A), (3′R, 4′R)-praeruptorin A (8B), (3′S, 4′S)-khellactone (9A), and (3′R, 4′R)-khellactone (9B), respectively. Thereof, compounds 1A and 1B were new compounds, while compound 2A represents a new configuration for a known planar structure. Compounds 2A and 2B were isolated for the first time from Peucedani Radix. Above all, chiral LC-MS-guided isolation strategy is advantageous at rapid capturing new compounds from herbal medicines, providing an effective means for the separation of novel structures, especially new enantiomers.

, correspAuthors=Wen-jing LIU, Yue-lin SONG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yang YANG, Xing-cheng GONG, Peng-fei TU, Wen-jing LIU, Yue-lin SONG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1200383183645700917, articleId=1200383181049426642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=手性色谱-质谱联用导向的前胡中角型吡喃香豆素类化合物分离, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究根据手性色谱-质谱联用导向策略, 在利用质谱数据精准识别中药前胡(Peucedani Radix) 中角型吡喃香豆素类化合物(angular-type pyranocoumarins, APs) 的基础上, 采用硅胶、ODS、Sephadex LH-20、非手性(手性) 半制备液相色谱等技术从乙酸乙酯部位中共分离得到16个APs, 通过1H、13C NMR等技术, 分别鉴定为(3′S)-3′-(2-methyl-butyroyl)-4′-oxo-3′, 4′-dihydroseselin (1A)、(3′R)-3′-(2-methyl-butyroyl)-4′-oxo-3′, 4′-dihydroseselin (1B)、(3′S)-3′-isovaleryl-4′-oxo-lomatin (2A)、(3′R)-3′-isovaleryl-4′-oxo-lomatin (2B)、(3′S)-3′-angeloyloxy-4′-oxo-3′, 4′-dihydroseselin (3A)、(3′R)-3′-angeloyloxy-4′-oxo-3′, 4′-dihydroseselin (3B)、(3′S, 4′S)-白花前胡乙素(4A)、(3′R, 4′R)-白花前胡乙素(4B)、(3′S, 4′S)-白花前胡素E (5A)、(3′R, 4′R)-白花前胡素E (5B)、3′-isovaleryl-4′-angeloyl-cis-khellactone (6)、3′-angeloyl-4′-(2-methyl-butyroyl)-cis-khellactone (7)、(3′S, 4′S)-白花前胡甲素(8A)、(3′R, 4′R)-白花前胡甲素(8B)、(3′S, 4′S)-凯林内酯(9A) 和(3′R, 4′R)-凯林内酯(9B)。其中, 化合物1A1B为新化合物, 化合物2A为已知平面结构的新构型, 化合物2A2B为首次从前胡中分离得到。因此, 基于手性LC-MS的成分分析和导向分离, 有利于快速发现中药中新化合物, 为新颖结构, 特别是新的对映异构体的分离提供了有效手段。

, correspAuthors=刘文静, 宋月林, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*刘文静, E-mail: ;
宋月林, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《药学学报》编辑部2024, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=NzDa/JRTmtEecsvybTuymQ==, magXml=+Jm1zF8AJN7D7VgzXhi6fg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=Kn15XJX/TKrc2IbsdYGaNg==, pdfFileSize=800426, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=Puq1TAcSCjnWcZiArIvxCQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=GRsRXNJoSd/2pr7ov22ZGQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

#共同第一作者.

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A: Mobile phase ACN-H<sub>2</sub>O = 95∶5, CAPCELL CORE RP C18 column (150 mm × 2.1 mm, 2.7 μm), flow rate 0.2 mL·min<sup>-1</sup>; B: Mobile phase ACN-H<sub>2</sub>O = 50∶50, CHIRALPAK<sup>®</sup> AD-RH (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 3 μm), flow rate 0.5 mL·min<sup>-1</sup>; C: Mobile phase EtOH-Hexane = 50∶50, CHIRALPAK<sup>®</sup> IC (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm), flow rate 0.5 mL·min<sup>-1</sup> , figureFileSmall=fW6nB7IBcfLQIujp4J0YAQ==, figureFileBig=/huSRtfFE7N9GPDlk7VKcA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200431557954621907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383181049426642, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. 1A/1B 2A/2B
δH δC δH δC
2 159.7 159.7
3 6.31 (1H, d, J = 9.5 Hz) 114.3 6.31 (1H, d, J = 9.5 Hz) 114.3
4 7.61 (1H, d, J = 9.5 Hz) 143.0 7.61 (1H, d, J = 9.5 Hz) 143.0
5 7.55 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz) 134.6 7.55 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz) 134.6
6 6.87 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz) 115.0 6.87 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz) 115.0
7 162.1 162.1
8 108.4 108.4
9 153.8 153.8
10 113.0 113.0
2′ 82.5 82.5
3′ 5.56 (1H, s) 76.2 5.56 (1H, s) 76.2
4′ 184.4 184.4
5′ 1.56 (3H, s) 26.4 1.56 (3H, s) 26.4
6′ 1.39 (3H, s) 19.6 1.39 (3H, s) 19.6
1″ 175.3 175.3
2″ 2.56 (1H, m) 41.2 2.38 (2H, m) 43.2
3″ 1.78 (1H, m)
1.56 (1H, m)
26.8 2.19 (1H, m) 25.9
4″ 0.98 (3H, t, J = 7.4 Hz) 11.8 1.04 (3H, d) 22.6
5″ 1.27 (3H, d, J = 6.9 Hz) 16.9 1.03 (3H, d) 22.6
), ArticleFig(id=1200431558101422565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383181049426642, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

1H NMR (CDCl3, 600 MHz) and 13C NMR (CDCl3, 150 MHz) data of compounds 1A/1B and 2A/2B

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No. 1A/1B 2A/2B
δH δC δH δC
2 159.7 159.7
3 6.31 (1H, d, J = 9.5 Hz) 114.3 6.31 (1H, d, J = 9.5 Hz) 114.3
4 7.61 (1H, d, J = 9.5 Hz) 143.0 7.61 (1H, d, J = 9.5 Hz) 143.0
5 7.55 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz) 134.6 7.55 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz) 134.6
6 6.87 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz) 115.0 6.87 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz) 115.0
7 162.1 162.1
8 108.4 108.4
9 153.8 153.8
10 113.0 113.0
2′ 82.5 82.5
3′ 5.56 (1H, s) 76.2 5.56 (1H, s) 76.2
4′ 184.4 184.4
5′ 1.56 (3H, s) 26.4 1.56 (3H, s) 26.4
6′ 1.39 (3H, s) 19.6 1.39 (3H, s) 19.6
1″ 175.3 175.3
2″ 2.56 (1H, m) 41.2 2.38 (2H, m) 43.2
3″ 1.78 (1H, m)
1.56 (1H, m)
26.8 2.19 (1H, m) 25.9
4″ 0.98 (3H, t, J = 7.4 Hz) 11.8 1.04 (3H, d) 22.6
5″ 1.27 (3H, d, J = 6.9 Hz) 16.9 1.03 (3H, d) 22.6
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手性色谱-质谱联用导向的前胡中角型吡喃香豆素类化合物分离
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杨阳 1, 2, # , 龚兴成 1, 2, # , 屠鹏飞 1 , 刘文静 3, * , 宋月林 1, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2024,59(8): 2343-2349
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2024, 59(8): 2343-2349
手性色谱-质谱联用导向的前胡中角型吡喃香豆素类化合物分离
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杨阳1, 2, #, 龚兴成1, 2, #, 屠鹏飞1, 刘文静3, * , 宋月林1, *
作者信息
  • 1.北京中医药大学, 北京中医药研究院中药现代研究中心, 北京 102400
  • 2.北京中医药大学中药学院, 北京 102400
  • 3.河南中医药大学药学院, 河南 郑州 450046

通讯作者:

*刘文静, E-mail: ;
宋月林, E-mail:
Chiral LC-MS-guided isolation of angular-type pyranocoumarins from Peucedani Radix
Yang YANG1, 2, Xing-cheng GONG1, 2, Peng-fei TU1, Wen-jing LIU3, * , Yue-lin SONG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102400, China
  • 2. School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102400, China
  • 3. School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
出版时间: 2024-08-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0085
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本研究根据手性色谱-质谱联用导向策略, 在利用质谱数据精准识别中药前胡(Peucedani Radix) 中角型吡喃香豆素类化合物(angular-type pyranocoumarins, APs) 的基础上, 采用硅胶、ODS、Sephadex LH-20、非手性(手性) 半制备液相色谱等技术从乙酸乙酯部位中共分离得到16个APs, 通过1H、13C NMR等技术, 分别鉴定为(3′S)-3′-(2-methyl-butyroyl)-4′-oxo-3′, 4′-dihydroseselin (1A)、(3′R)-3′-(2-methyl-butyroyl)-4′-oxo-3′, 4′-dihydroseselin (1B)、(3′S)-3′-isovaleryl-4′-oxo-lomatin (2A)、(3′R)-3′-isovaleryl-4′-oxo-lomatin (2B)、(3′S)-3′-angeloyloxy-4′-oxo-3′, 4′-dihydroseselin (3A)、(3′R)-3′-angeloyloxy-4′-oxo-3′, 4′-dihydroseselin (3B)、(3′S, 4′S)-白花前胡乙素(4A)、(3′R, 4′R)-白花前胡乙素(4B)、(3′S, 4′S)-白花前胡素E (5A)、(3′R, 4′R)-白花前胡素E (5B)、3′-isovaleryl-4′-angeloyl-cis-khellactone (6)、3′-angeloyl-4′-(2-methyl-butyroyl)-cis-khellactone (7)、(3′S, 4′S)-白花前胡甲素(8A)、(3′R, 4′R)-白花前胡甲素(8B)、(3′S, 4′S)-凯林内酯(9A) 和(3′R, 4′R)-凯林内酯(9B)。其中, 化合物1A1B为新化合物, 化合物2A为已知平面结构的新构型, 化合物2A2B为首次从前胡中分离得到。因此, 基于手性LC-MS的成分分析和导向分离, 有利于快速发现中药中新化合物, 为新颖结构, 特别是新的对映异构体的分离提供了有效手段。

前胡  /  化学成分  /  角型吡喃香豆素  /  手性色谱-质谱联用导向分离  /  对映异构体

This study utilized a chiral liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-guided isolation strategy to accurately capture angular-type pyranocoumarins (APs) in Peucedani Radix (Chinese name: Qianhu). Sixteen APs were successfully purified from the ethyl acetate extract of Peucedani Radix through deploying various techniques such as silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20, and achiral (chiral) semi-preparative liquid chromatography. After extensive structural measurements, such as 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, their structures were identified as (3′S)-3′-(2-methyl-butyroyl)-4′-oxo-3′, 4′-dihydroseselin (1A), (3′R)-3′-(2-methyl-butyroyl)-4′-oxo-3′, 4′-dihydroseselin (1B), (3′S)-3′-isovaleryl-4′-oxo-lomatin (2A), (3′R)-3′-isovaleryl-4′-oxo-lomatin (2B), (3′S)-3′-angeloyloxy-4′-oxo-3′, 4′-dihydroseselin (3A), (3′R)-3′-angeloyloxy-4′-oxo-3′, 4′-dihydroseselin (3B), (3′S, 4′S)-praeruptorin B (4A), (3′R, 4′R)-praeruptorin B (4B), (3′S, 4′S)-praeruptorin E (5A), (3′R, 4′R)-praeruptorin E (5B), 3′-isovaleryl-4′-angeloyl-cis-khellactone (6), 3′-angeloyl-4′-(2-methyl-butyroyl)-cis-khellactone (7), (3′S, 4′S)-praeruptorin A (8A), (3′R, 4′R)-praeruptorin A (8B), (3′S, 4′S)-khellactone (9A), and (3′R, 4′R)-khellactone (9B), respectively. Thereof, compounds 1A and 1B were new compounds, while compound 2A represents a new configuration for a known planar structure. Compounds 2A and 2B were isolated for the first time from Peucedani Radix. Above all, chiral LC-MS-guided isolation strategy is advantageous at rapid capturing new compounds from herbal medicines, providing an effective means for the separation of novel structures, especially new enantiomers.

Peucedani Radix  /  chemical component  /  angular-type pyranocoumarins  /  chiral LC-MS-guided isolation  /  enantiomer
杨阳, 龚兴成, 屠鹏飞, 刘文静, 宋月林. 手性色谱-质谱联用导向的前胡中角型吡喃香豆素类化合物分离. 药学学报, 2024 , 59 (8) : 2343 -2349 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0085
Yang YANG, Xing-cheng GONG, Peng-fei TU, Wen-jing LIU, Yue-lin SONG. Chiral LC-MS-guided isolation of angular-type pyranocoumarins from Peucedani Radix[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2024 , 59 (8) : 2343 -2349 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0085
液相色谱-质谱(liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, LC-MS) 联用技术, 结合了液相色谱强大的分离能力和质谱的结构鉴定功能, 在药物分析[1, 2]、食品分析[3]和环境分析[4]等领域得到了广泛的应用。随着仪器设备的发展及新方法、新技术的不断涌现, 以LC-MS为基础的导向分离策略大大提高了中药及天然药物中新化合物发现的效率。Ma等[5]通过分析microphyline A和microphyline D的质谱裂解规律, 采用中性丢失扫描模式, 检测能够中性丢失136.0 Da (C10H16) 的化合物信息。根据LC-MS检测结果, 导向性地从小叶九里香中分离得到了15个结构新颖的单萜咔唑类生物碱[5]。Pang等[6]使用LC-MS分析龙血竭乙酸乙酯部位, 快速筛选m/z在400~800之间的流分, 从龙血竭中分离得到2个具有抗炎活性的二氢查耳烷环合型三聚体。
前胡(Peucedani Radix) 为伞形科植物白花前胡的干燥根, 主要药效化学成分为角型吡喃香豆素类化合物(angular-type pyranocoumarins, APs)。现代药理研究表明APs类化合物具有祛痰、止咳、保护心血管、抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗氧化等多种药理活性[7-9]。APs类化合物在吡喃环上C-3′和C-4′处常存在手性中心, 进而衍生出一系列对映异构体, 给LC-MS导向分离策略的应用带来了较大的挑战。这些对映体之间不仅存在含量差异, 而且存在活性差异。如(+)-白花前胡甲素(d-PA, (3′S, 4′S)-praeruptorin A) 和(-)-白花前胡甲素(l-PA, (3′R, 4′R)-praeruptorin A), 前胡中d-PA的含量高于l-PA, 并且舒张血管的活性也强于l-PA[10, 11]。课题组前期研究表明CHIRALPAK® AD-RH等手性色谱柱可以实现APs对映异构体的有效分离[12]。因此, 本研究借助手性LC-MS分析开展了前胡中APs类化合物及其对映体的导向分离和结构鉴定, 共分离得到16个APs类化合物, 包括7组对映体。其中, 化合物1A1B为新化合物, 化合物2A为已知平面结构的新构型, 化合物2A2B为首次从前胡中分离得到。化合物12结构见图 1
通过前期对前胡化学成分的全面分析[13-15]发现APs在电喷雾离子源处易形成[M+H]+、[M+NH4]+、[M+Na]+和[M+K]+等加合离子峰, 在MS1图谱中检观察到相差17、5及16 Da的母离子信号。母离子经碰撞诱导解离(CID), 常在母核吡喃环上C-3'和C-4'处发生中性丢失, 产生m/z 245、227或243等特征碎片离子。根据以上信息, 对前胡提取物石油醚、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯及正丁醇部位进行非手性LC-MS分析, 发现乙酸乙酯部位中存在丰富的APs类化合物。故对乙酸乙酯部继续导向分离, 采用非手性-手性LC-MS追踪, 发现Fr. 2C、Fr. 3D、Fr. 5B和Fr. 9F中存在APs类化合物, 并且多为一对对映异构体同时出现, 采用Sephadex LH-20、ODS、半制备液相色谱及手性色谱等方法对目标化合物进行分离纯化。
化合物12: 白色粉末; ESI-MS m/z 367.115 0 [M+Na]+, 分子式为C19H20O6, (Calcd.: 367.115 2, -0.54 ppm)。化合物1 & 2在色谱和质谱信号中仅显示为一个信号, 但是在1H NMR (CDCl3, 600 MHz) 和13C NMR (CDCl3, 150 MHz) 图谱中, 却显示出两组非常相似的信号。进一步分析化合物1的HSQC和HMBC图谱, 对核磁共振数据进行归属: 1H NMR (CDCl3, 600 MHz): δH 7.61 (1H, d, J = 9.5 Hz), 7.55 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 6.87 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 6.31 (1H, d, J = 9.5 Hz), 5.56 (1H, s), 2.56 (1H, m), 1.78 (1H, m), 1.56 (1H, m), 1.56 (3H, s), 1.39 (3H, s), 1.27 (3H, d, J = 6.9 Hz), 0.98 (3H, t, J = 7.4 Hz); 13C NMR (CDCl3, 150 MHz): δC 184.4, 175.3, 162.1, 159.7, 153.8, 143.0, 134.6, 115.0, 114.3, 113.0, 108.4, 82.5, 76.2, 41.2, 26.4, 26.8, 11.8, 19.6, 16.9。根据以上信号推测其为典型的APs类, 母核为4′-oxo-3′, 4′- dihydroseselin。在HMBC谱中(图 2), 观察到δH 1.78、1.56与δC 175.3 (C-1″) 相关; δH 0.98与δC 41.2 (C-2″) 相关; δH 1.27同时与δC 175.3 (C-1″) 和δC 26.8 (C-3″) 相关, 从而推测3′位的取代基为2-甲基-丁酰氧基, 因此, 鉴定化合物1的平面结构为3′-(2-methyl-butyroyl)-4′-oxo-3′, 4′-dihydroseselin。进一步根据手性色谱柱上的保留时间和峰面积, 将1A1B分别鉴定为(3′S)-3′- (2-methyl-butyroyl)-4′-oxo-3′, 4′-dihydroseselin和(3′R)- 3′-(2-methyl-butyroyl)-4′-oxo-3′, 4′-dihydroseselin。
而图谱中的另一组信号归属为: 1H NMR (CDCl3, 600 MHz): δH 7.61 (1H, d, J = 9.5 Hz), 7.55 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 6.87 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 6.31 (1H, d, J = 9.5 Hz), 5.56 (1H, s), 2.38 (2H, m), 2.19 (1H, m), 1.56 (3H, s), 1.39 (3H, s), 1.04 (3H, d), 1.03 (3H, d); 13C NMR (CDCl3, 150 MHz): δC 184.4, 175.3, 162.1, 159.7, 153.8, 143.0, 134.6, 115.0, 114.3, 113.0, 108.4, 82.5, 76.2, 43.2, 26.4, 25.9, 22.6, 19.6, 22.6。根据以上信号推测其为典型的APs类, 母核为4′-oxo-lomatin。在HMBC谱中(图 2), 观察到δH 2.38与δC 22.6 (C-4″) 和δC 22.6 (C-5″) 相关, 表明3′位的取代基为异戊酰氧基, 以上数据与文献[16]报道3′-isovaleryl-4′-oxo-lomatin基本一致。根据手性色谱柱上的保留时间和峰面积, 将2A2B分别鉴定为(3′S)-3′-isovaleryl-4′-oxo-lomatin、(3′R)-3′-isovaleryl-4′- oxo-lomatin。
由于化合物12的结构差异仅表现为5″位的甲基取代位置不同, 且母核的氢信号和碳信号也完全一致, 化学结构高度相似, 两个化合物在反相色谱柱, 反相手性色谱柱和正相手性色谱柱上, 均不能得到有效的分离(图 3), 因此在本实验中二者未得到分离。
随着分析方法和仪器的快速发展, 通过导向性的分离策略(活性导向、LC-MS导向和NMR导向策略), 不仅提高了新化合物和活性成分的发现效率, 而且增加了化合物识别和结构鉴定的准确性, 为中药及天然药物的化学成分研究提供了强有力的技术支持。本文利用LC-MS对前胡中的APs类化合物导向分离, 共分离得到16个APs类化合物, 包括7组对映体。其中, 化合物1A1B为新化合物, 化合物2A为已知平面结构的新构型, 化合物2A2B为首次从前胡中分离得到。本研究不仅丰富了前胡中APs类化学成分, 也为前胡药效物质的深入阐明和开发利用奠定了基础。
岛津IT-TOF-MS系统、岛津LC-20ADXR型分析型液相色谱仪和岛津LC-20AT型半制备型液相色谱仪(日本岛津公司); Thermo-Fisher U3000双三元分析型液相色谱仪(美国Thermo-Fisher公司); Phenomenex Luna C18 (2) 半制备高效液相色谱柱(250 mm × 10 mm, 5 μm, 美国Phenomenex公司); CAPCELL CORE RPC18色谱柱(150 mm × 2.1 mm, 2.7 μm, 日本资生堂公司); 反相手性色谱柱CHIRALPAK® AD-RH (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 3 μm) 和正相手性色谱柱CHIRALPAK® IC (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm), 日本大赛璐公司; XS105型电子分析天平(瑞士Mettler Toledo公司); 超声波清洗器(南京垒君达公司); 离心机(德国Eppendorf公司); 硅胶(200~300目) 和GF254硅胶预制板(青岛海洋化工厂); ODS C18 (40~63 μm, 德国Merck公司); Sephadex LH-20 (瑞典GE Healthcare Bio-Sciences公司)。
提取分离所用无水乙醇、石油醚、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇等试剂均为分析纯(西陇科学股份有限公司); 质谱级乙腈、色谱级乙醇和色谱级正己烷购于美国Thermo-Fisher公司; 水为实验室自制超纯水(18.2 MΩ·cm)。
前胡于2022年11月购自安徽亳州药材市场, 由北京大学药学院屠鹏飞教授鉴定为伞形科植物白花前胡Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn的干燥根, 样品标本存放于北京中医药大学中药现代研究中心(标本号: 2022-SYL-QH1)。
非手性LC-MS分析在岛津UHPLC-IT-TOF-MS系统上测定。CAPCELL CORE RPC18色谱柱(150 mm × 2.1 mm, 2.7 μm, 日本资生堂公司); 流动相: 0.1%甲酸水(A)-乙腈(B); 洗脱程序: 0~4.0 min, 50%~57% B; 4.0~10.0 min, 57%~67% B; 10.0~20.0 min, 67%~68% B; 20.0~25.0 min, 68%~95% B; 25.0~35.0 min, 95% B; 柱温, 35 ℃; 流速, 0.2 mL·min-1。电喷雾离子源(ESI) 正、负离子模式, 自动多级全扫描模式, MS1质量扫描范围为m/z 100~1 000, MS2质量扫描范围为m/z 50~1 000, MS3质量扫描范围为m/z 50~1 000。喷雾室电压分别为4.5 kV和-3.5 kV; 雾化气(N2) 流量, 1.5 L·min-1; 干燥气体压力, 100 MPa; 检测电压, 1.56 kV; 曲型脱溶剂管(CDL) 和加热模块温度: 200 ℃; 碰撞诱导解离(CID) 能量, 70%。
非手性-手性LC-MS分析在U3000液相色谱串联IT-TOF-MS系统上测定, 采用文献[12]所述仪器连接方式及分析条件。
前胡干燥饮片共5 kg, 粉碎, 用9倍量95%乙醇加热回流提取3次, 每次1 h。提取液减压回收溶剂, 依次使用石油醚、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇进行萃取, 浓缩萃取液得到石油醚部位(193.83 g)、二氯甲烷部位(11.00 g)、乙酸乙酯部位(7.78 g) 及正丁醇部位(30.31 g)。
乙酸乙酯部位(7.78 g) 利用硅胶柱色谱进行分离, 用石油醚-乙酸乙酯(20∶1→1∶1)、二氯甲烷-甲醇(20∶1→0∶1) 分别进行梯度洗脱, 并通过TLC检识合并相同流分, 最终得到11个流分(Frs. 1~11)。
Fr. 5 (78.00 mg) 利用Sephadex LH-20柱色谱, 以二氯甲烷-甲醇(3∶1) 洗脱得到6个流分(Frs. 5A~5F), 其中Fr. 5B (52.80 mg) 经反相半制备液相色谱(乙腈-水= 50∶50, 3 mL·min-1, 280 nm) 纯化得到化合物1 & 2 (共22.90 mg) 和3 (23.17 mg)。化合物12均通过反相手性柱色谱(乙腈-水= 50∶50, 0.5 mL·min-1, 280 nm) 分离得到1A2A (共19.42 mg, tR = 10.69 min) 和1B2B (共1.20 mg, tR = 12.04 min), 化合物3通过反相手性柱色谱(乙腈-水= 50∶50, 0.5 mL·min-1, 280 nm) 分离得到3A (20.00 mg, tR = 10.30 min) 和3B (1.22 mg, tR = 12.24 min)。
Fr. 2 (544.13 mg) 利用Sephadex LH-20柱色谱, 二氯甲烷-甲醇(3∶1) 洗脱得到6个流分(Frs. 2A~2F), Fr. 2C (346.40 mg) 通过ODS柱(甲醇-水= 3∶1) 洗脱得到3个流分(Frs. 2C.1~2C.3), 其中Fr. 2C.1 (133.35 mg) 经反相半制备液相色谱(乙腈-水= 60∶40, 3 mL·min-1, 280 nm) 得到4个流分(Frs. 2C.1A~1D), 流分Fr. 2C.1B为化合物4 (23.18 mg), 进一步通过正相手性柱色谱(无水乙醇-己烷= 25∶75, 0.5 mL·min-1, 280 nm) 分离得到化合物4A (16.00 mg, tR = 14.02 min) 和4B (5.00 mg, tR = 11.25 min)流分Fr. 2C.1C (94.00 mg) 通过正相手性柱色谱(无水乙醇-己烷= 25∶75, 0.5 mL·min-1, 280 nm) 分离纯化得到5A (1.27 mg, tR = 14.45 min)、5B (27.02 mg, tR = 9.67 min)、6 (7.07 mg, tR = 19.92 min) 和7 (13.57 mg, tR = 23.18 min)。
Fr. 3 (1.37 g) 利用Sephadex LH-20柱色谱, 以二氯甲烷-甲醇(3∶1) 洗脱得到7个流分(Frs. 3A~3G)。Fr. 3D (67.12 mg) 经Sephadex LH-20柱色谱再次分离得到3个流分(Frs. 3D.1~3D.3), Fr. 3D.2 (45.36 mg) 经半制备液相色谱(C18, 乙腈-水= 70∶30, 3 mL·min-1, 280 nm) 纯化得到化合物8 (35.50 mg)。进一步通过反相手性柱色谱(乙腈-水= 50∶50, 0.7 mL·min-1, 280 nm) 分离得到8A (30.00 mg, tR = 6.47 min) 和8B (2.18 mg, tR = 8.35 min)。
Fr. 9 (136.10 mg) 利用Sephadex LH-20柱色谱, 二氯甲烷-甲醇(3∶1) 洗脱得到8个流分(Fr. 9A~9H), 其中Fr. 9F (18.00 mg) 经反相半制备液相色谱(乙腈-水= 50∶50, 3 mL·min-1, 280 nm) 得到化合物9 (6.26 mg), 通过正相手性柱色谱(无水乙醇-己烷= 25∶75, 0.5 mL·min-1, 280 nm) 分离纯化得到9A (1.08 mg, tR = 12.43 min) 和9B (4.11 mg, tR = 15.28 min)
根据文献[12-15, 17]报道, 前胡中APs类对映异构体中右旋体(d-APs) 的含量大于左旋体(l-APs), 并且在反相手性柱上, 3'S构型比3'R构型先流出, 即tR (3'S-APs) < tR (3'R-APs)。故将化合物1A2A3A4A5A8A9A鉴定为3'S-APs (d-APs), 化合物1B2B3B4B5B8B9B鉴定为3'R-APs (l-APs)。此外, 通过H-3'和H-4'的耦合常数和化学位移可以判断C-3'和C-4'cis-或者trans-构型[17]
化合物12  白色粉末; ESI-MS m/z 367.115 0 [M+Na]+, 分子式为C19H20O6, (Calcd.: 367.115 2, -0.54 ppm)。1H NMR (CDCl3, 600 MHz) 和13C NMR (CDCl3, 150 MHz) 数据见表 1
化合物3  白色粉末; ESI-MS m/z 365.098 8 [M+Na]+, 分子式为C19H18O6, (Calcd.: 365.099 6, -2.19 ppm)。1H NMR (CD3OD, 400 MHz): δH 7.91 (1H, d, J = 9.5 Hz, H-4), 7.80 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz, H-5), 6.99 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz, H-6), 6.35 (1H, d, J = 9.5 Hz, H-3), 6.28 (1H, q, J = 7.4 Hz, H-3″), 5.71 (1H, s, H-3′), 2.03 (3H, d, J = 7.2 Hz, H-4″), 1.98 (3H, s, J = 1.4 Hz, H-5″), 1.61 (3H, s, H-6′), 1.43 (3H, s, H-5′); 13C NMR (CD3OD, 100 MHz): δC 160.0 (C-2), 114.3 (C-3), 143.5 (C-4), 134.7 (C-5), 114.3 (C-6), 161.6 (C-7), 107.2 (C-8), 152.7 (C-9), 112.6 (C-10), 81.6 (C-2′), 76.0 (C-3′), 184.5 (C-4′), 18.9 (2′-CH3), 24.7 (2′-CH3), 166.4 (C-1″), 126.1 (C-2″), 139.2 (C-3″), 14.4 (4″-CH3), 18.1 (5″-CH3)。以上数据与文献[18]报道基本一致, 根据手性色谱柱上的保留时间和峰面积, 将3A3B分别鉴定为(3′S)-3-angeloyloxy-4′-oxo-3′, 4′-dihydroseselin和(3′R)-3′-angeloyloxy-4′-oxo-3′, 4′-dihydroseselin。
化合物4  白色粉末; ESI-MS m/z 449.156 7 [M+Na]+, 分子式为C24H26O7, (Calcd.: 449.157 1, -0.89 ppm)。1H NMR (CDCl3, 600 MHz): δH 7.59 (1H, d, J = 9.5 Hz, H-4), 7.35 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz, H-5), 6.81 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz, H-6), 6.70 (1H, d, J = 4.9 Hz, H-4′), 6.22 (1H, d, J = 9.5 Hz, H-3), 6.12 (1H, m, H-3″), 6.03 (1H, m, H-3‴), 5.45 (1H, d, J = 4.9 Hz, H-3′), 1.97 (6H, m, H-5″, 5‴), 1.85 (3H, q, H-4″), 1.83 (3H, q, H-4‴), 1.49 (3H, s, H-6′), 1.45 (3H, s, H-5′); 13C NMR (CDCl3, 150 MHz): δC 159.9 (C-2), 113.4 (C-3), 143.3 (C-4), 129.3 (C-5), 114.5 (C-6), 156.8 (C-7), 107.7 (C-8), 154.2 (C-9), 112.6 (C-10), 77.6 (C-2′), 70.3 (C-3′), 60.3 (C-4′), 22.7 (2′-CH3), 25.5 (2′-CH3), 166.6 (C-1″), 127.5 (C-2″), 140.0 (C-3″), 20.6 (4″-CH3), 15.9 (5″-CH3), 166.4 (C-1‴), 127.1 (C-2‴), 138.6 (C-3‴), 20.5 (4‴-CH3), 15.7 (5‴-CH3)。以上数据与文献[19]报道基本一致, 根据手性色谱柱上的保留时间和峰面积, 将4A4B分别鉴定为(3′S, 4′S)-白花前胡乙素和(3′R, 4′R)-白花前胡乙素。
化合物5  白色粉末; ESI-MS m/z 451.174 8 [M+Na]+, 分子式为C24H28O7, (Calcd.: 451.172 7, 4.65 ppm)。1H NMR (CDCl3, 600 MHz): δH 7.59 (1H, d, J = 9.5 Hz, H-4), 7.35 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz, H-5), 6.79 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz, H-6), 6.61 (1H, d, J = 4.8 Hz, H-4′), 6.22 (1H, d, J = 9.5 Hz, H-3), 6.12 (1H, m, J = 7.3, 1.5 Hz, H-3″), 5.39 (1H, d, J = 4.8 Hz, H-3′), 2.28 (1H, m, H-2‴), 2.18 (1H, m, H-2‴), 2.12 (1H, m, H-3‴), 1.96 (3H, m, H-4″), 1.86 (3H, t, H-5″), 1.47 (3H, s, H-6′), 1.44 (3H, s, H-5′), 0.96 (3H, d, H-4‴) 0.94 (3H, d, H-5‴); 13C NMR (CDCl3, 150 MHz): δC 159.9 (C-2), 113.3 (C-3), 143.3 (C-4), 129.3 (C-5), 114.5 (C-6), 156.8 (C-7), 107.5 (C-8), 154.1 (C-9), 112.6 (C-10), 77.7 (C-2′), 70.2 (C-3′), 60.7 (C-4′), 22.8 (2′-CH3), 25.3 (2′-CH3), 166.5 (C-1″), 127.1 (C-2″), 139.8 (C-3″), 15.9 (4″-CH3), 20.6 (5″-CH3), 171.9 (C-1‴), 43.3 (C-2‴), 25.5 (C-3‴), 22.6 (4‴-CH3), 22.6 (5‴-CH3)。以上数据与文献[19]报道基本一致, 根据手性色谱柱上的保留时间和峰面积, 将5A5B分别鉴定为(3′S, 4′S)-白花前胡素E和(3′R, 4′R)-白花前胡素E。
化合物6  白色粉末; ESI-MS m/z 451.175 3 [M+Na]+, 分子式为C24H28O7, (Calcd.: 451.172 7, 5.76 ppm)。1H NMR (CDCl3, 600 MHz): δH 7.59 (1H, d, J = 9.5 Hz, H-4), 7.35 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz, H-5), 6.80 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz, H-6), 6.63 (1H, d, J = 4.9 Hz, H-4′), 6.22 (1H, d, J = 9.5 Hz, H-3), 6.03 (1H, m, H-3‴), 5.37 (1H, d, J = 4.9 Hz, H-3′), 2.22 (2H, dd, J = 7.1, 1.9 Hz, H-2″), 2.10 (1H, m, H-3″), 1.99 (3H, dd, J = 7.2, 1.6 Hz, H-4‴), 1.86 (3H, t, H-5‴), 1.45 (3H, s, H-6′), 1.42 (3H, s, H-5′), 0.95 (6H, t, J = 6.5 Hz, H-4″, H-5″); 13C NMR (CDCl3, 150 MHz): δC 159.9 (C-2), 113.4 (C-3), 143.3 (C-4), 129.4 (C-5), 114.5 (C-6), 156.8 (C-7), 107.5 (C-8), 154.2 (C-9), 112.6 (C-10), 77.5 (C-2′), 70.3 (C-3′), 60.3 (C-4′), 22.4 (2′-CH3), 25.5 (2′-CH3), 171.9 (C-1″), 43.2 (C-2″), 25.5 (C-3″), 22.5 (4″-CH3), 22.6 (5″-CH3), 166.9 (C-1‴), 127.6 (C-2‴), 138.0 (C-3‴), 15.7 (4‴-CH3), 20.5 (5‴-CH3)。以上数据与文献[20]报道基本一致, 故鉴定化合物6为3′-isovaleryl-4′-angeloyl-cis-khellactone。由于对映异构体未能成对出现, 用经验性规则难以鉴定该化合物空间结构。
化合物7  白色粉末; ESI-MS m/z 451.175 0 [M+Na]+, 分子式为C24H28O7, (Calcd.: 451.172 7, 5.10 ppm)。1H NMR (CDCl3, 600 MHz): δH 7.53 (1H, d, J = 9.5 Hz, H-4), 7.29 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz, H-5), 6.73 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz, H-6), 6.54 (1H, d, J = 4.8 Hz, H-4′), 6.15 (1H, d, J = 9.5 Hz, H-3), 6.05 (1H, m, H-3″), 5.33 (1H, d, J = 4.9 Hz, H-3′), 2.30 (1H, m, J = 6.9 Hz, H-2‴), 1.90 (3H, dd, H-4″), 1.80 (3H, s, H-5″), 1.65 (1H, m, H-3‴), 1.36 (1H, m, H-3‴), 1.41 (3H, s, H-6′), 1.37 (3H, s, H-5′), 1.12 (3H, d, J = 7.0 Hz, H-5‴), 0.83 (3H, t, J = 7.5 Hz, H-4‴); 13C NMR (CDCl3, 150 MHz): δC 159.8 (C-2), 113.3 (C-3), 143.3 (C-4), 129.3 (C-5), 114.5 (C-6), 156.8 (C-7), 107.6 (C-8), 154.1 (C-9), 112.6 (C-10), 77.6 (C-2′), 70.3 (C-3′), 60.6 (C-4′), 22.6 (2′-CH3), 25.4 (2′-CH3), 166.5 (C-1″), 127.1 (C-2″), 139.7 (C-3″), 15.9 (4″-CH3), 20.6 (5″-CH3), 175.3 (C-1‴), 41.3 (C-2‴), 26.5 (C-3‴), 11.7 (4‴-CH3), 16.4 (5‴-CH3)。以上数据与文献[21]报道基本一致, 故鉴定化合物7为3′-angeloyl-4′-(2-methyl-butyroyl)-cis-khellactone。由于对映异构体未能成对出现, 用经验性规则难以鉴定该化合物空间结构。
化合物8  白色粉末; ESI-MS m/z 409.125 5 [M+Na]+, 分子式为C21H22O7, (Calcd.: 409.125 8, -0.73 ppm)。1H NMR (CD3OD, 600 MHz): δH 7.87 (1H, d, J = 9.5 Hz, H-4), 7.55 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz, H-5), 6.87 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz, H-6), 6.56 (1H, d, J = 4.8 Hz, H-4′), 6.25 (1H, d, J = 9.5 Hz, H-3), 6.21 (1H, m, J = 7.3 Hz, H-3″), 5.40 (1H, d, J = 4.8 Hz, H-3′), 2.07 (3H, s, H-2‴), 1.95 (3H, m, H-4″), 1.86 (3H, m, H-5″), 1.48 (3H, s, H-6′), 1.44 (3H, s, H-5′); 13C NMR (CD3OD, 150 MHz): δC 162.0 (C-2), 114.1 (C-3), 145.7 (C-4), 131.0 (C-5), 115.7 (C-6), 158.0 (C-7), 108.0 (C-8), 155.1 (C-9), 113.5 (C-10), 78.7 (C-2′), 71.4 (C-3′), 62.3 (C-4′), 22.9 (2′-CH3), 25.3 (2′-CH3), 167.7 (C-1″), 128.2 (C-2″), 140.9 (C-3″), 16.0 (4″-CH3), 20.6 (5″-CH3), 171.6 (C-1‴), 20.7 (2‴-CH3)。以上数据与文献[19]报道基本一致, 根据手性色谱柱上的保留时间和峰面积, 将8A8B分别鉴定为(3′S, 4′S)-白花前胡甲素和(3′R, 4′R)-白花前胡甲素。
化合物9  黄绿色油状物; ESI-MS m/z 285.073 9 [M+Na]+, 分子式为C14H14O5, (Calcd.: 285.073 3, 2.10 ppm)。1H NMR (CD3OD, 600 MHz): δH 7.88 (1H, d, J = 9.5 Hz, H-4), 7.46 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz, H-5), 6.78 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz, H-6), 6.26 (1H, d, J = 9.5 Hz, H-3), 5.11 (1H, d, J = 4.9 Hz, H-4′), 3.77 (1H, d, J = 4.9 Hz, H-3′), 1.44 (3H, s, H-6′), 1.43 (3H, s, H-5′); 13C NMR (CD3OD, 150 MHz): δC 163.4 (C-2), 112.7 (C-3), 146.3 (C-4), 130.1 (C-5), 115.8 (C-6), 157.9 (C-7), 112.8 (C-8), 155.8 (C-9), 113.7 (C-10), 80.2 (C-2′), 73.1 (C-3′), 62.1 (C-4′), 26.9 (2′-CH3), 21.5 (2′-CH3)。以上数据与文献[22]报道基本一致, 根据手性色谱柱上的保留时间和峰面积, 将9A9B分别鉴定为(3′S, 4′S)-凯林内酯和(3′R, 4′R)-凯林内酯。
作者贡献: 杨阳负责化合物分离纯化、文章撰写等工作; 龚兴成负责协助化合物分离工作、结构解析及稿件修改; 屠鹏飞负责实验指导和实验材料; 刘文静负责文章的审阅和提出论文写作的建议; 宋月林负责研究选题和研究方案设计。
利益冲突: 作者声明无利益冲突。
  • 中组部“万人计划”-青年拔尖人才
  • 河南中医药大学仲景青年学者项目(00104311-2023-85)
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2024年第59卷第8期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0085
  • 接收时间:2024-01-29
  • 首发时间:2025-11-26
  • 出版时间:2024-08-12
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  • 收稿日期:2024-01-29
  • 修回日期:2024-04-27
基金
中组部“万人计划”-青年拔尖人才
河南中医药大学仲景青年学者项目(00104311-2023-85)
作者信息
    1.北京中医药大学, 北京中医药研究院中药现代研究中心, 北京 102400
    2.北京中医药大学中药学院, 北京 102400
    3.河南中医药大学药学院, 河南 郑州 450046

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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