Article(id=1201124486834774754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1201124478286786612, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0919, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1690387200000, receivedDateStr=2023-07-27, revisedDate=1695052800000, revisedDateStr=2023-09-19, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764299993475, onlineDateStr=2025-11-28, pubDate=1710172800000, pubDateStr=2024-03-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764299993475, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764299993475, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764299993475, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1201124478286786612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2024', volume='59', issue='3', pageStart='493', pageEnd='788', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764299991434, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764300490467, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1201126571420639892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1201124478286786612, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1201126571420639893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1201124478286786612, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=667, endPage=672, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1201124488013374252, articleId=1201124486834774754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=A new xanthone from the Polygala tenuifolia Willd. of northern Shaanxi, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Ten compounds were isolated and purified from ethanol extracts of dried roots bark of Polygala tenuifolia Willd. by various chromatography techniques such as silica gel and Sephadex LH-20. Their structures were identified by analysis of physicochemical properties and spectral data, and determined as β-sitosterol (1), tenuifolin (2), 6-methoxy coumarin (3), 7-phenyl-1-hydroxy-2, 3, 6-trimethoxyxanthone (4), 1, 8-dihydroxy-3, 4, 7-trimethoxyanthone (5), mangiferin (6), quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside (7), rutin (8), syringaldehyde (9), salicylicacid (10). Among them, compounds 3, 4 and 5 were isolated from the genus of Ploygala for the first time and compound 4 was a new xanthone. The acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of compounds 3, 4 and 5 were evaluated by Ellman colorimetric method, compounds 3 and 5 exhibited moderate inhibitory activity, compound 4 exhibited weak inhibitory activity.

, correspAuthors=Xiao-jun YANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yun-peng JIA, Lu LIU, Xiao-jun YANG, Chao WANG, Huo-bing REN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1201124489691096000, articleId=1201124486834774754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=陕北细叶远志中的一个新𠮿酮, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

采用硅胶和凝胶柱色谱等分离技术, 从陕北细叶远志(Polygala tenuifolia Willd.) 干燥根皮的乙醇提取物中分离得到10个化合物。结合现代波谱学方法及其理化性质对其结构分析, 确定其结构分别为β-谷甾醇(1)、细叶远志皂苷(2)、6-甲氧基香豆素(3)、7-苯基-1-羟基-2, 3, 6-三甲氧基𠮿酮(4)、1, 8-二羟基-3, 4, 7-三甲氧基𠮿酮(5)、芒果苷(6)、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(7)、芦丁(8)、丁香醛(9)、水杨酸(10)。其中化合物345为首次从远志属植物中分离得到, 化合物4为一新𠮿酮。采用Ellman比色法对化合物345进行乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性测试, 结果表明, 化合物35对乙酰胆碱酯酶具有中等强度的抑制活性, 化合物4的抑制作用较弱。

, correspAuthors=杨晓军, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*杨晓军, Tel: 86-911-2332037, E-mail:
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PositionδHδc1H-1H COSYHMBC
1153.1 (s)
2131.4 (s)
3156.8 (s)
46.63 (1H, s)94.9 (d)C-2, C-8b
4a150.2 (s)
4b157.9 (s)
56.30 (1H, s)99.7 (d)C-7, C-8a
6162.3 (s)
7112.2 (s)
86.85 (1H, s)105.6 (d)C-6, C-4b,
C-9, C-1′
8a104.3 (s)
8b101.8 (s)
9182.6 (s)
1′132.6 (s)
2′, 6′8.06 (2H, d,
J = 8.4 Hz)
126.9 (d)H-3′, 5′C-7, C-4′
3′, 5′7.59 (2H, dd,
J = 8.4, 7.2 Hz)
129.7 (d)H-2′, 6′C-1′
4′7.62 (1H, d, J = 7.2 Hz)132.6 (s)H-3′, 5′C-2′, C-6′
1-OH12.50 (1H, br.s)
2-OCH33.75 (3H, s)60.5 (q)C-2
3-OCH33.87 (3H, s)61.6 (q)C-3
6-OCH33.87 (3H, s)61.6 (q)C-6
), ArticleFig(id=1201124496204849462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201124486834774754, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) and 13C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6) data of compound 4

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
PositionδHδc1H-1H COSYHMBC
1153.1 (s)
2131.4 (s)
3156.8 (s)
46.63 (1H, s)94.9 (d)C-2, C-8b
4a150.2 (s)
4b157.9 (s)
56.30 (1H, s)99.7 (d)C-7, C-8a
6162.3 (s)
7112.2 (s)
86.85 (1H, s)105.6 (d)C-6, C-4b,
C-9, C-1′
8a104.3 (s)
8b101.8 (s)
9182.6 (s)
1′132.6 (s)
2′, 6′8.06 (2H, d,
J = 8.4 Hz)
126.9 (d)H-3′, 5′C-7, C-4′
3′, 5′7.59 (2H, dd,
J = 8.4, 7.2 Hz)
129.7 (d)H-2′, 6′C-1′
4′7.62 (1H, d, J = 7.2 Hz)132.6 (s)H-3′, 5′C-2′, C-6′
1-OH12.50 (1H, br.s)
2-OCH33.75 (3H, s)60.5 (q)C-2
3-OCH33.87 (3H, s)61.6 (q)C-3
6-OCH33.87 (3H, s)61.6 (q)C-6
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陕北细叶远志中的一个新𠮿酮
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贾云鹏 1 , 刘璐 1 , 杨晓军 1, * , 王超 1 , 任火冰 2
药学学报 | 研究论文 2024,59(3): 667-672
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2024, 59(3): 667-672
陕北细叶远志中的一个新𠮿酮
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贾云鹏1, 刘璐1, 杨晓军1, * , 王超1, 任火冰2
作者信息
  • 1.延安大学化学与化工学院, 陕西 延安 716000
  • 2.陕西援康中药产业发展有限公司, 陕西 绥德 718000

通讯作者:

*杨晓军, Tel: 86-911-2332037, E-mail:
A new xanthone from the Polygala tenuifolia Willd. of northern Shaanxi
Yun-peng JIA1, Lu LIU1, Xiao-jun YANG1, * , Chao WANG1, Huo-bing REN2
Affiliations
  • 1. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan′an 716000, China
  • 2. Shaanxi Yuankang Traditional Chinese Medicine Industry Development Co., Ltd., Suide 718000, China
出版时间: 2024-03-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0919
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采用硅胶和凝胶柱色谱等分离技术, 从陕北细叶远志(Polygala tenuifolia Willd.) 干燥根皮的乙醇提取物中分离得到10个化合物。结合现代波谱学方法及其理化性质对其结构分析, 确定其结构分别为β-谷甾醇(1)、细叶远志皂苷(2)、6-甲氧基香豆素(3)、7-苯基-1-羟基-2, 3, 6-三甲氧基𠮿酮(4)、1, 8-二羟基-3, 4, 7-三甲氧基𠮿酮(5)、芒果苷(6)、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(7)、芦丁(8)、丁香醛(9)、水杨酸(10)。其中化合物345为首次从远志属植物中分离得到, 化合物4为一新𠮿酮。采用Ellman比色法对化合物345进行乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性测试, 结果表明, 化合物35对乙酰胆碱酯酶具有中等强度的抑制活性, 化合物4的抑制作用较弱。

远志  /  化学成分  /  𠮿酮  /  乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性

Ten compounds were isolated and purified from ethanol extracts of dried roots bark of Polygala tenuifolia Willd. by various chromatography techniques such as silica gel and Sephadex LH-20. Their structures were identified by analysis of physicochemical properties and spectral data, and determined as β-sitosterol (1), tenuifolin (2), 6-methoxy coumarin (3), 7-phenyl-1-hydroxy-2, 3, 6-trimethoxyxanthone (4), 1, 8-dihydroxy-3, 4, 7-trimethoxyanthone (5), mangiferin (6), quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside (7), rutin (8), syringaldehyde (9), salicylicacid (10). Among them, compounds 3, 4 and 5 were isolated from the genus of Ploygala for the first time and compound 4 was a new xanthone. The acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of compounds 3, 4 and 5 were evaluated by Ellman colorimetric method, compounds 3 and 5 exhibited moderate inhibitory activity, compound 4 exhibited weak inhibitory activity.

Polygala tenuifolia Willd.  /  chemical composition  /  xanthone  /  acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity
贾云鹏, 刘璐, 杨晓军, 王超, 任火冰. 陕北细叶远志中的一个新𠮿酮. 药学学报, 2024 , 59 (3) : 667 -672 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0919
Yun-peng JIA, Lu LIU, Xiao-jun YANG, Chao WANG, Huo-bing REN. A new xanthone from the Polygala tenuifolia Willd. of northern Shaanxi[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2024 , 59 (3) : 667 -672 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0919
阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease, AD) 是一种老年人中最常见的中枢神经系统的退行性疾病, 其主要临床特征为记忆丧失和认知缺陷。目前, 此病尚无理想的特效药, 因此, 寻找防治AD的有效药物成为药学界研究的热点。远志具有安神、益智之功效[1], 在历代文献古籍、经方记载痴呆处方中出现的频率较高[2]。现代药理研究也表明, 细叶远志醇提取物具有提高学习记忆能力、脑保护和抗痴呆作用[3-5]。为阐明其药效物质基础, 课题组采用多种色谱分离技术对陕北细叶远志化学成分进行了分离, 通过1H, 13C NMR等波谱技术确定了10个化合物的结构分别为: β-谷甾醇(1)、细叶远志皂苷(2)、6-甲氧基香豆素(3)、7-苯基-1-羟基-2, 3, 6-三甲氧基𠮿酮(4)、1, 8-二羟基-3, 4, 7-三甲氧基𠮿酮(5)、芒果苷(6)、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(7)、芦丁(8)、丁香醛(9)、水杨酸(10), 其结构式见图 1, 其中化合物4为新化合物, 化合物3~5为首次从远志属植物中分离得到。化合物35对乙酰胆碱酯酶具有中等强度的抑制活性, 化合物4的抑制作用较弱。
化合物4为浅黄色粉末, mp 232.4~233.8 ℃。与三氯化铁反应呈阳性, 提示该化合物中含有酚羟基。红外(IR) 光谱图中3 419、1 664、1 622、1 582、1 489、829、754、696 cm-1处的吸收峰, 说明化合物4分子中有羟基、共轭羰基和芳环的存在; UV (MeOH) 吸收谱图中242.5、270.3、310.2和358.5 nm处有吸收峰, 紫外与红外数据提示化合物4为𠮿酮类化合物[6, 7]。HR-ESI-MS给出该化合物的准分子离子峰m/z 379.119 7 [M+H]+ (计算值379.118 1), 推断其分子式为C22H18O6, 不饱和度为14。1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 谱(表 1) 显示, 该𠮿酮中有1个缔合的酚羟基δH 12.50、1个单取代苯基δH 8.06 (2H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.62 (1H, d, J = 7.2 Hz), 7.59 (2H, dd, J = 8.4, 7.2 Hz)、3个甲氧基δH 3.87 (6H, s) 和3.75 (3H, s) 及其3个单峰芳氢质子信号δH 6.85 (1H, s), 6.63 (1H, s), 6.30 (1H, s)。结合分子式可推出该化合物为五取代𠮿酮, 且5个取代基分别为1个酚羟基, 1个苯基和3个甲氧基。
根据δH 12.50处酚羟基的化学位移可以确定该羟基处在𠮿酮的1位[8]。在HMBC谱图中观察到低场区芳氢δH 6.85 (1H, s) 与𠮿酮中酮羰基δC 182.6 (C-9) 以及芳香季碳162.3 (C-6), 157.9 (C-4b), 132.6 (C-1′) 存在明显H→C相关的信息, 推出δH 6.85为𠮿酮的8位氢; 低场区芳氢δH 6.30 (1H, s) 与芳香季碳δC 112.2 (C-7), 104.28 (C-8a) 存在明显H→C相关, 与δC 162.3 (C-6), 157.9 (C-4b) 存在弱相关, 但与δC 105.6 (C-8) 不存在H→C相关, 从而推出δH 6.30为𠮿酮的5位氢, 并进一步推出该𠮿酮的6, 7-位上有取代基, 且6位的取代基为甲氧基, 7位的取代基为苯基, 这可由苯基中的芳氢δH 7.59 (2H, dd, J = 8.4, 7.2 Hz, H-3′, 5′) 与芳香季碳δC 132.6 (C-1′) 以及芳氢δH 8.06 (2H, d, J = 8.4 Hz, H-2′, 6′) 与芳香季碳δC 112.2 (C-7) 存在明显H→C相关得到证实(其他H→C相关见图 2); 在𠮿酮的B环中, 除了1位的酚羟基外, 还有两个甲氧基。为了确定这两个甲氧基的取代位置, 该化合物用Gibbs和Emerson试剂检验均呈阳性, 从而确定另一个芳氢δH 6.63 (1H, s) 为𠮿酮的4位氢[9]; 因此, 其余的两个甲氧基处在𠮿酮的2和3位。综合以上分析, 最终确定该化合物为7-苯基-1-羟基-2, 3, 6-三甲氧基𠮿酮。
采用Ellman等[10]的方法评价化合物345对乙酰胆碱酯酶的抑制活性。结果表明, 化合物35 (浓度均为50 μmol·L-1) 对乙酰胆碱酯酶的抑制率分别为78.61%和62.07%, 同测试浓度下他克林对乙酰胆碱酯酶的抑制率为92.46%, 化合物4对乙酰胆碱酯酶的抑制率仅为30.18%。
本研究从陕北细叶远志干燥的根皮部中分离得到了10个化合物, 其中化合物269具有良好的抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶活性[11-13]。本研究又筛选出了两种抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶的活性化合物35。此外, 值得一提的是, 文献[14]报道𠮿酮类化合物对乙酰胆碱酯酶具有良好的抑制作用, 但本研究中所分离得到的新𠮿酮对乙酰胆碱酯酶的抑制作用较弱, 这可能是苯基的位置对活性造成了影响。本研究结果为其进一步从构效关系探讨𠮿酮类化合物对乙酰胆碱酯酶的抑制作用提供了一定的参考。
X-4型显微熔点仪(上海科学仪器有限公司); 8453型紫外-可见分光光度计(美国安捷伦仪器有限公司); IR Prestige-21红外光谱仪(日本岛津公司); AV-400型核磁共振仪(瑞士Bruker公司); MAT-711型质谱仪、3111CO2恒温培养箱(美国赛默飞世尔科技公司); HJ-CJ-2FD双人单面净化工作台(苏州净化设备有限公司); Sephadex LH-20 (瑞典Pharmacia公司产品); 柱层析色谱和薄层色谱用硅胶(青岛海洋化工厂产品); 乙酰胆碱酯酶(电鳗)、碘化硫代乙酰胆碱、二硫代二硝基苯甲酸(DNTB)、他克林(美国Sigma公司)。
远志药材(生长期为2年) 于2021年6月采集自陕西省绥德县, 经延安大学生命科学院白重炎研究员鉴定为细叶远志, 标本存放于延安大学天然产物化学实验室, 标本编号为YD20210621。
称取细叶远志干燥根皮10.0 kg, 将其粉碎成粉末后装入萃取罐中, 室温下用50 L 70%乙醇反复提取5次, 每次浸泡提取时间为8 h。提取液经减压浓缩合并得浸膏1.48 kg。将此浸膏用水分散后抽滤, 滤液依次用等体积的石油醚、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取4次。将萃取液减压浓缩后得到石油醚萃取部位53 g, 乙酸乙酯萃取部位327 g, 正丁醇萃取部位37 g。将乙酸乙酯部位浸膏(327 g) 首先采用硅胶柱色谱分离, 以石油醚-乙酸乙酯(10∶1→1∶5) 梯度洗脱, 洗脱液经TLC检测, 将主成分相同的组分进行合并, 得到4个组分(Fr.1~4), 再用氯仿-甲醇(10∶1→1∶3) 梯度洗脱, 洗脱液经TLC检测, 又得到3个组分(Fr.5~7)。Fr.1~5用Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱(丙酮为洗脱剂) 进一步纯化, 从Fr.1得到化合物1 (42 mg)、2 (36 mg), 从Fr.2得到化合物3 (16 mg), 从Fr.3得到化合物4 (23 mg)、5 (11 mg), 从Fr.4得到化合物6 (15 mg), 从Fr.5得到化合物7 (21 mg); Fr.6~7用Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱(甲醇为洗脱剂) 进一步纯化, 从Fr.6得到化合物8 (15 mg), 从Fr.7得到化合物9 (18 mg)、10 (53 mg)。
化合物1   白色粉末, mp 136.8~138.3 ℃; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δH 0.66 (3H, s, H-18), 0.79 (3H, d, J = 6.7 Hz, H-26), 0.81 (3H, d, J = 6.8 Hz, H-27), 0.84 (3H, t, J = 7.0 Hz, H-29), 0.90 (1H, m, H-9), 0.91 (3H, s, H-19), 0.94 (1H, m, H-24), 0.99 (1H, m, H-14), 0.99 (1H, m, H-1), 1.02 (3H, d, J = 6.6 Hz, H-21), 1.05 (1H, m, H-15), 1.07 (1H, m, H-22), 1.09 (2H, m, H-12, H-17), 1.24 (2H, m, H-23), 1.29 (2H, m, H-28), 1.39 (1H, m, H-8), 1.42 (1H, m, H-20), 1.45 (1H, m, H-22), 1.48 (2H, m, H-11), 1.56 (1H, m, H-2), 1.60 (1H, m, H-15), 1.65 (1H, m, H-25), 1.78 (1H, m, H-1), 1.82 (1H, m, H-2), 1.84 (2H, m, H-16), 1.94 (1H, m, H-7), 1.98 (1H, t, J = 3.6 Hz, H-12), 2.01 (1H, m, H-7), 2.24 (1H, d, J = 13.2 Hz, H-4), 2.27 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz, H-4), 3.51 (1H, m, H-3), 5.34 (1H, d, J = 5.2 Hz, H-6); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δC 140.8 (C-5), 121.8 (C-6), 71.9 (C-3), 56.8 (C-14), 56.1 (C-17), 50.2 (C-9), 45.9 (C-24), 42.4 (C-13), 42.4 (C-4), 39.8 (C-12), 37.3 (C-1), 36.6 (C-10), 36.3 (C-20), 34.0 (C-22), 32.0 (C-8), 32.0 (C-25), 31.7 (C-7), 31.7 (C-2), 28.4 (C-23), 28.4 (C-16), 26.0 (C-22), 24.4 (C-15), 23.1 (C-28), 21.2 (C-11), 19.5 (C-19, 26, 27), 19.1 (C-18), 18.9 (C-21), 12.1 (C-29)。以上波谱数据与文献[15, 16]报道数据基本一致, 故鉴定化合物1β-谷甾醇。
化合物2   白色粉末, mp 203~205 ℃; 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δH 1.45, 1.12 (2H, dd, J = 9.2, 2.8 Hz, H-1), 1.79, 1.39 (2H, m, H-2), 3.89 (1H, m, H-3), 1.75, 1.39 (2H, m, H-4), 1.79 (1H, m, H-5), 1.75, 1.39 (2H, m, H-7), 1.43 (1H, dd, J = 9.8, 2.2 Hz, H-9), 1.83 (1H, m, H-11), 5.37 (1H, t, J = 5.2 Hz, H-12), 1.38, 1.09 (2H, t, J = 4.8 Hz, H-15), 1.75, 1.38 (2H, t, J = 4.8 Hz, H-16), 2.71 (1H, dd, J = 10.0, 3.6 Hz, H-18), 1.45, 1.25 (1H, dd, J = 10.0, 3.6 Hz, H-19), 1.37, 1.21 (2H, m, H-21), 1.79, 1.45 (2H, m, H-22), 1.21 (3H, s, H-23), 12.10 (1H, br.s, H-24), 1.12 (3H, s, H-25), 0.63 (3H, s, H-26), 3.37, 3.48 (2H, dd, J = 8.4, 2.6 Hz, H-27), 4.44 (1H, br.s, -CH2OH), 12.10 (1H, br.s, H-28), 0.85 (3H, s, H-29), 0.86 (3H, s, H-30), 4.90 (1H, d, J = 7.2Hz, H-1″), 3.04 (1H, m, H-2″), 2.95 (1H, m, H-3″), 4.09 (1H, m, H-4″), 3.03 (1H, m, H-5″), 3.37, 3.58 (2H, dd, J = 11.2, 8.4 Hz, H-6″); 13C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6) δC 44.0 (C-1), 23.3 (C-2), 83.4 (C-3), 23.8 (C-4), 48.4 (C-5), 45.8 (C-6), 33.1 (C-7), 30.9 (C-8), 51.7 (C-9), 36.5 (C-10), 23.8 (C-11), 125.8 (C-12), 139.9 (C-13), 45.8 (C-14), 22.3 (C-15), 20.5 (C-16), 47.2 (C-17), 41.1 (C-18), 45.3 (C-19), 30.9 (C-20), 33.8 (C-21), 32.7 (C-22), 13.6 (C-23), 179.2 (C-24), 16.9 (C-25), 18.5 (C-26), 64.1 (C-27), 179.2 (C-28), 23.9 (C-29), 33.4 (C-30), 103.3 (C-1′), 70.4 (C-2′), 74.0 (C-3′), 69.2 (C-4′), 77.2 (C-5′), 61.4 (C-6′)。以上波谱数据与文献[17]报道数据基本一致, 故鉴定化合物2为细叶远志皂苷。
化合物3   浅黄色粉末, mp 200.8~202.4 ℃; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δH 6.28 (1H, d, J= 10.2 Hz, H-3), 7.69 (1H, d, J = 10.2 Hz, H-4), 7.11 (1H, s, H-5), 6.76 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz, H-7), 7.01 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz, H-8), 3.91 (3H, s, 6-OCH3); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CD3OD)δC 168.2 (C-2), 113.9 (C-3), 143.8 (C-4), 127.3 (C-4a), 111.5 (C-5), 159.7 (C-6), 123.6 (C-7), 114.9 (C-8), 148.2 (C-8a), 55.4 (6-OCH3)。以上波谱数据与文献[18]报道数据基本一致, 故鉴定化合物3为6-甲氧基香豆素。
化合物4   浅黄色粉末, mp 232.4~233.8 ℃; IR/cm-1: 3 419, 1 664, 1 622, 1 582, 1 489, 829, 754, 696; HR-ESI-MS m/z: 379.119 7 [M+H]+ (C22H19O6计算值379.118 1); 1H NMR和13C NMR数据见表 1
化合物5   黄色粉末, mp 167.2~168.8 ℃; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δH 12.75 (1H, br.s, 1-OH), 11.94 (1H, br.s, 8-OH), 7.31 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz, H-6), 7.01 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz, H-5), 6.36 (1H, s, H-2), 3.94 (3H, s, 3-OCH3), 3.91 (3H, s, 7-OCH3), 3.86 (3H, s, 4-OCH3); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δC 181.2 (C-9), 160.3 (C-3), 159.6(C-1), 151.0 (C-84a), 149.4 (C-4a), 149.1 (C-4b), 143.8 (C-7), 129.2 (C-4), 121.1 (C-6), 107.5 (C-8a), 105.8 (C-5), 101.8 (C-8b), 95.3 (C-2), 61.4 (3-OCH3), 57.2 (4-OCH3), 56.6 (7-OCH3)。以上波谱数据与文献[19]报道数据基本一致, 故鉴定化合物5为1, 8-二羟基-3, 4, 7-三甲氧基𠮿酮。
化合物6   黄色粉末, mp 268.0~270.1 ℃; 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δH 13.75 (1H, br.s, 1-OH), 10.71 (1H, br.s, 3-OH), 10.62 (1H, br.s, 6-OH), 9.82 (1H, br.s, 7-OH), 7.36 (1H, s, H-8), 6.85 (1H, s, H-5), 6.36 (1H, s, H-4), 4.58 (1H, d, J = 10 Hz, H-1′), 3.18~3.68 (6H, m, H-2″~6″); 13C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6) δC 179.6 (C-9), 164.4 (C-3), 162.3 (C-1), 156.7 (C-4a), 154.5 (C-6), 151.3 (C-4b), 144.2 (C-7), 112.2 (C-8a), 108.5 (C-8), 108.1 (C-2), 103.2 (C-5), 101.8 (C-8b), 93.8 (C-4), 82.2 (C-5′), 79.5 (C-3′), 73.6 (C-1′), 71.2 (C-2′), 71.2 (C-4′), 62.0 (C-6′)。以上波谱数据与文献[20]报道数据基本一致, 故鉴定化合物6为芒果苷。
化合物7  黄色粉末, mp 229.1~240.6 ℃; 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δH 12.64 (1H, s, 5-OH), 10.89 (1H, s, 7-OH), 9.75 (1H, s, 4′-OH), 9.24 (1H, s, 3′-OH), 7.68 (1H, s, H-2′), 7.58 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz, H-6′), 6.85 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz, H-5′), 6.40 (1H, s, H-8), 6.19 (1H, s, H-6), 5.09 (1H, d, J= 7.3 Hz, H-1″), 3.07~3.55 (6H, m, H-2″~6″); 13C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6) δC 177.9 (C-4), 164.6 (C-7), 161.8 (C-5), 159.1 (C-8a), 158.2 (C-2), 148.9 (C-3′), 145.3 (C-4′), 135.1 (C-3), 123.1 (C-1′), 122.5 (C-6′), 116.7 (C-5′), 115.7 (C-2′), 104.5 (C-4a), 99.2 (C-6), 94.0 (C-8), 101.3 (C-1″), 78.3 (C-5″), 78.1(C-3″), 76.9 (C-2″), 70.4 (C-4″), 61.5 (C-6″)。以上波谱数据与文献[21]报道数据基本一致, 故鉴定化合物7为槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷。
化合物8   黄色粉末, mp 177.5~179.4 ℃, 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δH 12.57 (1H, s, 5-OH), 10.84 (1H, s, 7-OH), 9.68 (1H, s, 4′-OH), 9.19 (1H, s, 3′-OH), 7.51 (1H, s, H-2′), 7.50 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz, H-6′), 6.80 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz, H-5′), 6.34 (1H, s, H-8), 6.15 (1H, s, H-6), 5.29 (1H, d, J= 5.2 Hz, H-1″), 5.07 (1H, d, J = 5.6 Hz, H-1‴), 3.18~4.41 (10H, m, H-2″~6″, H-2‴~5‴), 0.95 (3H, d, J = 6.0 Hz, H-6‴); 13C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6) δC 177.9 (C-4), 164.6 (C-7), 161.7 (C-5), 157.1 (C-8a), 155.9 (C-2), 148.9 (C-3′), 145.3 (C-4′), 133.8 (C-3), 124.0 (C-1′), 122.9 (C-6′), 116.8 (C-5′), 115.7 (C-2′), 104.5 (C-4a), 99.2 (C-6), 94.1 (C-8), 101.6 (C-1‴), 101.3 (C-1″), 76.9 (C-3″), 76.4 (C-5″), 74.6 (C-2″), 72.3 (C-4‴), 71.0 (C-3‴), 70.9 (C-2‴), 70.5 (C-4″), 68.8 (C-5‴), 67.5 (C-6″), 18.3 (C-6‴)。以上波谱数据与文献[22]报道数据基本一致, 故鉴定化合物8为芦丁。
化合物9  白色粉末, mp109.7~110.9 ℃; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δH 9.81 (1H, s, -CHO), 7.14 (2H, s, H-2, 6), 6.18 (1H, br.s, 4-OH), 3.87 (6H, s, 3, 5-OCH3); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δC 190.43 (-CHO), 146.8 (C-3, 5), 141.1 (C-4), 127.3 (C-1), 106.8 (C-2, 6), 56.7 (3, 5-OCH3)。以上数据与文献[23]对照基本一致, 故鉴定化合物9为丁香醛。
化合物10  白色粉末, mp 157.7~159.3 ℃; 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δH 12.19 (1H, br.s, -COOH), 9.27 (1H, br.s, 2-OH), 7.96 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz, H-6), 7.47 (1H, dd, J = 8.4, 7.8 Hz, H-4), 7.43(1H, dd, J = 8.2, 7.8 Hz, H-5), 6.96 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz, H-3); 13C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6) δC 171.3 (-COOH), 159.7 (C-2), 136.1 (C-4), 129.8 (C-6), 122.4 (C-5), 118.4 (C-3), 112.6 (C-1)。以上数据与文献[24]对照基本一致, 故鉴定化合物10为水杨酸。
使用Ellman法[10]对化合物345的乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性评价。待测样品的配制: 首先以二甲基亚砜(DMSO) 作为溶剂, 将3种化合物均配成浓度为0.25 mol·L-1的溶液, 然后再用0.1 mol·L-1 PBS (磷酸氢二钠-磷酸二氢钠) 缓冲溶液将其稀释为5.0 mmol·L-1的待测化合物溶液。将以下各溶液加入96孔板后置于酶标仪中。实验组: 2 μL待测样品溶液+ 118 μL PBS溶液+ 40 μL PBS溶液溶解的0.1 U·mL-1 AChE溶液(A); 阴性对照组(NC组): 2 μL 2% DMSO-PBS溶液+ 118 μL PBS溶液+ 40 μL PBS溶液溶解的0.1 U·mL-1 AChE溶液(B); 阳性对照组: 2 μL 5.0 mmol·L-1他克林溶液+ 118 μL PBS溶液+ 40 μL PBS溶液溶解的0.1 U·mL-1 AChE溶液(C); 背景对照组: 2 μL待测样品溶液+ 158 μL PBS溶液(A0); 空白对照组: 2 μL 2% DMSO-PBS溶液+ 158 μL PBS溶液(B0)。将96孔板于30 ℃放置20 min后, 各组均加入等体积混合的6.25 mmol·L-1的5, 5′-二硫代双(2-硝基苯甲酸) 溶液与6.25 mmol·L-1的硫代乙酰胆碱溶液40 μL; 将96孔板于30 ℃放置30 min后, 于405 nm波长下测量每孔的光密度(OD) 值, 计算化合物对乙酰胆碱酯酶的抑制活性, 计算公式为: 抑制率= [(ODB-ODB0)-(ODA-ODA0)]/(ODB-ODB0)×100%。
作者贡献: 贾云鹏是本文的第一作者, 负责远志化学成分的分离纯化工作; 刘璐负责活性测试工作; 王超负责化合物的结构解析; 杨晓军负责实验的整体设计与指导工作; 任火冰负责远志药材的采集工作。
利益冲突: 所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(31860089)
  • 陕西省自然科学基金资助项目(2019JM-516)
  • 榆林市科学技术局资助项目(CXY-2020-069)
  • 延安大学大学生创新训练项目(2022090)
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2024年第59卷第3期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0919
  • 接收时间:2023-07-27
  • 首发时间:2025-11-28
  • 出版时间:2024-03-12
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  • 收稿日期:2023-07-27
  • 修回日期:2023-09-19
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(31860089)
陕西省自然科学基金资助项目(2019JM-516)
榆林市科学技术局资助项目(CXY-2020-069)
延安大学大学生创新训练项目(2022090)
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    1.延安大学化学与化工学院, 陕西 延安 716000
    2.陕西援康中药产业发展有限公司, 陕西 绥德 718000

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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