Article(id=1198656349530849363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198656343151313891, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1197, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1697990400000, receivedDateStr=2023-10-23, revisedDate=1699804800000, revisedDateStr=2023-11-13, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763711543686, onlineDateStr=2025-11-21, pubDate=1702310400000, pubDateStr=2023-12-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763711543686, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763711543686, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763711543686, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198656343151313891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2023', volume='58', issue='12', pageStart='3477', pageEnd='3726', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763711542164, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763711721609, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1198657095835943176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198656343151313891, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1198657095840137481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198656343151313891, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3608, endPage=3618, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198656349870588005, articleId=1198656349530849363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=The S1P1 regulator IMMH002 and its therapeutic effect and mechanism on autoimmune hepatitis, columnId=null, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study assessed and explored the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of action of IMMH002 {2-amino-2-(2-(4ʹ-(2-ethyloxazol-4-yl)-[1, 1ʹ-biphenyl]-4-yl)ethyl)propane-1, 3-dio}, a selective sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor subtype 1 (S1P1) modulator, in a concanavalin A (ConA)-induced autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) mouse model. The experimental protocol strictly adhered to the guidelines of the Ethics Committee for Animal Research of the Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (Approval No.: 00004046). Male ICR mice were pre-treated with the drug for four days, followed by induction of AIH through tail vein injection of ConA protein. Liver function, hepatic tissue pathology, peripheral blood parameters, as well as immunoglobulin G (IgG), inflammatory cytokines, T cell distribution, and inflammatory pathways were evaluated in mice. Results demonstrated that IMMH002 significantly reduced liver function indicators such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alleviated hepatic tissue inflammation and necrotic damage, decreased serum IgG levels, and lowered the expression of inflammatory mediators including interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and interferon γ (IFN-γ). Additionally, it facilitated T lymphocyte homing, downregulated the phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), IκB kinase β (IKKβ) and nuclear factor inhibitor protein-α (IκBα) proteins in hepatic tissue and cellular inflammation models. Collectively, IMMH002 effectively ameliorated ConA-induced autoimmune hepatitis in mice, exhibiting extensive anti-inflammatory and anti-necrotic effects, thereby laying a theoretical foundation for AIH clinical treatment.

, correspAuthors=Xiao-guang CHEN, Jing JIN, Tai-gang LIANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2023 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Chun-yu ZHANG, Nan XIANG, Shu-ying LI, Xiao-guang CHEN, Jing JIN, Tai-gang LIANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1198656352777240818, articleId=1198656349530849363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=S1P1调节剂IMMH002对自身免疫性肝炎的治疗作用及机制研究, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究采用植物凝集素刀豆球蛋白A (concanavalin A, ConA) 诱导的自身免疫性肝炎(autoimmune hepatitis, AIH) 小鼠模型, 评价和探索选择性鞘氨醇-1-磷酸1型受体(sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor subtype 1, S1P1) 调节剂IMMH002 {2-氨基-2-(2-(4ʹ-(2-乙基噁唑-4-基)-[1, 1ʹ-联苯]-4-基)乙基)丙烷-1, 3-二醇} 的药效及作用机制。实验方案按照中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所实验动物伦理委员会指导政策严格执行(批准号: 00004046)。雄性ICR小鼠预防性给予药物4天后, 尾静脉注射ConA蛋白诱导自身免疫性肝炎, 对小鼠肝功能、肝组织病理及外周血五分类进行检测, 并对免疫球蛋白G (immunoglobulin G, IgG)、炎症因子、T细胞分布和炎症通路等进行研究。结果显示, IMMH002可以明显降低谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶等肝功能指标, 减轻肝脏组织炎症和损伤性坏死程度, 降低血清中IgG含量, 并降低白介素6 (interleukin 6, IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子α (tumor necrosis factor α, TNF-α)、白介素1β (interleukin 1β, IL-1β)、干扰素γ (interferon γ, IFN-γ) 等炎症因子的表达, 促进T淋巴细胞归巢, 下调肝脏组织和细胞炎症模型中核因子κB (nuclear factor kappa-B, NF-κB)、IκB激酶β (IκB kinase β, IKKβ) 及核因子抑制蛋白α (nuclear factor inhibitor protein-α, IκBα) 磷酸化蛋白的表达。综上, IMMH002可以显著缓解ConA蛋白诱导的小鼠自身免疫性肝炎, 具有广泛的抗炎、抗损伤坏死的作用, 为临床治疗AIH奠定理论基础。

, correspAuthors=陈晓光, 金晶, 梁泰刚, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*陈晓光, Tel: 86-10-50925159, E-mail: ;
金晶, Tel: 86-10-63165207, E-mail: ;
梁泰刚, Tel: 86-351-3985210, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《药学学报》编辑部2023, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=cj93gSHdhci/tBjmEMmONQ==, magXml=V0CTQJbZiLyzcvqEKtN+NA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=EHmBFZk8AFO9T1uSdDMlPw==, pdfFileSize=4864091, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=puILFU/GCCv/CI6QNMyeIQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=ux4h+RdnouTUFyx7okzbXQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=张春雨, 向楠, 李树颖, 陈晓光, 金晶, 梁泰刚)}, authors=[Author(id=1198960218324431423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656349530849363, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1198960218450260552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656349530849363, authorId=1198960218324431423, language=EN, stringName=Chun-yu ZHANG, firstName=Chun-yu, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1. School of Pharmaceutical Science, Medicinal Basic Research Innovation Center of Chronic Kidney Disease, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
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Inflammation, 2020, 43: 2191-2201., articleTitle=Rhoifolin alleviates inflammation of acute inflammation animal models and LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells via IKKβ/NF-κB signaling pathway, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1198960224716550282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656349530849363, awardId=2019YFE0111800, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划-政府间国际科技创新合作重点专项基金(2019YFE0111800), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1198960224888516760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656349530849363, awardId=20210302123300, language=CN, fundingSource=山西省基础研究计划(20210302123300), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1198960225022734506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656349530849363, awardId=2019YFC1710803, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划(2019YFC1710803), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1198960225152757951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656349530849363, awardId=HQXTCXZXX2016-021, language=CN, fundingSource=山西省“黄芪”资源产业化与产业国际化协同创新中心项目(HQXTCXZXX2016-021), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198960217938555417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656349530849363, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960217959526939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656349530849363, companyId=1198960217938555417, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. School of Pharmaceutical Science, Medicinal Basic Research Innovation Center of Chronic Kidney Disease, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960217967915548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656349530849363, companyId=1198960217938555417, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.山西医科大学药学院, 慢性肾脏疾病药物基础研究教育部创新中心, 山西 太原 030001)]), AuthorCompany(id=1198960218093744677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656349530849363, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960218106327593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656349530849363, companyId=1198960218093744677, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960218114716200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656349530849363, companyId=1198960218093744677, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 北京 100050)]), AuthorCompany(id=1198960218211185204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656349530849363, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960218227962423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656349530849363, companyId=1198960218211185204, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960218236351032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656349530849363, companyId=1198960218211185204, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.烟台大学, 分子药理学与药物评价教育部重点实验室, 先进给药系统与山东高校生物技术药物协同创新中心, 山东 烟台 264005)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1198960222120276869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656349530849363, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=1fFlF1p4CZBJKZaebCivvA==, figureFileBig=hYKesWPbmTyIfGMqXEQzxw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960222216745874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656349530849363, language=CN, label=Figure 1, caption= Therapeutic effect of IMMH002 in the mouse autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) model. A: Flow chart of animal experiment; B: Changes of body weight of mice in each group during administration; C: HE staining microscopic images (200×) of representative liver tissue slices of each group. Black arrows indicate infiltration of inflammatory cells; red arrows indicate cell necrosis; green arrows indicate edema of the cells; D: The degree of liver injury was measured according to Knodell score; E: The content levels of IgG in serum. <i>n</i> = 6, <i><span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black">x</span></i> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>###</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> control group; <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> AIH model group; <sup>△</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>△△</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> bicyclol group , figureFileSmall=1fFlF1p4CZBJKZaebCivvA==, figureFileBig=hYKesWPbmTyIfGMqXEQzxw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960222388712350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656349530849363, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=jCUpFwgtda3JSiWdH7fZ/A==, figureFileBig=QyIWZe99wMjGGeFV0iMMXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960222527124394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656349530849363, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= Effects of IMMH002 on serum biochemical indexes of AIH model mice. The content levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT, A), aspartate aminotransferase (AST, B), total protein (TP, C), albumin (ALB, D), alkaline phosphatase (ALP, E), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT, F), total bilirubin (TBIL, G) and direct bilirubin (DBIL, H) in serum of mice were analyzed. <i>n</i> = 6, <i><span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black">x</span></i> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>#</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>###</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> control group; <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> AIH model group; <sup>△</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>△△</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>△△△</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> bicyclol group , figureFileSmall=jCUpFwgtda3JSiWdH7fZ/A==, figureFileBig=QyIWZe99wMjGGeFV0iMMXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960222724256698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656349530849363, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=2xWqbGX7DkLUs3jFfMBE/Q==, figureFileBig=np8yztJpghTqLfNIxOP7Lw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960222921389008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656349530849363, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= Effects of IMMH002 on five categories of peripheral blood in mice. The contents of white blood cells (WBC, A), lymphocytes (LYM, B), monocytes (MON, C), neutrophils (NEUT, D), eosinophils (EOS, E) and basophils (BAS, F) in peripheral blood of mice. <i>n</i> = 6, <i><span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black">x</span></i> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>#</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>###</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> control group; <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> AIH model group; <sup>△</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>△△</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>△△△</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> bicyclol group , figureFileSmall=2xWqbGX7DkLUs3jFfMBE/Q==, figureFileBig=np8yztJpghTqLfNIxOP7Lw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960223043023836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656349530849363, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=yER70O//JzxF5xOhjkF79A==, figureFileBig=mBAzboPCXqmbzEMSitpQWg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960223198213101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656349530849363, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= Effects of IMMH002 on inflammatory factors in serum and liver tissue of mice with AIH. Serum levels of IL-6 (A) and TNF-<i>α</i> (B) were detected by ELISA. The mRNA expression levels of IL-6 (C), IL-17A (D), TNF-<i>α</i> (E), MCP-1 (F), IL-1<i>β</i> (G), and IFN-<i>γ</i> (H) were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. <i>n</i> = 5, <i>x</i> ± <i>s.</i> <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>###</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> control group; <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> AIH model group; <sup>△</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>△△</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>△△△</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> bicyclol group , figureFileSmall=yER70O//JzxF5xOhjkF79A==, figureFileBig=mBAzboPCXqmbzEMSitpQWg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960223332430845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656349530849363, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=/d0kvVH2gIris/LcWMhFAQ==, figureFileBig=N6rm3wlysae7PlHZ1+J2aw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960223516979216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656349530849363, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption= Effect of IMMH002 on T cell homing. A: Flow cytometry was used to detect the number of CD3<sup>+</sup> T cells in blood, spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes and thymus. The percentage of CD3<sup>+</sup> T cell in the blood (B), spleen (C), mesenteric lymph nodes (D) and thymus (E) of mice. The expression level of T cell marker CD3 protein in liver tissues was detected by Western blot (F), and the analysis of variance was used for statistics (G). <i>n</i> = 5 (B-E), <i>n</i> = 3 (G), <i><span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black">x</span></i> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>#</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>###</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> control group; <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> AIH model group , figureFileSmall=/d0kvVH2gIris/LcWMhFAQ==, figureFileBig=N6rm3wlysae7PlHZ1+J2aw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960223676362787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656349530849363, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=m66S3FahLSGd8rBPp2NRug==, figureFileBig=3o2C4RWw1pv7S7VaodjQ9g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960223865106482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656349530849363, language=CN, label=Figure 6, caption= IMMH002 mitigated changes in IKK<i>β</i>/NF-<i>κ</i>B pathway protein levels in concanavalin A (ConA)-induced AIH. A: The protein expressions and phosphorylation form protein expressions of IKK<i>β</i>, NF-<i>κ</i>B, I<i>κ</i>B<i>α</i>, TAK1 were detected by Western blot. The bands were obtained under the same exposure durations; B-E: The differences between groups were calculated by using ANOVA. <i>n</i> = 3, <i><span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black">x</span></i> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>#</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>###</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> control group; <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> AIH model group. NF-<i>κ</i>B: Nuclear factor kappa-B; IKK<i>β</i>: I<i>κ</i>B kinase <i>β</i>; I<i>κ</i>B<i>α</i>: Nuclear factor inhibitor protein-<i>α</i>; TAK1: TGF beta-activated kinase 1 , figureFileSmall=m66S3FahLSGd8rBPp2NRug==, figureFileBig=3o2C4RWw1pv7S7VaodjQ9g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960224003518526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656349530849363, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=wi/4/akm8W32TZKl6YXgSw==, figureFileBig=4vihb8fzXKwHTCRkIehn4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960224137736274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656349530849363, language=CN, label=Figure 7, caption= IMMH002-P reduces inflammation levels in cells. Cell viability of L02 (A) and Raw264.7 (B) was detected. Western blot of IKK<i>β</i>/NF-<i>κ</i>B signaling pathways in L02 cells (C) and Raw264.7 cells (G). The expression and phosphorylation of IKK<i>β</i>, I<i>κ</i>B<i>α</i> and NF-<i>κ</i>B in L02 cells (D-F) and Raw264.7 cells (H-J) were analyzed. IL-6 levels in the supernatant of L02 cells (K) and Raw264.7 cells (L) were detected by ELISA. <i>n</i> = 3, <i><span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black">x</span></i> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>#</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>###</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> control group; <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> AIH model group , figureFileSmall=wi/4/akm8W32TZKl6YXgSw==, figureFileBig=4vihb8fzXKwHTCRkIehn4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960224297119839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656349530849363, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Gene Forward primer (5′ to 3′) Reverse primer (5′ to 3′)
TNF-α CCCTCACACTCAGATCATCTTCT GCTACGACGTGGGCTACAG
IL-6 TAGTCCTTCCTACCCCAATTTCC TTGGTCCTTAGCCACTCCTTC
IL-1β GCAACTGTTCCTGAACTCAACT ATCTTTTGGGGTCCGTCAACT
IL-17A TTTAACTCCCTTGGCGCAAAA CTTTCCCTCCGCATTGACAC
MCP-1 TTAAAAACCTGGATCGGAACCAA GCATTAGCTTCAGATTTACGGGT
IFN-γ ATGAACGCTACACACTGCATC CCATCCTTTTGCCAGTTCCTC
GAPDH GTGGACCTGACCTGCCGTCT GGAGGAGTGGGTGTCGCTGT
), ArticleFig(id=1198960224469086317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656349530849363, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

Primer sequences. IL: Interleukin; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor α; MCP-1: Monocyte chemotactic protein 1; IFN-γ: Interferon γ

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Gene Forward primer (5′ to 3′) Reverse primer (5′ to 3′)
TNF-α CCCTCACACTCAGATCATCTTCT GCTACGACGTGGGCTACAG
IL-6 TAGTCCTTCCTACCCCAATTTCC TTGGTCCTTAGCCACTCCTTC
IL-1β GCAACTGTTCCTGAACTCAACT ATCTTTTGGGGTCCGTCAACT
IL-17A TTTAACTCCCTTGGCGCAAAA CTTTCCCTCCGCATTGACAC
MCP-1 TTAAAAACCTGGATCGGAACCAA GCATTAGCTTCAGATTTACGGGT
IFN-γ ATGAACGCTACACACTGCATC CCATCCTTTTGCCAGTTCCTC
GAPDH GTGGACCTGACCTGCCGTCT GGAGGAGTGGGTGTCGCTGT
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S1P1调节剂IMMH002对自身免疫性肝炎的治疗作用及机制研究
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张春雨 1, 2 , 向楠 2, 3 , 李树颖 2 , 陈晓光 2, * , 金晶 2, * , 梁泰刚 1, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2023,58(12): 3608-3618
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2023, 58(12): 3608-3618
S1P1调节剂IMMH002对自身免疫性肝炎的治疗作用及机制研究
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张春雨1, 2, 向楠2, 3, 李树颖2, 陈晓光2, * , 金晶2, * , 梁泰刚1, *
作者信息
  • 1.山西医科大学药学院, 慢性肾脏疾病药物基础研究教育部创新中心, 山西 太原 030001
  • 2.中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 北京 100050
  • 3.烟台大学, 分子药理学与药物评价教育部重点实验室, 先进给药系统与山东高校生物技术药物协同创新中心, 山东 烟台 264005

通讯作者:

*陈晓光, Tel: 86-10-50925159, E-mail: ;
金晶, Tel: 86-10-63165207, E-mail: ;
梁泰刚, Tel: 86-351-3985210, E-mail:
The S1P1 regulator IMMH002 and its therapeutic effect and mechanism on autoimmune hepatitis
Chun-yu ZHANG1, 2, Nan XIANG2, 3, Shu-ying LI2, Xiao-guang CHEN2, * , Jing JIN2, * , Tai-gang LIANG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. School of Pharmaceutical Science, Medicinal Basic Research Innovation Center of Chronic Kidney Disease, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
  • 2. State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
  • 3. Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
出版时间: 2023-12-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1197
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本研究采用植物凝集素刀豆球蛋白A (concanavalin A, ConA) 诱导的自身免疫性肝炎(autoimmune hepatitis, AIH) 小鼠模型, 评价和探索选择性鞘氨醇-1-磷酸1型受体(sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor subtype 1, S1P1) 调节剂IMMH002 {2-氨基-2-(2-(4ʹ-(2-乙基噁唑-4-基)-[1, 1ʹ-联苯]-4-基)乙基)丙烷-1, 3-二醇} 的药效及作用机制。实验方案按照中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所实验动物伦理委员会指导政策严格执行(批准号: 00004046)。雄性ICR小鼠预防性给予药物4天后, 尾静脉注射ConA蛋白诱导自身免疫性肝炎, 对小鼠肝功能、肝组织病理及外周血五分类进行检测, 并对免疫球蛋白G (immunoglobulin G, IgG)、炎症因子、T细胞分布和炎症通路等进行研究。结果显示, IMMH002可以明显降低谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶等肝功能指标, 减轻肝脏组织炎症和损伤性坏死程度, 降低血清中IgG含量, 并降低白介素6 (interleukin 6, IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子α (tumor necrosis factor α, TNF-α)、白介素1β (interleukin 1β, IL-1β)、干扰素γ (interferon γ, IFN-γ) 等炎症因子的表达, 促进T淋巴细胞归巢, 下调肝脏组织和细胞炎症模型中核因子κB (nuclear factor kappa-B, NF-κB)、IκB激酶β (IκB kinase β, IKKβ) 及核因子抑制蛋白α (nuclear factor inhibitor protein-α, IκBα) 磷酸化蛋白的表达。综上, IMMH002可以显著缓解ConA蛋白诱导的小鼠自身免疫性肝炎, 具有广泛的抗炎、抗损伤坏死的作用, 为临床治疗AIH奠定理论基础。

自身免疫性肝炎  /  鞘氨醇-1-磷酸1型受体  /  2-氨基-2-(2-(4ʹ-(2-乙基噁唑-4-基)-[1, 1ʹ-联苯]-4-基)乙基)丙烷-1, 3-二醇  /  肝损伤  /  淋巴细胞归巢

This study assessed and explored the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of action of IMMH002 {2-amino-2-(2-(4ʹ-(2-ethyloxazol-4-yl)-[1, 1ʹ-biphenyl]-4-yl)ethyl)propane-1, 3-dio}, a selective sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor subtype 1 (S1P1) modulator, in a concanavalin A (ConA)-induced autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) mouse model. The experimental protocol strictly adhered to the guidelines of the Ethics Committee for Animal Research of the Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (Approval No.: 00004046). Male ICR mice were pre-treated with the drug for four days, followed by induction of AIH through tail vein injection of ConA protein. Liver function, hepatic tissue pathology, peripheral blood parameters, as well as immunoglobulin G (IgG), inflammatory cytokines, T cell distribution, and inflammatory pathways were evaluated in mice. Results demonstrated that IMMH002 significantly reduced liver function indicators such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alleviated hepatic tissue inflammation and necrotic damage, decreased serum IgG levels, and lowered the expression of inflammatory mediators including interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and interferon γ (IFN-γ). Additionally, it facilitated T lymphocyte homing, downregulated the phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), IκB kinase β (IKKβ) and nuclear factor inhibitor protein-α (IκBα) proteins in hepatic tissue and cellular inflammation models. Collectively, IMMH002 effectively ameliorated ConA-induced autoimmune hepatitis in mice, exhibiting extensive anti-inflammatory and anti-necrotic effects, thereby laying a theoretical foundation for AIH clinical treatment.

autoimmune hepatitis  /  sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor subtype 1  /  2-amino-2-(2-(4ʹ-(2-ethyloxazol-4-yl)-[1, 1ʹ-biphenyl]-4-yl)ethyl)propane-1, 3-dio  /  liver injury  /  lymphocyte homing
张春雨, 向楠, 李树颖, 陈晓光, 金晶, 梁泰刚. S1P1调节剂IMMH002对自身免疫性肝炎的治疗作用及机制研究. 药学学报, 2023 , 58 (12) : 3608 -3618 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1197
Chun-yu ZHANG, Nan XIANG, Shu-ying LI, Xiao-guang CHEN, Jing JIN, Tai-gang LIANG. The S1P1 regulator IMMH002 and its therapeutic effect and mechanism on autoimmune hepatitis[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2023 , 58 (12) : 3608 -3618 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1197
自身免疫性肝炎(autoimmune hepatitis, AIH) 是一种免疫介导的肝脏炎症性疾病, 病因复杂, 大多与遗传易感性、性别、年龄、环境、药物和机体免疫系统相关[1], 主要表现为肝功能异常, 出现以淋巴细胞、浆细胞浸润为主的界面性肝炎, 转氨酶和免疫球蛋白G增高, 严重者会导致肝硬化和肝衰竭。据统计, 80%以上AIH患者为女性[2], 大多患者必须长期接受类固醇激素(泼尼松、布地奈德等) 和免疫抑制剂(硫唑嘌呤等) 治疗[3], 但会造成库欣样特征、骨质疏松症、糖尿病、白内障和高血压等不良反应, 严重影响患者生活质量[4, 5]。因此, 针对AIH的发病机制, 研究并寻找对该疾病有显著治疗效果且不良反应较小的药物具有重要的意义。
研究表明, T淋巴细胞介导的免疫反应在AIH中发挥重要作用, 主要为CD4+ T细胞、Treg细胞和CD8+ T细胞数量和功能的紊乱, 引起免疫调节失衡和免疫缺陷, 从而导致对抗原的免疫应答不足, 进而产生肝脏组织的炎症反应和损伤[6, 7]。IMMH002 {2-氨基-2-(2-(4'-(2-乙基噁唑-4-基)-[1, 1'-联苯]-4-基)乙基)丙烷-1, 3-二醇} 是由中国医学科学院药物研究所研发的一种新型选择性鞘氨醇-1-磷酸1型受体(sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor subtype 1, S1P1) 调节剂, 前期研究表明[8], 其体内活性物质IMMH002-P {2-氨基-4-(4'-(2-乙基噁唑-4-基)-[1, 1'-联苯]-4-基)-2-(羟甲基)丁基磷酸二氢酯} 使用β-arrestin方法检测激活S1P1的EC50为12.4 nmol·L-1, IMMH002能够通过诱导淋巴细胞归巢有效治疗银屑病等自身免疫性疾病[9], 并通过屏障保护改善肺纤维化[10]。刀豆球蛋白A (concanavalin A, ConA) 诱导的AIH小鼠模型是一种用于研究T细胞依赖性肝损伤的典型且成熟的模型[11, 12], 是评估AIH候选药物活性广泛应用的实验动物模型。本研究采用ConA诱导AIH小鼠模型, 探讨IMMH002对AIH保护作用, 为AIH治疗提供潜在策略。
实验动物  雄性SPF级ICR小鼠(18~20 g) 36只, 购于北京华阜康生物科技股份有限公司, 许可证号SCXK (京) 2019-0008, 饲养于中国医学科学院药物研究所实验动物中心, 自由摄食饮水, 室温22~25 ℃, 相对湿度55%~65%, 12 h光照周期, 所有实验动物均按照中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所实验动物伦理委员会指导政策严格执行(NO. 00004046)。
实验细胞  人正常肝细胞L02细胞和小鼠巨噬细胞Raw264.7细胞均购自中国医学科学院基础医学研究所细胞中心。
试剂及仪器  IMMH002及IMMH002-P由中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所(中国北京) 尹大力教授课题组合成和提供; 双环醇(bicyclol) 由北京协和药厂提供。
ConA、脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide, LPS) 购于美国Sigma-Aldrich公司; 谷丙转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase, ALT)、谷草转氨酶(aspartate aminotransferase, AST)、总蛋白(total protein, TP)、白蛋白(albumin, ALB)、血清碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase, ALP)、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(gamma-glutamyltransferase, GGT)、总胆红素(total bilirubin, TBIL)、直接胆红素(direct bilirubin, DBIL) 检测试剂盒均购于北京中生北控生物科技股份有限公司; 4%多聚甲醛、RIPA裂解液、蛋白酶抑制剂、磷酸酶抑制剂购于北京索莱宝科技有限公司; 小鼠白介素6 (interleukin 6, IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子α (tumor necrosis factor α, TNF-α)、IgG ELISA检测试剂盒及人IL-6 ELISA检测试剂盒均购于武汉伊莱瑞特生物科技股份有限公司; CellTiter-Glo检测试剂盒(Promega公司); Transzol Up Plus RNA Kit高纯度RNA提取试剂盒、TransScript All-in-One First-Strand cDNA Synthesis SuperMix for qPCR逆转录试剂盒(北京全式金生物技术股份有限公司); Hieff qPCR SYBR Green Master Mix试剂盒[翌圣生物科技(上海) 股份有限公司]; APC/Cyanine7抗小鼠CD45抗体(APC/Cyanine7 anti-mouse CD45 antibody, Cat#103116)、PE/Cyanine7抗小鼠CD19抗体(PE/Cyanine7 anti-mouse CD19 antibody, Cat#115520)、PE抗小鼠CD3抗体(PE anti-mouse CD3 antibody, Cat#100206)、FITC抗小鼠CD4抗体(FITC anti-mouse CD4 antibody, Cat#100406)、APC抗小鼠CD8a抗体(APC anti-mouse CD8a antibody, Cat#100712)、纯化抗CD16/CD32抗体(purified anti-CD16/CD32 antibody, Cat#101320) 均购于BioLegend公司; BCA定量试剂盒购于北京康为试剂生物技术有限公司; mouse β-actin antibody (北京中杉金桥生物技术有限公司); CD3 rabbit mAb (Proteintech公司); 核因子κB (nuclear factor kappa-B, NF-κB) p65 (D14E12) rabbit mAb、phospho-NF-κB p65 (Ser536) (93H1) rabbit mAb、IκB激酶β (IκB kinase β, IKKβ) (D30C6) rabbit mAb、phospho-IKKα/β (Ser176/180) rabbit mAb、核因子抑制蛋白α (nuclear factor inhibitor protein-α, IκBα) (L35A5) mouse mAb、phospho-IκBα (Ser32) (14D4) rabbit mAb、转化生长因子激酶1 (TGF beta-activated kinase 1, TAK1) (D94D7) rabbit mAb均购于Cell Signaling Technology公司。
全自动化学发光图像分析仪Tanon 5200Multi (上海天能科技有限公司); BD FACSVerse流式细胞仪(美国Becton Dickinson公司); SYNERGY H1多功能酶标仪(美国BIO-TEK公司); Bio-Rad凝胶电泳系统、Bio-Rad T100热循环PCR仪(美国Bio-Rad公司); 全自动血液分析仪MEK-6318 (日本光电工业株式会社); 全自动血生化仪TBA-40FR ACCUTE (日本东芝公司); AX30 Observer倒置荧光显微镜(德国蔡司公司); KEDEE KD-BM生物组织包埋机(浙江省金华市科迪仪器设备有限公司); LEICA RM2016组织切片机(上海徕卡仪器有限公司); XM-650DT一体式超声波细胞破碎机(小美超声仪器有限公司)。
动物实验  将小鼠随机分为正常组、AIH模型组、阳性药组(bicyclol 200 mg·kg-1)、IMMH002低、中、高剂量组(1、3、6 mg·kg-1), 每组6只, 每天一次口服给药。
给药第4天, AIH模型组、阳性药组、IMMH002给药组分别按照20 mg·kg-1尾静脉注射ConA溶液建立AIH模型, 正常组小鼠尾静脉注射等量生理盐水。造模后禁食不禁水, 12~16 h后对所有小鼠进行取材。眼球取血后, 颈椎脱臼法处死小鼠, 分离脾脏、胸腺、肠系膜淋巴结和肝脏。
细胞培养  人正常肝细胞L02在含有1%青链霉素混合液和10%胎牛血清的DMEM培养基于37 ℃、5% CO2的培养箱中培养, 传代时使用0.25%胰蛋白酶-0.05% EDTA进行消化; 小鼠巨噬细胞Raw264.7细胞在含有1%青链霉素混合液和10%胎牛血清的RPMI 1640培养基于37 ℃、5% CO2的培养箱中培养。
细胞活力检测  将L02细胞以每孔5×103个接种到96孔板上, 用终浓度为100 ng·mL-1 LPS激活细胞, 加入终浓度为0.1、1、10、100 nmol·L-1 IMMH002-P, 孵育24 h, 空白对照组只给予溶剂, 使用CellTiter-Glo检测试剂盒检测细胞活力。Raw264.7细胞以每孔1×104个接种到96孔板上, 加入不同浓度的IMMH002-P预先孵育2 h后, 用终浓度为10 μg·mL-1 ConA刺激, 对照组只给予溶剂, 12 h后检测细胞活力。
外周血五分类计数  每只小鼠取20 μL全血加入2 mL稀释液中, 混合均匀。用全自动血液分析仪检测小鼠白细胞、淋巴细胞、单核细胞、中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞的占比。
血生化仪检测肝功能指标  外周血室温静置2 h, 4 000 r·min-1, 离心15 min, 取上层血清, -80 ℃冰箱保存。使用全自动血生化仪检测ALT、AST、TP、ALB、ALP、GGT、TBIL、DBIL的含量。
酶联免疫吸附实验  使用小鼠IL-6、TNF-α、IgG ELISA检测试剂盒检测小鼠外周血血清中IL-6、TNF-α、IgG的含量。使用小鼠IL-6 ELISA检测试剂盒检测Raw264.7细胞培养上清中IL-6含量, 使用人IL-6 ELISA检测试剂盒检测L02细胞培养上清中IL-6含量。
肝组织病理学检测  将肝脏组织在4%多聚甲醛溶液中固定24 h, 对目的位置进行脱水、二甲苯透明、浸蜡和包埋, 切片机进行4 μm切片, 将组织黏粘于载玻片之上。脱水、染色、脱蜡、HE染色、中性树脂胶封固, 于光镜观察并显微拍照。
实时荧光定量PCR检测mRNA表达  使用高纯度RNA提取试剂盒提取小鼠肝脏总RNA, 并定量。使用逆转录试剂盒将RNA进行逆转录, 按照说明书在冰上配制相应体系, 混匀后, 于热循环PCR仪中, 设定程序为: 42 ℃ 15 min, 85 ℃ 5 s, 4 ℃ ∞。最后进行实时荧光定量PCR检测, 在冰上配制总体系10 μL的cDNA和引物混合品。引物序列见表 1
流式细胞分析术  将小鼠外周血、脾脏、胸腺、肠系膜淋巴结组织, 分别进行流式细胞分析技术。外周血中加1%肝素钠抗凝, 脾脏、胸腺、肠系膜淋巴结研磨, 加红细胞裂解液冰上破红10 min, PBS重悬洗2次, 加入anti-CD16/CD32抗体冰上封闭10 min, CD45、CD19、CD3、CD4、CD8染色25 min, 2%多聚甲醛固定, 使用BD流式细胞仪进行流式细胞检测。
蛋白免疫印迹法检测蛋白表达  取小鼠肝脏组织30 mg, 加入含1%蛋白酶抑制剂和1%磷酸酶抑制剂的高效RIPA裂解液100 μL, 用细胞超声破碎仪在40 W功率下充分裂解组织, 并冰上裂解30 min。超速离心机在4 ℃、12 000 ×g下离心20 min后, 收集细胞裂解液后进行蛋白定量和电泳。转膜后进行抗体孵育和显色。最后使用ImageJ对Western blot结果进行灰度分析, GraphPad Prism 8.0进行统计绘图。
统计学方法  统计分析采用GraphPad Prism 8.0软件进行统计分析。用x ± s表示, 两组间比较采用独立样本t检验, 多组间比较采用单因素方差分析(ANOVA)。P < 0.05认为有统计学意义。
造模流程如图 1A, 预防性给药前后各组小鼠毛发光亮, 饮食进水、排便、精神状态正常, 体重稳步增加(图 1B); 与对照组相比, AIH模型组小鼠肝脏体积明显变大, 表面散布多个、大小不等的黑色斑点, 脾脏体积明显变大, 颜色变黑, 质地变脆; 与AIH模型相比, 阳性药组小鼠肝脏表面黑斑明显减少; IMMH002高剂量给药组小鼠肝脏组织相较模型组明显变光滑。在图 1C中可以看出, 对照组小鼠肝脏组织形态结构正常, 肝索清晰完整, 无明显炎症细胞浸润, 肝细胞未见异常。与对照组相比, 模型组小鼠肝索紊乱, 肝窦变窄或消失, 肝细胞明显出现水肿、胞质淡染、空泡样变(图 1C中绿色箭头), 肝窦内可见局灶性瘀血, 并伴有炎症细胞浸润(图 1C中黑色箭头) 和肝细胞坏死(图 1C中红色箭头)。与模型组相比, IMMH002高剂量组肝细胞坏死、空泡样变和炎症细胞浸润明显减少, 肝脏损伤程度明显减轻, 组织结构接近正常。依据Knodell评分标准评价肝损伤, 统计图(图 1D) 显示, IMMH002可以明显改善ConA诱导的肝脏损伤程度。免疫球蛋白G抗体常作为检测自免肝炎的指标之一, 检测血清中IgG, 见图 1E, AIH模型组IgG明显升高, IMMH002治疗组有呈剂量依赖性降低趋势, 高剂量治疗组与双环醇降低水平相当。以上结果提示, IMMH002可减轻肝脏损伤。
结果如图 2所示, 与对照组比较, 模型组小鼠血清中ALT、AST及TBIL水平显著升高(P < 0.001), ALP和DBIL水平明显升高(P < 0.01), TP水平有升高趋势(P < 0.05), ALB水平显著降低(P < 0.001), 表明ConA造模方法可以造成明显的肝脏损伤; 与模型组比较, 双环醇可以显著性降低ALT水平(P < 0.001), 但对AST水平降低不明显; IMMH002对ALT、AST、DBIL水平呈剂量依赖性降低, 对ALB水平呈剂量依赖性升高。IMMH002的低剂量给药组对AST水平的降低超过阳性药组, 并与模型组相比具有统计学差异(P < 0.05); IMMH002中高剂量给药组对AST降低效果明显优于阳性药组(P < 0.05)。结果显示, IMMH002对于ConA诱导的小鼠AIH模型具有很好的肝脏保护作用。
结果如图 3所示, 与对照组比较, 模型组小鼠外周血中白细胞(P < 0.01)、淋巴细胞(P < 0.01)、单核细胞(P < 0.001)、嗜酸性粒细胞(P < 0.05) 明显升高, 具有统计学差异, 中性粒细胞有上升趋势。与AIH模型组相比, 阳性药组表现出对白细胞、淋巴细胞、单核细胞的降低趋势; IMMH002给药组对白细胞(P < 0.05)、淋巴细胞(P < 0.05)、单核细胞(P < 0.001) 的降低呈剂量依赖性。IMMH002给药组对白细胞(P < 0.01)、淋巴细胞(P < 0.05)、单核细胞(P < 0.001) 降低效果显著优于阳性药组, 其中IMMH002高剂量给药组中嗜酸性粒细胞降低(P < 0.05), 中性粒细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞变化不明显, 均无统计学差异。小鼠外周血五分类结果显示, IMMH002可以降低白细胞、淋巴细胞和单核细胞的数量, 改善炎症, 具有一定治疗意义。
为研究小鼠细胞因子变化情况, 检测不同组别血清样本中IL-6、TNF-α含量水平和肝脏组织匀浆中IL-6、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-17A、MCP-1、IFN-γ表达情况。如图 4所示, 与对照组相比, 经ConA诱导后AIH模型组小鼠血清IL-6、TNF-α (P < 0.001) 和肝脏组织匀浆中的促炎细胞因子(IL-6、IL-17A、TNF-α、MCP-1、IL-1β、IFN-γ) 表达水平显著升高(P < 0.01)。与AIH模型组相比, 经IMMH002治疗后, 中、高剂量组中IL-6、TNF-α细胞因子水平显著下降(P < 0.01), 肝脏组织中IL-6 (P < 0.001)、IL-1β (P < 0.001)、TNF-α (P < 0.01)、IFN-γ (P < 0.01)、IL-17A (P < 0.05)、MCP-1 (P < 0.05) 表达水平明显下降, 并呈剂量依赖性。IMMH002高剂量治疗组降低炎症因子效果与阳性药组相当, 其中血清中TNF-α含量及肝脏组织中IL-1β、IFN-γ表达量甚至低于阳性药组(P < 0.05)。
流式细胞术评价ConA诱导处理小鼠的淋巴细胞在血液、脾脏、胸腺和肠系膜淋巴结中的T细胞数量(图 5A)。Western blot法检测肝脏组织中T细胞标志物CD3的表达。与AIH模型组相比, IMMH002高剂量给药组中血液和脾脏中的CD3+ T细胞显著减少(P < 0.05, 图 5BC), 而肠系膜淋巴结(P < 0.01) 和胸腺(P < 0.05) 中的CD3+ T细胞增加(图 5DE); 在图 5FG中肝脏组织中T细胞标志物CD3蛋白含量明显降低(P < 0.05)。综上, IMMH002可以降低血和脾脏中的T细胞, 下调肝脏组织中CD3蛋白表达, 增加胸腺和肠系膜淋巴结中T细胞数量, 促进T细胞归巢, 进一步说明S1P1调节剂IMMH002通过促进淋巴细胞归巢来缓解AIH。
NF-κB通路是经典炎症通路, 通过对各组小鼠肝脏组织中不同蛋白的表达来判断IMMH002缓解AIH作用通路。如图 6所示, 利用Western blot对小鼠肝脏组织匀浆中p-IKKβ、IKKβ、p-IκBα、IκBα、p-NF-κB、NF-κB、TAK1和β-actin蛋白表达量进行检测, 结果显示, ConA蛋白诱导后p-IKKβ、p-IκBα、p-NF-κB、TAK1蛋白表达显著升高, IMMH002治疗后可以显著抑制IKKβ、IκBα、NF-κB的磷酸化和TAK1蛋白的表达。S1P1调节剂IMMH002通过抑制IKKβ/NF-κB通路来缓解小鼠AIH的炎症。
IMMH002-P是IMMH002在体内的活性物质, 使用IMMH002-P来研究细胞中抗炎治疗效果及作用机制。如图 7AB中对细胞活力进行检测结果显示, IMMH002-P无论是否存在外界刺激对L02和Raw264.7细胞的活力均无抑制作用; 图 7C中显示, IMMH002-P在ConA刺激的人正常肝细胞L02的肝炎细胞模型中可以显著降低p-IKKβ (图 7D)、p-IκBα (图 7E)、p-NF-κB (图 7F) 蛋白水平; 图 7G中显示IMMH002-P在LPS刺激的小鼠巨噬细胞Raw264.7的经典炎症细胞模型中也可以显著性降低p-IKKβ (图 7H)、p-IκBα (图 7I)、p-NF-κB (图 7J) 蛋白水平; 对两种不同细胞炎症模型培养上清中炎症因子IL-6含量进行检测, 结果(图 7KL) 显示, 在1 nmol·L-1 IMMH002-P浓度下, IL-6含量与模型组相比显著降低。结果表明, IMMH002-P治疗后可以显著降低p-IKKβ、p-IκBα、p-NF-κB蛋白的表达, 降低炎症因子IL-6分泌, 从而缓解不同刺激下细胞炎症, 发挥治疗作用。
AIH是一种由自身免疫系统介导, 在环境因素诱导下发生的肝脏自我破坏性肝病, 所有年龄段人群均有发病, 且女性高发, 占总发病人群80%~85%[13, 14]。AIH发病机制尚不明确, 但目前被认为是由遗传因素、环境因素和机体免疫系统失调相互介导, 从而引起肝细胞慢性炎症, 最终导致肝脏纤维化甚至衰竭。在免疫系统中, 抗原呈递细胞将自身抗原呈递到幼稚的CD4+ T细胞中, 促进细胞因子分泌, 引起Th1、Th2和Th17细胞的发育, 刺激CD8+ T细胞、B细胞和浆细胞的成熟产生自身抗体; Th17细胞数量增加促进肝纤维化, 其分泌促炎细胞因子抑制Treg细胞; Treg细胞数量减少导致机体对自身抗原的耐受性受损, 从而引起AIH[3]。目前治疗AIH的临床药物主要有类固醇激素类药物(泼尼松、布地奈德等) 和免疫抑制剂(硫唑嘌呤等) 两大类, 但类固醇激素类药物剂量灵活性低, 长期治疗会导致患者出现糖尿病、向心性肥胖、骨质疏松等症状, 硫唑嘌呤治疗早期存在重度白细胞减少和脱发的可能性[15, 16]。现有药物毒副作用明显, 所以临床亟需治疗AIH且毒副作用小的药物。
鞘氨醇1-磷酸(S1P) 是一种具有多效性的鞘脂类代谢产物, 多效性由其5个G蛋白偶联的受体(S1PR1~5) 来调节, 与不同亚型的受体结合可激活不同的信号通路, 发挥细胞增殖和迁移、免疫反应、神经发育、血小板聚集和血管生成等作用[17], 其中S1P1是淋巴细胞表面重要受体, 介导淋巴细胞归巢。芬戈莫德(FTY720) 是首个获批上市的S1P1激动剂, 可通过S1P1直接改变抗原激活的CD4+ T细胞的运输, 抑制淋巴细胞从次级淋巴组织和胸腺排出[18, 19], 用于多发性硬化症治疗。研究表明, FTY720对自身免疫性相关的疾病[20, 21]也有一定治疗效果, 在免疫性肝损伤中具有一定的调节作用, 可改善肝脏病理损伤[22, 23]。但FTY720由于选择性差, 存在一定的不良反应, 容易出现短暂性心动过缓以及房室传导阻滞、黄斑水肿、高血压等[24]
本研究中的IMMH002是由中国医学科学院药物研究所研制出的一种新型S1P1调节剂, 较FTY720具有更高的选择性。前期研究[9-11]发现, IMMH002可以通过诱导淋巴细胞归巢调节CD3+ T淋巴细胞的再分布; 在咪喹莫特诱导的小鼠银屑病模型中, IMMH002显著降低了皮肤中的T淋巴细胞数量, 增加胸腺中T淋巴细胞, 促进T淋巴细胞归巢, 从而使小鼠皮肤炎症得到有效缓解, 并且具有良好的药代动力学特征。因此, 将IMMH002作为研究对象, 来评价其对ConA诱导小鼠AIH治疗作用。
与既往研究一致, ConA诱导后小鼠肝脏和脾脏均发生明显变化, 机体免疫相关细胞被激活, 产生炎症因子和相关抗体, 从而引起肝脏组织中细胞坏死、空泡样变和炎症细胞聚集, 造成血清中转氨酶升高[25-29], AIH模型组小鼠血清中转氨酶和IgG水平显著升高[30, 31]。IMMH002治疗后ALT、AST、ALP等肝功指标和IgG水平均显著性降低, 并且肝脏组织中坏死、空泡和炎症细胞明显减少, 表明IMMH002治疗后有效缓解淋巴细胞、巨噬细胞和单核细胞浸润, 抑制T淋巴细胞进攻肝脏, 改善肝脏损伤及炎症反应。
在T细胞介导的AIH中, TNF-α、IL-6、IFN-γ和IL-17A水平升高可作为肝脏炎症的重要信号[32], 其中TNF-α在AIH诱导肝损伤的发病机制中起重要作用[33], 检测血清和肝脏组织中TNF-α等细胞因子的含量可以评价AIH中炎症和损伤程度。ConA诱导AIH模型组细胞炎症因子水平升高, 主要是由T细胞激活和募集到肝脏驱动的[34], 巨噬细胞和CD4+ T细胞被激活产生TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β、IFN-γ及IL-17A等细胞炎症因子, 最终导致肝脏炎症和损伤。IMMH002治疗后血清和肝脏组织中IL-6、TNF-α等炎症因子水平均发生明显下降, 进一步说明了IMMH002可以通过抑制细胞因子的产生来改善AIH动物模型中的炎症损伤, 推测是由于IMMH002调节S1P1受体, 介导淋巴细胞归巢, 减少淋巴细胞在外周血和肝脏组织中的募集, 从而降低炎症因子水平。
对T淋巴细胞分布进行研究, 发现IMMH002治疗后T淋巴细胞在外周血、脾脏和肝脏中含量降低, 在胸腺和淋巴结中含量升高, 推测IMMH002可以诱导淋巴细胞归巢, 调节T淋巴细胞的再分布, 抑制淋巴细胞从次级淋巴组织和胸腺排出, 从而改善机体对肝细胞产生自身抗体和自身反应性T细胞所导致的肝脏炎症。本研究发现, IMMH002治疗后肝脏组织中NF-κB、IKKβ和IκBα 3种蛋白磷酸化水平降低; 在ConA诱导的L02人肝细胞模型中, IMMH002-P治疗后IKKβ和IκBα蛋白磷酸化水平明显降低; 在LPS诱导的Raw264.7细胞炎症模型中, IMMH002-P治疗后IKKβ和NF-κB蛋白磷酸化水平也显著降低, 证明IMMH002也可以通过抑制IKKβ和IκBα的磷酸化水平来抑制NF-κB磷酸化的表达[35], 从而起到抗炎作用, 更好地说明了IMMH002可以缓解炎症, 治疗小鼠AIH。
本文研究一种新型的S1P1调节剂IMMH002对ConA诱导的小鼠AIH的治疗作用。研究表明, IMMH002可以降低AST、ALT、GGT、ALP、DBIl等肝生化指标和免疫球蛋白G含量, 对肝脏损伤和炎症浸润有明显缓解作用, 使血清和肝脏中炎症因子的表达含量降低, 并且降低外周血、脾脏和肝脏中T细胞含量, 增加胸腺和肠系膜淋巴结中的T细胞, 促进T细胞归巢; 并可以通过抑制IKKβ/NF-κB通路下调IKKβ、IκBα和NF-κB磷酸化蛋白的表达来缓解炎症反应。本研究为IMMH002治疗AIH提供了实验依据, 也为AIH临床治疗提供了新思路。
致谢: 感谢中国医学科学院药物研究所尹大力课题组为本研究提供IMMH002和IMMH002-P化合物; 感谢中国医学科学院药物研究所甘文强老师对肝脏病理分析提供的帮助。
作者贡献: 张春雨负责实验操作、数据处理及文章撰写; 向楠协助动物实验及流式数据分析; 李树颖协助动物实验; 陈晓光、金晶和梁泰刚负责提供研究思路和文章的修改。
利益冲突: 所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突。
  • 国家重点研发计划-政府间国际科技创新合作重点专项基金(2019YFE0111800)
  • 山西省基础研究计划(20210302123300)
  • 国家重点研发计划(2019YFC1710803)
  • 山西省“黄芪”资源产业化与产业国际化协同创新中心项目(HQXTCXZXX2016-021)
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2023年第58卷第12期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1197
  • 接收时间:2023-10-23
  • 首发时间:2025-11-21
  • 出版时间:2023-12-12
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  • 收稿日期:2023-10-23
  • 修回日期:2023-11-13
基金
国家重点研发计划-政府间国际科技创新合作重点专项基金(2019YFE0111800)
山西省基础研究计划(20210302123300)
国家重点研发计划(2019YFC1710803)
山西省“黄芪”资源产业化与产业国际化协同创新中心项目(HQXTCXZXX2016-021)
作者信息
    1.山西医科大学药学院, 慢性肾脏疾病药物基础研究教育部创新中心, 山西 太原 030001
    2.中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 北京 100050
    3.烟台大学, 分子药理学与药物评价教育部重点实验室, 先进给药系统与山东高校生物技术药物协同创新中心, 山东 烟台 264005

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*陈晓光, Tel: 86-10-50925159, E-mail: ;
金晶, Tel: 86-10-63165207, E-mail: ;
梁泰刚, Tel: 86-351-3985210, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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