Article(id=1200394154267234899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1200394147019477416, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1434, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1703174400000, receivedDateStr=2023-12-22, revisedDate=1713283200000, revisedDateStr=2024-04-17, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764125868622, onlineDateStr=2025-11-26, pubDate=1720713600000, pubDateStr=2024-07-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764125868622, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764125868622, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764125868622, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1200394147019477416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2024', volume='59', issue='7', pageStart='1897', pageEnd='2182', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764125866894, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764225115484, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200810425920115296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1200394147019477416, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200810425920115297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1200394147019477416, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2087, endPage=2097, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1200394154699248236, articleId=1200394154267234899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects and quality evaluation of a new type of Lonicera Japonicae Flos granule raw decoction piece, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Traditional decoction pieces have low efficiency, poor batch-to-batch consistency, and irregular physical form, making it difficult to meet the demands of modern automated production and precise and rapid clinical blending. Therefore, this study aims to develop a new type of granular drinking tablet to meet the demand for high-quality development in the traditional Chinese medicine industry. In the current study, the differences and similarities between the new Lonicerae Japonicae Flos (LJF) granular drinking tablets and the traditional ones were evaluated based on the flowability, the paste rate of the standard soup, the characterization fingerprint, the degree of pasting, the content of active ingredients, the transfer rate, and its traditional antipyretic and anti-inflammatory efficacy, using the traditional LJF decoction piece as a reference. The flowability experiments showed that the flowability of medium-sized granules (10-24 mesh) was significantly better than that of traditional drinking tablets (P < 0.01); the results of the paste rate showed that there was no significant difference between the different particle sizes and the original decoction pieces (P > 0.05), but the small particle sizes (24-65 mesh) had poor decoction clarity and gelatinization; the transfer rate was calculated as chlorogenic acid and luteoloside, and there was no significant difference in the transfer rate between traditional slices and different particle sizes (P > 0.05); the pharmacological results showed that the contents of rat tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), rat interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and rat prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), xylene ear swelling inhibition rate and granuloma inhibition rate showed that there was no significant difference between the traditional and new granule decoction pieces (P > 0.05). In this study, by examining the fluidity, paste rate, paste degree, and antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects of the new granular decoction piece of LJF, it was initially revealed that the new granular drinking tablets of LJF were consistent with the basic properties and pharmacological effects of the commercially available traditional drinking tablets. Still, the new granular tablets were characterized by high utilization rate, homogeneous quality, and ease of clinical transfer, which had a good prospect for application. The animal experiment was approved by the Ethics Committee of the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences (approval number. 2022B214).

, correspAuthors=Xi-wen LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Zhi-jun GUO, Meng-meng HOU, Dan GAO, Yu-han WU, Ze-min YANG, Jia-lu WANG, Bo GAO, Xi-wen LI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1200394158880969559, articleId=1200394154267234899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=金银花新型颗粒饮片的质量评价及解热抗炎作用研究, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

传统饮片煎煮效率低、批次间一致性差、物理形态不规则, 难以满足现代自动化生产和临床精准快速调配等需求。因此, 本研究旨在开发一种新型颗粒饮片以满足中药产业的高质量发展需求。本文以传统的金银花饮片为参照, 基于流动性、标准汤剂的出膏率、特征图谱、糊化度、有效成分含量、转移率以及其解热抗炎功效, 评价了新型金银花颗粒饮片与传统饮片的异同。流动性实验表明, 中粒径(10~24目) 的流动性显著优于传统饮片(P < 0.01); 出膏率结果表明不同粒径与原饮片之间没有显著性差异(P > 0.05), 但小粒径(24~65目) 存在汤剂澄清度差和糊化现象; 指标性成分转移率以绿原酸和木犀草苷计算, 传统饮片和不同粒径之间转移率没有显著性差异(P > 0.05); 药理结果以大鼠肿瘤坏死因子-α (TNF-α)、大鼠白细胞介素-1β (IL-1β) 及大鼠前列腺素E2 (PGE2) 含量、二甲苯耳肿胀抑制率和肉芽肿抑制率表明, 传统饮片和新型颗粒饮片(中粒径) 的药理效果无显著性差异(P > 0.05)。本研究通过考察金银花新型颗粒饮片的流动性、出膏率、糊化度和解热抗炎作用, 表明金银花新型颗粒饮片与市售传统饮片的基本属性、药理作用一致。新型颗粒饮片具有资源利用率高、质量均一, 便于机械化生产和智能调剂等特点, 具有良好的临床应用前景。本研究动物实验获得中国中医科学院实验动物伦理委员会的批准(批准号: 2022B214)。

, correspAuthors=李西文, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*李西文, E-mail:
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Lishizhen Med Mater Med (时珍国医国药), 2021, 32: 2058-2060., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1200470900475818570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394154267234899, awardId=2021HK039, language=CN, fundingSource=2021年淮北市科技计划(2021HK039), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1200470900664562256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394154267234899, awardId=L2022038, language=CN, fundingSource=中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金资助(L2022038), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200470891755860989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394154267234899, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200470891768443904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394154267234899, companyId=1200470891755860989, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. China Resources Sanjiu Medical & Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518110, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200470891785220096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394154267234899, companyId=1200470891755860989, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.华润三九医药股份有限公司, 广东 深圳 518110)]), AuthorCompany(id=1200470891915243526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394154267234899, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200470891927826439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394154267234899, companyId=1200470891915243526, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granule, Huaibei 235000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200470891936215048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394154267234899, companyId=1200470891915243526, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.中药配方颗粒安徽省重点实验室, 安徽 淮北 235000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1200470892020101137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394154267234899, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200470892024295443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394154267234899, companyId=1200470892020101137, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200470892036878356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394154267234899, companyId=1200470892020101137, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.中国中医科学院中药研究所, 北京 100700)]), AuthorCompany(id=1200470892175290394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394154267234899, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200470892183679002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394154267234899, companyId=1200470892175290394, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4. China Resources Sanjiu Modern Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Huizhou 516000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200470892192067611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394154267234899, companyId=1200470892175290394, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.华润三九现代中药制药有限公司, 广东 惠州 516000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1200470897187484061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394154267234899, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=YZRhbO3mfk3JKP7W82ktAg==, figureFileBig=d/+1uGGmb0bPV4SQjRIKkA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200470897338479015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394154267234899, language=CN, label=Figure 1, caption= Traditional decoction pieces and different sizes of large, medium, and small granule decoction pieces of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos (LJF). A: Original medicinal materials of LJF; B: Specification of large-size granule drinking tablets (5-10 mesh); C: Specification of medium-size granule drinking tablets (10-24 mesh); D: Specification of small-size granule drinking tablets (24-65 mesh) , figureFileSmall=YZRhbO3mfk3JKP7W82ktAg==, figureFileBig=d/+1uGGmb0bPV4SQjRIKkA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200470897489473964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394154267234899, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=gcM2Gby4ZQWuPAK09fdWuw==, figureFileBig=7jvkr8ejS0YZUyEUc9gf4w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200470897632080312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394154267234899, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= Angle of repose measurement device schematic. 1: Base; 2: Support; 3-1: Mixing device; 3-2: Fixing sleeve at 60° taper of glass funnel; 3-3: The movable sliding sleeve at 10 mm of the discharge port; 3-4: Sliding sleeve of ruler; 4: Funnel (taper 60°, distance <i>H</i>=10 mm); 5: Overflow tray (inner diameter <i>D</i>=100 mm, <i>h</i>: Cone height of powder); 6: Granule of LJF , figureFileSmall=gcM2Gby4ZQWuPAK09fdWuw==, figureFileBig=7jvkr8ejS0YZUyEUc9gf4w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200470897816629698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394154267234899, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=lPLTx6irA8Km/AElF830nQ==, figureFileBig=9+54LqFy4FDacEALzBYMMA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200470897959236038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394154267234899, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= The content of index components and yield of paste of traditional decoction pieces and decoction pieces with different particle sizes. A: LJF paste rate; B-E: The content of 4, 5-di-<i>O</i>-caffeoylquinic acid, 3, 5-di-<i>O</i>-caffeoylquinic acid, chlorogenic acid, and the sum of the three phenolic acids; F: The content of luteoloside. <i>n</i> = 3, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula"><tex-math id="M3">$ \overline {x} $</tex-math></span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> traditional group , figureFileSmall=lPLTx6irA8Km/AElF830nQ==, figureFileBig=9+54LqFy4FDacEALzBYMMA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200470898093453775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394154267234899, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=J5CGvTTH9F+UxyFgBA7l6w==, figureFileBig=pdRtZdFvfAV+nqNnhr63+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200470898290586080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394154267234899, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= Chromatographic peaks of samples, and index component standards of LJF. (A-D: 327 nm, E and F: 350 nm). A: Liquid chromatograph of chlorogenic acid standard; B: Liquid chromatograph of 3, 5-di-<i>O</i>-caffeoylquinic acid standard; C: Liquid chromatography of 4, 5-di-<i>O</i>-caffeoylquinic acid standard; D: Liquid chromatograph of SDWS LJF sample; E: Liquid chromatograph of luteoloside standard; F: Liquid chromatograph of SDWS LJF samples. Peaks 1 to 4 are the signal peaks of chlorogenic acid, 3, 5-di-<i>O</i>-caffeoylquinic acid, 4, 5-di-<i>O</i>-caffeoylquinic acid, and luteoloside compounds, respectively , figureFileSmall=J5CGvTTH9F+UxyFgBA7l6w==, figureFileBig=pdRtZdFvfAV+nqNnhr63+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200470898445775333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394154267234899, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=RwqzpLBwf2uVmIaDGqsULg==, figureFileBig=0kk6TqAWw1U1YoU8UTKNrg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200470898592575983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394154267234899, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption= Fingerprint of decoction with different particle sizes of LJF. A-D: Liquid chromatograms of traditional decoction slices, large particle size, medium particle size, and small particle size under the detection wavelength of 327 nm; Peaks 2, 9, and 11 were chlorogenic acid, 3, 5-di-<i>O</i>-caffeoylquinic acid, and 4, 5-di-<i>O</i>-caffeoylquinic acid compound signal peaks, respectively. E-H: Liquid chromatograms of traditional decoction slices, large particle size, medium particle size, and small particle size under 350 nm detection wavelength; Peaks 3, 8, and 10 were chlorogenic acid, luteoloside, and 3, 5-di-<i>O</i>-caffeoylquinic acid compound signal peaks, respectively , figureFileSmall=RwqzpLBwf2uVmIaDGqsULg==, figureFileBig=0kk6TqAWw1U1YoU8UTKNrg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200470898722599417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394154267234899, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=acL5RfDgMDa8GcHvuAb7YA==, figureFileBig=o1dvpIYatFYMdKz36kVHFQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200470898861011457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394154267234899, language=CN, label=Figure 6, caption= Effects of different forms of LJF on body temperature and serum TNF-<i>α</i>, IL-1<i>β</i> and PGE<sub>2</sub> in dry yeast-induced fever model rats. TNF-<i>α:</i> Tumor necrosis factor-<i>α</i>; IL-1<i>β</i>: Interleukin-1<i>β</i>; PGE<sub>2</sub>: Prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub>. Traditional-Min, traditional-L, traditional-M, and traditional-H represent the minimum dose, the low dose, the medium dose and the high dose of traditional herbal slices, respectively. Medium-size-Min, Medium-size-L, Medium-size-M, and Medium-size-H represent the minimum dose, the low dose, the medium, and the high dose of medium-sized herbal granule decoction pieces, respectively. A and B: Changes of basal body temperature before modelling, the body temperature of model group 5 h after modelling, and body temperature of model group 4 h after administration; C: Serum levels of TNF-<i>α</i>, IL-1<i>β,</i> and PGE<sub>2</sub> in rats. <i>n</i> = 10, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula"><tex-math id="M5">$ \overline {x} $</tex-math></span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> blank control, <sup>#</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>###</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> model control , figureFileSmall=acL5RfDgMDa8GcHvuAb7YA==, figureFileBig=o1dvpIYatFYMdKz36kVHFQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200470898995229192, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394154267234899, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
PlaceBreedSizeWeight / gHeight / cmAngle of repose /°
HNXMWild flower24-65 mesh45.24.5642.36 ± 0.55**
HNXMWild flower10-24 mesh33.65.4247.28 ± 0.55**
HNXMWild flower5-10 mesh22.36.6052.83 ± 0.14
SDZCFour seasons flower24-65 mesh41.44.5042.00 ± 0.27**
SDZCFour seasons flower10-24 mesh28.15.6148.29 ± 0.11**
SDZCFour seasons flower5-10 mesh24.66.6853.19 ± 0.26
SDWSNorth flower No.124-65 mesh46.34.7643.57 ± 0.16**
SDWSNorth flower No.110-24 mesh28.15.7148.81 ± 0.45**
SDWSNorth flower No.15-10 mesh29.36.5552.66 ± 0.16
), ArticleFig(id=1200470899154612752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394154267234899, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

Sample number and different particle sizes of LJF. Rest angle data. n = 5, $ \overline {x} $ ± s. HNXM: Xinmi city, Henan province; SDZC: Zhengcheng town, Linyi city, Shandong province; SDWS: Wenshui town, Linyi city, Shandong province. **P < 0.01 vs 5-10 mesh size

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
PlaceBreedSizeWeight / gHeight / cmAngle of repose /°
HNXMWild flower24-65 mesh45.24.5642.36 ± 0.55**
HNXMWild flower10-24 mesh33.65.4247.28 ± 0.55**
HNXMWild flower5-10 mesh22.36.6052.83 ± 0.14
SDZCFour seasons flower24-65 mesh41.44.5042.00 ± 0.27**
SDZCFour seasons flower10-24 mesh28.15.6148.29 ± 0.11**
SDZCFour seasons flower5-10 mesh24.66.6853.19 ± 0.26
SDWSNorth flower No.124-65 mesh46.34.7643.57 ± 0.16**
SDWSNorth flower No.110-24 mesh28.15.7148.81 ± 0.45**
SDWSNorth flower No.15-10 mesh29.36.5552.66 ± 0.16
), ArticleFig(id=1200470899313996313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394154267234899, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
IndicatorHNXMSDZCSDWS
TraditionalLargeMediumSmallTraditionalLargeMediumSmallTraditionalLargeMediumSmall
Clarity333233323332
Gelatinization---+---+---+
), ArticleFig(id=1200470899431436832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394154267234899, language=CN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison of the clarity and gelatinization between traditional and new granule pieces. 3: Indicates good clarity, and the liquid is clear and transparent. 2: Indicates that the liquid is slightly cloudy in clarity, but it can still be seen through the liquid at the bottom of the container; +: Indicates that there is gelatinization, with a scorched odour, and part of the decoction piece sticks to the bottom of the container and becomes black. -: Indicates no gelatinization

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
IndicatorHNXMSDZCSDWS
TraditionalLargeMediumSmallTraditionalLargeMediumSmallTraditionalLargeMediumSmall
Clarity333233323332
Gelatinization---+---+---+
), ArticleFig(id=1200470899548877349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394154267234899, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Decoction piece specificationContent of concentrated solution/%
Chlorogenic acidLuteoloside
Traditional herbal slice3.77 ± 0.590.028 ± 0.011
Large-size3.97 ± 0.580.030 ± 0.014
Medium-size4.20 ± 0.600.035 ± 0.019
Small-size4.00 ± 0.440.027 ± 0.006
), ArticleFig(id=1200470899674706476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394154267234899, language=CN, label=Table 3, caption=

Concentrated phenolic acid components of decoction with different particle sizes of LJF. n = 3, $ \overline {x} $ ± s

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Decoction piece specificationContent of concentrated solution/%
Chlorogenic acidLuteoloside
Traditional herbal slice3.77 ± 0.590.028 ± 0.011
Large-size3.97 ± 0.580.030 ± 0.014
Medium-size4.20 ± 0.600.035 ± 0.019
Small-size4.00 ± 0.440.027 ± 0.006
), ArticleFig(id=1200470899792146991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394154267234899, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GroupDegree of swelling/mgInhibition rate/%
  Blank control group0.4 ± 1.8-
  Model control group20.2 ± 8.7**-
  Positive control group (indomethacin)5.2 ± 3.3#74.3%
Traditional herbal slices of LJFLow17.2 ± 8.114.9%
Medium11.9 ± 7.441.1%
High7.7 ± 3.7#61.9%
Medium-size herbal slices of LJFLow18.2 ± 5.89.9%
Medium13.5 ± 7.433.2%
High7.8 ± 2.3#61.4%
), ArticleFig(id=1200470899901198902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394154267234899, language=CN, label=Table 4, caption=

Effects of different shapes of LJF on ear swelling induced by xylene in mice (n = 10, $ \overline {x} $ ± s). Degree of swelling (mg) = weight of right ear - weight of left ear; Ear swelling inhibition rate = (average swelling degree of the model group-average swelling degree of the administration group)/average swelling degree of the model group × 100%. **P < 0.01 vs blank control; #P < 0.05 vs model control

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GroupDegree of swelling/mgInhibition rate/%
  Blank control group0.4 ± 1.8-
  Model control group20.2 ± 8.7**-
  Positive control group (indomethacin)5.2 ± 3.3#74.3%
Traditional herbal slices of LJFLow17.2 ± 8.114.9%
Medium11.9 ± 7.441.1%
High7.7 ± 3.7#61.9%
Medium-size herbal slices of LJFLow18.2 ± 5.89.9%
Medium13.5 ± 7.433.2%
High7.8 ± 2.3#61.4%
), ArticleFig(id=1200470900039610939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394154267234899, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GroupQuality of granulomas/mgInhibition rate/%
  Model control group26.2 ± 7.5-
  Positive control group (indomethacin)17.7 ± 5.4##32.4%
  Traditional herbal slices of LJFLow23.0 ± 4.612.2%
Medium21.4 ± 7.418.3%
High19.5 ± 9.325.6%
Medium-size herbal slices of LJFLow22.5 ± 8.114.1%
Medium21.1 ± 6.119.5%
High18.6 ± 6.0#29.0%
), ArticleFig(id=1200470900207383105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394154267234899, language=CN, label=Table 5, caption=

Effect of different shapes of LJF on rat cotton ball granuloma (n = 10, $ \overline {x} $ ± s). Granuloma mass (g) = dry weight of granuloma - the mass of raw cotton ball; Inhibition rate = (mass of granuloma in the model group of granuloma in the administration group)/mass of granuloma in the model group × 100%. #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01 vs model control

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GroupQuality of granulomas/mgInhibition rate/%
  Model control group26.2 ± 7.5-
  Positive control group (indomethacin)17.7 ± 5.4##32.4%
  Traditional herbal slices of LJFLow23.0 ± 4.612.2%
Medium21.4 ± 7.418.3%
High19.5 ± 9.325.6%
Medium-size herbal slices of LJFLow22.5 ± 8.114.1%
Medium21.1 ± 6.119.5%
High18.6 ± 6.0#29.0%
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金银花新型颗粒饮片的质量评价及解热抗炎作用研究
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郭志俊 1, 2 , 侯梦梦 3 , 高旦 3 , 吴宇涵 3 , 杨泽敏 3 , 王家禄 3 , 高波 2, 4 , 李西文 3, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2024,59(7): 2087-2097
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2024, 59(7): 2087-2097
金银花新型颗粒饮片的质量评价及解热抗炎作用研究
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郭志俊1, 2, 侯梦梦3, 高旦3, 吴宇涵3, 杨泽敏3, 王家禄3, 高波2, 4, 李西文3, *
作者信息
  • 1.华润三九医药股份有限公司, 广东 深圳 518110
  • 2.中药配方颗粒安徽省重点实验室, 安徽 淮北 235000
  • 3.中国中医科学院中药研究所, 北京 100700
  • 4.华润三九现代中药制药有限公司, 广东 惠州 516000

通讯作者:

*李西文, E-mail:
Antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects and quality evaluation of a new type of Lonicera Japonicae Flos granule raw decoction piece
Zhi-jun GUO1, 2, Meng-meng HOU3, Dan GAO3, Yu-han WU3, Ze-min YANG3, Jia-lu WANG3, Bo GAO2, 4, Xi-wen LI3, *
Affiliations
  • 1. China Resources Sanjiu Medical & Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518110, China
  • 2. Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granule, Huaibei 235000, China
  • 3. Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
  • 4. China Resources Sanjiu Modern Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Huizhou 516000, China
出版时间: 2024-07-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1434
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传统饮片煎煮效率低、批次间一致性差、物理形态不规则, 难以满足现代自动化生产和临床精准快速调配等需求。因此, 本研究旨在开发一种新型颗粒饮片以满足中药产业的高质量发展需求。本文以传统的金银花饮片为参照, 基于流动性、标准汤剂的出膏率、特征图谱、糊化度、有效成分含量、转移率以及其解热抗炎功效, 评价了新型金银花颗粒饮片与传统饮片的异同。流动性实验表明, 中粒径(10~24目) 的流动性显著优于传统饮片(P < 0.01); 出膏率结果表明不同粒径与原饮片之间没有显著性差异(P > 0.05), 但小粒径(24~65目) 存在汤剂澄清度差和糊化现象; 指标性成分转移率以绿原酸和木犀草苷计算, 传统饮片和不同粒径之间转移率没有显著性差异(P > 0.05); 药理结果以大鼠肿瘤坏死因子-α (TNF-α)、大鼠白细胞介素-1β (IL-1β) 及大鼠前列腺素E2 (PGE2) 含量、二甲苯耳肿胀抑制率和肉芽肿抑制率表明, 传统饮片和新型颗粒饮片(中粒径) 的药理效果无显著性差异(P > 0.05)。本研究通过考察金银花新型颗粒饮片的流动性、出膏率、糊化度和解热抗炎作用, 表明金银花新型颗粒饮片与市售传统饮片的基本属性、药理作用一致。新型颗粒饮片具有资源利用率高、质量均一, 便于机械化生产和智能调剂等特点, 具有良好的临床应用前景。本研究动物实验获得中国中医科学院实验动物伦理委员会的批准(批准号: 2022B214)。

金银花  /  颗粒饮片  /  指纹图谱  /  标准汤剂  /  药理作用

Traditional decoction pieces have low efficiency, poor batch-to-batch consistency, and irregular physical form, making it difficult to meet the demands of modern automated production and precise and rapid clinical blending. Therefore, this study aims to develop a new type of granular drinking tablet to meet the demand for high-quality development in the traditional Chinese medicine industry. In the current study, the differences and similarities between the new Lonicerae Japonicae Flos (LJF) granular drinking tablets and the traditional ones were evaluated based on the flowability, the paste rate of the standard soup, the characterization fingerprint, the degree of pasting, the content of active ingredients, the transfer rate, and its traditional antipyretic and anti-inflammatory efficacy, using the traditional LJF decoction piece as a reference. The flowability experiments showed that the flowability of medium-sized granules (10-24 mesh) was significantly better than that of traditional drinking tablets (P < 0.01); the results of the paste rate showed that there was no significant difference between the different particle sizes and the original decoction pieces (P > 0.05), but the small particle sizes (24-65 mesh) had poor decoction clarity and gelatinization; the transfer rate was calculated as chlorogenic acid and luteoloside, and there was no significant difference in the transfer rate between traditional slices and different particle sizes (P > 0.05); the pharmacological results showed that the contents of rat tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), rat interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and rat prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), xylene ear swelling inhibition rate and granuloma inhibition rate showed that there was no significant difference between the traditional and new granule decoction pieces (P > 0.05). In this study, by examining the fluidity, paste rate, paste degree, and antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects of the new granular decoction piece of LJF, it was initially revealed that the new granular drinking tablets of LJF were consistent with the basic properties and pharmacological effects of the commercially available traditional drinking tablets. Still, the new granular tablets were characterized by high utilization rate, homogeneous quality, and ease of clinical transfer, which had a good prospect for application. The animal experiment was approved by the Ethics Committee of the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences (approval number. 2022B214).

Lonicerae Japonicae Flos  /  granule decoction pieces  /  fingerprint  /  standard decoction  /  pharmacologic effect
郭志俊, 侯梦梦, 高旦, 吴宇涵, 杨泽敏, 王家禄, 高波, 李西文. 金银花新型颗粒饮片的质量评价及解热抗炎作用研究. 药学学报, 2024 , 59 (7) : 2087 -2097 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1434
Zhi-jun GUO, Meng-meng HOU, Dan GAO, Yu-han WU, Ze-min YANG, Jia-lu WANG, Bo GAO, Xi-wen LI. Antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects and quality evaluation of a new type of Lonicera Japonicae Flos granule raw decoction piece[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2024 , 59 (7) : 2087 -2097 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1434
金银花为忍冬科植物忍冬(Lonicera japonica Thunb.) 的干燥花蕾或带初开的花[1]。《神农本草经》记载:“金银花性寒味甘, 具有清热解毒、凉血化瘀之功效, 主治外感风热、瘟病初起、疮疡疔毒、红肿热痛”等。临床常以金银花饮片及其组方药用于各类发热性疾病, 预防和治疗各种病毒性疾病, 包括流感、冠状病毒感染等, 其解热作用显著[2, 3], 金银花的应用有助于降低患者感染的风险、改善患者的病情, 缩短病程。同时, 金银花具有调节免疫功能的作用, 可帮助人体抵抗病毒感染。近年来, 随着新冠病毒等呼吸道系统疾病的高发, 金银花饮片的临床需求逐年增加。
传统中药饮片具有悠久的应用历史, 但在加工炮制过程中, 受当时鉴定水平所限, 其制作过程大多切成厚片或薄片便于识别, 一直延续到现在。为达到商品饮片的片形美观, 还存在先干燥后浸润切片成型的加工方式, 增加了成本, 生产效率较低, 且容易出现水溶性有效成分损失, 影响饮片质量。当前传统饮片在临床调配中仍然以人工为主, 增加了用工成本、效率低; 且因切片厚薄不同、位置不一等导致调配的均一性较差。此外, 传统中药饮片炮制工艺和质量标准尚未形成统一的标准体系, 不同地区的做法可能存在差异, 给医生开具处方和患者购买药品带来了不便。同时, 传统中药饮片仓储条件相对简单, 如一般在阴凉干燥处堆放。随着时间的推移, 药物成分可能发生变化, 影响疗效。随着学科分工细化, 传统中药饮片炮制技艺的传承也面临挑战。
为更好适应现代临床需求, 相继出现了中药超微粉、纳米中药定量压制饮片、中药配方颗粒等与传统中药饮片在性状上存在显著差异的新型饮片。此类饮片的研发重点解决了服用方便和智能调配的问题, 药物的均一性较好。然而, 这些新型饮片不完全符合组方合煎、依药性先煎后下等中医用药理论, 在提高了单味药成分溶出的同时, 可能牺牲了因药物共煎而产生的潜在临床疗效。因此, 其安全性及有效性还有待进一步的临床数据积累。目前, 以传统中药饮片作为原料, 经提取浓缩制成的中药配方颗粒已获得广泛认可, 基本实现了中药饮片的机械化加工和自动化调配。然而, 中药配方颗粒存在以下问题: ①配方颗粒经过了提取、浓缩、干燥、制粒等制药过程, 已经失去了中药饮片原有的性状和鉴别特点。仅仅依靠有效成分或指标成分的含量对其进行质量控制具有很大的挑战性; ②中药饮片在合煎过程中, 成分间会发生增溶、助溶、吸附、沉淀等物理反应, 引起部分成分含量的改变, 同时药物成分间的水解、氧化、还原作用也会产生新物质, 对中药的药效和毒性具有一定的影响[4-6]。与传统中药饮片相比, 中药配方颗粒减少了合煎的过程, 改变了传统用药方式, 受到部分传统中医师、科研工作者以及患者的质疑; ③中药配方颗粒存在品种和规格不全、溶解度差、价格较高以及包装物污染等问题。因此, 迫切需要一种新型饮片来满足临床用药需求和规模化生产的要求。
本文以饮片流动性、出膏率、药效成分转移率、药效成分含量、指纹图谱相似度和药理功效等为考察指标, 研究开发新型颗粒饮片的一体化技术方案和质量评价方法。通过衡量新型颗粒饮片标准汤剂与传统饮片标准汤剂的异同, 为新型颗粒饮片质量评价及临床应用提供参考。
实验试剂  甲醇(色谱级)、乙腈(色谱级) 和其他有机试剂(分析级)为德国默克公司生产, 煎煮用水为蒸馏水、液相用水为娃哈哈集团有限公司生产纯净水。大鼠前列腺素E2 (PGE2) 试剂盒(批号20230206)、肿瘤坏死因子-α (TNF-α) 试剂盒(批号20230211) 和大鼠白细胞介素-1β (IL-1β) 试剂盒(批号20230301) 为北京索莱宝科技有限公司生产。其他试剂为阿司匹林(Bayer S.p.A, 批号BJ70103)、吲哚美辛片(上海金不换兰考制药有限公司, 批号20200608) 和干酵母(安琪酵母股份有限公司, 批号20220909)。
植物材料  实验所用金银花为药典规定的金银花(Lonicera japonica Thunb.), 购买自河南省新密市的野生金银花(HNXM, 20211001)、山东省临沂市平邑县郑城镇的四季花一级品(SDZC, 202111218) 和山东省临沂市平邑县温水镇的“北花一号”一级品(SDWS, 202111218)。
动物材料  解热实验: 健康雄性SD大鼠115只, 体重180~220 g, 合格证号: No.110011231100976831; 耳肿胀实验: 健康雄性ICR小鼠90只, 体重18~22 g, 合格证号: No.110011231101619783; 棉球肉芽肿实验: 健康雄性SD大鼠94只, 体重180~220 g, 合格证号: No.110011231103379827, 所有实验动物均由北京维通利华实验动物技术有限公司提供。
仪器设备  美国高效液相色谱仪(安捷伦科技有限公司, 型号: Agilent 1260型); 十万分之一分析天平(瑞士Mettler-toledo公司, 型号: BT125-D); 万分之一分析天平(德国Sartorius公司, 型号: BS224S); 电子天平(上海花潮电器有限公司, 型号: HTP-312); 电热水浴锅(上海森信实验仪器有限公司, 型号: DK-S26); 分光光度计(美国Thermo Scientific公司, 型号: NanoDrop 2000c); 休止角测定仪(厦门易事仕仪器有限公司, 型号: ST-104B); 样品筛(绍兴市上虞华丰五金仪器有限公司); 粉碎机(深圳百利福工贸有限公司); 轻便剪力仪(河北路兴安达公司, 型号: ZQB-4); 电子天平(广东香山衡器集团有限公司, 型号: EK813); 酶标仪(美国Molecular Devices公司, 型号: SpectraMax i3X); 高速离心机(德国Eppendorf公司, 型号: 5810R台式); 电子分析天平(德国Sartorius公司, 型号: BSA3202S-CW); 电热恒温鼓风干燥箱(北京陆希科技有限公司, 型号: DHG-9070A); 体温计(日本欧姆龙株式会社, 型号: MC-347)。
颗粒饮片的制备  使用粉碎机将干燥的金银花传统饮片粉碎, 分别过5目筛、10目筛、24目筛、65目筛。每种规格重复过筛3次, 保证颗粒均匀。制定四种规格, 依次为: 传统饮片; 大粒径: 5~10目(2~4 mm); 中粒径: 10~24目(0.8~2 mm); 小粒径: 24~65目(0.25~0.8 mm), 如图 1所示。不同粒度金银花颗粒分别混合均匀, 使用量筒称取150 mL, 并使用天平称取重量, 使得每种规格重量一致, 进行编号。
休止角的测定  静态稳定状态下, 药物颗粒堆积斜面与底部水平面所形成的锐角叫做休止角。休止角是以特定方式使粉体自然下落到特定平台上形成的。本实验采用最常见的方法—注入法, 测量保持实验温度16.8~18.0 ℃, 湿度17.1%~20.0%。如图 2所示, 在进行金银花休止角测量时, 使用标尺活动滑套堵上漏斗颈, 将金银花样品倒入, 拨动试样使表面平整, 打开漏斗颈让粉体流下并用搅拌器缓慢搅拌。待流动停止等待2 min后, 测量粉体的锥形高度, 样品的休止角ψ的计算公式如下:
$ \psi =\mathrm{A}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{c}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{n}\left(\frac{2h}{D}\right)=\mathrm{A}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{c}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{ }\left(\frac{h}{50}\right) $
式(1) 中: h为粉体的锥形高度(mm); D为形成锥形的直径(mm), 本次实验D = 100 mm。取5次测量的算术平均值作为结果。如果5次平行结果的偏差≥ 5.0%, 则重新测量。
出膏率测定  取传统饮片和三种不同粒度新型饮片各100.0 g, 加12倍量水浸泡30 min, 煮沸30 min, 趁热过滤, 药渣再加10倍量水煮沸20 min, 趁热过滤, 合并2次煎煮液, 浓缩成100 mL溶液, 得到1.0 g·mL-1药液。精密吸取各供试液10 mL于蒸发皿中, 水浴蒸干, 称重, 计算出膏率, 通过观察药液颜色的深浅判断澄清度。出膏率(yield of paste, 以下简称PY, %) 公式如下:
$ \mathrm{P}\mathrm{Y}\left(\mathrm{\%}\right)=\left(\frac{wV}{vM}\right)^*100\% $
式(2) 中, M表示药材量(g); V表示中药饮片标准汤剂体积(mL); v表示取样体积(mL); w表示取样所得干膏量(g)。
酚酸类成分含量测定  色谱条件为色谱柱: Diamonsil C18柱(150 mm × 4.6 mm, 3.5 μm); 流动相: 0.1%磷酸水溶液(A)-乙腈(B), 梯度洗脱程序(0~8 min, 14%~19% B; 8~14 min, 19% B; 14~34 min, 19%~21% B; 34~35 min, 21%~90% B; 35~40 min, 90% B); 流速: 0.7 mL·min-1; 柱温: 25 ℃; 检测波长: 327 nm; 进样体积: 2 μL。
对照品溶液制备称取绿原酸对照品、3, 5-二-O-咖啡酰奎宁酸和4, 5-二-O-咖啡酰奎宁酸对照品适量, 精密称定, 置棕色量瓶中, 分别加75%甲醇制成每1 mL含20、40、60、80、280 µg; 20、40、60、150 µg; 20、40、44、60、80、100 µg的溶液, 备用。
供试品溶液的制备取不同规格的新型颗粒传统饮片约0.5 g, 精密称定, 置具塞锥形瓶中, 精密加入75%甲醇溶液50 mL, 称定重量, 超声处理(功率500 W, 频率40 kHz) 30 min, 放冷, 用75%甲醇补足减失的重量, 摇匀, 滤过, 取续滤液, 备用。
木犀草苷含量测定  色谱条件: 色谱柱: Agilent ZORBAX SB-phenyl柱(150 mm × 4.6 mm, 3.5 μm), 流动相: 0.5%冰醋酸水溶液(A)-乙腈(B), 梯度洗脱: 0~15 min: 10%~20% B; 15~30 min: 20% B, 30~40 min: 20%~30% B; 流速: 1.0 mL·min-1, 柱温40 ℃, 检测波长: 350 nm; 进样体积: 10 μL。
对照品溶液的制备取木犀草苷对照品适量, 精密称定, 加70%乙醇制成每1 mL含10、20、50、100、125、250 µg的溶液, 备用。
供试品溶液的制备取不同规格的新型颗粒和传统饮片约2 g, 精密称定, 置于具塞锥形瓶中, 精密加入70%乙醇50 mL, 称定重量, 超声处理(功率250 W, 频率35 kHz) 1 h, 放冷, 用70%乙醇补足减失的重量, 摇匀, 滤过。精密量取续滤液10 mL, 回收溶剂至干燥, 残渣加70%乙醇溶解, 转移至5 mL量瓶中, 加70%乙醇至刻度, 摇匀, 备用。
指标成分转移率测定  标准汤剂(水提液) 处理: 称取传统饮片及不同粒度新型饮片各100 g, 加12倍量水浸泡30 min, 煮沸30 min, 滤得煎煮液, 剩下的残渣加10倍量水煎煮20 min。合并2次煎煮液, 浓缩成200 mL溶液, 得到0.5 g·mL-1药液。色谱条件: 同酚酸类成分含量测定和木犀草苷含量测定项下色谱条件。
药理实验指标成分测定  本文选择以药典中人体高剂量15 g·kg-1为有效剂量进行动物生药等效剂量换算: 小鼠为1.95 g·kg-1; 大鼠为1.35 g·kg-1。文献[7, 8]报道金银花生药药效剂量范围为1~57.3 g·kg-1, 设置生药量大鼠最低、低、中、高剂量(1.35、2.7、5.4、10.8 g·kg-1) 和小鼠低、中、高剂量(3.9、7.8、15.6 g·kg-1), 并根据金银花传统饮片和中粒径饮片出膏率(40%和43%) 进行换算。各组动物剂量设置如下: 大鼠, 传统饮片最低、低、中、高剂量(0.54、1.08、2.16、4.32 g·kg-1) 和中粒径饮片最低、低、中、高剂量(0.58、1.16、2.32、4.64 g·kg-1); 小鼠, 传统饮片低、中、高剂量(1.56、3.12、6.24 g·kg-1) 和中粒径饮片低、中、高剂量(1.68、3.35、6.7 g·kg-1)。该实验由中国中医科学院实验动物伦理委员会批准(批号: 2022B214)。
大鼠体温和TNF-α、IL-1β及PGE2含量测定  取健康雄性SD大鼠115只, 检疫并适应性喂养7天, 期间用体温计监测大鼠肛温进行驯化。监测方法: 测温前动物排空粪便, 电子体温计探头涂抹凡士林润滑, 轻轻插入大鼠肛门3 cm处。实验前一天禁食不禁水, 次日清晨监测体温一次, 间隔30 min后再次监测体温, 以两次体温平均值作为动物基础体温。随机抽取10只大鼠作为空白对照组, 其余105只为受试组。空白对照组皮下注射生理盐水, 受试组皮下注射15%干酵母溶液, 给药体积10 mL·kg-1。监测造模5 h后大鼠体温, 体温升高不足0.8 ℃的动物淘汰[9], 并剔除体温与均值差值过大的动物。选取合格动物100只随机分为10组: 模型对照组、阳性对照组(阿司匹林, 0.2 g·kg-1)、金银花传统饮片最低、低、中、高剂量组、金银花新型颗粒饮片最低、低、中、高剂量组, 每组10只。给药组动物灌胃给药, 给药体积10 mL·kg-1, 空白对照组和模型对照组灌胃给予等体积动物饮用水。观察指标: ①监测给药后1、2、3及4 h体温; ②末次测温后, 眼眶取血, 3 000 r·min-1离心10 min, 分离血清置于-80 ℃冰箱储存, 检测TNF-α、IL-1β及PGE2含量。
小鼠二甲苯耳肿胀及抑制率测定  取健康雄性ICR小鼠90只, 随机分为空白对照组、模型对照组、阳性对照组(吲哚美辛片0.015 g·kg-1)、金银花传统饮片组(低、中、高剂量组) 和金银花新型颗粒饮片组(低、中、高剂量组), 每组10只。给药组动物灌胃给药, 给药体积10 mL·kg-1, 连续给药7天, 空白对照组和模型对照组灌胃给予等体积动物饮用水。末次给药30 min后, 将50 μL二甲苯溶液涂抹于小鼠右耳两面进行攻击, 致炎1 h后, 断颈处死小鼠, 沿耳廓基线剪下小鼠双耳, 用直径为8 mm的打孔器在左右耳同一部位打下耳片, 称重。计算耳肿胀度、耳肿胀抑制率。
大鼠肉芽肿及抑制率测定  取健康雄性SD大鼠94只, 异氟烷麻醉, 剔除下腹部被毛, 将重量为20 ± 1 mg经高压灭菌后的棉球分别植入大鼠两侧腹股沟皮下, 缝合皮肤, 涂抹碘伏。第2天将造模成功(无脓肿, 不脱线) 大鼠随机分为模型对照组、阳性对照组(阿司匹林, 0.2 g·kg-1)、金银花传统饮片组(低、中、高剂量组)、金银花新型颗粒饮片组(低、中、高剂量组), 每组10只。各组动物灌胃给药, 给药体积10 mL·kg-1, 连续给药7天, 空白对照组和模型对照组灌胃给予等体积动物饮用水。末次给药1 h后打开原切口, 将棉球连同周围结缔组织一并取出, 剔除周围组织, 置于60 ℃烘箱24 h至恒重, 称量肉芽肿干重。计算肉芽肿质量, 肉芽肿抑制率。
数据处理  实验数据采用Excel 2019进行数据预处理, 结果以均值±标准差($ \overline {x} $ ± s) 表示。使用SPSS 25.0进行单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA), 方差齐时采用最小显著差(least significance difference, LSD) 检验, 方差不齐时采用新复极差(Dunnett-t) 检验。以P < 0.05、P < 0.01或P < 0.001为具有统计学差异的标准。
表 1可知, 相同粒径不同批次金银花之间休止角存在差异, 与不同品种金银花绒毛密度不同有关。同一个批次中, 小粒径、中粒径和大粒径休止角之间存在极显著差异(P < 0.01), 随着粒径的增加, 金银花的休止角逐渐增大, 流动性逐渐减小。小粒径的金银花流动性最好, 其次是中粒径, 最差的是大粒径, 三个批次的金银花均保持相同的规律。一般认为, 休止角小于30°时流动性好, 30~45°时流动性一般, 45~55°时流动性差, 大于55°则流动性极差[10], 在本次实际操作中, 小粒径需要轻微搅拌, 流动性良好, 中粒径和大粒径需要搅拌、震动, 流动性差, 实验数据与实际情况相符。其中, 小粒径中流动性最好的为SDZC, 中粒径中流动性最好的为SDZC和SDWS, 大粒径中三个产地流动性无显著性差异(P > 0.05)。
比较不同粒径的新型饮片和传统饮片分析发现, 所有样品的出膏率均大于38%, 出膏率结果见图 3A。不同粒径的出膏率一致性较好, HNXM产地出膏率中粒径优于传统饮片和其他粒径, 其余产地不同粒径与原饮片之间没有显著性差异(P > 0.05); 通过视觉观察发现小粒径的颗粒太小极不易过滤, 其澄清度较差, 其余两种规格新型饮片和传统饮片澄清度均较好, 这也与实际的实验结果相符合。澄清度和糊化度结果见表 2
绿原酸、3, 5-二-O-咖啡酰奎宁酸和4, 5-二-O-咖啡酰奎宁酸为金银花中的酚酸类化合物, 对照品及样品的色谱图见图 4。中国药典(2020年版) 要求金银花的指标性成分绿原酸(C16H18O9) 不得少于1.5%、含酚酸类以绿原酸(C16H18O9)、3, 5-二-O-咖啡酰奎宁酸(C25H24O12) 和4, 5-二-O-咖啡酰奎宁酸(C25H24O12) 的总量不得少于3.8%。由表 3可知, 本实验所购买的不同产地的金银花中绿原酸均≥ 1.5%, 除传统饮片外, 其余规格的颗粒饮片含酚酸类以绿原酸、3, 5-二-O-咖啡酰奎宁酸和4, 5-二-O-咖啡酰奎宁酸的总量均≥ 3.8%。故除传统饮片外, 不同产地不同规格的金银花新型颗粒饮片中酚酸类成分均符合中国药典(2020年版) 标准。木犀草苷是金银花中主要的黄酮类成分, 因其具有邻二酚羟基特殊结构而被赋予了明显的药理活性, 已被证明有抗菌、抗病毒、抗氧化、解热抗炎、抗肿瘤[11-14]等功能, 这些活性与金银花清热解毒的传统功效契合度很高, 中国药典(2020年版) 要求金银花的指标性成分木樨草苷(C21H20O11) 不得少于0.050%。本实验所购买的不同产地的不同类型颗粒饮片的金银花中木樨草苷(C21H20O11) 均≥ 0.050%, 符合中国药典(2020年版) 标准。
对于HNXM、SDZC和SDWS产地来说, 绿原酸、3, 5-二-O-咖啡酰奎宁酸和4, 5-二-O-咖啡酰奎宁酸及以上三者之和均表现为大粒径、中粒径和小粒径含量显著高于传统饮片最低(P < 0.001), 结果见图 3B~E。对于HNXM产地来说,木樨草苷表现为小粒径含量显著优于其他粒径(P < 0.001), 传统饮片和大粒径、中粒径含量之间没有显著性差异(P > 0.05)。对于SDZC产地来说, 木樨草苷表现为小粒径和中粒径含量显著优于传统饮片(P < 0.001), 大粒径和传统饮片含量之间没有显著性差异(P > 0.05)。对于SDWS产地来说, 木樨草苷表现为大粒径、中粒径和小粒径含量显著优于传统饮片(P < 0.001), 结果见图 3F。综合分析表明, 小粒径的木樨草苷含量均显著高于传统饮片(P < 0.001)。此外, 除了传统饮片外, 金银花其余批次的指标性成分的含量均符合药典要求, 可以用于后续的指纹图谱评价分析。
按照化学指纹图谱、指标性成分含量测定结合的优化模式, 从整体性和指标性成分定量的角度标定煎剂的化学轮廓和质量标准。金银花标准汤剂作为中药饮片的水煎液, 物质基础主要为酚酸类和黄酮类溶于水的活性物质[9, 15], 这些成分在金银花汤剂抗肿瘤、抗炎症、免疫调节、抗病毒等方面发挥着重要作用[2, 3]。本研究通过评价传统饮片和新型饮片的指纹图谱的相似度, 来研究新型饮片和临床上常用的传统饮片的化学成分的一致性和相关性, 为新型饮片的应用提供理论依据。
采用中国药典(2020年版) 关于金银花中酚酸类和木犀草苷含量测定的检测方法, 分别对金银花传统饮片标准汤剂水煎液的色谱峰进行匹配。如图 5所示, 327 nm检测波长下的传统饮片以及大、中、小粒径标准汤剂水煎液的液相色谱图均比对到绿原酸、3, 5-二-O-咖啡酰奎宁酸、4, 5-二-O-咖啡酰奎宁酸化合物信号峰, 350 nm检测波长下的传统饮片以及大、中、小粒径标准汤剂水煎液的液相色谱图均比对到木犀草苷化合物信号峰。通过相似性分析, 结果显示酚酸类和木犀草苷在三种批次的相似度均不小于0.983。在四种粒径饮片样品标准汤剂水煎液的色谱峰匹配相似度均不小于0.992。传统饮片标准汤剂水煎液的和各粒径新型饮片的指纹图谱比较表明, 不同批次不同粒径之间样品标准汤剂水煎液的均一性和一致性极好。
紧贴临床上的标准煎液的煎煮过程, 制定了统一的标准化操作, 所得到的不同粒径的指标性成分的转移率以绿原酸计算, 传统饮片以及大、中、小粒径分别为: (72.06 ± 4.98)%、(76.10 ± 3.64)%、(80.60 ± 6.16)%和(77.13 ± 6.26)%; 以木犀草苷计算, 传统饮片以及大、中、小粒径分别为: (28.70 ± 4.98)%、(30.03 ± 3.83)%、(34.30 ± 6.43)%和(28.53 ± 3.95)%, 原饮片和不同粒径之间指标性成分转移率无显著性差异(P > 0.05)。
与空白组相比, 造模后5 h模型组体温极显著升高(P < 0.001)。与模型组相比, 阿司匹林阳性对照组、金银花传统饮片和金银花中粒径颗粒饮片中、高剂量组大鼠在给药后1和2 h检测点体温显著下降(P < 0.05); 金银花传统饮片和金银花新型颗粒饮片各剂量之间比较均无显著性差异(P > 0.05)。结果见图 6
与空白对照组相比, 模型组血清TNF-α和IL-1β含量极显著升高(P < 0.001)。与模型组相比, 金银花传统饮片和金银花新型颗粒饮片中、高剂量组TNF-α含量显著减少(P < 0.05); 金银花传统饮片和金银花新型颗粒饮片高剂量组IL-1β含量显著降低(P < 0.05); 金银花传统饮片和金银花颗粒饮片各剂量之间均无显著性差异(P > 0.05)。与空白对照组相比, 发热模型组大鼠血清PGE2含量显著增加(P < 0.05)。与模型组相比, 金银花传统饮片和金银花新型颗粒饮片高剂量组PGE2含量显著降低(P < 0.05), 金银花传统饮片和金银花颗粒饮片各剂量之间均无显著性差异(P > 0.05)。结果见图 6
与空白对照组相比, 模型组小鼠耳肿胀度极显著升高(P < 0.01)。与模型组相比, 阳性对照、金银花传统饮片和新型颗粒饮片高剂量组小鼠耳肿胀度显著降低(P < 0.05); 两种不同形制金银花各剂量之间均无显著性差异(P > 0.05)。结果见表 4
与模型组相比, 阳性对照组大鼠肉芽肿质量显著降低(P < 0.01); 金银花传统饮片和新型颗粒饮片低、中、高剂量组均能够不同程度地抑制大鼠棉球肉芽肿质量, 其中金银花新型颗粒饮片高剂量组大鼠肉芽肿质量显著降低(P < 0.05)。两种不同形制金银花各剂量之间均无显著性差异(P > 0.05)。结果见表 5
新型颗粒饮片与传统中药饮片相比, 其粒度规格小于传统中药饮片。饮片粒度的不同会影响饮片煎煮过程中的渗透和扩散。新型颗粒饮片的粒度小, 在渗透阶段, 有利于溶剂渗入药材; 在扩散阶段, 新型颗粒饮片表面积大, 与溶剂接触面广, 利于有效成分的扩散[16, 17]。传统散剂相较于传统中药饮片, 同样具有粒度小、表面积大的特点, 但其临床应用范围相对狭窄, 限制其临床的广泛使用[18]。其次, 新型颗粒饮片相较于免煎中药饮片是复方中药的适当粒度规格的改变, 并不影响中药配伍, 可充分发挥饮片汤剂的疗效。新型颗粒饮片节约药材、降低能耗, 医疗费用低, 符合现代中国中药发展的需求。此外, 新型颗粒饮片相较于超微粉, 饮片转移率和质量均一性等指标更具有中药临床疗效的稳定性和临床评价的可靠性[19-21]
根据对多批市售金银花制备的新型颗粒饮片的流动性、糊化程度和澄清度的分析, 可以发现它们的流动性趋势一致。其中, 粒径最小的金银花颗粒(24~65目) 具有最好的流动性, 中粒径的金银花颗粒流动性一般, 大粒径的金银花颗粒流动性较差。不同粒径金银花的出膏率与原饮片之间没有显著性差异(P > 0.05), 但小粒径的金银花在煎煮过程中汤液先呈现稀浆糊状, 后逐渐粘底糊化, 破坏金银花汤剂的澄清度并影响汤药的质量和疗效, 不利于临床上使用。传统饮片与中粒径的标准汤剂指纹图谱的相似度大于0.9, 说明金银花新型颗粒饮片中粒径与传统饮片标准汤剂的溶出化学成分非常相似, 二者具有相同的药用物质基础。不同粒径的指标性成分的转移率以绿原酸、3, 5-二-O-咖啡酰奎宁酸和4, 5-二-O-咖啡酰奎宁酸及三者含量总和计算, 新型颗粒饮片指标性成分的转移率均显著优于原饮片(P < 0.001), 这表明新型饮片在煎煮过程中可以高效地释放出活性成分, 从而提高了金银花饮片的药效。综上所述, 从出膏率、均匀性和指标性成分的转移率三个方面考虑, 中粒径的金银花新型颗粒饮片在制备过程中表现出更好的性能。综合考虑颗粒流动性、出膏率、糊化程度、指标性成分含量、药效物质基础、道地药材产区及经济成本等方面的因素, 建议在实际生产中选择产自山东平邑道地产区的金银花作为供应原料, 并以中粒径作为主要的生产规格。
干酵母致热大鼠模型是研究发热的常用动物模型之一, 皮下注射干酵母引起剧烈炎症反应, 内生致热源TNF-α和IL-1β含量显著升高, 促进体温调节介质PGE2的分泌, 诱导体温上升。模型动物表现出的症状与临床相似, 且模型稳定, 是研究清热解毒方药的常用模型[22]。与模型组比, 金银花传统饮片高剂量组与中粒径饮片高剂量组大鼠血清内生致热源TNF-α和IL-1β的含量显著降低, 体温调节介质PGE2的含量显著下降(P < 0.05)。结果表明, 其解热机制可能是通过抑制内生致热源TNF-α和IL-1β的分泌, 进而抑制体温调节介质PGE2发挥解热作用, 本次实验起效剂量为5.4 g·kg-1。耳肿胀和肉芽肿结果显示, 金银花传统饮片与中粒径饮片对二甲苯致小鼠急性炎症模型和大鼠棉球肉芽肿慢性炎症均具有一定的抑制作用, 且两种不同的饮片耳肿胀和肉芽肿质量同剂量之间无明显差异(P > 0.05), 表明金银花新型颗粒饮片与传统饮片的药理作用一致, 饮片物理形态改变并未引起功效差异。但是由于新型颗粒饮片在出膏率和转移率方面显示出了极大的优势, 可以在疗效不变的情况下节约一定用量, 这为中药资源的充分利用和中药产业的健康发展提供了新的思路。
综上所述, 金银花新型颗粒饮片与传统饮片的基本属性和药理作用一致, 可作为合煎使用的饮片。金银花新型颗粒饮片具有流动性好、出膏率高的优势, 资源利用率高、不易糊化、批次间质量均一, 也具备智能化分装等特点, 可降低企业生产和患者用药成本, 具有良好的现代临床应用前景。
作者贡献: 郭志俊负责数据分析及文章撰写; 侯梦梦和高旦负责材料的收集、休止角实验与文章撰写; 吴宇涵负责出膏率与转移率实验; 杨泽敏、王家禄和高波负责指标性成分实验; 李西文负责实验设计及项目开展。
利益冲突: 所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突。
  • 2021年淮北市科技计划(2021HK039)
  • 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金资助(L2022038)
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2024年第59卷第7期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1434
  • 接收时间:2023-12-22
  • 首发时间:2025-11-26
  • 出版时间:2024-07-12
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  • 收稿日期:2023-12-22
  • 修回日期:2024-04-17
基金
2021年淮北市科技计划(2021HK039)
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金资助(L2022038)
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    1.华润三九医药股份有限公司, 广东 深圳 518110
    2.中药配方颗粒安徽省重点实验室, 安徽 淮北 235000
    3.中国中医科学院中药研究所, 北京 100700
    4.华润三九现代中药制药有限公司, 广东 惠州 516000

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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