Article(id=1200500166177453042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1200500165426672625, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1118, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1695744000000, receivedDateStr=2023-09-27, revisedDate=1706544000000, revisedDateStr=2024-01-30, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764151143831, onlineDateStr=2025-11-26, pubDate=1718121600000, pubDateStr=2024-06-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764151143831, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764151143831, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764151143831, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1200500165426672625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2024', volume='59', issue='6', pageStart='1509', pageEnd='1896', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764151143651, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764225143180, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200810542001680840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1200500165426672625, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200810542001680841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1200500165426672625, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1680, endPage=1690, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1200500166521385973, articleId=1200500166177453042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Establishment and evaluation methods of a novel animal model of liver depression transforming into fire syndrome-related depression, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Through a compound induction method, combined with neurobehavioral, macroscopic characterization and objective pathological evaluation indicators, a murine depression model of liver depression transforming into fire syndrome was constructed and confirmed. The model was constructed using a combination of sleep deprivation, light exposure, and alternate-day food deprivation. Evaluation was conducted at three levels: face validity, constructs validity, and predictive validity. The establishment of the liver depression transforming into fire syndrome depression model was further validated through the counterproof of traditional Chinese medicine formulas. In terms of face validity, compared to the control group, mice in the model group exhibited typical depressive symptoms in neurobehavioral assessments; the general observation of the model group mice reveals disheveled and lackluster fur, along with delayed and easily agitated responses. Additionally, there is a substantial increase in water consumption. In the sleep phase detection of mouse, the model group showed a significant increase in the proportion of time spent in the wake phase during sleep, accompanied by a significant decrease in the proportions of time spent in both non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep phases. There are significant differences in physiological indicators such as average blood flow velocity, blood flow rate, tongue, urine, and claw color (r values) in the internal carotid artery. Structural validity demonstrated that levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), dopamine (DA), and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the hippocampus of model mice decreased significantly, while acetylcholine (ACh), tryptophan (Try), and glutamic acid (Glu) levels increased significantly. Treatment with Danzhi Xiaoyao San led to varying degrees of restoration in the aforementioned neurotransmitters. In terms of predictive validity, the antidepressant paroxetine effectively ameliorated depressive behaviors in the model mice, and the classic formula Danzhi Xiaoyao San demonstrated varying degrees of improvement in depression-related indicators. In conclusion, this study has established a novel animal model of liver-stagnation with the fire depression, thereby expanding the repertoire of traditional Chinese medicine depression models. This development contributes to the diversification of melancholic syndrome models in Chinese medicine, offering a broader spectrum of options for scientific exploration, efficacy evaluation, and drug screening in the future prevention and treatment of depression with traditional Chinese medicine. Animal experiments were conducted with the approval and supervision of the Animal Ethics Committee of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (ethics number: 20230313040).

, correspAuthors=Ya-li LIU, Yong-gui SONG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Dan SU, Jian LI, Gen-hua ZHU, Ming YANG, Liang-liang LIAO, Zhi-fu AI, Hui-zhen LI, Ya-li LIU, Yong-gui SONG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1200500168668868666, articleId=1200500166177453042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=一种新型肝郁化火型抑郁症动物模型的建立及评价方法, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

通过一种复合诱导方法, 结合神经行为学、宏观表征以及客观病理评价指标, 构建并确证小鼠肝郁化火证抑郁模型。采用睡眠剥夺结合光照和隔天给粮刺激的方法进行构建, 并从表观效度、结构效度和预测效度3个层次展开评估, 再经由方剂反证所建立的肝郁化火型抑郁模型。表观效度中, 与空白组相比, 模型小鼠神经行为学表现为典型的抑郁样症状; 一般状态观察显示模型组小鼠毛发乱而无光泽, 且反应迟钝易激惹, 饮水量大幅增加; 小鼠睡眠时相检测中, 模型小鼠睡眠觉醒期所占时间比显著上升, 非快速眼动睡眠期和快速眼动睡眠期所占时间比显著下降; 颈内动脉平均血流速度、血流量、舌、尿液、爪色r值等生理性指标变化有显著性差异; 结构效度显示, 与空白组相比, 模型小鼠海马中五羟色胺、多巴胺、γ-氨基丁酸显著下降, 乙酰胆碱、色氨酸、谷氨酸水平显著上升, 给予丹栀逍遥散治疗后, 以上神经递质皆有不同程度回调。预测效度中, 治疗药物帕罗西汀可有效改善模型小鼠的抑郁样行为; 肝郁化火经典方丹栀逍遥散可不同程度回调抑郁及相关证候各项指标。本研究建立了一种新型肝郁化火型抑郁动物模型, 扩充了中医证候抑郁模型的种类, 为今后中医药防治抑郁症的科学内涵研究、药效评价以及药物筛选提供了更多选择。动物实验获得江西中医药大学动物伦理实验委员会的批准和监督(伦理编号: 20230313040)。

, correspAuthors=刘亚丽, 宋永贵, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*刘亚丽, Tel: 18007092727, E-mail: ;
宋永贵, Tel: 18079131056, E-mail:
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A: Schematic diagram and experimental trajectory of the open field test; B: Number of entries into the center of the open field; C: Time spent in the center of the open field; D: Schematic diagram of the elevated plus maze; E: Time spent in the open arms during the elevated plus maze test (EPM); F: Immobility time in the tail suspension test (TST); G: Immobility time in the forced swim test (FST). <i>n</i> = 10, <span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black"><i>x</i></span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 , figureFileSmall=ppOqPZUvaYuvY9NwT3Yy9w==, figureFileBig=RsXFT/jrodrbusX4cmkypA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201118440821055626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200500166177453042, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=vFg1gk2qrUDMvKVCEiohVg==, figureFileBig=2cvxGhwP1HUHZErQB5bKOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201118440984633494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200500166177453042, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= Behavioral experiment results after paroxetine administration. A: Immobility time in the TST; B: Immobility time in the FST; C: Number of entries into the open arms during the EPM; D: Number of entries into the center of the open field. <i>n</i> = 10, <span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black"><i>x</i></span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 , figureFileSmall=vFg1gk2qrUDMvKVCEiohVg==, figureFileBig=2cvxGhwP1HUHZErQB5bKOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201118441118851228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200500166177453042, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=Sh6n3qhtdDwhOLSwvUOjZQ==, figureFileBig=lX9E/RjVAPYGv893J/D6rA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201118441303400614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200500166177453042, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= Mouse water intake. <i>n</i> = 10, <span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black"><i>x</i></span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 , figureFileSmall=Sh6n3qhtdDwhOLSwvUOjZQ==, figureFileBig=lX9E/RjVAPYGv893J/D6rA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201118442482000047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200500166177453042, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=PQpjDRYwv1gPNDI3qme/YQ==, figureFileBig=neER5cmWUzfEDl9Mm20vzQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201118442729463991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200500166177453042, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption= Representative images and r values of mouse claw, tongue, and urine. 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A: Open field test trajectory; B: Number of entries into the center of the open field; C: Total traveled distance; D: Average movement speed in the open field; E: Time spent in the center of the open field; F: Time spent by mice in the open arms; G: Time spent by mice in the closed arms; H: Immobility time in FST; I: Immobility time in the TST. <i>n</i> = 10, <span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black"><i>x</i></span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 , figureFileSmall=MQCLO68Madi5f25V2Cuj6g==, figureFileBig=RYOKEH7l6LfIN4GhnVCWaA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201118443148894420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200500166177453042, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=L4ugU3XnYQL4eExi1Ee12w==, figureFileBig=vmjrAcwYo7ttx652qcSOPw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201118443287306462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200500166177453042, language=CN, label=Figure 7, caption= Results of sleep phase monitoring in mice. A: Electromyogram (EMG) and electroencephalogram (EEG) during wakefulness and various sleep phases in freely moving mice; B: Proportion of time spent in wakefulness in each group; C: Proportion of time spent in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in each group; D: Proportion of time spent in non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep in each group. <i>n</i> = 10, <span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black"><i>x</i></span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 , figureFileSmall=L4ugU3XnYQL4eExi1Ee12w==, figureFileBig=vmjrAcwYo7ttx652qcSOPw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201118443417329890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200500166177453042, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=djeFjYTkNYI1muX3Z5FnLQ==, figureFileBig=VLouHekgBWpm8O7Ml4+RWg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201118443522187494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200500166177453042, language=CN, label=Figure 8, caption= Mouse carotid artery Doppler ultrasound imaging and results. 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CompoundQ1Q3TransitionDP/VCE/eV
5-HT177.100160.100177.100→160.10070.00017.000
DA154.100137.100154.100→137.10060.00014.000
ACh146.10087.000146.100→87.00050.00019.000
GABA104.10087.100104.100→87.10045.00013.000
Glu148.00084.000148.000→84.00047.00015.000
Try205.200188.100205.200→188.10052.00014.000
APAP152.000123.000152.000→123.00031.00014.000
), ArticleFig(id=1201118443929035005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200500166177453042, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

Compound mass spectrometry optimization MRM parameters. 5-HT: 5-Hydroxytryptamine; DA: Dopamine; GABA: γ-Aminobutyric acid; ACh: Acetylcholine; Try: Tryptophan; Glu: Glutamic acid; APAP: Acetaminophen

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
CompoundQ1Q3TransitionDP/VCE/eV
5-HT177.100160.100177.100→160.10070.00017.000
DA154.100137.100154.100→137.10060.00014.000
ACh146.10087.000146.100→87.00050.00019.000
GABA104.10087.100104.100→87.10045.00013.000
Glu148.00084.000148.000→84.00047.00015.000
Try205.200188.100205.200→188.10052.00014.000
APAP152.000123.000152.000→123.00031.00014.000
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StepTotal time/minFlow rate/µL·min-1A/%B/%
00.0030070.030.0
11.5030030.070.0
23.503005.095.0
34.503005.095.0
44.6030070.030.0
57.0030070.030.0
), ArticleFig(id=1201118444163916038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200500166177453042, language=CN, label=Table 2, caption=

Linear gradient elution procedure

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
StepTotal time/minFlow rate/µL·min-1A/%B/%
00.0030070.030.0
11.5030030.070.0
23.503005.095.0
34.503005.095.0
44.6030070.030.0
57.0030070.030.0
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GroupAppearanceColor of tongueColor of clawColor of urine
ControlSmooth fur, agile responsivenessPinkPinkNormal
ModelDisheveled and lackluster fur, slow response, easily provokedEvidently tends towards redEvidently tends towards redEvidently tends towards yellow
DZXYSSmooth fur, agile responsiveness, normal emotional statePinkPinkNormal
), ArticleFig(id=1201118444495266066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200500166177453042, language=CN, label=Table 3, caption=

Overview of macroscopic characterization in mice. DZXYS: Danzhi Xiaoyao Powder

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GroupAppearanceColor of tongueColor of clawColor of urine
ControlSmooth fur, agile responsivenessPinkPinkNormal
ModelDisheveled and lackluster fur, slow response, easily provokedEvidently tends towards redEvidently tends towards redEvidently tends towards yellow
DZXYSSmooth fur, agile responsiveness, normal emotional statePinkPinkNormal
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一种新型肝郁化火型抑郁症动物模型的建立及评价方法
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苏丹 1 , 李健 1 , 朱根华 1 , 杨明 1, 3 , 廖亮亮 1 , 艾志福 1 , 李惠珍 1, 2 , 刘亚丽 1, 4, * , 宋永贵 1, 2, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2024,59(6): 1680-1690
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2024, 59(6): 1680-1690
一种新型肝郁化火型抑郁症动物模型的建立及评价方法
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苏丹1, 李健1, 朱根华1, 杨明1, 3, 廖亮亮1, 艾志福1, 李惠珍1, 2, 刘亚丽1, 4, * , 宋永贵1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1.江西中医药大学, 中药药效 (防治精神障碍脑疾病) 评价江西省中医药管理局重点研究室/抑郁症中医证候动物模型江西省中医药管理局重点研究室, 江西 南昌 330004
  • 2.江西中医药大学, 南昌市实验动物病理研究重点实验室, 江西 南昌 330006
  • 3.江西古香今韵大健康产业有限公司, 江西 南昌 330029
  • 4.南昌医学院, 药效与安全性评价江西省卫生健康重点实验室, 江西 南昌 330004

通讯作者:

*刘亚丽, Tel: 18007092727, E-mail: ;
宋永贵, Tel: 18079131056, E-mail:
Establishment and evaluation methods of a novel animal model of liver depression transforming into fire syndrome-related depression
Dan SU1, Jian LI1, Gen-hua ZHU1, Ming YANG1, 3, Liang-liang LIAO1, Zhi-fu AI1, Hui-zhen LI1, 2, Ya-li LIU1, 4, * , Yong-gui SONG1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Key Research Laboratory for Chinese Medicine Efficacy Evaluation (Prevention and Treatment of Mental Disorders Brain Disease) of Jiangxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Administration/Key Research Laboratory for Depression Syndrome Animal Models of Jiangxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Administration, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
  • 2. Key Laboratory of Pathological Research on Experimental Animals, Nanchang, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
  • 3. Jiangxi Guxiang Jinyun Comprehensive Health Industry Co., Ltd., Nanchang 330029, China
  • 4. Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation, Health Commission of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang Medicine College, Nanchang 330004, China
出版时间: 2024-06-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1118
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通过一种复合诱导方法, 结合神经行为学、宏观表征以及客观病理评价指标, 构建并确证小鼠肝郁化火证抑郁模型。采用睡眠剥夺结合光照和隔天给粮刺激的方法进行构建, 并从表观效度、结构效度和预测效度3个层次展开评估, 再经由方剂反证所建立的肝郁化火型抑郁模型。表观效度中, 与空白组相比, 模型小鼠神经行为学表现为典型的抑郁样症状; 一般状态观察显示模型组小鼠毛发乱而无光泽, 且反应迟钝易激惹, 饮水量大幅增加; 小鼠睡眠时相检测中, 模型小鼠睡眠觉醒期所占时间比显著上升, 非快速眼动睡眠期和快速眼动睡眠期所占时间比显著下降; 颈内动脉平均血流速度、血流量、舌、尿液、爪色r值等生理性指标变化有显著性差异; 结构效度显示, 与空白组相比, 模型小鼠海马中五羟色胺、多巴胺、γ-氨基丁酸显著下降, 乙酰胆碱、色氨酸、谷氨酸水平显著上升, 给予丹栀逍遥散治疗后, 以上神经递质皆有不同程度回调。预测效度中, 治疗药物帕罗西汀可有效改善模型小鼠的抑郁样行为; 肝郁化火经典方丹栀逍遥散可不同程度回调抑郁及相关证候各项指标。本研究建立了一种新型肝郁化火型抑郁动物模型, 扩充了中医证候抑郁模型的种类, 为今后中医药防治抑郁症的科学内涵研究、药效评价以及药物筛选提供了更多选择。动物实验获得江西中医药大学动物伦理实验委员会的批准和监督(伦理编号: 20230313040)。

抑郁症  /  动物模型  /  肝郁化火  /  丹栀逍遥散  /  病症结合

Through a compound induction method, combined with neurobehavioral, macroscopic characterization and objective pathological evaluation indicators, a murine depression model of liver depression transforming into fire syndrome was constructed and confirmed. The model was constructed using a combination of sleep deprivation, light exposure, and alternate-day food deprivation. Evaluation was conducted at three levels: face validity, constructs validity, and predictive validity. The establishment of the liver depression transforming into fire syndrome depression model was further validated through the counterproof of traditional Chinese medicine formulas. In terms of face validity, compared to the control group, mice in the model group exhibited typical depressive symptoms in neurobehavioral assessments; the general observation of the model group mice reveals disheveled and lackluster fur, along with delayed and easily agitated responses. Additionally, there is a substantial increase in water consumption. In the sleep phase detection of mouse, the model group showed a significant increase in the proportion of time spent in the wake phase during sleep, accompanied by a significant decrease in the proportions of time spent in both non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep phases. There are significant differences in physiological indicators such as average blood flow velocity, blood flow rate, tongue, urine, and claw color (r values) in the internal carotid artery. Structural validity demonstrated that levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), dopamine (DA), and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the hippocampus of model mice decreased significantly, while acetylcholine (ACh), tryptophan (Try), and glutamic acid (Glu) levels increased significantly. Treatment with Danzhi Xiaoyao San led to varying degrees of restoration in the aforementioned neurotransmitters. In terms of predictive validity, the antidepressant paroxetine effectively ameliorated depressive behaviors in the model mice, and the classic formula Danzhi Xiaoyao San demonstrated varying degrees of improvement in depression-related indicators. In conclusion, this study has established a novel animal model of liver-stagnation with the fire depression, thereby expanding the repertoire of traditional Chinese medicine depression models. This development contributes to the diversification of melancholic syndrome models in Chinese medicine, offering a broader spectrum of options for scientific exploration, efficacy evaluation, and drug screening in the future prevention and treatment of depression with traditional Chinese medicine. Animal experiments were conducted with the approval and supervision of the Animal Ethics Committee of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (ethics number: 20230313040).

depression  /  animal model  /  liver depression transforming into fire  /  Danzhi Xiaoyao powder  /  combination of disease and syndrome
苏丹, 李健, 朱根华, 杨明, 廖亮亮, 艾志福, 李惠珍, 刘亚丽, 宋永贵. 一种新型肝郁化火型抑郁症动物模型的建立及评价方法. 药学学报, 2024 , 59 (6) : 1680 -1690 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1118
Dan SU, Jian LI, Gen-hua ZHU, Ming YANG, Liang-liang LIAO, Zhi-fu AI, Hui-zhen LI, Ya-li LIU, Yong-gui SONG. Establishment and evaluation methods of a novel animal model of liver depression transforming into fire syndrome-related depression[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2024 , 59 (6) : 1680 -1690 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1118
抑郁症作为一种常见的精神疾病, 其发病受到遗传、环境、心理和生理等多方面因素的综合影响[1]。中医药因具有安全稳定、毒副作用小、不良反应少等优点, 在辨证论治的临床治疗及药物筛选方面颇有潜力, 形成了疏肝解郁、养血柔肝、肝脾同调、滋阴清热、理气和血等传统治则; 但在中医药现代化的进程中, 仍然存在病机认识不够、治疗机制不清楚、科学验证有待加强等问题[2]。因此, 加强对抑郁症中医病因病机的认识, 以及防治机制和现代药物的发现, 是推进中医药防治抑郁症的有效途径, 而这些都需要各种实验动物模型的应用, 特别是符合中医药理论的证候结合模型。
中医临床对抑郁症的分型多达100余种, 其中主要包括肝郁气滞、肝郁脾虚、痰气郁结、肝郁化火、肾阳虚、肾阴虚、肝肾阳虚等不同的证型, 前4种分型约占全部的50%[3, 4]。目前已有肝郁气滞、肝郁脾虚、肾阳虚、肾阴虚等抑郁症中医证候动物模型[5]。肝郁化火型抑郁症作为中医情志致病理论的重要病机之一, 其“病证结合”的动物模型却仍未有建立。
抑郁症在中医上属于“郁证”范畴, 是情志病, 中医认为情志不舒、气机郁滞为抑郁症的病因, 气郁化火在临床上较为多见, 其主要临床特征表现为易躁易怒、舌质红、小便黄赤、大便秘结、睡眠及食欲异常等生理现象[6], 过久、过极的情志刺激会使气机郁滞。肝脏在情志产生、分化中均起主导作用, 主一身之气; 作为调节气机的枢纽, 在情志病过程中首先伤肝[7]。根据中医五行理论, 肝属木而可生火, 若抑郁日久, 肝气郁结而疏泄不及, 久则化火, 被认为是由于肝气失调导致气滞、郁热内生的病理过程。抑郁症和失眠密切相关[8], 并且证候学表明肝郁化火证的主要症状之一是失眠[9]。依据中医理论, 慢性失眠会使阴阳不济、气机失调, 影响肝脏的疏泄功能, 导致疏泄失常、气机不畅、郁而化火。基于此, 本研究着眼于中医病因病机, 同时考虑失眠与抑郁多伴生的临床实际, 尝试在不施加化学试剂诱导干预的前提下, 采用睡眠剥夺的方法使小鼠长期不寐, 减少了血回流肝脏; 加之以持续的强光照射模拟白天阳气主升, 促使肝火旺盛进一步损耗肝阴, 并结合可从本源上减少肝血生成的隔天给粮刺激等组合造模方式模拟肝郁化火型抑郁症的病理过程, 建立了一种新的肝郁化火型抑郁症的“病证结合”动物模型。
实验动物与分组    本实验使用了6周龄雄性C57 BL/6小鼠共60只, 购自江苏集萃药康生物科技股份有限公司[合格证号: SCXK (苏) 2018-0008], 体重20 ± 2 g。先将动物分为抑郁症组和肝郁化火型抑郁症组, 每组各30只。首先, 抑郁症组分为空白组10只、模型组10只、帕罗西汀组10只, 用于确定此造模方法可以成功建立抑郁症动物模型; 其次, 肝郁化火型抑郁症组分为空白组10只、模型组10只、丹栀逍遥散(Danzhi Xiaoyao Powder, DZXYS) 10只, 用于方剂反证此模型是肝郁化火型抑郁症动物模型。以上分组皆为随机分组, 且本实验所用造模方法一致。所有动物实验均在江西中医药大学实验动物科技中心SPF级实验动物屏障环境中进行, 所有动物实验前均在屏障环境适应1周后方能进行实验; 动物房环境温度20~26 ℃, 湿度40%~60%, 适应期间给予充足饲料和饮用水。实验在江西中医药大学实验动物科技中心进行, 并获得该校动物伦理实验委员会的批准和监督[动物使用许可证号: SYXK (赣) 2022-0002; 伦理编号: 20230313040]。
试剂与仪器    丹栀逍遥散《内科摘要》中的中药复方, 所用药材于2022年购自厦门本草真源生物医药科技有限公司, 经主管药师吴蜀瑶(江西中医药大学) 鉴定, 符合药品质量标准。具体配方为白术10 g、白芍12 g、茯苓12 g、当归12 g、炙甘草3 g、酒炙柴胡12 g、薄荷3 g、焦栀子8 g、牡丹皮12 g。丹栀逍遥散投原方10副, 高速中药粉碎机粉碎, 按水1∶10 (g∶mL) 加水, 浸泡30 min, 煎煮2 h, 经冻干后得到干粉213 g。
帕罗西汀(中美天津史克制药有限公司, 产品批号: B14200006562), 加水配制为浓度1.0 mg·mL-1溶液; 超声耦合剂(天津市西苑寺生产研究所, 生产批号: 20210102); 异氟烷(产品批号: 21091901)、高架十字迷宫系统(XR-XG201)、旷场实验检测箱、小动物麻醉机、全透明强迫游泳圆筒(深圳市瑞沃德生命科技有限公司); 脑立体定位仪(中国瑞沃德生命科技有限公司, 68003型); 小鼠脑电、肌电记录监测系统(美国Pinnacle公司); 高速中药粉碎机(瑞安市永历制药机械有限公司); 小动物超声成像系统(加拿大Visual Sonics公司, Vevo 2100型); 睡眠剥夺仪(XR-XS108)、SMART 3.0动物行为学视频分析系统(上海欣软信息科技有限公司); UHPLC系统(日本岛津公司), Agilent 1290 QTRAP 4500 (Q-trap-MS, 美国AB公司), Waters UPLC BEH C18色谱柱(2.1 mm × 100 mm, 1.7 μm, 美国Waters公司)。
模型的建立与治疗
抑郁症动物模型的建立    采用睡眠剥夺刺激建立肝郁化火型抑郁症动物模型, 用病、证结合的方式对模型组、给药组进行造模, 给药组给予相应药物治疗, 对照组不作任何处理(实验时间线见图 1)。除造模行为刺激外, 小鼠的饲养环境与方式完全一致。造模: 先将抑郁症组中模型组和帕罗西汀组放入睡眠剥夺仪施行15天连续睡眠剥夺刺激并给予灯光照射和隔天给粮刺激。具体方法: 设置睡眠剥夺仪转速为5 r·min-1, 转动时间为1 200 min, 将设有动物的睡眠剥夺仪处于间歇性转动的状态, 间歇时间为3 min, 运行方向为正反转; 并同时给予灯光照射24 h·d-1的刺激, 以及隔天给粮的刺激, 连续刺激15天。对照组不做任何处理。抑郁症肝郁化火组的模型组和DZXYS组重复上述抑郁症造模的步骤。
帕罗西汀验证抑郁症模型成功建立    将抑郁症组中的帕罗西汀组小鼠, 腹腔注射给药治疗, 给药量为10 mg·kg-1·d-1, 连续给药14天; 对照组和模型组给予同等剂量的生理盐水。
以方测证丹栀逍遥散组小鼠    给造好模的小鼠连续14天灌胃经过换算的成人等效剂量的丹栀逍遥散16.8 mg·kg-1·d-1, 对照组和模型组灌胃同等剂量的生理盐水。
观测指标及方法
一般指标观察    每天给药前观测并记录小鼠的一般体征、饮水量, 上午9点前加水, 次日9点前称量, 计算小鼠24 h摄水量, (摄水量=定水量-剩余量); 治疗结束日观察小鼠一般情况, 包括精神状态、皮毛色泽; 在造模结束后的第1天和给药结束的次日用中医证候诊断方法观察每组小鼠的毛发、舌色、爪色和收集到的小鼠尿液颜色并进行拍摄。
旷场实验(OFT)    旷场实验相关指标可评判小鼠的抑郁程度[10, 11]。将小鼠单独放置在50 cm×50 cm×30 cm的旷场中心, 每次放入时小鼠朝向一致, 无灯光阴影、明显标记影响实验, 对小鼠6 min内的行动轨迹进行拍摄记录, 分析统计每只小鼠后4 min在中心格的停留时间、速度、总路程。每次拍摄前, 使用消毒酒精对旷场进行清理, 防止其残留的气味影响后续实验。造模后, 在第16天进行行为学实验。
悬尾实验(TST)    悬尾实验可以反映小鼠“绝望样”程度[12, 13]。将小鼠尾巴尖端2 cm处使用胶带固定于距离地面30 cm处, 周围没有可以让小鼠攀附的空间, 使用摄影设备进行记录, 前2 min用于小鼠适应悬尾实验, 对小鼠悬尾的后4 min进行分析统计, 记录小鼠的不动时间。实验期间, 不同小鼠之间使用不透光的纸板进行间隔, 防止小鼠之间的相互影响。
高架十字迷宫实验(EPM)    高架十字迷宫实验是利用啮齿动物对新环境探索时的行为状态考察动物的抑郁程度[14]。将小鼠单独放置于具有两个开放臂(67 cm×7 cm) 和两个闭合臂(67 cm×7 cm) 的高架十字迷宫的中央格(7 cm×7 cm) 中, 使用摄影设备对小鼠6 min内的高架十字迷宫中的行动轨迹进行记录, 并对每只小鼠后4 min在高架十字迷宫中进入开放臂的次数和停留时间占比进行分析统计。每只小鼠实验结束后, 使用消毒酒精对高架十字迷宫进行消毒清理, 防止其残留的气味影响实验结果。
强迫游泳实验(FST)    此实验用来检测小鼠的抑郁程度[14]。将小鼠置于直径为18 cm、高度为60 cm的透明玻璃圆柱体中, 圆柱体内填充高度为23 cm、温度为22~25 ℃的水。在强迫游泳实验中, 使用摄影设备记录小鼠在水中的行为情况, 持续时间为6 min。前2 min用于小鼠适应实验环境, 接下来的4 min记录小鼠在水中的无游泳或挣扎的不动行为。每次实验结束后, 更换圆柱体中的水, 以避免残留的气味对实验结果产生干扰。
证候类型的判别
宏观表征    参照用中医证候诊断的方法[15, 16], 观察抑郁症小鼠在造模结束, DZXYS组小鼠给药后和正常对照组相比, 每组小鼠的精神状态等, 并拍摄记录小鼠皮毛色泽、舌色、爪色和收集的小鼠尿液并观察其颜色。
舌、爪和尿红色量化分析    参考Fang等[15]对小鼠表征量化方法对小鼠舌爪尿进行图像采集。采集图像时固定相机位置采用相同的检测条件。在造模和给药的次日对小鼠的舌、爪、尿液进行采集。采集舌象时用镊子撑开小鼠上下颚, 使口腔暴露, 光线统一从舌尖右侧方向射入。采集过程要迅速, 轻柔, 防止抓取造成小鼠舌、爪的皮下出血从而影响实验结果。尿液则收集在0.5 mL离心管中, 在光线较好的环境下集中拍摄。采集完成后, 用Image J图像软件进行RGB分析, 作为国际标准色的定量, R代表红色, G代表绿色, B代表蓝色。以舌和爪心作为量化分析域, 尿液以收集尿液量的中部进行r值的计算, r = R/(R+G+B), 即r表示R分量值占RGB总和的百分比。
小鼠睡眠时相监测    用脑立体定位仪固定异氟烷麻醉的小鼠, 充分暴露颅骨, 钻孔, 将记录电极和颅骨钉植入头部及背部, 牙科水泥固定, 将手术创面缝合, 腹腔注射青霉素钠。手术恢复7天后, 在12 h/12 h的明暗光照条件下, 采用动物睡眠生物解析系统, 于第1天的19点开始, 到次日19点结束, 连续24 h记录小鼠脑电图(electroencephalogram, EEG) 和肌电(electromyogram, EMG) 电信号。记录结束后, 根据统一设定的标准扫描记录的信号, 自动判别出wake期、非快速眼动睡眠(non-rapid eye movement, NREM) 期、快速眼动睡眠(rapid eye movement, REM) 期, 计算出各自所占时间比。
多普勒超声成像    多普勒超声成像可以无创动态观察小鼠颈部动脉血流量的变化。所有小鼠完成行为学测试后用异氟烷进行吸入式麻醉, 随后将小鼠颈部周围毛发除尽, 涂抹适量超声耦合剂, 将小鼠固定并连接好相关仪器设备。以小鼠气管正中为检测部位, 将超声探头垂直靠近颈部, 在B超模式下找到颈动脉分叉, 获得清晰图像后切换为M模式进行检测, 记录小鼠颈动脉平均血流速度和血流量的情况。
神经递质含量检测    通过超高效液相色谱-三重四级杆串联质谱法(UHPLC-Q-triple-MS/MS) 技术分析小鼠海马中的五羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT)、多巴胺(dopamine, DA)、γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid, GABA)、乙酰胆碱(acetylcholine, ACh)、色氨酸(tryptophan, Try)、谷氨酸(glutamic acid, Glu) 等内源性神经递质的含量变化。
样品制备: 将小鼠先进行麻醉, 脱颈解剖取海马。组织保存在-80 ℃冰箱。检测时将小鼠海马组织从-80 ℃的冰箱迅速取出, 待冷冻的海马组织样品解冻后用滤纸吸干组织表面水分, 精确称量后放入1.5 mL EP管中, 加入等体积预冷生理盐水, 随后加入3粒瓷珠, 在匀浆机中匀浆2 min。随后取100 µL匀浆液于新的1.5 mL EP管中, 加入乙腈380 µL和内标标准液20 µL。在4 ℃冰箱中静置30 min, 随后在4 ℃下离心(16 000 r·min-1) 15 min, 离心结束后取上清液装于进样小瓶中, 4 ℃冰箱中保存直至分析。
神经递质标准品的制备: 参考本课题组的前期方法[16], 精密称取相应的对照品加入到5 mL的量瓶中。其中, 对照品GABA用超纯水先溶解再用乙腈溶液定容在量瓶中, 其他对照品用与流动性相同的乙腈溶液先溶解再定容在量瓶中, 再用乙腈溶液将标准溶液稀释为不同浓度。标准品的配制浓度: 5-HT为8 000.00、4 000.00、2 000.00、1 000.00、500.00、250.00、125.00、62.50、31.25、15.63 ng·mL-1; DA为2 000.00、1 000.00、500.00、250.00、125.00、62.50、31.25、15.63、7.81、3.91 ng·mL-1; ACh为100.00、50.00、25.00、12.50、6.25、3.13、1.56、0.78、0.39、0.20 ng·mL-1; GABA为200.00、100.00、50.00、25.00、12.50、6.25、3.13、1.56、0.78、0.39 ng·mL-1; Glu为10 000.00、8 000.00、6 000.00、4 000.00、2 000.00、1 000.00、500.00、250.00、125.00、62.50 ng·mL-1; Try为10 000.00、8 000.00、6 000.00、4 000.00、2 000.00、1 000.00、500.00、250.00、125.00、62.50 ng·mL-1。所有标准溶液稀释完成后将不同稀释梯度标准品溶液混合, 得到混合标准溶液。在所有混合标准溶液中加入等量的内标溶液和空白海马组织匀浆制成质控样品溶液, 暂存于4 ℃冰箱中, 待绘制标准曲线时取出使用。
内标物的选择与配制: 根据对乙酰氨基酚(acetaminophen, APAP) 的结构特性, 可作为内标物质, 它有与所测神经递质相似的色谱保留行为和质谱响应特征, 可有效保证定量分析方法的准确性和精密度。配制: 对乙酰氨基酚先用乙腈溶解再定容在5 mL量瓶中, 制成储备液浓度为5 ng·mL-1的标准溶液。
UHPLC-MS/MS分析条件: 质谱条件: 质谱在正离子模式下运行。优化的MRM参数: Q1、Q3、去簇电压(declustering potential, DP) 以及碰撞能量(collision energy, CE), 见表 1。其他的电离参数如下: 气帘气: 35.00 psi; 离子源气体1∶45.00; 离子源气体2∶40.00; 离子源温度: 550.00 ℃; 入口电位: 10.00 V; 碰撞室出口电压: 14 V; 碰撞诱导裂解电压: 7 psi。质谱仪和UPLC系统由Analyst 1.6.2软件控制。
色谱条件: 在AB Sciex Instruments公司的Shimadzu Controlle CBM20Alite系统上对样品和标准对照品进行色谱分离。样品的色谱分离条件如表 2所示。A相为0.1%甲酸水溶液, B相为纯乙腈。流速为0.2 mL·min-1, 单次进样量2 µL, 运行时间为7 min。
统计学分析    利用GraphPad Prism 7 (Graph PAD software, San Diego, CA, USA) 软件对实验数据进行统计分析, 所有统计数据均以x ± s表示, 两组间数据比较采用独立样本t检验, 多组间比较采用单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA), P < 0.05时差异具有统计学意义。
造模结束后, 与正常组相比, 模型组小鼠进入旷场中心的次数、时间减少(P < 0.05, P < 0.001), 高架十字迷宫实验中进入开放臂的时间减少(P < 0.05), 此结果显示小鼠有焦虑样状态; 悬尾实验、强迫游泳实验中不动时间延长(P < 0.001, P < 0.05), 呈现出绝望样抑郁行为, 说明抑郁症小鼠模型建立成功, 并且伴有焦虑状态(图 2)。
造模后, 对抑郁症小鼠用抗抑郁药物帕罗西汀进行给药, 给药周期结束后, 对小鼠进行行为学实验。结果显示, 模型组小鼠悬尾实验和强迫游泳实验中的不动时间明显减少(P < 0.01, P < 0.05), 这说明造模小鼠的抑郁样绝望行为得到了改善; 高架十字迷宫实验中进入开放臂的次数、旷场实验中进入旷场中心次数有明显回调(P < 0.05, P < 0.05), 说明帕罗西汀可以缓解小鼠焦虑样行为, 进一步证明了抑郁症小鼠模型的建立是成功的(图 3)。
造模结束后, 正常组小鼠精神状态、反应、活动度均良好, 毛发整洁有光泽, 舌爪甲呈正常粉色, 小便呈淡黄色; 与正常组相比较, 模型组小鼠精神状态不佳, 毛发枯槁散乱, 易激惹, 舌爪色呈暗红色, 爪角质化严重, 且爪干燥, 小便深黄。丹栀逍遥散治疗后的小鼠精神状态活泼程度良好, 反应正常, 毛发整洁, 舌爪尿液颜色接近正常(表 3)。
在小鼠造模及给药结束后, 与空白组比较, 饮水量增加(P < 0.001); 经灌胃丹栀逍遥散之后, 饮水量较模型组显著降低(P < 0.001), 与正常组相接近(图 4)。
模型组小鼠舌、爪色、尿液r值显著高于正常组(P < 0.01, P < 0.05, P < 0.001), 小鼠经过丹栀逍遥散灌胃治疗后, 小鼠舌、爪色、尿液r值降低(P < 0.05, P < 0.05, P < 0.01)(图 5)。
结果显示, 肝郁化火型抑郁症模型组小鼠在旷场实验中行走的总距离、进入旷场中心的平均速度、次数和时间, 与对照组小鼠相比均降低(P < 0.01), 而经过丹栀逍遥散治疗干预后, 上述指标都有显著的恢复(P < 0.05)(图 6A~E)。
结果显示, 与对照组相比, 模型组小鼠进入开放臂时间显著减少(P < 0.001), 闭合臂停留时间显著增加(P < 0.05), 差异具有统计学意义; 经丹栀逍遥散治疗后, 与模型组小鼠相比, 其活动能力显著增强, 在开放臂和闭合臂的时间有显著性差异(P < 0.05)(图 6FG)。
结果显示, 肝郁化火型抑郁症模型组小鼠在强迫游泳实验中的不动时间较对照组显著增加(P < 0.05), 经丹栀逍遥散治疗干预后, 丹栀逍遥散组小鼠得到恢复(P < 0.05)(图 6H)。
结果显示, 造模后小鼠的悬尾不动时间较对照组显著增加(P < 0.001); 丹栀逍遥散组小鼠在给予丹栀逍遥散治疗后, 小鼠悬尾不动时间得到恢复(P < 0.05), 提示小鼠绝望样抑郁行为得到改善(图 6I)。
Wake期以高频低幅的脑波为主, 伴有明显的肌电活动, REM期EMG信号明显减弱。NREM期以低频宽幅的脑电波为主, EMG活动不明显。与空白组比较, 模型组小鼠wake期所占时间比显著上升(P < 0.05), NREM期、REM期所占时间比显著下降(P < 0.01、P < 0.05)。与模型组比较, 帕罗西汀组、DZXYS组小鼠觉醒期所占时间比显著回调(P < 0.05), 小鼠NREM所占时间比显著升高(P < 0.05) (图 7)。
结果显示, 造模后, 模型组小鼠平均血流速度和血流量较正常组显著减小(P < 0.01, P < 0.05); 经过灌胃给药丹栀逍遥散后, 小鼠平均血流速度和血流量均有明显恢复(P < 0.05) (图 8)。
5-HT、GABA、DA、ACh、Glu、Try等神经递质在海马中传递信号, 在抑郁、睡眠等方面发挥作用[17, 18]。神经递质水平可以用来诊断和评估抑郁症的发生, 其中5-HT是抑郁症发病的重要神经生物学标志, 通过检测小鼠海马中神经递质, 用以综合评判小鼠状态。与对照组小鼠相比, 模型组小鼠5-HT、DA、GABA显著下降(P < 0.01, P < 0.001, P < 0.01), ACh、Glu、Try水平显著升高(P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.05), 给予丹栀逍遥散治疗后, 以上神经递质皆有不同程度回调(P < 0.05) (图 9)。
根据中医理论, 机体在睡眠状态时阳入于内而阴出于外, 阴阳相交; 给予睡眠剥夺时, 阳外显于外, 使阴阳不能相济、气机升降失调、情志损伤, 进而影响肝脏的疏泄功能。疏泄受阻, 久郁而化火。本文采用持续的光照模拟白天阳气主升, 促使肝火进一步损害肝阴, 并在此基础上, 加上隔天给粮刺激的方式从本源上减少肝血的生成, 这些条件共同触发了肝的疏泄功能障碍发生, 逐成郁结之候。这种多因素复合的造模方式一方面模拟疾病发生的病理过程, 另一方面加快了动物模型的成模速度。
本研究从表观效度、结构效度和预测效度等3个维度来综合评价此实验动物模型。在表观效度层面, 不仅仅依赖一般状态观察和神经行为学实验来评判模型, 同时考虑抑郁患者常伴随脑血流和颈动脉血流下降的现象, 引入了颈动脉血流的量化指标, 最大程度地反映临床疾病的表证与特征。所建立模型的神经行为学指标变化显著, 结果显示造模后的小鼠有抑郁样行为并伴有焦虑状态, 且造模组的颈动脉平均血流速度和血流量也显著降低, 与临床抑郁症患者表型一致[19-21]; 进一步通过“四诊合参”将辨病与辨证相结合评估模型的证候, 依据方肇勤教授的实验小鼠诊法与辨证[22], 采用优化的方法[15]将小鼠舌、爪、尿液颜色进行量化, 造模组舌、爪色、尿液r值均显著高于正常组, 舌、爪色变深, 为实火之相, 尿液颜色深黄也提示体内有热, 且造模组小鼠饮水量大幅增加, 反应迟钝易激惹; 脑电图是评价睡眠效率的重要指标, NREM和REM两个阶段的时间占比反映了睡眠的质量[23]。小鼠睡眠时相结果显示, 造模后的小鼠NREM和REM所占时间比显著减少, 处于失眠状态, 经过DZXYS治疗后NREM、REM所占时间比显著增加。根据《中医病证诊断疗效标准》中郁病的分型标准, 与肝郁化火证口苦咽干、舌质红、尿黄、急躁易怒、失眠和情志抑郁的表型相符[21], 3种复合诱导的方式造成了小鼠久郁化火、积热久甚。
在结构效度层面, 测量了作为脑内情绪调节中心的海马区的神经递质。海马是大脑中与抑郁症发生紧密相关的脑区, 内部单胺类神经递质含量与机体抑郁症障碍的发生有密切联系。抑郁症通常伴随着情绪异常、睡眠障碍, 5-HT主要参与情绪调节的全过程[24]。它不仅与抑郁症相关, 还与睡眠相关联。5-HT长期的不足会导致焦虑情绪的发生, DA不平衡亦会导致焦虑情绪的发生[24]。Try是5-HT的前体物质[24], 其代谢过程可能影响海马的功能, 导致抑郁状态。基于目前单胺类假说研发的抗抑郁药物的临床使用滞后现象, 提示可能不只是单胺类神经递质参与抑郁症的病理过程。越来越多的研究证明, GABA、Glu也参与抑郁症的发病机制, 二者比例失调被认为是抑郁症和失眠的重要因素, 并与焦虑相关联[25]。ACh的含量水平可影响海马突触可塑性, 进而引起抑郁, 多巴胺可以逆转这种情况[26]。与对照组相比, 模型组小鼠海马中的5-HT含量显著下降, 同时5-HT的前体物质Try的含量水平也有显著性差异。结合旷场和高架十字迷宫实验的结果, 提示小鼠的机体功能与其表现出的焦虑样行为相吻合。此外, 强迫游泳和悬尾实验结果显示造模后的小鼠处于抑郁状态; Glu通常作为一种兴奋性神经递质, 在神经元之间传递兴奋性信号, 而GABA则是一种抑制性神经递质, 负责抑制神经元的活动。在本研究中发现小鼠海马中的Glu含量呈上升趋势而GABA的含量水平相反, 二者比例失调, 这提示了可能是由于睡眠剥夺外加强光照射和隔天给粮刺激的造模方法导致小鼠海马区的递质兴奋性和抑制性失衡, 结合睡眠时相监测结果可以综合判定小鼠处于失眠状态。这些相关神经递质的显著变化在分子水平进一步揭示了所建立模型与抑郁症的生物学基础相关性。
在预测效度层面, 通过评估抗抑郁药物帕罗西汀逆转小鼠的抑郁状态验证了抑郁模型的构建; 此外, 采用治疗肝郁化火证的经典方剂丹栀逍遥散反证, 上述证候指标均有明显回调, 确证了肝郁化火型抑郁症模型小鼠的建立。本文通过这些治疗药物的效应评价, 可以确定模型具有预测肝郁化火证抑郁症患者有效性的能力。
综上, 通过模拟肝郁化火型抑郁症的生理和病理过程, 将这一疾病表现复制到动物上, 建立了与临床表现相符动物模型, 并从3个维度提供了系统的评价方法, 扩充了肝郁化火型抑郁症动物模型, 使可供选择的“病证结合”抑郁症动物模型的种类更加丰富。本研究将有助于今后对抑郁症中医病因病机更加深入的理解以及中医药防治机制和现代药物的探索发现。同时, 促进对多样化、复杂化的抑郁症发病机制更多途径的寻找, 为个体化和精准化医疗提供了研究基础。
作者贡献: 苏丹负责实验总体设计及稿件修改; 李健负责实验操作和文章撰写及修改; 朱根华、杨明提供了方法理论建议; 廖亮亮提出了修改建议及负责部分实验操作; 艾志福、李惠珍、刘亚丽、宋永贵指导了部分实验、提供了方法理论建议。
利益冲突: 本文所有作者声明不存在利益冲突关系。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(82260764)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(82074014)
  • 江西省教育厅科技计划项目(GJJ218915)
  • 江西省教育厅科技计划项目(GJJ2200901)
  • 江西省中医药科技计划(2021Z011)
  • 江西省科技计划(20232ACB206056)
  • 江西省科技计划(20224ACB218008)
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1118
  • 接收时间:2023-09-27
  • 首发时间:2025-11-26
  • 出版时间:2024-06-12
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  • 收稿日期:2023-09-27
  • 修回日期:2024-01-30
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(82260764)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(82074014)
江西省教育厅科技计划项目(GJJ218915)
江西省教育厅科技计划项目(GJJ2200901)
江西省中医药科技计划(2021Z011)
江西省科技计划(20232ACB206056)
江西省科技计划(20224ACB218008)
作者信息
    1.江西中医药大学, 中药药效 (防治精神障碍脑疾病) 评价江西省中医药管理局重点研究室/抑郁症中医证候动物模型江西省中医药管理局重点研究室, 江西 南昌 330004
    2.江西中医药大学, 南昌市实验动物病理研究重点实验室, 江西 南昌 330006
    3.江西古香今韵大健康产业有限公司, 江西 南昌 330029
    4.南昌医学院, 药效与安全性评价江西省卫生健康重点实验室, 江西 南昌 330004

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*刘亚丽, Tel: 18007092727, E-mail: ;
宋永贵, Tel: 18079131056, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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