Article(id=1200860515607105932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1200860506031518620, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1225, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1698681600000, receivedDateStr=2023-10-31, revisedDate=1703692800000, revisedDateStr=2023-12-28, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764237057829, onlineDateStr=2025-11-27, pubDate=1715443200000, pubDateStr=2024-05-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764237057829, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764237057829, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764237057829, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1200860506031518620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2024', volume='59', issue='5', pageStart='1101', pageEnd='1508', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764237055547, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764241222263, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200877982563824311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1200860506031518620, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200877982563824312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1200860506031518620, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1334, endPage=1340, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1200860517410656778, articleId=1200860515607105932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=A new hexacyclic triterpenoid with 13α,27-cyclopropane ring from Glechoma longituba, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to study the compounds from Glechoma longituba (Nakai) Kupr. and explore the substance bases of its dissipating blood stasis, MCI, silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, ODS column chromatography and preparative thin layer chromatography were used to isolate and purify the compounds. The structures were identified by MS, 1D NMR, and 2D NMR spectra analysis, etc. Eight triterpenoids were isolated from dichloromethane fraction of ethanol extract from G. longituba and identified as 2α,3α,16β-trihydroxy-13α,27-cyclours-11-en-28-oic acid (1), 28-norurs-12-ene-3β,17β-diol (2), 28-norolean-12-ene-3β,17β-diol (3), oleanonic acid (4), 3β,13β-dihydroxyurs-11-en-28-oic acid (5), uvaol (6), oleanolic acid (7), ursolic acid (8). Compound 1 is a new hexacyclic triterpene with 13α,27-cyclopropane structure, named euscaphic acid H; compounds 2 and 3 were isolated from Lamiaceae for the first time while compounds 4 and 5 were isolated from this genus. The in vitro anticoagulant activity of triterpenoids was evaluated by four coagulation indexes (activated partial thromboplastin time, APTT; thrombin time, TT; prothrombin time, PT; fibrinogen, FIB). Among them, compounds 1 and 6 showed obvious anticoagulant effects.

, correspAuthors=Zhu-zhen HAN, Li-hua GU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Qian ZHANG, Mei-long LU, Tian-zi LIU, Yue-ting ZHANG, Ao ZHU, Li-li DING, Zhu-zhen HAN, Li-hua GU, Zheng-tao WANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1200860520585745064, articleId=1200860515607105932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=连钱草中1个具有13α,27-环丙烷结构的新六环三萜, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为研究连钱草Glechoma longituba (Nakai) Kupr.中的化学成分, 探讨其活血化瘀物质基础, 采用MCI、硅胶、凝胶、ODS柱色谱及制备薄层等色谱技术对连钱草醇提物进行系统分离, 通过MS、1D NMR、2D NMR等波谱数据分析鉴定化合物结构。从连钱草醇提物的二氯甲烷萃取部位分离得到8个三萜类化合物, 分别鉴定为2α,3α,16β-trihydroxy-13α,27-cyclours-11-en-28-oic acid (1)、28-norurs-12-ene-3β,17β-diol (2)、28-norolean-12-ene-3β,17β-diol (3)、齐墩果酮酸(4)、3β,13β-dihydroxyurs-11-en-28-oic acid (5)、熊果醇(6)、齐墩果酸(7) 和熊果酸(8)。化合物1为罕见的具有13α,27-环丙烷结构的新六环三萜, 命名为euscaphic acid H, 化合物23为首次从唇形科中分离得到, 化合物45为首次从活血丹属中分离得到。以凝血四项指标(APTT、PT、TT、FIB) 对三萜类成分进行体外抗凝血活性评价, 化合物1~7均显示一定的抗凝血趋势, 其中化合物16表现出较明显的体外抗凝活性。

, correspAuthors=韩竹箴, 谷丽华, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*韩竹箴, Tel: 86-21-52322505, E-mail: ;
谷丽华, Tel: 86-21-52322505, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《药学学报》编辑部2024, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=h3YeTV9GDCCcxaQqJYO6TQ==, magXml=5tvCcoHh7901WFwiONGEVg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=kmB9uc56BsC2IeRB+z6LAg==, pdfFileSize=1193371, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=N1CarUZdzJmZoWnii47tCw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=gZcg4d+Ln4gb3XH0SqVhFA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=张倩, 陆美龙, 刘天资, 张悦婷, 朱傲, 丁丽丽, 韩竹箴, 谷丽华, 王峥涛)}, authors=[Author(id=1201106651894997690, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200860515607105932, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1201106652062769865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200860515607105932, authorId=1201106651894997690, language=EN, stringName=Qian ZHANG, firstName=Qian, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1. The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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A: Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT); B: Thrombin time (TT); C: Prothrombin time (PT); D: Fibrinogen (FIB). <i>n</i> = 3, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula"><tex-math id="M1">$ \overline{x} $</tex-math></span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> control group; <sup>#</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>###</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> Yunnan Baiyao; <sup>▲</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>▲▲</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>▲▲▲</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> aspirin , figureFileSmall=2bupGFD7Ybkb1Wew/gvZrQ==, figureFileBig=tYbKhKHW6VoZemARK70XfA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201106664213668286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200860515607105932, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
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1.72, overlapped
1674.25.03a
265.64.33, dt (12.1, 4.0)1749.0
379.13.75, d (2.8)1846.42.87, d (11.2)
438.61940.82.11, overlapped
548.21.69, dd (11.4, 1.6)2038.31.26, overlapped
618.31.51, overlapped; 1.35, o2132.42.24, qd (12.2, 3.7); 1.54, overlapped
737.21.84, d-like (11.3); 1.32, o2237.52.48, dt (13.6, 3.6); 2.07, overlapped
834.82329.01.20, s
952.52.03, t-like (2.4)2421.50.85, s
1037.82518.40.95, s
11119.25.51, dd (10.2, 2.3)2616.11.04, s
12141.06.29, dd (10.2, 2.7)2717.11.72, overlapped
1.48, overlapped
1328.428177.7
1434.42918.51.19, d (6.0)
1530.92.74, dd (14.6, 5.1); 2.07, d (14.6)3020.70.97, d (6.5)
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NMR data of compound 1 (δ in ppm, J in Hz, pyridine-d5). aThe proton signal was submerged under the water peak

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Position13C1HPosition13C1H
142.92.11, overlapped;
1.72, overlapped
1674.25.03a
265.64.33, dt (12.1, 4.0)1749.0
379.13.75, d (2.8)1846.42.87, d (11.2)
438.61940.82.11, overlapped
548.21.69, dd (11.4, 1.6)2038.31.26, overlapped
618.31.51, overlapped; 1.35, o2132.42.24, qd (12.2, 3.7); 1.54, overlapped
737.21.84, d-like (11.3); 1.32, o2237.52.48, dt (13.6, 3.6); 2.07, overlapped
834.82329.01.20, s
952.52.03, t-like (2.4)2421.50.85, s
1037.82518.40.95, s
11119.25.51, dd (10.2, 2.3)2616.11.04, s
12141.06.29, dd (10.2, 2.7)2717.11.72, overlapped
1.48, overlapped
1328.428177.7
1434.42918.51.19, d (6.0)
1530.92.74, dd (14.6, 5.1); 2.07, d (14.6)3020.70.97, d (6.5)
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连钱草中1个具有13α,27-环丙烷结构的新六环三萜
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张倩 1, 2 , 陆美龙 1, 2 , 刘天资 1, 2 , 张悦婷 1, 2 , 朱傲 1, 2 , 丁丽丽 1, 2 , 韩竹箴 1, 2, * , 谷丽华 1, 2, * , 王峥涛 1, 2
药学学报 | 研究论文 2024,59(5): 1334-1340
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2024, 59(5): 1334-1340
连钱草中1个具有13α,27-环丙烷结构的新六环三萜
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张倩1, 2, 陆美龙1, 2, 刘天资1, 2, 张悦婷1, 2, 朱傲1, 2, 丁丽丽1, 2, 韩竹箴1, 2, * , 谷丽华1, 2, * , 王峥涛1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.上海中医药大学中药研究所, 中药标准化教育部重点实验室, 国家中医药管理局中药新资源与质量评价重点实验室, 上海 201203
  • 2.上海中药标准化研究中心, 上海 201203

通讯作者:

*韩竹箴, Tel: 86-21-52322505, E-mail: ;
谷丽华, Tel: 86-21-52322505, E-mail:
A new hexacyclic triterpenoid with 13α,27-cyclopropane ring from Glechoma longituba
Qian ZHANG1, 2, Mei-long LU1, 2, Tian-zi LIU1, 2, Yue-ting ZHANG1, 2, Ao ZHU1, 2, Li-li DING1, 2, Zhu-zhen HAN1, 2, * , Li-hua GU1, 2, * , Zheng-tao WANG1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1. The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
  • 2. Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China
出版时间: 2024-05-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1225
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为研究连钱草Glechoma longituba (Nakai) Kupr.中的化学成分, 探讨其活血化瘀物质基础, 采用MCI、硅胶、凝胶、ODS柱色谱及制备薄层等色谱技术对连钱草醇提物进行系统分离, 通过MS、1D NMR、2D NMR等波谱数据分析鉴定化合物结构。从连钱草醇提物的二氯甲烷萃取部位分离得到8个三萜类化合物, 分别鉴定为2α,3α,16β-trihydroxy-13α,27-cyclours-11-en-28-oic acid (1)、28-norurs-12-ene-3β,17β-diol (2)、28-norolean-12-ene-3β,17β-diol (3)、齐墩果酮酸(4)、3β,13β-dihydroxyurs-11-en-28-oic acid (5)、熊果醇(6)、齐墩果酸(7) 和熊果酸(8)。化合物1为罕见的具有13α,27-环丙烷结构的新六环三萜, 命名为euscaphic acid H, 化合物23为首次从唇形科中分离得到, 化合物45为首次从活血丹属中分离得到。以凝血四项指标(APTT、PT、TT、FIB) 对三萜类成分进行体外抗凝血活性评价, 化合物1~7均显示一定的抗凝血趋势, 其中化合物16表现出较明显的体外抗凝活性。

连钱草  /  活血丹  /  六环三萜  /  化学成分  /  抗凝血

In order to study the compounds from Glechoma longituba (Nakai) Kupr. and explore the substance bases of its dissipating blood stasis, MCI, silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, ODS column chromatography and preparative thin layer chromatography were used to isolate and purify the compounds. The structures were identified by MS, 1D NMR, and 2D NMR spectra analysis, etc. Eight triterpenoids were isolated from dichloromethane fraction of ethanol extract from G. longituba and identified as 2α,3α,16β-trihydroxy-13α,27-cyclours-11-en-28-oic acid (1), 28-norurs-12-ene-3β,17β-diol (2), 28-norolean-12-ene-3β,17β-diol (3), oleanonic acid (4), 3β,13β-dihydroxyurs-11-en-28-oic acid (5), uvaol (6), oleanolic acid (7), ursolic acid (8). Compound 1 is a new hexacyclic triterpene with 13α,27-cyclopropane structure, named euscaphic acid H; compounds 2 and 3 were isolated from Lamiaceae for the first time while compounds 4 and 5 were isolated from this genus. The in vitro anticoagulant activity of triterpenoids was evaluated by four coagulation indexes (activated partial thromboplastin time, APTT; thrombin time, TT; prothrombin time, PT; fibrinogen, FIB). Among them, compounds 1 and 6 showed obvious anticoagulant effects.

Glechomae Herba  /  Glechoma longituba (Nakai) Kupr.  /  hexacyclic triterpene  /  chemical composition  /  anticoagulation
张倩, 陆美龙, 刘天资, 张悦婷, 朱傲, 丁丽丽, 韩竹箴, 谷丽华, 王峥涛. 连钱草中1个具有13α,27-环丙烷结构的新六环三萜. 药学学报, 2024 , 59 (5) : 1334 -1340 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1225
Qian ZHANG, Mei-long LU, Tian-zi LIU, Yue-ting ZHANG, Ao ZHU, Li-li DING, Zhu-zhen HAN, Li-hua GU, Zheng-tao WANG. A new hexacyclic triterpenoid with 13α,27-cyclopropane ring from Glechoma longituba[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2024 , 59 (5) : 1334 -1340 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1225
连钱草为唇形科(Lamiaceae) 活血丹属多年生草本活血丹G. longituba (Nakai) Kupr.的干燥地上部分[1]。唇形科分类一直颇具争议, 近年来部分研究表明, 化学成分种类差异是唇形科植物种属分类的主要依据, 连钱草在分类研究中被划分唇形科下支分级中的荆芥亚科(Nepetoideae), 非挥发性萜类, 特别是二萜和三萜类成分是其主要分类特征之一[2, 3]
植物药中三萜类成分被证明具有广泛的药理活性, 如齐墩果酸具有良好的抗病毒、抗HIV、抗菌、抗癌、降糖、抗炎、保肝、胃保护、降血脂和抗动脉粥样硬化作用[4], 课题组前期也从同一亚科中药夏枯草中分离得到具有抗甲状腺肿瘤活性的三萜类化合物[5]。三萜成分在连钱草中种类丰富, 同时也是连钱草药材质量评价研究中的热门研究对象[6-10], 提示该类成分可能是连钱草的药效物质基础, 然而目前对连钱草中三萜成分的活性评价研究较少。
连钱草的基原植物名为活血丹, 活血散瘀是其主要功效之一, 相关专利中不少中药组方体现了连钱草的活血作用, 如用于治疗外科跌打损伤以及妇科淤血所致的阴虚型产后恶露不绝、痛经等症[11]。有学者对连钱草的提取物和分离的三萜皂苷单体进行体外抗凝血试验以探索其活血散瘀物质基础, 结果发现连钱草提取物具有明显的抗凝作用, 但受试的三萜皂苷单体并未显示出明显的抗凝血活性[12]。因此有必要对连钱草的化学成分进行进一步深入研究。
本研究对连钱草中的三萜类成分进行分离及结构鉴定, 同时为探讨其活血散瘀传统功效的物质基础, 采用凝血四项试验包括活化部分凝血活酶时间(activated partial thromboplastin time, APTT)、凝血酶原时间(prothrombin time, PT)、凝血酶时间(thrombin time, TT) 以及纤维蛋白原水平(fibrinogen, FIB) 评价连钱草中三萜类成分的体外抗凝效果。从连钱草中共分离得到8个三萜类成分(图 1), 分别鉴定为一个新的六环三萜类成分2α, 3α, 16β-trihydroxy-13α,27-cyclours-11-en-28-oic acid (1), 以及七个已知化合物28-norurs-12-ene-3β,17β-diol (2)、28-norolean-12-ene-3β,17β-diol (3)、齐墩果酮酸(4)、3β,13β-dihydroxyurs-11-en-28-oic acid (5)、熊果醇(6)、齐墩果酸(7)、熊果酸(8)。其中化合物23为首次从唇形科中分离得到, 化合物45为首次从活血丹属中分离得到。凝血四项指标评价结果显示化合物1~7均有抗凝血趋势, 其中化合物1与化合物6最为显著。
化合物1, 白色粉末, HR-ESI-MS m/z: 485.327 0 [M-H]-给出分子式为C30H46O5 (计算值485.327 2, C30H45O5-), 不饱和度为8。IR光谱显示其含有羟基(2 924 cm-1)、羰基(1 674 cm-1) 吸收峰。13C NMR结合DEPT-135进一步确定化合物共含有30个碳原子, 归属为6个甲基, 7个亚甲基, 10个次甲基以及7个季碳。通过1H NMR、13C NMR (表 1) 和HSQC谱对化合物进行信号归属后, 进一步确认化合物分子结构中含有6个甲基[δH 0.85(s) / δC 21.5, CH3-24; δH 0.95 (s) / δC 18.4, CH3-25; δH 0.97 (d, J = 6.5 Hz) / δC 20.7, CH3-30; δH 1.04 (s) / δC 16.1, CH3-26; δH 1.19 (d, J = 6.0 Hz) / δC 18.5, CH3-29; δH 1.20 (s) / δC 29.0, CH3-23)]; 一组顺式双键[δH 5.51 (dd, J = 10.2, 2.3 Hz) / δC 119.2, CH-11; δH 6.29 (dd, J = 10.2, 2.7 Hz) / δC 141.0, CH-12]; 三个连氧区次甲基[δH 3.75, (d, J = 2.8 Hz) / δC 79.1, CHOH-3; δH 4.33 (dt, J = 12.1, 4.0 Hz) / δC 65.6, CHOH-2; δH 5.03 / δC 74.2, CHOH-16] 以及一个羧基[δC 177.7 (C-28)]。其中的两个双峰甲基氢信号以及羧基碳信号提示该化合物母核类似于乌苏烷型三萜, 不同之处在于高场区少一个甲基信号, 多一个亚甲基信号(δC 17.1, CH2-27)。此外, 高场区出现的一个额外的季碳信号(δC 28.4, C-13), 其化学位移提示结构中存在取代环丙烷片段。根据上述信号并结合Scifindern信息, 发现与连钱草中已报道的含有13α,27-环丙烷乌苏烷母核结构的euscaphic acid G非常相似[13]。不同之处在于euscaphic acid G中的羟基位置为2, 3, 23位, 而化合物1的羟基为2, 3, 16。C-16羟基取代可由δH 5.03在1H-1H COSY谱中与H-15 [δH 2.74 (dd, J = 14.6, 5.1 Hz); δH 2.07, (d, J = 14.6 Hz)] 的相关峰以及HMBC谱中H-18 [δH 2.87 (d, J = 11.2 Hz)] / C-16得到证实。通过综合解析化合物1H-1H COSY和HMBC谱中的相关信号(图 2), 确定化合物1的平面结构为2, 3, 16-trihydroxy-13, 27-cyclours-11-en-28-oic acid。
化合物1的立体结构由NOESY谱(图 3) 结合关键位置质子偶合常数分析获得。H-2与CH3-24和CH3-25的NOE相关信号, 结合H-2与H-1b之间显示的轴向邻位质子间偶合常数(J = 12.4), 证明H-2处于A环C-2位处的β直立键。H-3与H-2/CH3-24的NOESY相关信号以及2, 3J (2.8 Hz) 提示H-3处于A环C-2位处的β平伏键, 从而确定2-OH、3-OH均为α构型。NOESY谱上H-27与H-9 (α) 之间存在的相关信号, 证实了化合物1与前述文献[13]报道的euscaphic acid G母核的取代环丙烷片段具有相同的立体结构。H-15/H-16之间较小的偶合常数, 结合H-16/H-27的NOE相关说明H-16处于平伏键而16-OH为β构型。由此, 化合物1的结构最终鉴定为2α, 3α, 16β-trihydroxy-13α,27-cyclours-11-en-28-oic acid, 命名为euscaphic acid H。
以10 mg·mL-1云南白药和2 mg·mL-1阿司匹林为阳性药, DMSO为空白组, 测定化合物1~8在250 μmol·mL-1浓度下对凝血因子的影响。由图 4可知, 与空白组比较, 化合物1~7在体外均能显著延长APTT (P < 0.01), 说明可以影响内源性凝血系统的凝血因子以达抗凝效果; 化合物6能显著延长TT (P < 0.001), 显示化合物6能通过影响纤维蛋白原形成途径发挥抗凝作用; 化合物1~7均有降低FIB的趋势, 化合物16有较显著趋势(P < 0.05)。综上结果表明化合物1~7均有不同程度的抗凝血作用, 其中化合物16具有较显著的抗凝作用。化合物8能显著延长PT (P < 0.001), 表明化合物8可能通过影响外源性凝血途径影响抗凝系统, 然而化合物8能显著缩短TT (P < 0.001), 升高FIB (P < 0.001) 影响纤溶系统发挥促凝作用, 表明化合物8可能对整个凝血系统具有双向调节作用。有研究显示三萜及三萜皂苷对血细胞的溶血活性与C-28位上的COOH基团有关[14], 一些溶血皂苷的抗血栓作用与抑制血小板聚集和改善凝血系统有关[15], 提示三萜中的COOH和OH基团对凝血系统可能也存在相似的影响。化合物68的结构相似度较高, 不同在于C-20位的OH和C-28位的COOH基团, 可能是造成其抗凝活性不同的关键因素。有机酸是一类来源丰富且安全的天然抗血栓因子, 其中三萜酸成分齐墩果酸(7) 的抗凝血作用已被广泛报道[16], 但三萜酸结构差异对凝血系统影响的研究较少, 其构效关系及不同于齐墩果酸的作用机制值得深入研究。
Bruker Avance Ⅲ型400, 600 MHz核磁共振仪(德国Bruker公司); Triple TOF 5600型高分辨质谱仪(美国AB Sciex公司); EYELA N-1300型旋转蒸发器(日本Eyala公司); SHB-1000型循环水式多用真空泵(上海诚献仪器设备有限公司); DHG-9053A型电热恒温鼓风干燥箱(上海恒一科技有限公司); Milli-Q超纯水仪(德国Merck公司); BCE2241-1CCN型电子天平(德国Sartorius公司); Buchi C-680中压(瑞士BUCHI Labortechnik AG); LC-3000型制备液相(北京创新通恒科技有限公司); PerkinElmer FT-IR型红外光谱仪(美国PerkinElmer公司); Mindray C3000型全自动凝血分析仪(深圳迈瑞生物医疗电子股份有限公司); HUANGHAI/黄海薄层层析硅胶HGF254制备板(上海泰坦科技股份有限公司); 200-300目柱层析硅胶(青岛海洋化工有限公司); Sephadex LH-20凝胶(瑞典GE Healthcare BioSciences AB); 十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶ODS (日本YMC); Xbridge C18制备柱(250 mm × 20 mm, 5 μm, 美国Fisher Wharton公司); 石油醚、乙酸乙酯等分析纯级试剂和沃凯HPLC级甲醇、乙腈(国药集团化学试剂有限公司); 氘代试剂(美国Cambridge Isotope Laboratories); 凝血四项试剂盒(深圳迈瑞生物医疗电子股份有限公司)。
连钱草药材购自安徽省亳州市, 经上海中医药大学谷丽华研究员鉴定为唇形科植物活血丹[G. longituba (Nakai) Kupr.] 的干燥地上部分, 干燥标本保存于上海中医药大学中药研究所。
干燥连钱草药材(20 kg), 95%乙醇回流提取(240 L, 2×2 h), 滤过, 药渣使用50%乙醇回流提取(240 L, 1×2 h), 合并提取液并减压浓缩至无醇味后, 使用二氯甲烷(dichloromethane, DCM) 萃取, 再使用MCI柱色谱(MeOH∶H2O = 100∶1) 除去大部分色素和大分子胶质物后得到二氯甲烷部位(306.6 g)。由石油醚-乙酸乙酯(PE∶EA=50∶1~0∶1) 硅胶柱色谱洗脱后, 得到8个馏分(Fr.A~Fr.H)。Fr.C经过中压制备色谱(MPLC-ODS, MeOH∶H2O = 40∶60~100∶0), 进一步得到19个子馏分(Fr.C1~Fr.C19)。Fr.C17经过硅胶柱色谱(DCM∶EA = 20∶1) 纯化后再通过薄层制备色谱(PE∶EA = 10∶1), 最后通过制备液相分离(ACN∶H2O = 95∶5) 得到化合物2 (3 mg, 16 mL·min-1, tR = 17.0 min) 和3 (2 mg, 16 mL·min-1, tR = 14.5 min); Fr.C18经过甲醇凝胶柱色谱纯化得到化合物4 (19 mg); Fr.E经中压制备色谱(MPLC-ODS, MeOH∶H2O = 40∶60~100∶0) 分离得到18个子馏分(Fr.E1~ Fr.E18), Fr.E12经凝胶柱色谱(PE∶DCM∶MeOH = 5∶5∶1) 洗脱再使用甲醇凝胶柱色谱纯化后得到化合物5 (14 mg); Fr.E14~Fr.E17经过凝柱色谱(PE∶DCM∶MeOH = 5∶5∶1) 分离后再合并得到8个亚馏分(Fr.ET1~Fr.ET8), Fr.ET1经过薄层制备(PE∶EA = 10∶1) 纯化后再经制备液相纯化(MeOH∶H2O = 92∶8) 得到化合物6 (12 mg, 16 mL·min-1, tR = 12.0 min); Fr.E18经过结晶漏斗洗脱得到化合物7 (60 mg); Fr.F为大量析出, 经过结晶漏斗不断洗脱得到化合物8 (20 g); Fr.G经过四次中压制备色谱(MPLC-ODS, MeOH∶H2O = 40∶60~100∶0), 合并后得到9个子馏分(Fr.G1~Fr.G9), Fr.G7经过凝胶柱色谱(PE∶DCM∶MeOH = 5∶5∶1) 以及薄层制备(DCM∶EA = 2∶1) 纯化后得到化合物1 (7 mg)。
化合物1    白色粉末; [α]$ {}_{\mathrm{D}}^{20} $ -16.3 (c 0.1, MeOH); IR vmax (cm-1): 2 924, 2 161, 1 674, 1 451, 1 280, 1 040; HR-ESI-MS m/z: 485.327 0 [M-H]- ([C30H45O5]-计算值485.327 2)。1H NMR (400 MHz, pyridine-d5) 和13C NMR (101 MHz, pyridine-d5) 数据见表 1, 鉴定为化合物2α, 3α, 16β-trihydroxy-13α,27-cyclours-11-en-28-oic acid, 命名为euscaphic acid H。
化合物2    白色粉末; 1H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3) δH: 5.32 (1H, t, J = 3.7 Hz, H-12), 3.25 (1H, dd, J = 10.9, 4.9 Hz, H-3), 2.05 (2H, o, H-15, 16), 1.97 (2H, o, H-11, 16), 1.10 (3H, s, H3-27), 1.02 (3H, s, H3-23), 1.01 (3H, s, H3-26), 0.97 (3H, s, H3-25), 0.95 (3H, d, J = 5.9 Hz, H3-30), 0.85 (3H, d, J = 6.5 Hz, H3-29), 0.82 (3H, s, H3-24); 13C NMR (150 MHz, CDCl3) δC: 137.9 (C-13), 127.9 (C-12), 79.0 (C-3), 72.1 (C-12), 60.6 (C-18), 55.2 (C-5), 47.6 (C-9), 41.9 (C-14), 41. 6 (C-20), 40.4 (C-22), 39.8 (C-8), 39.3 (C-19), 38.8 (C-1), 38.7 (C-4), 37.0 (C-10), 33.0 (C-7), 32.3 (C-21), 28.4 (C-16), 28.2 (C-23), 27.2 (C-2), 26.0 (C-15), 23.6 (C-11), 23.0 (C-27), 20.7 (C-25), 18.3 (C-6), 17.3 (C-29), 17.1 (C-26), 15.6 (C-24), 15.5 (C-30), 以上数据对照文献[17], 鉴定2化合物为28-norurs-12-ene-3β,17β-diol。
化合物3    白色粉末; 1H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3) δH: 5.33 (1H, t, J = 3.6 Hz, H-12), 3.25 (1H, dd, J = 11.2, 4.8 Hz, H-3), 2.28~2.22 (1H, m, H-15), 1.16 (3H, s, H3-27), 1.02 (3H, s, H3-23), 0.99 (3H, s, H3-26), 0.98 (3H, s, H3-25), 0.95 (3H, s, H3-29), 0.92 (3H, s, H3-30), 0.82 (3H, s, H3-24); 13C NMR (150 MHz, CDCl3) δC: 143.2 (C-13), 124.4 (C-12), 79.0 (C-3), 72.2 (C-17), 55.2 (C-5), 48.8 (C-18), 48.3 (C-19), 47.6 (C-9), 41.5 (C-14), 39.6 (C-8), 38.8 (C-4), 38.5 (C-1), 37.0 (C-22), 36.8 (C-10), 36.5 (C-21), 32.7 (C-7, 29), 31.0 (C-20), 28.1 (C-23), 27.3 (C-15), 27.2 (C-2), 25.5 (C-16), 25.5 (C-27), 24.0 (C-30), 23.6 (C-11), 18.4 (C-6), 17.1 (C-26), 15.6 (C-25), 15.3 (C-24), 以上数据对照文献[18], 鉴定化合物3为28-norolean-12-ene-3β,17β-diol。
化合物4    白色粉末; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δH: 5.32 (1H, t, J = 3.6 Hz, H-12), 2.85 (1H, dd, J = 13.7, 4.6 Hz, H-18), 1.16 (3H, s, H3-27), 1.10 (3H, s, H3-23), 1.06 (3H, s, H3-26), 1.05 (3H, s, H3-25), 0.95 (3H, s, H3-29), 0.92 (3H, s, H3-30), 0.82 (3H, s, H3-24);13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δC: 217.8 (C-3), 184.0 (C-28), 143.7 (C-13), 122.4 (C-12), 55.3 (C-5), 47.4 (C-4), 46.9 (C-9), 46.6 (C-17), 45.8 (C-19), 41.7 (C-14), 41.0 (C-18), 39.3 (C-8), 39.1 (C-1), 36.8 (C-10), 34.2 (C-2), 33.8 (C-21), 33.1 (C-22), 32.4 (C-29), 32.1 (C-7), 30.7 (C-20), 27.7 (C-15), 26.4 (C-23), 25.8 (C-27), 23.6 (C-30), 23.5 (C-16), 22.9 (C-11), 21.4 (C-24), 19.5 (C-6), 17.0 (C-27), 15.0 (C-25), 以上数据对照文献[19], 鉴定化合物4为齐墩果酮酸。
化合物5    白色粉末; 1H NMR (400 MHz, pyridine-d5) δH: 6.02 (1H, d, J = 10.3 Hz, H-12), 5.65 (1H, dd, J = 10.3, 3.0 Hz, H-11), 3.43 (1H, dd, J = 9.8, 6.3 Hz, H-3), 1.22 (3H, s, H3-27), 1.20 (3H, s, H3-26), 1.18 (3H, s, H3-25), 1.01 (3H, s, H3-24), 0.98 (3H, d, J = 6.1 Hz, H3-29), 0.89 (3H, s, H3-23), 0.84 (3H, d, J = 6.3 Hz, H3-30); 13C NMR (101 MHz, pyridine-d5) δC: 179.1 (C-28), 133.5 (C-11), 129.1 (C-12), 89.2 (C-13), 77.7 (C-3), 60.3 (C-18), 54.9 (C-5), 53.2 (C-9), 45.0 (C-17), 42.0 (C-14), 41.8 (C-8), 40.1 (C-20), 39.3 (C-4), 38.4 (C-1), 38.0 (C-19), 36.4 (C-10), 31.7 (C-22), 31.3 (C-21), 30.8 (C-7), 28.1 (C-23), 27.6 (C-15), 25.6 (C-16), 22.9 (C-26), 19.1 (C-30), 18.9 (C-26), 18.0 (C-27), 17.9 (C-29), 17.7 (C-6), 15.9 (C-25), 15.6 (C-24), 以上数据对照文献[20], 鉴定化合物5为3β,13β-dihydroxyurs-11-en-28-oic acid。
化合物6    白色粉末; 1H NMR (400 MHz, pyridine-d5) δH: 5.21 (1H, t, J = 3.6 Hz, H-12), 3.91 (1H, d, J = 10.6 Hz, H-28a), 3.50~3.41 (2H, m, H-3, 28b), 1.24 (3H, s, H3-27), 1.21 (3H, s, H3-26), 1.04 (3H, s, H3-23), 1.01 (3H, s, H3-25), 0.94 (9H, o, H3-24, 29, 30); 13C NMR (101 MHz, pyridine-d5) δC: 139.4 (C-13), 125.6 (C-12), 77.2 (C-3), 68.92 (C-28), 55.5 (C-5), 54.41 (C-18), 47.9 (C-9), 42.1 (C-10), 40.1 (C-14), 39.6 (C-19), 39.5 (C-20), 39.2 (C-8), 39.00 (C-1), 38.5 (C-4), 36.9 (C-17), 36.0 (C-21), 33.0 (C-7), 31.0 (C-22), 28.6 (C-23), 27.9 (C-2), 26.3 (C-15), 23.6 (C-16), 23.4 (C-11), 23.4 (C-27), 21.4 (C-30), 18.5 (C-6), 17.6 (C-29), 16.8 (C-26), 16.4 (C-25), 15.7 (C-24), 以上数据对照文献[21], 鉴定化合物6为熊果醇。
化合物7    白色粉末; 1H NMR (400 MHz, pyridine-d5) δH: 5.52~5.46 (1H, m, H-12), 3.43 (1H, dd, J = 10.4, 5.8 Hz, H-3), 3.30 (1H, dd, J = 14.1, 4.6 Hz, H-18), 1.27 (3H, s, H3-27), 1.23 (3H, s, H3-23), 1.01 (6H, s, H3-25, 26), 0.99 (3H, s, H3-29), 0.94 (3H, s, H3-30), 0.88 (3H, s, H3-24); 13C NMR (101 MHz, pyridine-d5) δC: 179.9 (C-28), 144.6 (C-13), 122.3 (C-12), 77.8 (C-3), 55.6 (C-5), 47.9 (C-9), 46.4 (C-17), 46.2 (C-19), 41.9 (C-14), 41.8 (C-18), 39.5 (C-8), 39.2 (C-4), 38.7 (C-1), 37.1 (C-10), 34.0 (C-21), 33.0 (C-7), 33.0 (C-22), 30.7 (C-20), 28.6 (C-23), 28.1 (C-15), 27.9 (C-2), 25.9 (C-27), 23.6 (C-30), 23.5 (C-16), 23.5 (C-11), 18.6 (C-6), 17.2 (C-26), 16.3 (C-24), 15.3 (C-25), 以上数据对照文献[22], 鉴定化合物7为齐墩果酸。
化合物8    白色粉末; 1H NMR (400 MHz, pyridine-d5) δH: 5.48 (1H, t, J = 3.5 Hz, H-12), 3.45 (1H, dd, J = 10.1, 6.0 Hz, H-3), 2.63 (1H, dd, J = 11.4, 1.6 Hz, H-18), 1.23 (6H, s, H3-23, 26), 1.04 (3H, s, H3-27), 1.01 (3H, s, H3-25), 0.99 (3H, d, J = 6.4 Hz, H3-29), 0.94 (3H, d, J = 6.3 Hz, H3-30), 0.88 (3H, s, H3-24);13C NMR (101 MHz, pyridine-d5) δC: 178.9 (C-28), 139.0 (C-11), 126.7 (C-11), 78.5 (C-3), 56.2 (C-11), 53.3 (C-18), 47.8 (C-9, 17), 43.1 (C-14), 39.7 (C-20), 39.3 (C-8), 39.2 (C-19), 38.8 (C-1), 37.2 (C-22), 37.1 (C-10), 33.3 (C-7), 30.8 (C-21), 28.6 (C-15), 28.5 (C-24), 27.9 (C-2), 24.7 (C-29), 23.7 (C-16), 23.4 (C-27), 21.2 (C-30), 18.6 (C-6), 17.3 (C-11), 17.2 (C-26), 16.4 (C-24), 15.5 (C-25), 以上数据对照文献[23], 鉴定化合物8为熊果酸。
采用全自动凝血分析仪对含化合物终浓度为250 μmol·mL-1的血浆进行凝血四项分析, 以10 mg·mL-1云南白药和2 mg·mL-1阿司匹林为阳性药以及1% DMSO为空白对照。实验简要流程如下: 取实验室制备的健康大鼠新鲜冰冻血浆(FFP), 提前于4 ℃冰箱化冻储存, 将分离得到的化合物使用DMSO配制成浓度为25 μmol·mL-1的样品溶解, 混匀。取适当化冻后的贫血小板血浆(PPP), 加入相应体积化合物使药物终浓度为250 μmol·mL-1, 孵育10 min后上机检测, 所有实验均需在6 h内完成以保证凝血因子活性。
实验结果采用$ \overline{x} $ ± s表示; 数值统计和柱状图绘制采用GraphPad Prism 9软件处理。
作者贡献: 谷丽华、韩竹箴、张倩负责实验设计; 张倩负责实验实施及文章撰写; 陆美龙、刘天资、张悦婷、朱傲负责凝血实验动物取血; 丁丽丽给予凝血试验指导; 韩竹箴负责指导分离鉴定实验; 张倩、韩竹箴、谷丽华和王峥涛负责文章修改; 王峥涛负责总体指导。
利益冲突: 所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突。
  • 国家药典委标准项目(2018Z003)
  • 上海市技术标准项目(21DZ2202100)
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2024年第59卷第5期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1225
  • 接收时间:2023-10-31
  • 首发时间:2025-11-27
  • 出版时间:2024-05-12
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  • 收稿日期:2023-10-31
  • 修回日期:2023-12-28
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国家药典委标准项目(2018Z003)
上海市技术标准项目(21DZ2202100)
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    1.上海中医药大学中药研究所, 中药标准化教育部重点实验室, 国家中医药管理局中药新资源与质量评价重点实验室, 上海 201203
    2.上海中药标准化研究中心, 上海 201203

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*韩竹箴, Tel: 86-21-52322505, E-mail: ;
谷丽华, Tel: 86-21-52322505, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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