Article(id=1200860514243965006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1200860506031518620, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1248, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1699113600000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-05, revisedDate=1704297600000, revisedDateStr=2024-01-04, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764237057505, onlineDateStr=2025-11-27, pubDate=1715443200000, pubDateStr=2024-05-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764237057505, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764237057505, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764237057505, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1200860506031518620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2024', volume='59', issue='5', pageStart='1101', pageEnd='1508', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764237055547, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764241222263, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200877982563824311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1200860506031518620, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200877982563824312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1200860506031518620, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1341, endPage=1347, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1200860515569365115, articleId=1200860514243965006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Three new sesquiterpenes from Xylopia vielana Pierre and their effects of farnesoid X receptor activation, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Eleven compounds were isolated from the twigs and leaves of Xylopia vielana Pierre by various chromatographic techniques such as silica gel, ODS and the semi-preparative HPLC. Their chemical structures were identified by HR-ESI-MS, NMR, ECD and other spectroscopic methods as vielana A (1), vielana B (2), vielana C (3), 10-oxo-isodauc-3-en-15-al (4), 1α-hydroxyisodauc-4-en-15-al (5), mokko lactone (6), 11β,13-dihydrocostunolide (7), eurylosesquiterpenol E (8), epi-α-cadinol (9), mustakone (10), 7-epi-amiteo (11). Among them, compounds 1-3 were new compounds, and the rest compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time. Compounds 1 and 2 increased the transcriptional activity of the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) downstream target gene BSEP promoter, indicating that they have potential of FXR activation.

, correspAuthors=Guo-wei WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Ya-ling WANG, Lin CHEN, Chibuzor Stephen, Fan-cheng MENG, Min CHEN, Guo-wei WANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1200860520719970729, articleId=1200860514243965006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=木瓣树中3个新的倍半萜类化合物及其法尼醇X受体激活作用研究, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

采用硅胶、ODS和半制备HPLC等多种色谱学技术从木瓣树枝叶中分离得到了11个化合物。化学结构经高分辨质谱、核磁共振谱、ECD等多种波谱分析方法, 鉴定为: vielana A (1)、vielana B (2)、vielana C (3)、10-oxo-isodauc-3-en-15-al (4)、1α-hydroxyisodauc-4-en-15-al (5)、mokko lactone (6)、11β,13-dihydrocostunolide (7)、eurylosesquiterpenol E (8)、epi-α-cadinol (9)、mustakone (10)、7-epi-amiteo (11)。化合物1~3为新化合物, 其余化合物均首次从木瓣树中分离得到。化合物12增加了法尼醇X受体(farnesoid X receptor, FXR) 下游靶基因BSEP启动子的转录活性, 表明其具有潜在的FXR激活作用。

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No.123
δCδH (J in Hz)δCδH (J in Hz)δCδH (J in Hz)
1200.6143.657.0
2154.8126.77.17, s35.11.35, m
3a134.2137.935.71.98, m,
3b1.68, m
432.02.33, d (10.8)124.67.28, d (5.1)47.01.08, m
552.22.01, dt (4.8, 10.8)128.17.25, dd (4.8, 5.1)67.62.25, t (7.0)
6a22.71.90, d (4.8)128.47.05, d (4.8)74.84.87, d (7.0)
6b1.74, m
720.62.53 t (7.0)52.42.18, m146.3
8a42.92.45, t (7.0)26.82.18, m147.56.76, ddd, (4.2, 2.9, 1.3)
8b1.81, m
9a208.942.12.18, m31.22.81, dddd (20.4, 5.5, 2.9)
9b2.36, dd (20.4, 4.2)
1029.92.13, s209.482.84.07, m
1126.42.32, m29.91.99, s33.91.40, m
1220.80.92, d (7.0)33.61.81, m21.80.91, d (6.7)
1318.80.84, d (7.0)20.90.97, d (6.6)21.00.81, d (6.7)
1421.11.92, s20.80.70, d (6.6)191.19.40, s
15103.35.37, s30.41.25, s
1652.73.32, s
1752.63.32, s
), ArticleFig(id=1201106660426215944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200860514243965006, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) and 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) data of 1, 2 and 3

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No.123
δCδH (J in Hz)δCδH (J in Hz)δCδH (J in Hz)
1200.6143.657.0
2154.8126.77.17, s35.11.35, m
3a134.2137.935.71.98, m,
3b1.68, m
432.02.33, d (10.8)124.67.28, d (5.1)47.01.08, m
552.22.01, dt (4.8, 10.8)128.17.25, dd (4.8, 5.1)67.62.25, t (7.0)
6a22.71.90, d (4.8)128.47.05, d (4.8)74.84.87, d (7.0)
6b1.74, m
720.62.53 t (7.0)52.42.18, m146.3
8a42.92.45, t (7.0)26.82.18, m147.56.76, ddd, (4.2, 2.9, 1.3)
8b1.81, m
9a208.942.12.18, m31.22.81, dddd (20.4, 5.5, 2.9)
9b2.36, dd (20.4, 4.2)
1029.92.13, s209.482.84.07, m
1126.42.32, m29.91.99, s33.91.40, m
1220.80.92, d (7.0)33.61.81, m21.80.91, d (6.7)
1318.80.84, d (7.0)20.90.97, d (6.6)21.00.81, d (6.7)
1421.11.92, s20.80.70, d (6.6)191.19.40, s
15103.35.37, s30.41.25, s
1652.73.32, s
1752.63.32, s
), ArticleFig(id=1201106660593988118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200860514243965006, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GroupDose/μmol·L-1Relative fluorescence value
Basic-0.220 ± 0.014
Control-1.000 ± 0.061
1201.369 ± 0.234**
2201.439 ± 0.257**
3201.099 ± 0.183
4201.008 ± 0.015
5201.081 ± 0.057
6201.142 ± 0.129
7200.870 ± 0.049
8201.088 ± 0.170
9201.055 ± 0.114
10200.736 ± 0.039
11201.102 ± 0.102
), ArticleFig(id=1201106660736594462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200860514243965006, language=CN, label=Table 2, caption=

The relative fluorescence value of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) downstream target gene BSEP promoter. n = 5, $ \stackrel{-}{x} $ ± s; **P < 0.01 vs control group

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GroupDose/μmol·L-1Relative fluorescence value
Basic-0.220 ± 0.014
Control-1.000 ± 0.061
1201.369 ± 0.234**
2201.439 ± 0.257**
3201.099 ± 0.183
4201.008 ± 0.015
5201.081 ± 0.057
6201.142 ± 0.129
7200.870 ± 0.049
8201.088 ± 0.170
9201.055 ± 0.114
10200.736 ± 0.039
11201.102 ± 0.102
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木瓣树中3个新的倍半萜类化合物及其法尼醇X受体激活作用研究
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王亚玲 , 陈琳 , Chibuzor Stephen , 孟凡成 , 陈敏 , 王国伟 *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2024,59(5): 1341-1347
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2024, 59(5): 1341-1347
木瓣树中3个新的倍半萜类化合物及其法尼醇X受体激活作用研究
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王亚玲, 陈琳, Chibuzor Stephen, 孟凡成, 陈敏, 王国伟*
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  • 西南大学药学院, 重庆 400715

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*通讯作者E-mail:
Three new sesquiterpenes from Xylopia vielana Pierre and their effects of farnesoid X receptor activation
Ya-ling WANG, Lin CHEN, Chibuzor Stephen, Fan-cheng MENG, Min CHEN, Guo-wei WANG*
Affiliations
  • Southwest University College of Pharmaceutical Science, Chongqing 400715, China
出版时间: 2024-05-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1248
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采用硅胶、ODS和半制备HPLC等多种色谱学技术从木瓣树枝叶中分离得到了11个化合物。化学结构经高分辨质谱、核磁共振谱、ECD等多种波谱分析方法, 鉴定为: vielana A (1)、vielana B (2)、vielana C (3)、10-oxo-isodauc-3-en-15-al (4)、1α-hydroxyisodauc-4-en-15-al (5)、mokko lactone (6)、11β,13-dihydrocostunolide (7)、eurylosesquiterpenol E (8)、epi-α-cadinol (9)、mustakone (10)、7-epi-amiteo (11)。化合物1~3为新化合物, 其余化合物均首次从木瓣树中分离得到。化合物12增加了法尼醇X受体(farnesoid X receptor, FXR) 下游靶基因BSEP启动子的转录活性, 表明其具有潜在的FXR激活作用。

木瓣树  /  化学成分  /  倍半萜类  /  法尼醇X受体

Eleven compounds were isolated from the twigs and leaves of Xylopia vielana Pierre by various chromatographic techniques such as silica gel, ODS and the semi-preparative HPLC. Their chemical structures were identified by HR-ESI-MS, NMR, ECD and other spectroscopic methods as vielana A (1), vielana B (2), vielana C (3), 10-oxo-isodauc-3-en-15-al (4), 1α-hydroxyisodauc-4-en-15-al (5), mokko lactone (6), 11β,13-dihydrocostunolide (7), eurylosesquiterpenol E (8), epi-α-cadinol (9), mustakone (10), 7-epi-amiteo (11). Among them, compounds 1-3 were new compounds, and the rest compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time. Compounds 1 and 2 increased the transcriptional activity of the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) downstream target gene BSEP promoter, indicating that they have potential of FXR activation.

Xylopia vielana Pierre  /  chemical constituent  /  sesquiterpene  /  farnesoid X receptor
王亚玲, 陈琳, Chibuzor Stephen, 孟凡成, 陈敏, 王国伟. 木瓣树中3个新的倍半萜类化合物及其法尼醇X受体激活作用研究. 药学学报, 2024 , 59 (5) : 1341 -1347 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1248
Ya-ling WANG, Lin CHEN, Chibuzor Stephen, Fan-cheng MENG, Min CHEN, Guo-wei WANG. Three new sesquiterpenes from Xylopia vielana Pierre and their effects of farnesoid X receptor activation[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2024 , 59 (5) : 1341 -1347 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1248
木瓣树(Xylopia vielana Pierre) 番荔枝科木瓣树属乔木, 分布于热带和亚热带地区[1]。木瓣树枝叶有镇痛、治疗风湿病、疟疾、免疫性疾病等功效[2]。现代植物化学研究表明, 木瓣树枝叶中富含萜类[3-6]、黄酮类[7]和生物碱类[8, 9]化合物, 其中有多种骨架类型的倍半萜被认为是其主要的活性成分。实验室前期研究结果表明从木瓣树中分离得到的倍半萜类化合物通过激活法尼醇X受体(FXR) 相关通路缓解了α-萘基异硫氰酸酯(α-naphthylisothiocyanate, ANIT) 诱导的小鼠胆汁淤积[10]
胆汁酸受体FXR在肝脏、小肠和肾脏中高度表达, 参与胆汁酸合成、转运和代谢过程, 维持体内胆汁酸稳态。许多有FXR调节作用的化合物已经证实, 激活FXR可以改善非酒精性脂肪性肝炎、原发性胆汁性胆管炎和糖尿病患者的胆汁酸、葡萄糖、脂质代谢, 并减少炎症[11]。FXR的激活被证明对胆结石和炎症性肠道疾病也有益[12, 13]。因此, FXR是治疗肝脏和肠道疾病的重要靶点[14]。本文对从木瓣树中分离到的11个倍半萜进行了初步的FXR激动作用研究, 双荧光素酶报告基因实验结果表明化合物12有潜在的FXR激活作用。
化合物1   无色油状物。HR-ESI-MS给出准分子离子峰m/z 223.169 2 [M+H]+(计算值C14H23O2, 233.169 3), 推测其分子式为C14H22O2, 不饱和度为4。化合物11H NMR谱(400 MHz, CDCl3, 表 1) 显示了4个甲基氢信号δH 2.13 (3H, s, H-10)、1.92 (3H, s, H-14)、0.92 (3H, d, J = 7.0 Hz, H-12)、0.84 (3H, d, J = 7.0 Hz, H-13), 4个亚甲基氢信号2.53 (2H, t, J = 7.0 Hz, H-7)、2.45 (2H, t, J = 7.0 Hz, H-8)、2.33 (2H, d, J = 10.8 Hz, H-4)、1.90 (1H, d, J = 4.8 Hz, H-6a)、1.74 (1H, m, H-6b) 和2个次甲基氢信号2.32 (1H, m, H-11)、2.01 (1H, dt, J = 10.8, 4.8 Hz, H-5)。13C NMR谱(100 MHz, CDCl3, 表 1) 给出了14个碳共振信号, 结合DEPT谱提示化合物1有4个甲基δC 29.9 (C-10)、20.8 (C-12)、18.8 (C-13)、21.1 (C-14), 4个亚甲基32.0 (C-4)、22.7 (C-6)、20.6 (C-7)、42.9 (C-8), 2个次甲基52.2 (C-5)、26.4 (C-11), 2个羰基200.6 (C-1)、208.9 (C-9) 和1个双键154.8 (C-2), 134.2 (C-3)。以上数据与已知化合物7(S)-(hydroxypropanyl)-3-methyl-2-(4-oxopentyl) cyclohex-2-en-1-one[15]的波谱数据相似, 主要区别是已知化合物在链上多一个碳信号, 在C-11位多一个羟基信号。
在化合物1 (图 1) 的1H-1H COSY谱(图 2) 中可以观察到H6/H5/H11/H12/H13这组自旋耦合体系, 结合HMBC谱中, H-12与C-5/C-11/C-13相关, H-13与C-5/C-11/C-12相关, 提示C-5位连接了一个异丙基; H-7与C1/C2/C3/C-8/C-9相关, H-8与C-2/C-7/C-9相关, H-10与C-8/C-9相关, 表明C7-C8-C9-C10连成一条链, 与C-2位相连, 由此确定了化合物1的平面结构。化合物1的绝对构型可通过比较实验测试的ECD曲线与ECD的计算结果来确定, 化合物1的实验ECD光谱在219 nm处显示负Cotton效应, 在242 mn处显示正Cotton效应, 5S-1的玻尔兹曼平均ECD谱与实验曲线相似(图 3)。因此化合物1的绝对构型被确定为5S, 命名为vielana A。
化合物2   无色油状物。HR-ESI-MS给出准分子离子峰m/z 301.177 3 [M+Na]+ (计算值C17H26O3Na, 301.177 4), 推测其分子式为C17H26O3, 不饱和度为5。化合物21H NMR谱(400 MHz, CDCl3, 表 1) 显示了2个甲氧基氢信号δH 3.32 (6H, s, H-16, 17), 3个甲基氢信号1.99 (3H, s, H-11)、0.97 (3H, d, J = 6.6 Hz, H-13)、0.70 (3H, d, J = 6.6 Hz, H-14), 4个芳香质子信号7.28 (1H, d, J = 5.1 Hz, H-4)、7.25 (1H, dd, J = 5.1, 4.8 Hz, H-5)、7.17 (1H, s, H-2)、7.05 (1H, d, J = 4.8 Hz, H-6), 2个亚甲基氢信号2.18 (1H, m, H-8a)、1.81 (1H, m, H-8b), 2.18 (2H, m, H-9) 和3个次甲基氢信号2.18 (1H, m, H-7)、1.81 (1H, m, H-12)、5.37 (1H, s, H-15)。13C NMR谱(100 MHz, CDCl3, 表 1) 给出了17个碳共振信号, 结合DEPT谱提示化合物2有3个甲基δC 29.9 (C-11)、20.9 (C-13)、20.8 (C-14), 2个甲氧基52.7 (C-16)、52.6 (C-17), 2个亚甲基26.8 (C-8)、42.1 (C-9), 7个次甲基126.7 (C-2)、124.6 (C-4)、128.1 (C-5)、128.4 (C-6)、52.4 (C-7)、33.6 (C-12)、103.3 (C-15), 1个羰基209.4 (C-10) 和2个季碳143.6 (C-1)、137.9 (C-3)。以上数据与已知化合物sesquichamaenol[16]的波谱数据相似, 主要区别是化合物2在苯环上多两个甲氧基信号(16-OCH3, 17-OCH3), 少一个羟基和甲基信号。
化合物2的HMBC谱(图 2) 中显示, H-16/H-17与C-15相关, H-15与C-2/C-4/C-16/C-17/相关, 表明两个甲氧基与C-15相连, C-15连接在苯环的C-3位。由此确定了化合物2的平面结构(图 1)。计算ECD结果显示化合物2在204 nm处显示正Cotton效应, 在237 nm显示负Cotton效应, 7S-2的玻尔兹曼平均ECD谱与实验曲线高度相似(图 3)。化合物2与其结构类似的已知化合物sesquichamaenol都只有一个手性碳且在相同位置, 通过对比两个化合物的比旋光度值, sesquichamaenol [α]$ {}_{\mathrm{D}}^{22} $ -5.95° (c 0.042, CH2Cl2), 化合物2 [α]$ {}_{\mathrm{D}}^{20} $ -10.45° (c 0.3, CH2Cl2), 推断出化合物2的绝对构型与已知化合物sesquichamaenol相同[16], 为S构型。进一步用计算碳谱进行验证, 经计算碳谱和DP4+分析后, 7位S构型的可能性是96.73%, 认为可信, 最终推断出化合物2的绝对构型为7S, 命名为vielana B。
化合物3   无色油状物。HR-ESI-MS给出准分子离子峰m/z 275.161 7 [M+Na]+ (计算值C15H24O3Na, 275.161 7), 推测其分子式为C15H24O3, 不饱和度为4。化合物31H NMR谱(400 MHz, CDCl3, 表 1) 显示了3个甲基氢信号δH 1.25 (3H, s, H-15)、0.91 (3H, d, J = 6.7 Hz, H-12)、0.81 (3H, d, J = 6.7 Hz, H-13), 1个醛基氢信号9.40 (1H, s, H-14), 1个双键氢信号6.76 (1H, ddd, J = 4.2, 2.9, 1.3 Hz, H-8), 3个亚甲基氢信号2.81 (1H, dddd, J = 20.4, 5.5, 2.9 Hz, H-9a)、2.36 (1H, dd, J = 20.4, 4.2 Hz, H-9b)、1.98 (1H, m, H-3a), 1.68 (1H, m, H-3b)、1.35 (2H, m, H-2) 和5个次甲基氢信号4.87 (1H, d, J = 7.0 Hz, H-6)、4.07 (1H, m, H-10)、2.25 (1H, t, J = 7.0 Hz, H-5)、1.40 (1H, m, H-11)、1.08 (1H, m, H-4)。13C NMR谱(100 MHz, CDCl3, 表 1) 给出了15个碳共振信号, 结合DEPT谱提示化合物3有3个甲基δC 21.8 (C-12)、21.0 (C-13)、30.4 (C-15), 3个亚甲基35.1 (C-2)、35.7 (C-3)、31.2 (C-9), 5个次甲基47.0 (C-4)、67.6 (C-5)、74.8 (C-6)、82.8 (C-10)、33.9 (C-11), 1个醛基191.1 (C-14) 和1个双键146.3 (C-7), 147.5 (C-8)。以上数据与已知化合物amouanglienoid A[17]的波谱数据相似, 主要区别是化合物3在C-6 (δC 74.8) 和C-10 (δC 82.8) 位连接了两个羟基, 由此推出化合物3的平面结构(图 1)。
化合物3的NOESY (图 2) 谱显示H-5/H-15相关, H-6/H-12相关, H-10/H-15相关, 提示化合物3的相对构型为1α, 6α, 5β, 6β, 10β。最后通过比较实验测试ECD曲线和计算ECD的结果来确定化合物3的绝对构型, 化合物3在208 nm处和228 nm处显示正Cotton效应, 在219 nm处显示负Cotton效应, 1R, 4S, 5S, 6S, 10S-3的玻尔兹曼平均ECD谱与实验曲线高度相似(图 3)。因此化合物3的绝对构型被确定为1R, 4S, 5S, 6S, 10S, 命名为vielana C。
通过双荧光素酶报告基因实验对化合物1~11激活FXR的能力进行评价。FXR转录复合物与下游靶基因BSEP启动子区域结合, 会促进靶基因的表达[18]。通过在萤火虫荧光素酶表达序列前方插入FXR靶基因BSEP的启动子特定片段, 构建报告基因质粒, 检测萤火虫荧光素酶的化学发光值与内参海肾荧光素酶的化学发光值比值来判断靶基因激活程度, 结果如表 2所示。与正常对照组相比, 给予化合物12处理后, BSEP启动子的萤火虫荧光素酶发光值与内参海肾荧光素酶发光值的比值显著增加(P < 0.01), 结果表明化合物12可激活FXR, 从而增加其下游靶基因BSEP启动子的转录活性。
FXR已被公认为是治疗各种代谢性疾病如糖尿病、非酒精性脂肪肝、慢性肾脏疾病的潜力药物靶点。近年来, 大量的FXR配体被开发并进入临床试验。然而, 由于长期给药的不良反应, 开发靶向FXR的药物仍然很迫切。根据其化学结构, FXR激动剂可分为甾体和非甾体类药物。大多数甾体候选药物显示出不良反应, 因此希望从天然产物中发现有FXR激活作用的先导化合物。
岛津液相色谱仪(检测器: SPD-20A, 泵: LC-20AD, 控制器: CBM-20A, 日本岛津), Bruker Avance-400M型核磁共振仪, Bruker impact Ⅱ高分辨质谱仪(Bruker公司, 德国), WZZ-3自动旋光仪(上海仪电物理光学仪器有限公司), 快速中压制备层析系统(苏州利穗科技有限公司), YMC-Pack ODS-A色谱柱(250 mm × 10 mm, 5 μm), LIBBOR-PL203型精密电子天平(岛津公司, 日本), RE-2000A型旋转蒸发仪, 薄层色谱硅胶GF254, 柱色谱硅胶200~300目、300~400目(青岛海洋化工厂); 甲醇(制备纯) 及所用其他分析纯试剂均为成都科隆化学品有限公司生产。木瓣树枝叶2018年购买自中国广西东兴市, 鉴定为番荔枝科木瓣树属木瓣树, 标本保存于西南大学药学院。
木瓣树干燥枝叶(5 kg) 粉碎后, 用95%乙醇浸渍提取3次。提取液经减压浓缩得到粗浸膏(163.2 g), 悬浮于水中, 依次用石油醚、二氯甲烷和乙酸乙酯进行萃取, 得到石油醚部位50.3 g、二氯甲烷部位55.1 g和乙酸乙酯部位42.9 g。
取二氯甲烷部位经硅胶柱色谱分离, 以石油醚-乙酸乙酯系统(100∶1, 80∶1, 60∶1, 40∶1, 20∶1, 10∶1, 5∶1, 2∶1, 1∶1) 梯度洗脱, 通过TLC合并相似成分得到Fr. A~Fr. M共13个馏分。取Fr. G (4.96 g) 通过300~400目硅胶柱色谱分离, 以石油醚-乙酸乙酯系统(1∶0→0∶1) 为流动相, 进行梯度洗脱得到11个亚组分: Fr.G1~Fr.G11。选取其中Fr.G9 (245 mg), 经过HPLC分离(YMC ODS, 54%甲醇, 2 mL·min-1) 得到化合物1 (3.0 mg, tR = 31.0 min)、化合物2 (3.0 mg, tR = 32.4 min)、化合物7 (3.0 mg, tR = 53.2 min)。Fr.G8 (130 mg) 经过HPLC分离(YMC ODS, 75%甲醇, 2 mL·min-1) 得到化合物3 (3.0 mg, tR = 52.1 min)。Fr.D (4.12 g)经硅胶柱色谱分离, 以石油醚-乙酸乙酯系统(1∶0→0∶1) 为流动相, 进行梯度洗脱得到15个亚组分: Fr.D1~Fr.D15。选取其中Fr.D15 (320 mg), 经过HPLC分离(YMC ODS, 63%甲醇, 2 mL·min-1) 得到化合物4 (5.0 mg, tR = 28.7 min)、化合物5 (3.0 mg, tR = 29.9 min)、化合物6 (4.0 mg, tR = 34.0 min)。Fr.M (9.70 g) 经硅胶柱色谱分离, 以石油醚-乙酸乙酯系统(1∶0→0∶1) 为流动相, 进行梯度洗脱得到20个亚组分: Fr.M1~Fr.M20。选取其中Fr.M15 (164.0 mg), 经过HPLC分离(YMC ODS, 60%甲醇, 2 mL·min-1) 得到化合物8 (7.0 mg, tR = 35.3 min) 和化合物9 (4.0 mg, tR = 38.2 min)。Fr.M16 (170.0 mg), 经过HPLC分离(YMC ODS, 72%甲醇, 2 mL·min-1) 得到化合物10 (10.0 mg, tR = 44.0 min) 和化合物11 (4.0 mg, tR = 47.3 min)。
化合物1   无色油状物。HR-ESI-MS给出准分子离子峰m/z 223.169 2 [M+H]+ (计算值C14H23O2, 223.169 3), 推测其分子式为C14H22O2; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3)和13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) 数据见表 1
化合物2   无色油状物。HR-ESI-MS给出准分子离子峰m/z 301.177 3 [M+Na]+ (计算值C17H26O3Na, 301.177 4), 推测其分子式为C17H26O3; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 和13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) 数据见表 1
化合物3   无色油状。HR-ESI-MS给出准分子离子峰m/z 275.161 7 [M+Na]+ (计算值C15H24O3Na, 275.161 7), 推测其分子式为C15H24O3; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 和13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) 数据见表 1
化合物4   无色油状, 分子式为C15H22O21H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δH 9.35 (1H, s, H-14), 6.63 (1H, dd, J = 5.5, 1.0 Hz, H-6), 2.80 (2H, m, H-2), 2.53 (2H, m, H-3), 2.50 (1H, m, H-4), 2.23(1H, m, H-5), 1.66 (1H, m, H-11), 1.32 (3H, s, H-15), 0.95 (3H, d, J = 0.8 Hz, H-12), 0.93 (3H, d, J = 0.9 Hz, H-13); 13C NMR (CDCl3, 100 MHz) δC 59.7(C-1), 26.9 (C-2), 19.9 (C-3), 53.4 (C-4), 55.5 (C-5), 158.6 (C-6), 143.9 (C-7), 35.4 (C-8), 39.1 (C-9), 212.3 (C-10), 32.5 (C-11), 22.1 (C-12), 19.6 (C-13), 192.9 (C-14), 25.2 (C-15)。以上数据与文献[19]进行对比, 确定该化合物为10-oxo-isodauc-3-en-15-al。
化合物5   无色油状, 分子式为C15H24O21H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δH 9.36 (1H, s, H-14), 6.60 (1H, m, H-6), 3.50 (1H, dd, J = 3.8, 7.3Hz, H-10), 2.96 (1H, m, H-8a), 2.24 (1H, dd, J = 10.2, 5.2 Hz, H-5), 2.05 (1H, m, H-4), 1.94 (1H, m, H-3a), 1.82 (3H, m, H-2a, H-8b, H-9a), 1.62 (1H, m, H-11), 1.51 (2H, m, H-2b, H-3b), 1.26 (1H, m, H-9b), 0.89 (6H, t, J = 0.9 Hz, H-12, H-13), 0.73 (3H, s, H-15); 13C NMR (CDCl3, 100 MHz) δC 49.5 (C-1), 39.6 (C-2), 25.1 (C-3), 50.4 (C-4), 50.1 (C-5), 159.6 (C-6), 143.9 (C-7), 19.7 (C-8), 29.0 (C-9), 83.4 (C-10), 32.3 (C-11), 19.5 (C-12), 21.7 (C-13), 193.2 (C-14), 13.5 (C-15)。以上数据与文献[20]进行对比, 确定该化合物为1α-hydroxyisodauc-4-en-15-al。
化合物6   无色油状, 分子式为C15H20O21H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δH 5.20 (1H, d, J = 1.9 Hz, H-15a), 5.04 (1H, d, J = 1.7 Hz, H-15b), 4.88 (1H, brs, H-14a), 3.92 (1H, t, J = 9.5 Hz, H-6), 4.78 (1H, brs, H-14b), 2.88 (1H, dt, J = 8.0, 4.7 Hz, H-l), 2.81 (1H, d, J =9.1 Hz, H-5), 2.49 (3H, m, H-3, 11), 2.21 (1H, dd, J = 11.7, 7.0 Hz, H-9), 2.10 (1H, m, H-7), 2.03 (1H, dd, J = 12.3, 5.1 Hz, H-9), 1.96 (1H, m, H-2), 1.94 (1H, m, H-8), 1.87 (1H, m, H-2), 1.30 (1H, m, H-8), 1.24 (3H, d, J = 7.0 Hz, H-13); 13C NMR (CDCl3, 100 MHz) δC 47.3 (C-1), 30.3 (C-2), 32.6 (C-3, 8), 151.8 (C-4), 52.1 (C-5), 85.3 (C-6), 42.2 (C-7), 37.7 (C-9), 150.1 (C-10), 50.1 (C-11), 178.7 (C-12), 13.4 (C-13), 112.0 (C-14), 109.3 (C-15)。以上数据与文献[21]进行对比, 确定该化合物为mokko lactone。
化合物7   无色油状, 分子式为C15H22O21H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δH 4.82 (1H, m, H-1), 4.64 (1H, dq, J = 10.0, 1.4 Hz, H-5), 4.55 (1H, dd, J =9.9, 8.6 Hz, H-6), 2.37 (1H, dq, J = 13.2, 7.2 Hz, H-11), 2.31 (1H, m, H-9a), 2.27 (1H, m, H-3a), 2.25 (1H, m, H-3b), 2.10 (4H, m, H-2a, H-2b, H-7, H-9b), 1.90 (1H, m, H-8a), 1.69 (3H, d, J = 1.4 Hz, H-15), 1.68 (1H, m, H-8b), 1.42 (3H, s, H-14), 1.26 (3H, d, J = 7.0Hz, H-13); 13C NMR (CDCl3, 100 MHz) δC 127.2 (C-1), 28.7 (C-2), 39.7 (C-3), 140.4 (C-4), 127.5 (C-5), 81.6 (C-6), 54.9 (C-7), 26.3 (C-8), 41.3 (C-9), 137.0 (C-10), 42.5 (C-11), 178.7 (C-12), 13.4 (C-13), 16.3 (C-14), 17.4 (C-15)。以上数据与文献[22]进行对比, 确定该化合物为11β,13-dihydrocostunolide。
化合物8   无色油状, 分子式为C15H24O21H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δH 6.88(1H, t, J = 1.7 Hz, H-5), 2.61 (1H, dd, J = 16.4, 3.4 Hz, H-2a), 2.38 (1H, m, H-2b), 2.39 (1H, d, J = 2.6 Hz, H-1), 2.25 (1H, m), 1.78 (3H, dd, J = 2.5, 1.3 Hz, H-14), 1.75 (1H, m, H-9a), 1.47 (1H, m, H-9b), 1.71 (1H, m, H-6), 1.50 (2H, m, H-8), 1.19 (3H, s, H-15), 1.17 (1H, m, H-7), 0.98 (3H, d, J = 6.9 Hz, H-12), 0.85 (3H, d, J = 6.9 Hz, H-13); 13C NMR (CDCl3, 100 MHz) δC 38.9 (C-1), 38.6 (C-2), 200.7 (C-3), 135.1 (C-4), 147.3 (C-5), 49.9 (C-6), 45.2 (C-7), 19.5 (C-8), 40.0 (C-9), 70.1 (C-10), 26.6 (C-11), 21.5 (C-12), 15.4 (C-13), 16.1 (C-14), 28.2 (C-15)。以上数据与文献[23]进行对比, 确定该化合物为eurylosesquiterpenol E。
化合物9   无色油状, 分子式为C15H26O。1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δH 5.5 (1H, s, H-5), 2.20 (1H, m, H-6), 1.97 (5H, m, H-1, 2, 3), 1.76 (1H, m, H-11), 1.67 (3H, s, H-14), 1.63 (5H, m, H-7, 8, 9), 1.22 (3H, s, H-15), 0.91 (3H, d, J = 6.9 Hz, H-11), 0.79 (3H, d, J = 6.9 Hz, H-13); 13C NMR (CDCl3, 100 MHz) δC 48.0 (C-1), 22.6 (C-2), 30.9 (C-3), 134.3 (C-4), 122.7 (C-5), 46.7 (C-6), 37.8 (C-7), 19.8 (C-8), 40.3 (C-9), 70.7 (C-10), 23.7 (C-11), 21.4 (C-12), 15.2 (C-13), 28.5 (C-14), 26.2 (C-15)。以上数据与文献[24]进行对比, 确定该化合物为epi-α-cadinol。
化合物10   无色油状, 分子式为C15H22O。1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δH 5.75 (1H, s, H-3), 2.70 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz, H-1), 2.67 (1H, s, H-6), 1.98 (3H, s, H-14), 1.97 (1H, dd, J = 1.4, 6.7 Hz, H-5), 1.75 (2H, m, H-9), 1.64 (1H, m, H-7), 1.59 (2H, m, H-8), 1.52 (1H, m, H-11), 0.94 (3H, s, H-15), 0.87 (3H, d, J = 5.4 Hz, H-12), 0.85 (3H, d, J = 5.4 Hz, H-13); 13C NMR (CDCl3, 100 MHz) δC 56.7 (C-1), 204.1 (C-2), 121.6 (C-3), 170.0 (C-4), 56.2 (C-5), 54.7 (C-6), 45.6 (C-7), 22.2 (C-8), 36.9 (C-9), 57.4 (C-10), 31.9 (C-11), 19.7 (C-12), 20.1 (C-13), 20.5 (C-14), 23.8 (C-15)。以上数据与文献[25]进行对比, 确定该化合物为mustakone。
化合物11   无色油状, 分子式为C15H26O。1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δH 4.90 (2H, d, H-12), 2.21 (1H, m, H-3), 1.75 (3H, s, H-13), 1.58 (13H, m, H-1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9), 1.10 (3H, s, H-14), 0.93 (3H, s, H-15); 13C NMR (CDCl3, 100 MHz) δC 40.3 (C-1), 22.7 (C-2), 39.3 (C-3), 23.5 (C-4), 49.2 (C-5), 72.1 (C-6), 43.6 (C-7), 20.1 (C-8), 41.4 (C-9), 35.3 (C-10), 146.9 (C-11), 110.8 (C-12), 22.3 (C-13), 18.4 (C-14), 22.8 (C-15)。以上数据与文献[26]进行对比, 确定该化合物为7-epi-amiteo。
FXR过表达质粒由吉满生物科技(上海) 有限公司构建提供。50 mL灭菌EP管中加入10 mL含氨苄霉素的LB肉汤, 用枪头挑取琼脂平板上单克隆菌体加入到LB肉汤中, 将EP管置于37 ℃, 200 r·min-1的摇床中, 过夜摇菌培养。BSEP启动子质粒与海肾内参质粒甘油菌液由武汉金开瑞生物工程有限公司构建提供。LB琼脂培养基微波炉加热熔化, 降温至60 ℃左右后加入氨苄霉素混匀, 倒于灭菌培养皿中待其冷却凝固。从冰箱-20 ℃取出启动子质粒甘油菌液和海肾质粒甘油菌液, 用涂布棒蘸取菌液均匀涂布于LB琼脂平板表面, 然后放入37 ℃培养箱中, 倒扣过夜培养。用枪头挑取平板上单克隆菌体, 加入10 mL含氨苄霉素的LB肉汤, 200 r·min-1过夜摇菌培养。
根据天根小提质粒试剂盒说明书, 分别提取菌液中FXR过表达质粒、启动子质粒和海肾内参质粒, 最后用ddH2O溶解质粒, 测定各自DNA的浓度, 分装后置于-20 ℃保存。
HEK293T细胞用DMEM完全培养基(1%双抗, 10%胎牛血清), 置于37 ℃, 5% CO2细胞培养箱中培养, 观察细胞的状态, 当细胞密度达到80%左右, 弃去原培养基, 加入1 mL完全培养基终止反应并传代。
当96孔细胞培养板孔内细胞密度达到70%~80%时, 可进行质粒的转染。吸去原培养基, 用减血清转染专用培养基(不含双抗) 稀释转染试剂和质粒。每孔中瞬时共转染FXR过表达质粒∶BSEP启动子质粒∶海肾内参质粒= 100 ng∶100 ng∶10 ng, 共210 ng DNA。
转染6 h后, 除对照组更换为正常DMEM完全培养基外, 化合物组分别给予含20 μmol·L-1化合物的DMEM完全培养基。置于细胞培养箱中继续培养24 h。
取出细胞培养板, 室温下放置10 min, 按碧云天双荧光素酶报告基因检测试剂盒说明, 使用具有检测化学发光功能的多功能酶标仪测定每孔中萤火虫荧光素酶和海肾荧光素酶的化学发光值, 将海肾萤光素酶的化学发光值作为内参, 以萤火虫萤光素酶RLU值除以海肾萤光素酶RLU值, 根据两者比值来反映不同化合物间FXR的激活程度。
实验数据均以“均数±标准差(SD)”表示, 采用SPSS 22.0统计软件对数据进行分析, 两组间比较选用单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA), P < 0.05被认为有统计学差异。
Chemdraw3D获取化合物三维结构, 用分子力学方法在MM2力场下进行粗略优化, 用SYBYL-X 2.0搜索化合物构象, 选择能量在10 kcal·mol-1以内的进行DFT构象优化, 3个化合物分别得到了76、352、174个初始构象, 基于OPLS-2005力场提供的吉布斯自由能得到的各个构象的玻尔兹曼分布, 排除重复构象, 取玻尔兹曼分布大于1%的构象, 最后分别得到4、3、8个构象用于进一步优化。所选构象的再优化及后续的密度泛函计算均采用Gaussian软件在B3LYP/6-31+G(d, p) 水平上进行。最后用Origin软件根据玻尔兹曼分布加权拟合出ECD谱图。
化合物2两种构象的搜索及优化同ECD计算的前处理方法, 取玻尔兹曼分布在2%左右的构象, 分别得到了8、7个构象, 用Gaussian 09软件在B3LYP/6-31+G(d) 理论级别下优化分子构象, 用DP4+将化合物2实测碳谱数据与计算的碳谱数据进行对比, 溶剂模型为氘代氯仿, 得出置信度最高的为化合物构象。
作者贡献: 王亚玲负责化合物的分离、鉴定和文章撰写; 陈琳负责对化合物FXR激动活性进行筛选; Chibuzor Stephen对化合物提取分离提供了一定帮助; 孟凡成对化合物绝对构型的确定提供了帮助; 王国伟、陈敏对课题进行监管给予实验指导, 同时负责文章审阅和稿件修改。
利益冲突: 不存在任何利益冲突。
  • 国家自然科学基金面上项目(82073724)
  • 国家自然科学基金联合基金资助项目(U20A20401)
  • 西南大学自然科学领域—校级青年领军团队项目(SWU-XJLJ202306)
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2024年第59卷第5期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1248
  • 接收时间:2023-11-05
  • 首发时间:2025-11-27
  • 出版时间:2024-05-12
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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-05
  • 修回日期:2024-01-04
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国家自然科学基金面上项目(82073724)
国家自然科学基金联合基金资助项目(U20A20401)
西南大学自然科学领域—校级青年领军团队项目(SWU-XJLJ202306)
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    西南大学药学院, 重庆 400715

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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