Article(id=1201096920497349171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1201096916940579367, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1235, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1698854400000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-02, revisedDate=1704124800000, revisedDateStr=2024-01-02, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764293421148, onlineDateStr=2025-11-28, pubDate=1712851200000, pubDateStr=2024-04-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764293421148, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764293421148, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764293421148, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1201096916940579367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2024', volume='59', issue='4', pageStart='789', pageEnd='1100', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764293420298, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764293534792, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1201097397242912862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1201096916940579367, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1201097397242912863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1201096916940579367, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=811, endPage=821, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1201096921030025784, articleId=1201096920497349171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Progress in the effects of trace elements for modulating biological functions on organisms, columnId=1190335348648547107, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Reviews, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Trace elements (TEs), also known as micronutrients in biology, are trace components required by the human body, accounting for 0.005% to 0.01% of body weight. Although TEs are present in small quantities in the human body, they play significant roles in cellular metabolism, enzyme activity regulation, immune function, nerve conduction, and bone health. In this review, the effects of TEs (zinc, iron, magnesium, selenium, copper, chromium, and manganese) for modulating biological functions on organisms are comprehensively analyzed and summarized. The mechanisms of various TEs in immune system, enzymatic reaction, oxidative stress, physical growth, and blood glucose regulation are deeply discussed, emphasizing the indispensable role of TEs in maintaining normal physiological functions of body. In addition, the future research directions of TEs are also prospected, including the mechanism of action, intake, metabolism, and storage of TEs at the cellular level. This review will provide useful information to further understand the biological effects and the application of TEs.

, correspAuthors=Zhong-gao GAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Shuang-qing WANG, Nuo-ya WANG, Ji-shan YIN, Zhong-gao GAO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1201096923408196225, articleId=1201096920497349171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=微量元素对机体调节的生物学效应研究进展, columnId=1190335349655180086, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=综述, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

微量元素(trace elements, TEs) 在生物学中也被称为微量营养素, 是人体所需的微量成分, 占体重的0.005%~0.01%。TEs虽然在人体中含量较少, 却在细胞代谢、酶活性调节、免疫功能、神经传导和骨骼健康等方面发挥着重要作用。本综述全面分析和总结了TEs (锌、铁、镁、硒、铜、铬和锰) 对机体调节的生物学影响, 深入探讨了各种TEs在免疫系统、酶促反应、氧化应激、机体发育和血糖调节等方面的作用机制, 强调了TEs对维持机体正常生理功能的不可或缺性。此外, 本文还展望了TEs未来的研究方向, 包括对TEs在细胞水平作用机制、摄入量、代谢和存储等。本综述进一步为探索TEs的生物学效应和开发相关的应用提供方向。

, correspAuthors=高钟镐, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*高钟镐, Tel: 86-10-63026505, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《药学学报》编辑部2024, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=Rddb2Nkt7/RqZObSCH1VSw==, magXml=VsltYos/0mdCgGpOidKU2w==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=XO2YXYULCjm3QpdaHQLQUA==, pdfFileSize=1588101, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=iXKCyn2A6hpyafkOwcDDcQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=iju1gPiylMKjC8hT5j9FIg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=王双庆, 王诺娅, 尹吉山, 高钟镐)}, authors=[Author(id=1201096923961844383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1201096924112839335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, authorId=1201096923961844383, language=EN, stringName=Shuang-qing WANG, firstName=Shuang-qing, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1. Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulations, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1201096924280611508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, authorId=1201096923961844383, language=CN, stringName=王双庆, firstName=双庆, middleName=null, lastName=王, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所, 药物传输技术与新型制剂北京市重点实验室, 北京 100050, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1201096923697603209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1201096923710186123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, companyId=1201096923697603209, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulations, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1201096923722769037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, companyId=1201096923697603209, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所, 药物传输技术与新型制剂北京市重点实验室, 北京 100050)])]), Author(id=1201096924406440640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1201096924544852684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, authorId=1201096924406440640, language=EN, stringName=Nuo-ya WANG, firstName=Nuo-ya, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1. Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulations, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1201096924762956508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, authorId=1201096924406440640, language=CN, stringName=王诺娅, firstName=诺娅, middleName=null, lastName=王, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所, 药物传输技术与新型制剂北京市重点实验室, 北京 100050, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1201096923697603209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1201096923710186123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, companyId=1201096923697603209, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulations, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1201096923722769037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, companyId=1201096923697603209, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所, 药物传输技术与新型制剂北京市重点实验室, 北京 100050)])]), Author(id=1201096924926534374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1201096925085917942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, authorId=1201096924926534374, language=EN, stringName=Ji-shan YIN, firstName=Ji-shan, middleName=null, lastName=YIN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2. Beijing Jinshan Ecological Power Element Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Beijing 100050, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1201096925199164157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, authorId=1201096924926534374, language=CN, stringName=尹吉山, firstName=吉山, middleName=null, lastName=尹, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.北京金山生态动力素制造有限公司, 北京 100050, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1201096923840209558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1201096923848598167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, companyId=1201096923840209558, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Beijing Jinshan Ecological Power Element Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Beijing 100050, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1201096923852792472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, companyId=1201096923840209558, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.北京金山生态动力素制造有限公司, 北京 100050)])]), Author(id=1201096925304021765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=zggao@imm.ac.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1201096925480182542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, authorId=1201096925304021765, language=EN, stringName=Zhong-gao GAO, firstName=Zhong-gao, middleName=null, lastName=GAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1. Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulations, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1201096925589234454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, authorId=1201096925304021765, language=CN, stringName=高钟镐, firstName=钟镐, middleName=null, lastName=高, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1.中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所, 药物传输技术与新型制剂北京市重点实验室, 北京 100050, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1201096923697603209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1201096923710186123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, companyId=1201096923697603209, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulations, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1201096923722769037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, companyId=1201096923697603209, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所, 药物传输技术与新型制剂北京市重点实验室, 北京 100050)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1201096925727646496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=metal element), Keyword(id=1201096925840892717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=mineral), Keyword(id=1201096925970916151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=immune system), Keyword(id=1201096927099183947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=oxidative stress), Keyword(id=1201096927262761811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=blood glucose), Keyword(id=1201096927363425119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=金属元素), Keyword(id=1201096927480865647, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=矿物质), Keyword(id=1201096927573140345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=免疫系统), Keyword(id=1201096927698969474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=氧化应激), Keyword(id=1201096927828992906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=血糖)], refs=[Reference(id=1201096929200530428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Aliasgharpour M. Trace elements in human nutrition (Ⅱ) – an update [J]. Int J Prev Med, 2020, 11: 2., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096929343135752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Freeland-Graves JH, Sanjeevi N, Lee JJ. Global perspectives on trace element requirements [J]. J Trace Elem Med Biol, 2015, 31: 135-141., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096929473159191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ruan S, Guo X, Ren Y, et al. Nanomedicines based on trace elements for intervention of diabetes mellitus [J]. Biomed Pharmacother, 2023, 168: 115684., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096929603182636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=3, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Krzywoszyńska K, Witkowska D, Swiatek-Kozlowska J, et al. General aspects of metal ions as signaling agents in health and disease [J]. Biomolecules, 2020, 10: 1417., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096929926144056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=4, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Dunn LL, Suryo Rahmanto Y, Richardson DR. Iron uptake and metabolism in the new millennium [J]. Trends Cell Biol, 2007, 17: 93-100., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096930051973191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=5, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Qi Z, Shi W, Zhao Y, et al. Zinc accumulation in mitochondria promotes ischemia-induced BBB disruption through Drp1-dependent mitochondria fission [J]. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 2019, 377: 114601., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096930156830798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Takeda A, Tamano H. Significance of the degree of synaptic Zn2+ signaling in cognition [J]. Biometals, 2016, 29: 177-185., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096930316214366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=7, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DiNicolantonio JJ, Mangan D, O'Keefe JH. Copper deficiency may be a leading cause of ischaemic heart disease [J]. Open Heart, 2018, 5: e000784., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096930429460583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=8, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yu H, Wang D, Zou L, et al. Proteomic alterations of brain subcellular organelles caused by low-dose copper exposure: implication for Alzheimer's disease [J]. Arch Toxicol, 2018, 92: 1363-1382., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096930546901108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=9, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zheng RR, Zhao LP, Chen HQ et al. Tumor microenvironment responsive biomimetic nanoparticles for photodynamic tumor therapy [J]. Acta Pharm Sin (药学学报), 2020, 55: 1672-1679., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096931633225852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=10, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu Y, Li G, Lu F, et al. Excess iron intake induced liver injury: the role of gut-liver axis and therapeutic potential [J]. Biomed Pharmacother, 2023, 168: 115728., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096931759054983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=11, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kang W, Barad A, Clark AG, et al. Ethnic differences in iron status [J]. Adv Nutr, 2021, 12: 1838-1853., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096931872301199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=12, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Aniebo Umoh E, Obembe AO, Ikpi DE, et al. Effect of chronic administration of magnesium supplement (magnesium glycinate) on male albino Wistar rats' intestinal (ileum) motility, body weight changes, food and water intake [J]. Heliyon, 2023, 9: e19042., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096932073627804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=13, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bagheri A, Naghshi S, Sadeghi O, et al. Total, dietary, and supplemental magnesium intakes and risk of all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies [J]. Adv Nutr, 2021, 12: 1196-1210., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096932228817060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=14, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Pierson H, Yang H, Lutsenko S. Copper transport and disease: what can we learn from organoids? [J]. Annu Rev Nutr, 2019, 39: 75-94., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096932358840495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=15, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Asbaghi O, Naeini F, Ashtary-Larky D, et al. Effects of chromium supplementation on blood pressure, body mass index, liver function enzymes and malondialdehyde in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials [J]. Complement Ther Med, 2021, 60: 102755., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096932539195580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=16, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Maares M, Haase H. Zinc and immunity: an essential interrelation [J]. Arch Biochem Biophys, 2016, 611: 58-65., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096932660830403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=17, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kitala K, Tanski D, Godlewski J, et al. Copper and zinc particles as regulators of cardiovascular system function-a review [J]. Nutrients, 2023, 15: 3040., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096932790853840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=18, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu MJ, Bao S, Gálvez-Peralta M, et al. ZIP8 regulates host defense through zinc-mediated inhibition of NF-κB [J]. Cell Rep, 2013, 3: 386-400., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096932929265881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=19, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Pecora F, Persico F, Argentiero A, et al. The role of micronutrients in support of the immune response against viral infections [J]. Nutrients, 2020, 12: 3198., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096933034123495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=20, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Weyh C, Krüger K, Peeling P, et al. The role of minerals in the optimal functioning of the immune system [J]. Nutrients, 2022, 14: 644., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096933130592495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=21, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang LN, Du XK, Liu L, et al. Research progress and therapeutic perspective of iron transport balance based on "iron-inflammation" homeostatic coupling theory [J]. Acta Pharm Sin (药学学报), 2022, 57: 1593-1603., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096933235450104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=22, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Jiang Y, Li C, Wu Q, et al. Iron-dependent histone 3 lysine 9 demethylation controls B cell proliferation and humoral immune responses [J]. Nat Commun, 2019, 10: 2935., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096933352890624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=23, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ganz T, Nemeth E. Iron homeostasis in host defence and inflammation [J]. Nat Rev Immunol, 2015, 15: 500-510., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096933508079882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=24, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang N, Gong F, Liu B, et al. Magnesium galvanic cells produce hydrogen and modulate the tumor microenvironment to inhibit cancer growth [J]. Nat Commun, 2022, 13: 2336., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096933617131800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=25, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Nielsen FH. Magnesium, inflammation, and obesity in chronic disease [J]. Nutr Rev, 2010, 68: 333-340., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096933742960933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=26, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Marín R, Abad C, Rojas D, et al. Magnesium salts in pregnancy [J]. J Trace Elem Miner, 2023, 4: 100071., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096933885567277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=27, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Baaij JHF, Hoenderop JGJ, Bindels RJM. Magnesium in man: implications for health and disease [J]. Physiol Rev, 2015, 95: 1-46., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096934095282487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=28, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Deyab G, Hokstad I, Aaseth J, et al. Effect of anti-rheumatic treatment on selenium levels in inflammatory arthritis [J]. J Trace Elem Med Biol, 2018, 49: 91-97., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096934208528702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=29, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Razaghi A, Poorebrahim M, Sarhan D, et al. Selenium stimulates the antitumour immunity: insights to future research [J]. Eur J Cancer, 2021, 155: 256-267., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096934346940744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=30, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hoffmann FW, Hashimoto AC, Shafer LA, et al. Dietary selenium modulates activation and differentiation of CD4+ T cells in mice through a mechanism involving cellular free thiols [J]. J Nutr, 2010, 140: 1155-1161., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096934506324312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=31, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Moghaddam A, Heller RA, Sun Q, et al. Selenium deficiency is associated with mortality risk from COVID-19 [J]. Nutrients, 2020, 12: 2098., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096934648930660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=32, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Djoko KY, Ong CY, Walker MJ, et al. The role of copper and zinc toxicity in innate immune defense against bacterial pathogens [J]. J Biol Chem, 2015, 290: 18954-18961., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096934757982574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=33, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xu J, Zheng B, Zhang S, et al. Copper sulfide nanoparticle-redirected macrophages for adoptive transfer therapy of melanoma [J]. Adv Funct Mater, 2021, 31: 2008022., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096934858645881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=34, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ge Y, Zhang J, Jin K, et al. Multifunctional nanoparticles precisely reprogram the tumor microenvironment and potentiate antitumor immunotherapy after near-infrared-Ⅱ light-mediated photothermal therapy [J]. Acta Biomater, 2023, 167: 551-563., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096936028856707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=35, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Prasad AS. Zinc: an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent: role of zinc in degenerative disorders of aging [J]. J Trace Elem Med Biol, 2014, 28: 364-371., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096936133714317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=36, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Powell SR. The antioxidant properties of zinc [J]. J Nutr, 2000, 130: 1447S-1454S., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096936246960532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=37, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Prasad AS, Bao B, Beck FWJ, et al. Zinc-suppressed inflammatory cytokines by induction of A20-mediated inhibition of nuclear factor-κB [J]. Nutrition, 2011, 27: 816-823., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096936410538397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=38, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Prasad AS, Bao B, Beck FWJ, et al. Antioxidant effect of zinc in humans [J]. Free Radic Biol Med, 2004, 37: 1182-1190., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096936553144743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=39, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Allen LH. Anemia and iron deficiency: effects on pregnancy outcome [J]. Am J Clin Nutr, 2000, 71: 1280S-1284S., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096936653808047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[41], rfOrder=40, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Schmidt PJ. Regulation of iron metabolism by hepcidin under conditions of inflammation [J]. J Biol Chem, 2015, 290: 18975-18983., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096936792220093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[42], rfOrder=41, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liampas A, Zis P, Hadjigeorgiou G, et al. Selenium, stroke, and infection: a threefold relationship; where do we stand and where do we go? [J]. Nutrients, 2023, 15: 1405., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096936939020744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[43], rfOrder=42, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Guo H, Guo S, Liu H. Antioxidant activity and inhibition of ultraviolet radiation-induced skin damage of selenium-rich peptide fraction from selenium-rich yeast protein hydrolysate [J]. Bioorganic Chem, 2020, 105: 104431., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096937077432787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[44], rfOrder=43, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hawkes WC, Kelley DS, Taylor PC. The effects of dietary selenium on the immune system in healthy men [J]. Biol Trace Elem Res, 2001, 81: 189-213., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096937190679003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[45], rfOrder=44, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Abdel-Hakeem EA, Abdel-Hamid HA, Abdel Hafez SMN. The possible protective effect of nano-selenium on the endocrine and exocrine pancreatic functions in a rat model of acute pancreatitis [J]. J Trace Elem Med Biol, 2020, 60: 126480., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096937291342307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[46], rfOrder=45, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Huang Z, Rose AH, Hoffmann PR. The role of selenium in inflammation and immunity: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities [J]. Antioxid Redox Signal, 2012, 16: 705-743., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096937425560046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[47], rfOrder=46, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang Y, Cui J, Lu Y, et al. Selenium deficiency induces inflammation via the iNOS/NF-κB pathway in the brain of pigs [J]. Biol Trace Elem Res, 2020, 196: 103-109., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096937513640434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[48], rfOrder=47, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Cong W, Bai R, Li YF, et al. Selenium nanoparticles as an efficient nanomedicine for the therapy of Huntington's disease [J]. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2019, 11: 34725-34735., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096937622692347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[49], rfOrder=48, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ji D, Wu X, Li D, et al. Protective effects of chondroitin sulphate nano-selenium on a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease [J]. Int J Biol Macromol, 2020, 154: 233-245., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096937744327170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[50], rfOrder=49, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zoidis E, Seremelis I, Kontopoulos N, et al. Selenium-dependent antioxidant enzymes: actions and properties of selenoproteins [J]. Antioxid Basel Switz, 2018, 7: 66., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096937853379081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[51], rfOrder=50, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sordillo LM, Aitken SL. Impact of oxidative stress on the health and immune function of dairy cattle [J]. Vet Immunol Immunopathol, 2009, 128: 104-109., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096938029539854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[52], rfOrder=51, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Suzuki KT, Someya A, Komada Y, et al. Roles of metallothionein in copper homeostasis: responses to Cu-deficient diets in mice [J]. J Inorg Biochem, 2002, 88: 173-182., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096938243449367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[53], rfOrder=52, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Đurašević S, Stojković M, Sopta J, et al. The effects of meldonium on the acute ischemia/reperfusion liver injury in rats [J]. Sci Rep, 2021, 11: 1305., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096938411221535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[54], rfOrder=53, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Tural K, Ozden O, Bilgi Z, et al. The protective effect of betanin and copper on spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury [J]. J Spinal Cord Med, 2021, 44: 704-710., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096938495107622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[55], rfOrder=54, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Maleki V, Izadi A, Farsad-Naeimi A, et al. Chromium supplementation does not improve weight loss or metabolic and hormonal variables in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review [J]. Nutr Res, 2018, 56: 1-10., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096938658685489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[56], rfOrder=55, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Moradi F, Maleki V, Saleh-Ghadimi S, et al. Potential roles of chromium on inflammatory biomarkers in diabetes: a systematic [J]. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol, 2019, 46: 975-983., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096938759348790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[57], rfOrder=56, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Alfawaz W, Almutlaq M, Alzeer H, et al. The relation between dietary zinc and immune status in Saudi adults [J]. Heliyon, 2023, 9: e15042., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096938876789309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[58], rfOrder=57, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hagmeyer S, Sauer AK, Grabrucker AM. Prospects of zinc supplementation in autism spectrum disorders and shankopathies such as Phelan McDermid syndrome [J]. Front Synaptic Neurosci, 2018, 10: 11., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096939036172871, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[59], rfOrder=58, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Cunha TA, Vermeulen-Serpa KM, Grilo EC, et al. Association between zinc and body composition: an integrative review [J]. J Trace Elem Med Biol, 2022, 71: 126940., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096939153613391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[60], rfOrder=59, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Farida B, Ibrahim KG, Abubakar B, et al. Iron deficiency and its epigenetic effects on iron homeostasis [J]. J Trace Elem Med Biol, 2023, 78: 127203., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096939266859604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[61], rfOrder=60, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Moody PCE, Raven EL. The nature and reactivity of ferryl heme in compounds Ⅰ and Ⅱ [J]. Acc Chem Res, 2018, 51: 427-435., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096939384300121, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[62], rfOrder=61, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Baumgartner J, Smuts CM, Malan L, et al. Combined deficiency of iron and (n-3) fatty acids in male rats disrupts brain monoamine metabolism and produces greater memory deficits than iron deficiency or (n-3) fatty acid deficiency alone [J]. J Nutr, 2012, 142: 1463-1471., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096940588065378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[63], rfOrder=62, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lozoff B, Georgieff MK. Iron deficiency and brain development [J]. Semin Pediatr Neurol, 2006, 13: 158-165., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096940747448940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[64], rfOrder=63, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yamanaka R, Tabata S, Shindo Y, et al. Mitochondrial Mg2+ homeostasis decides cellular energy metabolism and vulnerability to stress [J]. Sci Rep, 2016, 6: 30027., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096940885860978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[65], rfOrder=64, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Knop M, Dang TQ, Jeschke G, et al. Copper is a cofactor of the formylglycine-generating enzyme [J]. Chembiochem Eur J Chem Biol, 2017, 18: 161-165., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096940999107193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[66], rfOrder=65, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang N, Xu X, Li H, et al. Atherosclerotic lesion-specific copper delivery suppresses atherosclerosis in high-cholesterol-fed rabbits [J]. Exp Biol Med, 2021, 246: 2671-2678., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096941099770495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[67], rfOrder=66, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Aschner M, Erikson K. Manganese [J]. Adv Nutr, 2017, 8: 520-521., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096941221405321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[68], rfOrder=67, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Tijani AS, Olori DO, Farombi EO. Manganese abated indomethacin-induced gastrohepatorenal toxicities in rats via suppression of oxidative stress, polyamine catabolism, inflammation and activation of caspase-3 [J]. Adv Redox Res, 2023, 8: 100070., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096941334651537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[69], rfOrder=68, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Prasad AS. Impact of the discovery of human zinc deficiency on health [J]. J Trace Elem Med Biol, 2014, 28: 357-363., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096941456286359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[70], rfOrder=69, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sutovsky P, Kerns K, Zigo M, et al. Boar semen improvement through sperm capacitation management, with emphasis on zinc ion homeostasis [J]. Theriogenology, 2019, 137: 50-55., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096941603087008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[71], rfOrder=70, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Duffy R, Yin M, Redding LE. A review of the impact of dietary zinc on livestock health [J]. J Trace Elem Miner, 2023, 5: 100085., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096941728916135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[72], rfOrder=71, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Narasimhaiah M, Arunachalam A, Sellappan S, et al. Organic zinc and copper supplementation on antioxidant protective mechanism and their correlation with sperm functional characteristics in goats [J]. Reprod Domest Anim, 2018, 53: 644-654., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096941879911090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[73], rfOrder=72, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kumar N, Verma RP, Singh LP, et al. Effect of different levels and sources of zinc supplementation on quantitative and qualitative semen attributes and serum testosterone level in crossbred cattle (Bos indicus × Bos taurus) bulls [J]. Reprod Nutr Dev, 2006, 46: 663-675., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096942005740218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[74], rfOrder=73, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Garner TB, Hester JM, Carothers A, et al. Role of zinc in female reproduction [J]. Biol Reprod, 2021, 104: 976-994., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096942165123782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[75], rfOrder=74, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Vallet JL, Rempel LA, Miles JR, et al. Effect of essential fatty acid and zinc supplementation during pregnancy on birth intervals, neonatal piglet brain myelination, stillbirth, and preweaning mortality [J]. J Anim Sci, 2014, 92: 2422-2432., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096942316118733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[76], rfOrder=75, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liao W, Cai M, Chen J, et al. Hypobaric hypoxia causes deleterious effects on spermatogenesis in rats [J]. Reproduction, 2010, 139: 1031-1038., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096942450336473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[77], rfOrder=76, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Tvrda E, Peer R, Sikka SC, et al. Iron and copper in male reproduction: a double-edged sword [J]. J Assist Reprod Genet, 2015, 32: 3-16., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096942571971297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[78], rfOrder=77, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li X, Duan X, Tan D, et al. Iron deficiency and overload in men and woman of reproductive age, and pregnant women [J]. Reprod Toxicol, 2023, 118: 108381., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096942693606118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[79], rfOrder=78, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Donnez J, Carmona F, Maitrot-Mantelet L, et al. Uterine disorders and iron deficiency anemia [J]. Fertil Steril, 2022, 118: 615-624., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096942802658030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[80], rfOrder=79, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chavarro JE, Rich-Edwards JW, Rosner BA, et al. Iron intake and risk of ovulatory infertility [J]. Obstet Gynecol, 2006, 108: 1145-1152., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096942886544118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[81], rfOrder=80, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Nenna R, Mennini M, Petrarca L, et al. Immediate effect on fertility of a gluten-free diet in women with untreated coeliac disease [J]. Gut, 2011, 60: 1023-1024., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096942995596025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[82], rfOrder=81, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sahota O, Mundey MK, San P, et al. Vitamin D insufficiency and the blunted PTH response in established osteoporosis: the role of magnesium deficiency [J]. Osteoporos Int, 2006, 17: 1013-1021., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096943096259325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[83], rfOrder=82, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Nie X, Sun X, Wang C, et al. Effect of magnesium ions/type Ⅰ collagen promote the biological behavior of osteoblasts and its mechanism [J]. Regen Biomater, 2020, 7: 53-61., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096943264031492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[84], rfOrder=83, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yin M, Xu F, Ding H, et al. Incorporation of magnesium ions into photo-crosslinked alginate hydrogel enhanced cell adhesion ability [J]. J Tissue Eng Regen Med, 2015, 9: 1088-1092., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096943368889100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[85], rfOrder=84, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yuan Z, Wei P, Huang Y, et al. Injectable PLGA microspheres with tunable magnesium ion release for promoting bone regeneration [J]. Acta Biomater, 2019, 85: 294-309., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096943532466960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[86], rfOrder=85, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lala S, Ghosh M, Das PK, et al. Mechanical preparation of nanocrystalline biocompatible single-phase Mn-doped A-type carbonated hydroxyapatite (A-cHAp): effect of Mn doping on microstructure [J]. Dalton Trans, 2015, 44: 20087-20097., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096943633130260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[87], rfOrder=86, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Saghiri MA, Vakhnovetsky J, Vakhnovetsky A. Functional role of inorganic trace elements in dentin apatite-part Ⅱ: copper, manganese, silicon, and lithium [J]. J Trace Elem Med Biol, 2022, 72: 126995., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096943750570778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[88], rfOrder=87, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang X, Yang H, Wu F, et al. Mn inhibits GSH synthesis via downregulation of neuronal EAAC1 and astrocytic xCT to cause oxidative damage in the striatum of mice [J]. Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2018, 2018: 4235695., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096943855428382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[89], rfOrder=88, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Studer JM, Schweer WP, Gabler NK, et al. Functions of manganese in reproduction [J]. Anim Reprod Sci, 2022, 238: 106924., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096945147274020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[90], rfOrder=89, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hansen SL, Spears JW, Lloyd KE, et al. Feeding a low manganese diet to heifers during gestation impairs fetal growth and development [J]. J Dairy Sci, 2006, 89: 4305-4311., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096945315046182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[91], rfOrder=90, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Serrano MP, Gambín P, Landete-Castillejos T, et al. Effects of Mn supplementation in late-gestating and lactating red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) on milk production, milk composition, and calf growth [J]. J Anim Sci, 2018, 96: 2038-2049., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096945394737962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[92], rfOrder=91, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Piuri G, Zocchi M, Della Porta M, et al. Magnesium in obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes [J]. Nutrients, 2021, 13: 320., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096945516372785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[93], rfOrder=92, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Guerrero-Romero F, Simental-Mendía LE, Hernández-Ronquillo G, et al. Oral magnesium supplementation improves glycaemic status in subjects with prediabetes and hypomagnesaemia: a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial [J]. Diabetes Metab, 2015, 41: 202-207., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096945612841782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[94], rfOrder=93, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Asemi Z, Jamilian M, Mesdaghinia E, et al. Effects of selenium supplementation on glucose homeostasis, inflammation, and oxidative stress in gestational diabetes: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial [J]. Nutrition, 2015, 31: 1235-1242., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096945709310775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[95], rfOrder=94, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hua Y, Clark S, Ren J, et al. Molecular mechanisms of chromium in alleviating insulin resistance [J]. J Nutr Biochem, 2012, 23: 313-319., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096945809974076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[96], rfOrder=95, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen WY, Chen CJ, Liu CH, et al. Chromium supplementation enhances insulin signalling in skeletal muscle of obese KK/HlJ diabetic mice [J]. Diabetes Obes Metab, 2009, 11: 293-303., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096946007106372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[97], rfOrder=96, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Urbano AM, Ferreira LMR, Alpoim MC. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of hexavalent chromium-induced lung cancer: an updated perspective [J]. Curr Drug Metab, 2012, 13: 284-305., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096946304901958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[98], rfOrder=97, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Balk EM, Tatsioni A, Lichtenstein AH, et al. Effect of chromium supplementation on glucose metabolism and lipids: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials [J]. Diabetes Care, 2007, 30: 2154-2163., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096946397176649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[99], rfOrder=98, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Suksomboon N, Poolsup N, Yuwanakorn A. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of chromium supplementation in diabetes [J]. J Clin Pharm Ther, 2014, 39: 292-306., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096946468479820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[100], rfOrder=99, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=McPherson JA, Rouse DJ, Grobman WA, et al. Association of duration of neuroprotective magnesium sulfate infusion with neonatal and maternal outcomes [J]. Obstet Gynecol, 2014, 124: 749-755., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096946581726030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[101], rfOrder=100, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Tang CF, Ding H, Jiao RQ, et al. Possibility of magnesium supplementation for supportive treatment in patients with COVID-19 [J]. Eur J Pharmacol, 2020, 886: 173546., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096946682389331, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[102], rfOrder=101, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu Y, Miao J. An emerging role of defective copper metabolism in heart disease [J]. Nutrients, 2022, 14: 700., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096946778858326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[103], rfOrder=102, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang X, Zhou M, Liu Y, et al. Cope with copper: from copper linked mechanisms to copper-based clinical cancer therapies [J]. Cancer Lett, 2023, 561: 216157., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096946862744409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[104], rfOrder=103, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Tural K, Ozden O, Bilgi Z, et al. The protective effect of betanin and copper on heart and lung in end‑organ ischemia reperfusion injury [J]. Bratisl Lek Listy, 2020, 121: 211-217., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201096946963407709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[105], rfOrder=104, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wen H, Niu X, Hu L, et al. Dietary copper intake and risk of myocardial infarction in US adults: a propensity score-matched analysis [J]. Front Cardiovasc Med, 2022, 9: 942000., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1201096929024369643, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, awardId=82073778, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助项目(82073778), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1201096923697603209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1201096923710186123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, companyId=1201096923697603209, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulations, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1201096923722769037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, companyId=1201096923697603209, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所, 药物传输技术与新型制剂北京市重点实验室, 北京 100050)]), AuthorCompany(id=1201096923840209558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1201096923848598167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, companyId=1201096923840209558, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Beijing Jinshan Ecological Power Element Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Beijing 100050, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1201096923852792472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, companyId=1201096923840209558, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.北京金山生态动力素制造有限公司, 北京 100050)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1201096928114205605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=hGyWyornjaUXCG80MeSWTQ==, figureFileBig=iXKCyn2A6hpyafkOwcDDcQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201096928214868911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, language=CN, label=Figure 1, caption= The human immune system , figureFileSmall=hGyWyornjaUXCG80MeSWTQ==, figureFileBig=iXKCyn2A6hpyafkOwcDDcQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201096928500081606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=ofGNbrPR6UerMP8mzk/zow==, figureFileBig=jpX+frQESaRcpOgBAOXbow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201096928592356298, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= The action mechanism of zinc in response to oxidative stress , figureFileSmall=ofGNbrPR6UerMP8mzk/zow==, figureFileBig=jpX+frQESaRcpOgBAOXbow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201096928726574037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=Q1hJnYsJuwNIu0zOwa3IaA==, figureFileBig=pI+v2ExHDJYMWajH3tFVCw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201096928881763298, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201096920497349171, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= Schematic the effects of trace elements for modulating biological functions on organisms , figureFileSmall=Q1hJnYsJuwNIu0zOwa3IaA==, figureFileBig=pI+v2ExHDJYMWajH3tFVCw==, tableContent=null)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1189982048455397383, delFlag=0, nameCn=药学学报, nameEn=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=0513-4870, eissn=null, cn=11-2163/R, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=BTxjudbJDVO4PqdBR6On6Q==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=null, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1761643429151, updatedTime=1761735768113, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=A, firstLetterEn=A, subjectCode=Life Sciences, subjectName=Life Sciences, subjectCodeEn=Life Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=BTxjudbJDVO4PqdBR6On6Q==, picEn=c4l1ckL55nWbhl1KrFdWIA==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1190369346338783397, language=CN, name=药学学报, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1761735768160, updatedTime=1761735768160, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/authorLogOn.action, submissionEditorUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/editorLogOn.action, submissionReviewUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/expertLogOn.action, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1190369346376532134, language=EN, name=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1761735768169, updatedTime=1761735768169, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/authorLogOn.action, submissionEditorUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/editorLogOn.action, submissionReviewUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/expertLogOn.action, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1189982191388893191, websiteList=[Website(id=1189982271588340489, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1189982191388893191, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN, language=CN, createTime=1761643482348, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761643498101, updateBy=18614031015, name=药学学报-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=药学学报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1189982873114448678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761643625763, updateTime=1761643625763, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873093477155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761643625758, updateTime=1761643625758, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873135420201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643625768, updateTime=1761643625768, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873085088546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/file/pic?fileId=w+t2v8bJnX5lh3+hRRJcDA==, createTime=1761643625756, updateTime=1761643625756, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873152197419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643625772, updateTime=1761643625772, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873110254373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1761643625762, updateTime=1761643625762, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873143808810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643625770, updateTime=1761643625770, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873101865764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1761643625760, updateTime=1761643625760, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873122837287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761643625765, updateTime=1761643625765, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873127031592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761643625766, updateTime=1761643625766, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1189982271655449355, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1189982191388893191, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN, language=EN, createTime=1761643482364, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761643514085, updateBy=18614031015, name=药学学报-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1189982903015633534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761643632892, updateTime=1761643632892, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982902990467707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761643632886, updateTime=1761643632886, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903036605057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643632897, updateTime=1761643632897, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982902982079098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN/file/pic?fileId=w+t2v8bJnX5lh3+hRRJcDA==, createTime=1761643632884, updateTime=1761643632884, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903053382275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643632901, updateTime=1761643632901, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903007244925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN/file/pic, createTime=1761643632890, updateTime=1761643632890, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903044993666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643632899, updateTime=1761643632899, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982902998856316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1761643632888, updateTime=1761643632888, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903019827839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761643632893, updateTime=1761643632893, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903028216448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761643632895, updateTime=1761643632895, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=药学学报, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/aps, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, journalPhotoCn=BTxjudbJDVO4PqdBR6On6Q==, journalPhotoEn=c4l1ckL55nWbhl1KrFdWIA==, journalFirstLetter=A, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1235, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1235, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/PDF/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1235, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN/PDF/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1235, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
微量元素对机体调节的生物学效应研究进展
收藏切换
PDF下载
王双庆 1 , 王诺娅 1 , 尹吉山 2 , 高钟镐 1, *
药学学报 | 综述 2024,59(4): 811-821
收起
收藏切换
药学学报 | 综述 2024, 59(4): 811-821
微量元素对机体调节的生物学效应研究进展
全屏
王双庆1, 王诺娅1, 尹吉山2, 高钟镐1, *
作者信息
  • 1.中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所, 药物传输技术与新型制剂北京市重点实验室, 北京 100050
  • 2.北京金山生态动力素制造有限公司, 北京 100050

通讯作者:

*高钟镐, Tel: 86-10-63026505, E-mail:
Progress in the effects of trace elements for modulating biological functions on organisms
Shuang-qing WANG1, Nuo-ya WANG1, Ji-shan YIN2, Zhong-gao GAO1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulations, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
  • 2. Beijing Jinshan Ecological Power Element Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Beijing 100050, China
出版时间: 2024-04-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1235
文章导航
收藏切换

微量元素(trace elements, TEs) 在生物学中也被称为微量营养素, 是人体所需的微量成分, 占体重的0.005%~0.01%。TEs虽然在人体中含量较少, 却在细胞代谢、酶活性调节、免疫功能、神经传导和骨骼健康等方面发挥着重要作用。本综述全面分析和总结了TEs (锌、铁、镁、硒、铜、铬和锰) 对机体调节的生物学影响, 深入探讨了各种TEs在免疫系统、酶促反应、氧化应激、机体发育和血糖调节等方面的作用机制, 强调了TEs对维持机体正常生理功能的不可或缺性。此外, 本文还展望了TEs未来的研究方向, 包括对TEs在细胞水平作用机制、摄入量、代谢和存储等。本综述进一步为探索TEs的生物学效应和开发相关的应用提供方向。

金属元素  /  矿物质  /  免疫系统  /  氧化应激  /  血糖

Trace elements (TEs), also known as micronutrients in biology, are trace components required by the human body, accounting for 0.005% to 0.01% of body weight. Although TEs are present in small quantities in the human body, they play significant roles in cellular metabolism, enzyme activity regulation, immune function, nerve conduction, and bone health. In this review, the effects of TEs (zinc, iron, magnesium, selenium, copper, chromium, and manganese) for modulating biological functions on organisms are comprehensively analyzed and summarized. The mechanisms of various TEs in immune system, enzymatic reaction, oxidative stress, physical growth, and blood glucose regulation are deeply discussed, emphasizing the indispensable role of TEs in maintaining normal physiological functions of body. In addition, the future research directions of TEs are also prospected, including the mechanism of action, intake, metabolism, and storage of TEs at the cellular level. This review will provide useful information to further understand the biological effects and the application of TEs.

metal element  /  mineral  /  immune system  /  oxidative stress  /  blood glucose
王双庆, 王诺娅, 尹吉山, 高钟镐. 微量元素对机体调节的生物学效应研究进展. 药学学报, 2024 , 59 (4) : 811 -821 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1235
Shuang-qing WANG, Nuo-ya WANG, Ji-shan YIN, Zhong-gao GAO. Progress in the effects of trace elements for modulating biological functions on organisms[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2024 , 59 (4) : 811 -821 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1235
微量元素(trace elements, TEs) 在生物学中也被称为微量营养素, 是人体所需的微量成分, 占体重的0.005%~0.01%[1]。铁(iron, Fe) 是一个例外, 其含量略高, 但由于其生物学作用, 它也被归类为TEs[2]。据世界卫生组织统计, 已知人体必需的TEs有14种, 包括Fe、锌(zinc, Zn)、铜(cuprum, Cu)、硒(selenium, Se)、锰(manganese, Mn)、铬(chromium, Cr)、锶、钼、铷、铅、砷、钴、钒和镉[3]。虽然它们在人体内的含量非常少, 但其生物学效应是多样性的, 如酶活性调节、细胞信号传递、神经传导、膜电位维持、免疫防御、细胞能量供应以及氨基酸、脂质、蛋白质和碳水化合物的代谢[4]。每种TEs在体内发挥着不同的作用和功能, 缺乏或过量都可能导致各种临床疾病。如过度摄入Se可导致慢性和急性中毒[4]。Fe本身没有毒性, 但过量摄入可能会引起Fe中毒, 严重者可导致糖尿病、心力衰竭、癌症等疾病[5]。Zn和Cu的过量或不足也会引起不良反应。过量的Zn会在线粒体内蓄积, 诱导神经元死亡[6]。缺Zn又会导致认知功能紊乱[7]。Cu缺乏被认为是冠心病的主要原因[8], 但过量的Cu摄入会导致神经毒性[9]。TEs对机体的独特作用可能为理解某些疾病的病因提供重要线索。没有这些TEs, 酶的活性就会降低, 激素、蛋白质、维生素的合成和代谢就会受到阻碍, 生命过程就会不可持续。因此, 深入了解TEs在机体中的作用和必要性对于维持人体健康至关重要。
随着对TEs研究的不断深入, 人们对于TEs在维持健康的重要性有了更深入的认识。本综述的目的在于全面分析和总结常见TEs [Zn、Fe、镁(magnesium, Mg)、Se、Cu、Cr和Mn] 对疾病调节的生物学影响, 以及其在维持机体正常生理功能中的作用机制。通过详细讨论这些TEs的生物学作用, 旨在深入探究其对人体免疫系统、酶促反应、氧化应激和生长发育等方面的影响, 以期更好地认识TEs在人体中的作用和必要性, 有助于更好地理解机体的正常功能和疾病机制, 为人们提供更加科学、全面的营养指导。希望本综述能为探索TEs的生物学效应和开发相关的应用提供方向。
Zn广泛分布于肝、肾、肌肉、前列腺和毛发。人体内约有2 g Zn, 其中50%在血液中。成年人每天需要摄入约12 mg Zn。Zn参与多种细胞的代谢过程, 如细胞增殖、分化、细胞膜稳定、氧化还原信号、细胞凋亡、RNA/DNA合成和能量代谢[10]
Fe是大脑和机体最丰富的TEs。Fe是血红蛋白、肌红蛋白和多种酶的组成部分, 身体内多达30% Fe以铁蛋白(ferritin, FR) 和含铁血黄素等形式储存于脾、肝、骨髓和肌肉中。成年人Fe含量为60 mg·kg-1[11]。成年每天损失1 mg, 但需要摄入约10 mg才能达到平衡。成年女性在月经期间损失2 mg·d-1, 需要摄入12~13 mg·d-1。Fe主要功能是氧气运输、线粒体呼吸、DNA合成、氧化磷酸化、能量代谢、髓鞘和神经递质(多巴胺、儿茶酚胺、血清素) 的合成, 还参与免疫调节等多种生理过程[12]
Mg存在于人体内的各个组织和细胞。人体内的Mg含量约为20~28 g, 其中约60%储存在骨骼中, 剩余Mg以游离态或结合蛋白质的形式存在于细胞和体液[13]。每日推荐补充剂量为200~300 mg。Mg在DNA合成、能量产生、蛋白质分泌、肌肉和神经功能、血糖控制、离子跨膜转运、氧化磷酸化和糖酵解中具有关键作用[14]
Se具有广泛的生物活性。成年人的推荐摄入量50~60 μg·d-1, 最大耐受剂量为900 μg·d-1。作为Se化合物和Se蛋白(selenoprotein, SP) 的一部分, Se在新陈代谢、皮肤发育、氧化损伤保护、调节免疫系统、抗病毒和DNA合成中起着关键作用。
Cu是人类最早发现和使用的元素之一。人体含有70~100 μg·d-1, 广泛分布于肝、脑、肾、心脏、甲状腺、垂体和下胸腺中。肝脏是体内Cu的主要储存库, 通过胆汁将其排出体外[15]。成人摄入量为0.6~0.8 mg·d-1, 最大耐受剂量为8 mg·d-1。Cu是许多酶的辅助因子, 参与多种生理过程, 包括能量代谢、自由基清除、Fe代谢、神经传导、胶原合成、细胞外基质和神经肽的成熟。
Cr存在于人体的骨、皮肤、肾上腺、大脑和肌肉之中。人体内Cr的含量约为6~7 mg, 每天需要30~50 μg, 耐受剂量为500 μg·d-1。Cr是多种酶的辅助因子, 参与多个生物化学反应, 包括葡萄糖代谢、脂肪代谢和蛋白质合成[16]
Mn主要分布在脑、心、肝、肾、骨和胰腺等组织中。成年人体内含12~30 mg Mn, 需要补充2~5 mg·d-1。它是水解酶、裂解酶和连接酶等多种酶的辅助因子, 参与多个生物化学反应, 包括骨骼发育、脂肪代谢和蛋白质合成等。
免疫系统决定了宿主抵抗病原体的能力, 受免疫细胞控制(图 1)。免疫细胞的增殖、发育和功能依赖于TEs。反过来, TEs缺乏可损害免疫系统, 增加感染风险。TEs通过控制细胞因子、趋化因子和其他信号分子的表达, 调节免疫细胞, 介导免疫反应, 保护免疫器官, 降低宿主对传染病的易感性。
TEs中, Zn对免疫系统的影响最大[17]。Zn直接参与核酸和蛋白质的合成、能量代谢和氧化还原过程。同时, Zn激活胸腺肽, 增强淋巴细胞有丝分裂, 增加T细胞数量, 增强免疫反应[17]。Zn还能增强白细胞和巨噬细胞的吞噬功能, 提高趋化和杀菌作用。白细胞中Zn的含量与机体的免疫功能密切相关。Zn不足会降低单核细胞对内皮细胞的黏附、粒细胞趋化性、巨噬细胞吞噬、T细胞和巨噬细胞分泌的细胞因子活性、NK细胞活性、T细胞分化以及某些白细胞介素和抗体的释放[18]。Zn缺乏还导致脾脏、胸腺和淋巴结的重量减少20%~40%, 淋巴细胞功能受损, 降低免疫力, 并增加各种细菌和病毒感染[19]。Zn缺乏引起的胸腺肽减少可能是免疫功能降低的主要原因。Zn另一个重要作用是维持膜屏障的完整性, 这在肺和肠上皮中至关重要[20]。肺和肠上皮是保护生物体免受病原体侵害的第一道屏障。Zn的最佳摄入量可恢复正常的免疫反应并降低感染风险。然而, Zn的最佳免疫刺激剂量尚未确定。同时, 由于其免疫抑制作用, 过量的Zn是危险的。揭示Zn的双重作用有利于评估其对机体的有益和消极作用。
Fe主要通过FR调节免疫系统[21]。FR是一种能够存储和释放Fe的蛋白质。免疫细胞和炎症介质通过FR获取Fe。FR的释放可以提供Fe, 满足机体对免疫细胞的需求。另一方面, FR的储存可以调节Fe平衡, 防止Fe过量积累和氧化应激损伤[22]。然而, 机体的Fe代谢和利用异常可能导致一些问题。缺Fe可减少外周血淋巴细胞, 影响吞噬作用, 降低中性粒细胞的杀伤能力, 并减少T细胞的数量[23]。Fe流失还导致贫血和免疫功能的紊乱, 这是贫血患者免疫力低下的原因。缺Fe性贫血使患者的面部、嘴唇和眼睛因缺氧而显得苍白和无精打采, 并伴有头晕、虚弱、疲劳、记忆力下降、注意力不集中等。特别是儿童, 智力下降, 免疫力降低, 易受到感染。然而, 滥用Fe补充剂会增加疟疾、腹泻和结核病的发病率和死亡率[24]
Mg对免疫细胞的活性和功能具有重要影响, 参与调节免疫细胞的增殖、分化和活化。适当补充Mg可以增强免疫细胞功能, 调节免疫应答。将Mg棒植入肿瘤产生Mg(OH)2, Mg(OH)2通过免疫抑制调节肿瘤酸性微环境[25]。在Mg缺乏下诱导的TNF-α、IL-1和IL-6增加了癌细胞转移能力[26]。低Mg饮食也会加重血压升高, 增加体内患心血管疾病的风险。其中, 低Mg血症与DNA突变、低度全身炎症、促炎细胞因子升高、线粒体功能障碍和ROS产生增加有关, 导致氧化性低密度脂蛋白数量增加[27]。Mg已被考虑用于治疗几种主要疾病, 包括先兆子痫、婴儿猝死综合征、脑卒中、心肌梗死、哮喘和癌症[28]
Se的免疫调节作用主要是由于SP, 特别是其在氧化还原稳态中的作用。Se通过参与多种酶的合成, 调节免疫细胞的活性和功能。在哺乳动物中已鉴定出22种SP, 如硫氧还蛋白还原酶(thioredoxin reductase, TRXRs)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase, GPXs)、硒磷酸合成酶和碘甲状腺素脱碘酶等[29]。Se影响先天免疫系统和适应性免疫系统。Se缺乏会降低淋巴细胞的有丝分裂能力[30]。在小鼠模型中, 富Se饮食促进辅助性T细胞转向Th1表型, 升高INF-γ水平[31]。Se的摄入也会影响体液免疫。缺Se导致B淋巴细胞分泌的IgG和IgM滴度降低[30]。研究表明, Se与COVID-19患者的死亡率呈反比关系。与幸存者和健康个体相比, 病危和去世患者的Se浓度极低[32]。总体而言, Se对免疫系统的影响是多因素的, 即调节细胞因子、巨噬细胞、中性粒细胞、T和B淋巴细胞。补充Se的免疫增强作用也可能是Se降低癌症发病率和死亡率的机制之一。然而, 将Se含量补充到超营养水平对免疫系统的益处尚不清楚, 并且Se如何影响免疫系统和癌症免疫的机制也尚未完全了解。
Cu可激活先天免疫细胞, 在细菌感染、白细胞分化和成熟阶段发挥吞噬作用[33]。缺Cu会损害先天免疫反应, 促进肿瘤发生。硫化铜(CuS) 通过线粒体分裂和芬顿反应触发ROS生成, 细胞内高水平的ROS通过经典的IKK依赖性NF-κB活化, 引导骨髓源性巨噬细胞(bone marrow derived macrophages, BMDM) 向M1表型极化[34]。CuS刺激的BMDM延长了荷黑色素瘤小鼠的中位生存时间, 增强了BMDM对癌细胞的吞噬和消化能力。用卵清蛋白作为模板制备了CuS@OVA[35]。CuS@OVA在酸性肿瘤微环境释放Cu2+, 不仅促进巨噬细胞M1极化, 还诱导树突状细胞活化和成熟, 激活T细胞[35]
炎症反应是机体的一种正常生理过程, 旨在应对感染、损伤和异物。然而, 在某些情况下, 炎症反应可能变得过度活跃或持续存在, 导致组织损伤和免疫功能紊乱。氧化应激是导致多种慢性疾病的重要因素, 如动脉粥样硬化、心脏病、神经退行性疾病和癌症。
Zn具有多种抗氧化作用。它是Cu/Zn-SOD酶的辅助因子, 可催化超氧自由基成为O2和H2O2。它还抑制NADPH氧化酶, 减少ROS产生。此外, Zn诱导金属硫蛋白(metallothionein, MT) 产生。MT含有大量半胱氨酸, 是一种高效的ROS清除剂[36]。Zn与蛋白质的巯基结合, 防止其被氧化, 这是Zn阻碍氧化过程的重要机制。此外, Zn还能拮抗Cu和Fe等具有氧化还原作用的过渡金属, 这些过渡金属主要通过芬顿反应催化自由基的形成。当金属被细胞内容物络合时, 会与H2O2发生反应, 形成活性·OH, 导致脂质过氧化, DNA和蛋白质损伤, 严重影响组织。Zn能够替代Cu和Fe, 减轻局部氧化损伤[37]。此外, Zn作为NF-κB信号通路的负调节因子, 参与调节炎症反应(图 2), 主要的机制之一依赖于Zn影响A20蛋白的表达。A20是一种抗炎型的锌指蛋白, 它负调控肿瘤坏死因子受体(tumor necrosis factor receptor, TNFR) 和Toll样受体启动的NF-κB通路[37]。在TNFR信号转导过程中, A20通过调控受体相互作用蛋白1泛素化, 阻止其与NF-κB的调节因子IKKγ相互作用。它还能去除TNF受体相关因子6上的泛素链, 抑制Toll样受体启动的信号转导。虽然Zn螯合剂不会改变A20的去泛素化酶活性, 但在前单核细胞、内皮细胞和癌细胞中, A20 mRNA的诱导和蛋白质的生成是Zn依赖性的[38]。此外, 补Zn还能通过上调A20的mRNA和DNA特异性结合, 降低IL-1β和TNF-α的基因表达, 抑制NF-κB的激活, 下调炎性细胞因子[39]
氧化应激不一定是由缺Fe引起的, 但它通常表现为一种合并症, 因为导致缺Fe的条件也会促进氧化应激。在感染或炎症期间, 身体往往会吸收较少的Fe, 从而剥夺入侵细菌增殖所需的Fe[40]。氧化应激是许多长期缺Fe的慢性疾病的共同特征。在这种情况下, 铁调素对铁转运蛋白的负调节被认为是缺Fe的原因[41]。此外, 贫血诱发的缺氧状态可能通过促氧化剂的变化加重氧化应激, 包括细胞代谢改变、儿茶酚胺代谢增加和白细胞活化。适当补充Fe可以改善贫血, 缓解氧化应激[11]。过量Fe将导致氧化应激和产生有害的自由基, 引发细胞损伤甚至细胞死亡。因此, 研究铁死亡机制有助于开发针对相关疾病的治疗策略, 如肿瘤、心血管疾病和神经退行性疾病等。
Se主要通过SP参与炎症介质的合成和释放。SP利用其硒代半胱氨酸残基催化细胞、血液和肠道中的氧化还原反应。GPXs表现出极强的抗氧化活性, 在细胞保护中发挥重要作用, 防止RNS和ROS的氧化应激, 包括H2O2、超氧化物、NO、·OH和过氧亚硝酸盐[42]。TRXRs是另一种必需的抗氧化剂, 使用硫氧还蛋白(thioredoxin, TRX) 作为底物来维持还原状态下的TRX/TRXRs系统, 去除有害的H2O2。通过增加GPXs、过氧化氢酶活性及血清中的谷胱甘肽(glutathione, GSH) 含量, 有效缓解紫外线辐射引起的皮肤损伤和氧化应激[43]。Se增加T细胞和巨噬细胞对靶细胞的杀伤作用, 促进肿瘤细胞凋亡[44]。补充Se可以改善由L-精氨酸引起的胰腺功能的整体恶化, 保护急性胰腺炎大鼠胰腺的分泌功能[45]。其机制主要是通过维持β细胞完整性, 抑制氧化应激, 提供抗炎、抗氧化和促细胞凋亡作用, 显著降低血淀粉酶、脂肪酶和IL-1β水平。Se通过抑制NO产生和增强抗氧化酶活性来抑制炎症[46]。当Se缺乏时, 诱导一氧化氮合酶/NF-κB通路, 增加炎症因子[47]。Se通过减弱氧化应激、抑制亨廷顿蛋白聚集和下调组蛋白去乙酰化酶表达, 减少神经元死亡, 缓解应激条件下的行为障碍[48]。Se通过增加阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease, AD) 小鼠超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)、GPXs和乙酰转移酶水平, 减少氧化应激损伤, 并调节Gsk3b基因编码糖原合成酶激酶-3β表达, 抑制tau (Ser396/Ser404) 的过度磷酸化, 减少炎症反应[49]。最后, 提高了AD小鼠的学习和记忆能力, 延缓了AD进程。GPXs和TRXRs活性位点中硒代半胱氨酸的存在使其能够同时进行氧化/还原反应[50]。补充Se可改善临床症状, 清除自由基, 减少氧化损伤, 并增强GPXs和TRXRs等抗氧化酶活性, 阻止自由基扩张, 减少细胞损伤, 增强免疫功能[51]
Cu/Zn-SOD主要存在于红细胞、肝和脑中, 在抗氧中毒、抗辐射损伤和抗衰老等方面具有重要作用。MT是目前已知的最强的参与清除自由基的蛋白质。与MT结合的Cu被提供给Cu/Zn-SOD以及线粒体的Cu酶, 发挥抗氧化作用[52]。Cu通过铁硫簇蛋白、GSH、NO和SOD调节氧化应激, 防止细胞死亡[53]。Cu2+抑制丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA), 同时促进GSH和SOD功能以对抗大鼠的自由基和细胞死亡[54]。然而, 当Cu稳态被打破, 过量Cu通过氧化应激、线粒体功能损害和DNA损伤等机制诱导细胞死亡。因此, 深入研究铜死亡机制对预防和治疗Cu相关疾病具有重要意义。
补充Cr在炎症和免疫激活中起着至关重要的作用[55]。Cr具有抗氧化作用, 参与自由基清除, 减少H2O2和NO, 缓解氧化应激。Cr作为抗炎和抗氧化剂, 可抑制NF-κB活化, 增加AMPK活性[56]。补充Cr显著提高总抗氧化能力, 降低MDA水平。MDA是氧化应激的标志物, 也是自由基脂质过氧化的主要产物。表明Cr通过增加细胞抗氧化剂水平和减少脂质降解实现抗氧化保护。
酶在机体中起着至关重要的作用, 调节和促进了多种生物化学反应和代谢途径, 是维持机体正常功能和健康的关键因素。
在体内, Zn参与300多种酶、蛋白质和核酸的合成和代谢, 如碳酸酐酶、DNA聚合酶、RNA聚合酶、胸腺嘧啶核苷酸激酶、碱性磷酸酶和乳酸脱氢酶[57]。补充Zn可以恢复突触部位Shank3水平, 调节兴奋性突触, 从而改善自闭症谱系障碍表型[58]。缺Zn会降低垂体激素分泌, 使细胞发育停滞在G0/G1期, 降低细胞分裂, 导致发育停滞、骨骼发育障碍、生殖器发育迟缓[59]。补Zn可显著降低总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和甘油三酯水平, 同时促进患者高密度脂蛋白胆固醇升高[18]。肥胖者的Zn含量低, 瘦素含量高, 两者可能有至关重要的联系[18]
目前发现有几十种酶的合成或活性与Fe有关。Fe是多种酶如细胞色素氧化酶(cytochrome oxidase, CCO)、过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶、单胺氧化酶、琥珀酸脱氢酶、黄嘌呤氧化酶、细胞色素P450和核糖核苷酸还原酶等的一部分[60]。Fe通过这些酶参与细胞内的氧化还原反应。过氧化氢酶是一种Fe结合的血红素酶, 能有效地清除氧化过程中产生的H2O2、有机过氧化物等有害物质[61]。脑组织的单胺氧化酶是一种含Fe的单胺神经递质失活酶。缺Fe可影响单胺氧化酶的活性, 引起单胺神经递质代谢紊乱[62]。缺Fe还诱发海马锥体细胞树突结构异常, 导致婴幼儿智商降低[63]。在大脑发育的关键阶段缺Fe, 可能导致不可逆的损伤。
Mg是许多酶的辅助因子, 参与细胞内的代谢过程。细胞内Mg主要位于线粒体, 负责氧化磷酸化, 用于ATP的产生和活化。Mg稳态的破坏会增加氧化应激, 诱导线粒体失调, 最终触发细胞衰老[64]。Mg缺乏将加速内皮细胞和成纤维细胞的衰老。
Se通过调节肝脏中与甾醇代谢相关的两种酶(重组3-羟基3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶和7α-羟基胆固醇) 以及与脂肪酸相关的3种酶(脂肪酸合酶、乙酰辅酶A羧化酶和硬脂酰辅酶A去饱和酶1) 的表达, 抑制甾醇和脂肪酸代谢, 预防高脂血症。
Cu参与多种酶的激活和合成。体内常见的Cu酶有CCO、SOD、酪氨酸酶、多巴胺β羟化酶、赖氨酰氧化酶(lysyl oxidase, LOX) 和铜蓝蛋白等[65]。Cu作为催化活性的辅助因子, 其作用主要是由金属蛋白酶体现。SOD能够清除机体细胞中的自由基, 抵御氧化应激。铜蓝蛋白是最丰富的含铜酶(占人血浆铜的95%), 具有抗氧化特性。最新发现, Cu是甲酰甘氨酸生成酶不可或缺的辅因子[65]
Cr能增强血浆卵磷脂胆固醇脂酰转移酶和肝内皮细胞脂肪酶的活性。随着血脂和血清胆固醇水平的降低, 动脉粥样硬化的发生率也会降低。Cr通过抑制内皮细胞凋亡, 降低胆固醇和磷脂含量, 减少动脉粥样硬化病变中的脂质浸润, 治疗动脉粥样硬化[66]
Mn是精氨酸酶、丙酮酸氧化酶、脯氨酸内肽酶和RNA聚合酶的组分, 参与鸟氨酸循环和尿素合成过程[67]。Mn是丙酮酸羧化酶的组成部分, 参与柠檬酸循环, 促进葡萄糖代谢。此外, Mn是SOD的重要组成部分, 特别是Mn-SOD。它能清除自由基, 保护细胞免受自由基的损伤[68]。Mn也是多种酶(如碱性磷酸酶、DNA聚合酶、黄素激酶、丙酮酸激酶和肌酸激酶) 的活化剂。黄素激酶与蛋白质、核酸、葡萄糖和脂肪等生物代谢密切相关。Mn通过抑制炎症、多胺分解代谢和caspase-3激活, 降低吲哚美辛诱导的大鼠胃肝肾损伤。Mn水平降低会降低精氨酸酶水平, 升高NO水平, 诱导哮喘[68]。由于其抗脂质能力, Mn在胆碱代谢过程中具有预防脂肪肝的功能。
机体生长发育与体内TEs水平密切相关。
Zn在生长过程中发挥着重要作用。Zn是生物膜的结构离子, 作用机制涉及DNA和RNA合成, 软骨细胞、成骨细胞和成纤维细胞的分化。Prasad[69]于1961年首次报道了人类Zn缺乏症的病例, 这种疾病的特征是侏儒症伴身体和性发育迟缓。Zn还参与骨骼生长的激素相互作用, 如生长调节素-c、骨钙素、睾酮、碱性磷酸酶、甲状腺激素和胰岛素。Zn与骨代谢密切相关。与其他组织相比, 骨骼中的Zn浓度非常高, 它被认为是钙化基质的重要组成部分。Zn还通过刺激骨细胞中的DNA合成来增强维生素D对骨代谢的影响。Zn在哺乳动物的性成熟中也发挥着重要作用, 补充Zn可以提高生殖能力。Zn几乎参与精子发生的各个方面, 包括内分泌调节、运输过程中染色质的稳定性、获能和受精[70]。补充适量Zn改善提高动物精子数量[71]、活性[72]和活精子水平[73]。女性生殖系统中, 卵母细胞成熟、受精、胚胎和胎盘发育也需要Zn[74]。妊娠猪补充Zn可增加仔猪的出生体重并降低总体死亡率[75]。补充Zn的雌性羊具有更高的生育率, 产下更重的羔羊[71]
Fe平衡在生育能力中发挥着重要作用。Fe对于精子产生和代谢至关重要, 缺Fe会阻碍精子发生。大鼠形态学研究表明, 缺氧导致生精上皮损伤、基底膜折叠、生精细胞变性和脱落、精原细胞变性和染色质边缘化[76]。缺Fe性贫血会导致氧气循环减少, 显著降低生殖器官和组织中的氧气水平, 影响男性生育能力[77]。这表明补充Fe可以通过减轻贫血的缺氧影响以提高生育能力。在全球范围内, 缺Fe性贫血在非妊娠育龄妇女中常见, 患病率为29.9%[78]。因此, 世界卫生组织将育龄女性确定为维持Fe平衡的首要目标群体, 建议年轻女性每天口服补充Fe, 预防贫血和各种胎儿发育障碍[78]。缺Fe可导致女性生育能力差、不孕以及关键生殖组织或器官如子宫内膜和卵巢的病理改变[79]。在一项针对18 555名已婚、绝经前、无不孕史、已怀孕或试图怀孕的妇女的研究, 增加非血红素铁和摄入Fe补充剂能降低40%排卵障碍性不孕风险[80]。乳糜泻是一种自身免疫性疾病, 会导致麸质吸收不良和肠道炎症, 也经常导致缺Fe。无麸质饮食可提高女性生育能力[81], 这进一步证明了Fe在生育中的重要性。
Mg通过促进受损组织细胞的恢复、加速细胞迁移、调节细胞代谢和控制酶活性参与组织修复。Mg缺乏会减少甲状旁腺激素的分泌, 导致维生素D水平降低。研究发现, 缺乏维生素D的妇女的甲状旁腺激素和Mg水平低于未缺乏维生素D的妇女[82]。在细胞水平上, Mg已被证明可以刺激成纤维细胞中的胶原合成, 表明其在促进结缔组织形成方面的潜在作用[83]。Mg还调节整合素的功能活性。整合素参与细胞与细胞外基质成分的黏附, 促进细胞迁移。Mg的存在可增强角质细胞和成纤维细胞与Ⅰ型胶原蛋白和层粘连蛋白之间的粘连。掺入Mg的藻酸盐水凝胶对成骨细胞的增殖和分化有潜在影响[84]。此外, 聚乳酸-聚乙二醇与MgO和MgCO3共同包埋的微球能有效治疗骨缺损[85]。因此, 适当补充Mg可能是一种很有前景的促进骨再生的方法。
Mn参与调节骨骼中的成骨细胞增殖、分化和代谢[86]。一般来说, Mn激活整合素, 参与硫酸软骨素的形成, 改善细胞黏附, 促进骨骼再生[87]。动物饮食中缺乏Mn会导致骨骼发育不良和畸形, 严重者导致其后代骨骼发育不良, 四肢缩短, 出现跗关节病, 关节严重变形, 死亡率也较高[88]。缺Mn可能是导致骨质疏松和骨折的重要因素。缺Mn也会损害雌性动物的生殖功能。当给予缺Mn饮食时, 牛出现发情抑制、受孕率降低、流产率增加和胎牛体重降低[89]。饲喂50 mg·L-1 Mn的雌性牛所生的牛犊比对照组牛犊重7 kg[90]。补充Mn还显著增加了牛犊在哺乳期间的体重[91]
TEs与血糖水平之间存在着许多复杂的因素和机制。
Zn是胰岛素合成和分泌所需的关键TEs。它参与胰岛素的合成和储存, 并影响胰岛素受体的功能。缺Zn会导致胰岛素分泌减少, 影响血糖的调节。
几乎50%的2型糖尿病患者患有低Mg血症, 主要由Mg摄入量低和尿中丢失增加引起[92]。一项临床试验报道, 共有116名年龄在30~65岁的男性和非妊娠女性, 患有低Mg血症, 诊断为前驱糖尿病, 入组接受30 mL MgCl2溶液(相当于382 mg Mg), 每日1次, 持续4个月。主要试验终点是Mg补充剂降低血糖水平的疗效。随访结束时, 禁食(86.9 ± 7.9和98.3 ± 4.6 mg·dL-1) 和餐后血糖(124.7 ± 33.4和136.7 ± 23.9 mg·dL-1) 降低, 胰岛素抵抗指数(2.9 ± 1.0和4.1 ± 2.7) 和甘油三酯(166.4 ± 90.6和227.0 ± 89.7) 降低, 而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(45.6 ± 10.9和46.8 ± 9.2 mg·dL-1) 和血清Mg水平(1.9 ± 0.27和1.6 ± 0.26 mg·dL-1) 增高, 改善了血糖状态[93]
妊娠期糖尿病患者补充Se的临床试验结果表明, Se (200 μg·d-1, 持续6周) 可降低空腹血糖、血清胰岛素水平和胰岛素抵抗[94]
Cr可改善胰岛素受体β的激酶活性, 增加胰岛素信号PI3K-AKT下游效应物的活性, 并改善Glut 4向细胞表面的转运[95]。Cr还下调PTP-1B (一种胰岛素负调节剂), 减轻内质网应激, 使胰岛素受体底物免于JNK介导的磷酸化和泛素化[96]。Cr对AMPK的瞬时上调有助于增加葡萄糖摄取。Cr介导胆固醇从膜流出, 导致Glut 4易位和葡萄糖摄取[97]。研究显示, 补充Cr后糖尿病患者的血糖控制在统计学上有显著改善[98]。单独和联合补充Cr可显著改善血糖控制。特别是, Cr单独治疗显著降低了甘油三酯并增加了高密度脂蛋白-c水平。每天单次补充200 μg Cr可改善血糖控制。在血糖控制不足的患者中, 糖化血红蛋白和空腹血糖值也有所改善[99]。Cr还增强胰岛素作用, 用于治疗和预防糖尿病。
TEs对机体还有其他不容忽视的作用, 如神经传导、胶原合成和脂质代谢等。
Mg是神经和肌肉系统的必需元素。Mg参与神经递质的释放和神经传导过程, 维持神经系统的正常功能。Mg神经保护作用的可能机制是稳定细胞膜、血压和增加脑流量[100]。补充Mg可以缓解神经系统的兴奋性, 减轻神经疼痛和痉挛[101]。Cu是单胺氧化酶和LOX的组分, 参与合成弹性蛋白和胶原蛋白。Cu催化肽键中的赖氨酸残基和氨基, 使弹性纤维不溶, 保持结缔组织和动脉壁的弹性, 并增强骨骼强度。缓慢成熟的弹性蛋白和胶原蛋白引起心肌细胞的氧化和代谢的异常。这会引发心脏畸形和心肌病, 导致急性心力衰竭和死亡。与此同时, Cu缺乏导致弹性蛋白和胶原纤维共价交联形成障碍。血管组织弹性的丧失在严重情况下会导致主动脉和其他主要血管的突然破裂。血清Cu水平与心脏代谢危险因素密切相关, 如血脂异常、2型糖尿病、肥胖和非酒精性脂肪性肝病, 被认为是疾病患病率的预后因素[102]。Cu缺乏通过胆固醇、脂肪酸、甘油三酯和脂蛋白代谢失调的机制导致血脂异常和冠心病[103]。补充Cu可通过调节细胞状态减少心肌损伤[104], 降低冠心病患病率[105]。然而, Cu代谢障碍和紊乱参与心肌损伤的发病机制仍然是未知的, 需要更多的实验和临床研究来确定Cu代谢紊乱在人体心肌损伤中的作用。
图 3总结了常见TEs对机体调节的生物学效应。
TEs适用范围和注意事项是临床应用的重要考虑因素。首先, 补充TEs适用于具有明确的TEs缺乏症和免疫功能减弱的患者。通过适当补充TEs可以改善症状和提高治疗效果。其次, 个体化的治疗策略和剂量要根据患者TEs水平、个体禁忌症、病情严重程度和免疫系统的情况。此外, 患者应遵循医生指导, 在治疗过程中注意合理膳食和营养搭配, 避免过量补充和不良反应的发生。
实现对不同刺激的最佳免疫反应并避免组织损伤是一种微妙的平衡。TEs不利影响的发生取决于许多因素, 包括剂量、暴露条件、生物利用度和化学物质。细胞中TEs的过量或缺乏会导致细胞死亡, 对死亡机制的研究成为TEs当前研究的热点, 如铁死亡、铜死亡和锌诱导溶酶体死亡等。Fe过量会引发自由基, 导致氧化应激和细胞损伤, 可用于抗肿瘤的治疗; 适量Fe具有抗氧化作用, 通过缓解氧化应激治疗炎症疾病[11]; 而Fe缺乏则会影响血红蛋白合成, 导致贫血。Cu过量会产生氧化应激和细胞损伤, 而Cu缺乏则会影响铜依赖性酶的功能, 引发代谢紊乱和神经系统疾病。Zn过量或缺乏也会导致细胞功能紊乱和疾病发生[6, 7]。过量Mn会刺激ROS产生, 破坏GSH合成, 引发纹状体中的氧化损伤[88]。然而, 迄今为止收集的大部分数据都来自体外和动物实验。体外实验可以提供对TEs的基础了解, 包括化学性质、生物活性和潜在的作用机制。动物实验提供了更接近人体情况的实验数据, 有助于初步评估TEs的生物利用度、毒性和生理效应, 评价其潜在的治疗和预防作用。这些数据为进一步的临床试验提供了理论基础, 并指导医生在特定疾病或患者群体中使用TEs的合理性和安全性。考虑到人和动物之间存在生物学和生理学差异, 为了更准确地了解TEs在人体中的作用和效果, 临床研究仍然是必要的。
TEs在维持人体生理功能和健康方面起着不可或缺的作用。常见TEs (Zn、Fe、Mg、Se、Cu、Cr和Mn) 都对机体有重要的生物学效应, 参与免疫系统、酶促反应、氧化应激、机体生长和控制血糖等方面。然而, TEs缺乏或过量摄入可能导致各种健康问题, 这凸显了TEs对机体健康的重要性。
本综述详细阐述了TEs的生物学效应和作用机制, 为TEs的合理运用提供了科学依据和具体指导, 有助于制定合理的TEs摄入量和开发针对相关疾病的治疗策略。未来, TEs的研究仍然需要进一步深入。首先, 利用基因组学、蛋白质组学、代谢组学和生物信息学等新技术和新方法, 深入探究TEs在细胞水平的作用机制, 包括其与特定蛋白质的相互作用和信号通路的调节, 揭示TEs与细胞功能相关的分子机制, 更全面地理解TEs在细胞内的功能和调控机制。其次, 随着TEs代谢途径研究的不断深入, 研究TEs的摄入量、代谢途径、存储和排泄等方面的机制, 以便合理地指导人们的膳食摄入和TEs的补充, 提高TEs的生物利用度和生物学效应。结合个体的生物学特征、性别、遗传背景和环境因素, 这也包括了对不同人群(老年人、儿童和孕妇等) 对TEs需求的研究, 制定更加个性化的营养指导。此外, TEs与疾病的关联也十分重要。通过监测TEs在疾病进程中的变化, 研究TEs在疾病的发生、发展和治疗中的作用, 理解TEs与疾病之间的关系, 有助于为临床医学提供更加科学的依据。重要的是, 提高公众对于TEs的认知也尤为关键。通过健康教育和宣传, 加强对于均衡饮食、合理膳食搭配和补充TEs重要性的科普, 推动TEs营养学领域的研究进展, 进一步提高人体健康水平。
作者贡献: 王双庆负责阅读、文章构思、撰写、修改、图片收集; 王诺娅负责文献整理; 尹吉山负责文章修改; 高钟镐负责文章选题、指导、审阅和修改。
利益冲突: 本研究内容无任何利益冲突。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(82073778)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
Aliasgharpour M. Trace elements in human nutrition (Ⅱ) – an update [J]. Int J Prev Med, 2020, 11: 2.
[2]
Freeland-Graves JH, Sanjeevi N, Lee JJ. Global perspectives on trace element requirements [J]. J Trace Elem Med Biol, 2015, 31: 135-141.
[3]
Ruan S, Guo X, Ren Y, et al. Nanomedicines based on trace elements for intervention of diabetes mellitus [J]. Biomed Pharmacother, 2023, 168: 115684.
[4]
Krzywoszyńska K, Witkowska D, Swiatek-Kozlowska J, et al. General aspects of metal ions as signaling agents in health and disease [J]. Biomolecules, 2020, 10: 1417.
[5]
Dunn LL, Suryo Rahmanto Y, Richardson DR. Iron uptake and metabolism in the new millennium [J]. Trends Cell Biol, 2007, 17: 93-100.
[6]
Qi Z, Shi W, Zhao Y, et al. Zinc accumulation in mitochondria promotes ischemia-induced BBB disruption through Drp1-dependent mitochondria fission [J]. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 2019, 377: 114601.
[7]
Takeda A, Tamano H. Significance of the degree of synaptic Zn2+ signaling in cognition [J]. Biometals, 2016, 29: 177-185.
[8]
DiNicolantonio JJ, Mangan D, O'Keefe JH. Copper deficiency may be a leading cause of ischaemic heart disease [J]. Open Heart, 2018, 5: e000784.
[9]
Yu H, Wang D, Zou L, et al. Proteomic alterations of brain subcellular organelles caused by low-dose copper exposure: implication for Alzheimer's disease [J]. Arch Toxicol, 2018, 92: 1363-1382.
[10]
Zheng RR, Zhao LP, Chen HQ et al. Tumor microenvironment responsive biomimetic nanoparticles for photodynamic tumor therapy [J]. Acta Pharm Sin (药学学报), 2020, 55: 1672-1679.
[11]
Liu Y, Li G, Lu F, et al. Excess iron intake induced liver injury: the role of gut-liver axis and therapeutic potential [J]. Biomed Pharmacother, 2023, 168: 115728.
[12]
Kang W, Barad A, Clark AG, et al. Ethnic differences in iron status [J]. Adv Nutr, 2021, 12: 1838-1853.
[13]
Aniebo Umoh E, Obembe AO, Ikpi DE, et al. Effect of chronic administration of magnesium supplement (magnesium glycinate) on male albino Wistar rats' intestinal (ileum) motility, body weight changes, food and water intake [J]. Heliyon, 2023, 9: e19042.
[14]
Bagheri A, Naghshi S, Sadeghi O, et al. Total, dietary, and supplemental magnesium intakes and risk of all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies [J]. Adv Nutr, 2021, 12: 1196-1210.
[15]
Pierson H, Yang H, Lutsenko S. Copper transport and disease: what can we learn from organoids? [J]. Annu Rev Nutr, 2019, 39: 75-94.
[16]
Asbaghi O, Naeini F, Ashtary-Larky D, et al. Effects of chromium supplementation on blood pressure, body mass index, liver function enzymes and malondialdehyde in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials [J]. Complement Ther Med, 2021, 60: 102755.
[17]
Maares M, Haase H. Zinc and immunity: an essential interrelation [J]. Arch Biochem Biophys, 2016, 611: 58-65.
[18]
Kitala K, Tanski D, Godlewski J, et al. Copper and zinc particles as regulators of cardiovascular system function-a review [J]. Nutrients, 2023, 15: 3040.
[19]
Liu MJ, Bao S, Gálvez-Peralta M, et al. ZIP8 regulates host defense through zinc-mediated inhibition of NF-κB [J]. Cell Rep, 2013, 3: 386-400.
[20]
Pecora F, Persico F, Argentiero A, et al. The role of micronutrients in support of the immune response against viral infections [J]. Nutrients, 2020, 12: 3198.
[21]
Weyh C, Krüger K, Peeling P, et al. The role of minerals in the optimal functioning of the immune system [J]. Nutrients, 2022, 14: 644.
[22]
Yang LN, Du XK, Liu L, et al. Research progress and therapeutic perspective of iron transport balance based on "iron-inflammation" homeostatic coupling theory [J]. Acta Pharm Sin (药学学报), 2022, 57: 1593-1603.
[23]
Jiang Y, Li C, Wu Q, et al. Iron-dependent histone 3 lysine 9 demethylation controls B cell proliferation and humoral immune responses [J]. Nat Commun, 2019, 10: 2935.
[24]
Ganz T, Nemeth E. Iron homeostasis in host defence and inflammation [J]. Nat Rev Immunol, 2015, 15: 500-510.
[25]
Yang N, Gong F, Liu B, et al. Magnesium galvanic cells produce hydrogen and modulate the tumor microenvironment to inhibit cancer growth [J]. Nat Commun, 2022, 13: 2336.
[26]
Nielsen FH. Magnesium, inflammation, and obesity in chronic disease [J]. Nutr Rev, 2010, 68: 333-340.
[27]
Marín R, Abad C, Rojas D, et al. Magnesium salts in pregnancy [J]. J Trace Elem Miner, 2023, 4: 100071.
[28]
Baaij JHF, Hoenderop JGJ, Bindels RJM. Magnesium in man: implications for health and disease [J]. Physiol Rev, 2015, 95: 1-46.
[29]
Deyab G, Hokstad I, Aaseth J, et al. Effect of anti-rheumatic treatment on selenium levels in inflammatory arthritis [J]. J Trace Elem Med Biol, 2018, 49: 91-97.
[30]
Razaghi A, Poorebrahim M, Sarhan D, et al. Selenium stimulates the antitumour immunity: insights to future research [J]. Eur J Cancer, 2021, 155: 256-267.
[31]
Hoffmann FW, Hashimoto AC, Shafer LA, et al. Dietary selenium modulates activation and differentiation of CD4+ T cells in mice through a mechanism involving cellular free thiols [J]. J Nutr, 2010, 140: 1155-1161.
[32]
Moghaddam A, Heller RA, Sun Q, et al. Selenium deficiency is associated with mortality risk from COVID-19 [J]. Nutrients, 2020, 12: 2098.
[33]
Djoko KY, Ong CY, Walker MJ, et al. The role of copper and zinc toxicity in innate immune defense against bacterial pathogens [J]. J Biol Chem, 2015, 290: 18954-18961.
[34]
Xu J, Zheng B, Zhang S, et al. Copper sulfide nanoparticle-redirected macrophages for adoptive transfer therapy of melanoma [J]. Adv Funct Mater, 2021, 31: 2008022.
[35]
Ge Y, Zhang J, Jin K, et al. Multifunctional nanoparticles precisely reprogram the tumor microenvironment and potentiate antitumor immunotherapy after near-infrared-Ⅱ light-mediated photothermal therapy [J]. Acta Biomater, 2023, 167: 551-563.
[36]
Prasad AS. Zinc: an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent: role of zinc in degenerative disorders of aging [J]. J Trace Elem Med Biol, 2014, 28: 364-371.
[37]
Powell SR. The antioxidant properties of zinc [J]. J Nutr, 2000, 130: 1447S-1454S.
[38]
Prasad AS, Bao B, Beck FWJ, et al. Zinc-suppressed inflammatory cytokines by induction of A20-mediated inhibition of nuclear factor-κB [J]. Nutrition, 2011, 27: 816-823.
[39]
Prasad AS, Bao B, Beck FWJ, et al. Antioxidant effect of zinc in humans [J]. Free Radic Biol Med, 2004, 37: 1182-1190.
[40]
Allen LH. Anemia and iron deficiency: effects on pregnancy outcome [J]. Am J Clin Nutr, 2000, 71: 1280S-1284S.
[41]
Schmidt PJ. Regulation of iron metabolism by hepcidin under conditions of inflammation [J]. J Biol Chem, 2015, 290: 18975-18983.
[42]
Liampas A, Zis P, Hadjigeorgiou G, et al. Selenium, stroke, and infection: a threefold relationship; where do we stand and where do we go? [J]. Nutrients, 2023, 15: 1405.
[43]
Guo H, Guo S, Liu H. Antioxidant activity and inhibition of ultraviolet radiation-induced skin damage of selenium-rich peptide fraction from selenium-rich yeast protein hydrolysate [J]. Bioorganic Chem, 2020, 105: 104431.
[44]
Hawkes WC, Kelley DS, Taylor PC. The effects of dietary selenium on the immune system in healthy men [J]. Biol Trace Elem Res, 2001, 81: 189-213.
[45]
Abdel-Hakeem EA, Abdel-Hamid HA, Abdel Hafez SMN. The possible protective effect of nano-selenium on the endocrine and exocrine pancreatic functions in a rat model of acute pancreatitis [J]. J Trace Elem Med Biol, 2020, 60: 126480.
[46]
Huang Z, Rose AH, Hoffmann PR. The role of selenium in inflammation and immunity: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities [J]. Antioxid Redox Signal, 2012, 16: 705-743.
[47]
Zhang Y, Cui J, Lu Y, et al. Selenium deficiency induces inflammation via the iNOS/NF-κB pathway in the brain of pigs [J]. Biol Trace Elem Res, 2020, 196: 103-109.
[48]
Cong W, Bai R, Li YF, et al. Selenium nanoparticles as an efficient nanomedicine for the therapy of Huntington's disease [J]. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2019, 11: 34725-34735.
[49]
Ji D, Wu X, Li D, et al. Protective effects of chondroitin sulphate nano-selenium on a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease [J]. Int J Biol Macromol, 2020, 154: 233-245.
[50]
Zoidis E, Seremelis I, Kontopoulos N, et al. Selenium-dependent antioxidant enzymes: actions and properties of selenoproteins [J]. Antioxid Basel Switz, 2018, 7: 66.
[51]
Sordillo LM, Aitken SL. Impact of oxidative stress on the health and immune function of dairy cattle [J]. Vet Immunol Immunopathol, 2009, 128: 104-109.
[52]
Suzuki KT, Someya A, Komada Y, et al. Roles of metallothionein in copper homeostasis: responses to Cu-deficient diets in mice [J]. J Inorg Biochem, 2002, 88: 173-182.
[53]
Đurašević S, Stojković M, Sopta J, et al. The effects of meldonium on the acute ischemia/reperfusion liver injury in rats [J]. Sci Rep, 2021, 11: 1305.
[54]
Tural K, Ozden O, Bilgi Z, et al. The protective effect of betanin and copper on spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury [J]. J Spinal Cord Med, 2021, 44: 704-710.
[55]
Maleki V, Izadi A, Farsad-Naeimi A, et al. Chromium supplementation does not improve weight loss or metabolic and hormonal variables in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review [J]. Nutr Res, 2018, 56: 1-10.
[56]
Moradi F, Maleki V, Saleh-Ghadimi S, et al. Potential roles of chromium on inflammatory biomarkers in diabetes: a systematic [J]. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol, 2019, 46: 975-983.
[57]
Alfawaz W, Almutlaq M, Alzeer H, et al. The relation between dietary zinc and immune status in Saudi adults [J]. Heliyon, 2023, 9: e15042.
[58]
Hagmeyer S, Sauer AK, Grabrucker AM. Prospects of zinc supplementation in autism spectrum disorders and shankopathies such as Phelan McDermid syndrome [J]. Front Synaptic Neurosci, 2018, 10: 11.
[59]
Cunha TA, Vermeulen-Serpa KM, Grilo EC, et al. Association between zinc and body composition: an integrative review [J]. J Trace Elem Med Biol, 2022, 71: 126940.
[60]
Farida B, Ibrahim KG, Abubakar B, et al. Iron deficiency and its epigenetic effects on iron homeostasis [J]. J Trace Elem Med Biol, 2023, 78: 127203.
[61]
Moody PCE, Raven EL. The nature and reactivity of ferryl heme in compounds Ⅰ and Ⅱ [J]. Acc Chem Res, 2018, 51: 427-435.
[62]
Baumgartner J, Smuts CM, Malan L, et al. Combined deficiency of iron and (n-3) fatty acids in male rats disrupts brain monoamine metabolism and produces greater memory deficits than iron deficiency or (n-3) fatty acid deficiency alone [J]. J Nutr, 2012, 142: 1463-1471.
[63]
Lozoff B, Georgieff MK. Iron deficiency and brain development [J]. Semin Pediatr Neurol, 2006, 13: 158-165.
[64]
Yamanaka R, Tabata S, Shindo Y, et al. Mitochondrial Mg2+ homeostasis decides cellular energy metabolism and vulnerability to stress [J]. Sci Rep, 2016, 6: 30027.
[65]
Knop M, Dang TQ, Jeschke G, et al. Copper is a cofactor of the formylglycine-generating enzyme [J]. Chembiochem Eur J Chem Biol, 2017, 18: 161-165.
[66]
Wang N, Xu X, Li H, et al. Atherosclerotic lesion-specific copper delivery suppresses atherosclerosis in high-cholesterol-fed rabbits [J]. Exp Biol Med, 2021, 246: 2671-2678.
[67]
Aschner M, Erikson K. Manganese [J]. Adv Nutr, 2017, 8: 520-521.
[68]
Tijani AS, Olori DO, Farombi EO. Manganese abated indomethacin-induced gastrohepatorenal toxicities in rats via suppression of oxidative stress, polyamine catabolism, inflammation and activation of caspase-3 [J]. Adv Redox Res, 2023, 8: 100070.
[69]
Prasad AS. Impact of the discovery of human zinc deficiency on health [J]. J Trace Elem Med Biol, 2014, 28: 357-363.
[70]
Sutovsky P, Kerns K, Zigo M, et al. Boar semen improvement through sperm capacitation management, with emphasis on zinc ion homeostasis [J]. Theriogenology, 2019, 137: 50-55.
[71]
Duffy R, Yin M, Redding LE. A review of the impact of dietary zinc on livestock health [J]. J Trace Elem Miner, 2023, 5: 100085.
[72]
Narasimhaiah M, Arunachalam A, Sellappan S, et al. Organic zinc and copper supplementation on antioxidant protective mechanism and their correlation with sperm functional characteristics in goats [J]. Reprod Domest Anim, 2018, 53: 644-654.
[73]
Kumar N, Verma RP, Singh LP, et al. Effect of different levels and sources of zinc supplementation on quantitative and qualitative semen attributes and serum testosterone level in crossbred cattle (Bos indicus × Bos taurus) bulls [J]. Reprod Nutr Dev, 2006, 46: 663-675.
[74]
Garner TB, Hester JM, Carothers A, et al. Role of zinc in female reproduction [J]. Biol Reprod, 2021, 104: 976-994.
[75]
Vallet JL, Rempel LA, Miles JR, et al. Effect of essential fatty acid and zinc supplementation during pregnancy on birth intervals, neonatal piglet brain myelination, stillbirth, and preweaning mortality [J]. J Anim Sci, 2014, 92: 2422-2432.
[76]
Liao W, Cai M, Chen J, et al. Hypobaric hypoxia causes deleterious effects on spermatogenesis in rats [J]. Reproduction, 2010, 139: 1031-1038.
[77]
Tvrda E, Peer R, Sikka SC, et al. Iron and copper in male reproduction: a double-edged sword [J]. J Assist Reprod Genet, 2015, 32: 3-16.
[78]
Li X, Duan X, Tan D, et al. Iron deficiency and overload in men and woman of reproductive age, and pregnant women [J]. Reprod Toxicol, 2023, 118: 108381.
[79]
Donnez J, Carmona F, Maitrot-Mantelet L, et al. Uterine disorders and iron deficiency anemia [J]. Fertil Steril, 2022, 118: 615-624.
[80]
Chavarro JE, Rich-Edwards JW, Rosner BA, et al. Iron intake and risk of ovulatory infertility [J]. Obstet Gynecol, 2006, 108: 1145-1152.
[81]
Nenna R, Mennini M, Petrarca L, et al. Immediate effect on fertility of a gluten-free diet in women with untreated coeliac disease [J]. Gut, 2011, 60: 1023-1024.
[82]
Sahota O, Mundey MK, San P, et al. Vitamin D insufficiency and the blunted PTH response in established osteoporosis: the role of magnesium deficiency [J]. Osteoporos Int, 2006, 17: 1013-1021.
[83]
Nie X, Sun X, Wang C, et al. Effect of magnesium ions/type Ⅰ collagen promote the biological behavior of osteoblasts and its mechanism [J]. Regen Biomater, 2020, 7: 53-61.
[84]
Yin M, Xu F, Ding H, et al. Incorporation of magnesium ions into photo-crosslinked alginate hydrogel enhanced cell adhesion ability [J]. J Tissue Eng Regen Med, 2015, 9: 1088-1092.
[85]
Yuan Z, Wei P, Huang Y, et al. Injectable PLGA microspheres with tunable magnesium ion release for promoting bone regeneration [J]. Acta Biomater, 2019, 85: 294-309.
[86]
Lala S, Ghosh M, Das PK, et al. Mechanical preparation of nanocrystalline biocompatible single-phase Mn-doped A-type carbonated hydroxyapatite (A-cHAp): effect of Mn doping on microstructure [J]. Dalton Trans, 2015, 44: 20087-20097.
[87]
Saghiri MA, Vakhnovetsky J, Vakhnovetsky A. Functional role of inorganic trace elements in dentin apatite-part Ⅱ: copper, manganese, silicon, and lithium [J]. J Trace Elem Med Biol, 2022, 72: 126995.
[88]
Yang X, Yang H, Wu F, et al. Mn inhibits GSH synthesis via downregulation of neuronal EAAC1 and astrocytic xCT to cause oxidative damage in the striatum of mice [J]. Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2018, 2018: 4235695.
[89]
Studer JM, Schweer WP, Gabler NK, et al. Functions of manganese in reproduction [J]. Anim Reprod Sci, 2022, 238: 106924.
[90]
Hansen SL, Spears JW, Lloyd KE, et al. Feeding a low manganese diet to heifers during gestation impairs fetal growth and development [J]. J Dairy Sci, 2006, 89: 4305-4311.
[91]
Serrano MP, Gambín P, Landete-Castillejos T, et al. Effects of Mn supplementation in late-gestating and lactating red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) on milk production, milk composition, and calf growth [J]. J Anim Sci, 2018, 96: 2038-2049.
[92]
Piuri G, Zocchi M, Della Porta M, et al. Magnesium in obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes [J]. Nutrients, 2021, 13: 320.
[93]
Guerrero-Romero F, Simental-Mendía LE, Hernández-Ronquillo G, et al. Oral magnesium supplementation improves glycaemic status in subjects with prediabetes and hypomagnesaemia: a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial [J]. Diabetes Metab, 2015, 41: 202-207.
[94]
Asemi Z, Jamilian M, Mesdaghinia E, et al. Effects of selenium supplementation on glucose homeostasis, inflammation, and oxidative stress in gestational diabetes: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial [J]. Nutrition, 2015, 31: 1235-1242.
[95]
Hua Y, Clark S, Ren J, et al. Molecular mechanisms of chromium in alleviating insulin resistance [J]. J Nutr Biochem, 2012, 23: 313-319.
[96]
Chen WY, Chen CJ, Liu CH, et al. Chromium supplementation enhances insulin signalling in skeletal muscle of obese KK/HlJ diabetic mice [J]. Diabetes Obes Metab, 2009, 11: 293-303.
[97]
Urbano AM, Ferreira LMR, Alpoim MC. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of hexavalent chromium-induced lung cancer: an updated perspective [J]. Curr Drug Metab, 2012, 13: 284-305.
[98]
Balk EM, Tatsioni A, Lichtenstein AH, et al. Effect of chromium supplementation on glucose metabolism and lipids: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials [J]. Diabetes Care, 2007, 30: 2154-2163.
[99]
Suksomboon N, Poolsup N, Yuwanakorn A. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of chromium supplementation in diabetes [J]. J Clin Pharm Ther, 2014, 39: 292-306.
[100]
McPherson JA, Rouse DJ, Grobman WA, et al. Association of duration of neuroprotective magnesium sulfate infusion with neonatal and maternal outcomes [J]. Obstet Gynecol, 2014, 124: 749-755.
[101]
Tang CF, Ding H, Jiao RQ, et al. Possibility of magnesium supplementation for supportive treatment in patients with COVID-19 [J]. Eur J Pharmacol, 2020, 886: 173546.
[102]
Liu Y, Miao J. An emerging role of defective copper metabolism in heart disease [J]. Nutrients, 2022, 14: 700.
[103]
Wang X, Zhou M, Liu Y, et al. Cope with copper: from copper linked mechanisms to copper-based clinical cancer therapies [J]. Cancer Lett, 2023, 561: 216157.
[104]
Tural K, Ozden O, Bilgi Z, et al. The protective effect of betanin and copper on heart and lung in end‑organ ischemia reperfusion injury [J]. Bratisl Lek Listy, 2020, 121: 211-217.
[105]
Wen H, Niu X, Hu L, et al. Dietary copper intake and risk of myocardial infarction in US adults: a propensity score-matched analysis [J]. Front Cardiovasc Med, 2022, 9: 942000.
2024年第59卷第4期
PDF下载
263
97
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1235
  • 接收时间:2023-11-02
  • 首发时间:2025-11-28
  • 出版时间:2024-04-12
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2023-11-02
  • 修回日期:2024-01-02
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(82073778)
作者信息
    1.中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所, 药物传输技术与新型制剂北京市重点实验室, 北京 100050
    2.北京金山生态动力素制造有限公司, 北京 100050

通讯作者:

*高钟镐, Tel: 86-10-63026505, E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1235
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏