Article(id=1198656285697737097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198656283525087620, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0805, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1687968000000, receivedDateStr=2023-06-29, revisedDate=1693411200000, revisedDateStr=2023-08-31, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763711528466, onlineDateStr=2025-11-21, pubDate=1699718400000, pubDateStr=2023-11-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763711528466, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763711528466, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763711528466, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198656283525087620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2023', volume='58', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='3476', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763711527949, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763711688683, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1198656957746872553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198656283525087620, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1198656957746872554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198656283525087620, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3204, endPage=3209, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198656286473683348, articleId=1198656285697737097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Comparative study on the methods to determine disintegration time of oral soluble films, columnId=1198656285311861125, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Special Reports: Pharmaceutical Taste-Masking and Assessment Technologies, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Disintegration time is a key parameter that affects the palatability and compliance of oral soluble films. At present, there is no standard method to determine the disintegration time of oral soluble films. In this study, we compared the six methods (pharmacopoeial disintegration method, petri dish method, sponge surface method, slide frame and ball method, partially immersed into liquid (without weight attached) and partially immersed into liquid (with weight attached)) to determine the in vitro disintegration time of oral soluble films with different thickness, and evaluated the correlation with the in vivo disintegration time. The results showed that the repeatability and correlation of pharmacopoeial disintegration method and the partially immersed into liquid method (with weight attached) were excellent, with the endpoint of disintegration testing easy to determine. Partially immersed into liquid method (with weight attached), properly simulating the physiological condition in oral cavity, showed strong operability, good repeatability and in vitro-in vivo correlation, and was suitable for in vitro disintegration evaluation of oral soluble film dosage form. The adult sensory evaluation study was a research-based clinical trial conducted with informed consent from all subjects in accordance with the ethical requirements of Good Clinical Practice.

, correspAuthors=Jie YANG, Wei-feng ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2023 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Di GAO, Guo-xiang LI, Shu-ye QI, Xue-ping WU, Chao-qiang XIAO, Shu-wang HE, Jie YANG, Wei-feng ZHANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1198656287161549225, articleId=1198656285697737097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=口溶膜崩解时限评价方法对比研究, columnId=1198656285597073800, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=专题报道: 药品口感研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

崩解时限是影响口溶膜产品口感和用药顺应性的关键指标, 目前尚无检测口溶膜崩解时限的标准方法。本研究对比考察药典崩解仪法、培养皿法、海绵法、小球法以及改进设计的不附重物式垂直液面崩解法和附重物式垂直液面崩解法这6种方法, 测定4种不同厚度的西甲硅油口溶膜的体外崩解时限, 并评价其与体内崩解时限的相关性。结果表明, 药典崩解仪法和附重物式垂直液面崩解法的重复性和体内外相关性较好; 附重物式垂直液面崩解法装置简单, 崩解试验终点容易判断。附重物式垂直液面崩解法能够较好地模拟口腔内环境, 该法可操作性强, 分辨率、重复性及体内外相关性均良好, 适用于进行口溶膜的体外崩解评价。本文成人感官味觉评价实验属于研究性质的临床试验, 已按照药物临床试验质量管理规范的伦理要求, 经所有受试者知情同意。

, correspAuthors=杨杰, 张威风, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*杨杰, Tel: 86-10-85869619, E-mail: ;
张威风, Tel: 86-10-65080596, E-mail:
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A: Partially immersed into liquid (without weight attached); B: Partially immersed into liquid (with weight attached); C: Phrarmacopeial disintegration tester; D: Slide frame and ball method; E: Petri dish method; F: Sponge surface method , figureFileSmall=SuN1USoVvNWNH5EpA1PE1A==, figureFileBig=/WvWSMGP4uatYGLpcseY0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960240621351733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656285697737097, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Casting thickness/mm Dry film thickness/μm Designated as/μm
0.4 83.65 ± 3.92 84
0.5 102.33 ± 2.74 102
0.6 128.88 ± 4.45 129
0.7 156.57 ± 4.99 157
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The thickness of different dry films (n = 6, $ \stackrel{-}{x} $ ± s)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Casting thickness/mm Dry film thickness/μm Designated as/μm
0.4 83.65 ± 3.92 84
0.5 102.33 ± 2.74 102
0.6 128.88 ± 4.45 129
0.7 156.57 ± 4.99 157
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Thickness Disintegration time/s
Partially immersed into liquid (without weight attached) Partially immersed into liquid (with weight attached) Phrarmacopeial disintegration tester Slide frame and ball method Petri dish method Sponge surface
84 μm 73.83 ± 1.60 11.17 ± 0.41 44.83 ± 1.17 31.67 ± 1.51 323.67 ± 23.59 77.83 ± 7.65
102 μm 142.83 ± 22.60 19.83 ± 2.14 64.67 ± 0.82 69.83 ± 3.71 442.83 ± 21.88 141.17 ± 4.07
129 μm 192.83 ± 14.65 36.17 ± 2.23 108.83 ± 3.49 106.50 ± 5.32 779.00 ± 21.42 231.33 ± 15.08
157 μm 302.33 ± 23.72 55.67 ± 2.42 141.83 ± 3.54 126.83 ± 5.88 2 397.00 ± 331.70 3 600.00 ± 0.00*
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In vitro disintegration time of the oral soluble films determined by different methods (n = 6, $ \stackrel{-}{x} $ ± s). *The disintegration time was recorded as 3 600 s, although the film didn't completely disappear

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Thickness Disintegration time/s
Partially immersed into liquid (without weight attached) Partially immersed into liquid (with weight attached) Phrarmacopeial disintegration tester Slide frame and ball method Petri dish method Sponge surface
84 μm 73.83 ± 1.60 11.17 ± 0.41 44.83 ± 1.17 31.67 ± 1.51 323.67 ± 23.59 77.83 ± 7.65
102 μm 142.83 ± 22.60 19.83 ± 2.14 64.67 ± 0.82 69.83 ± 3.71 442.83 ± 21.88 141.17 ± 4.07
129 μm 192.83 ± 14.65 36.17 ± 2.23 108.83 ± 3.49 106.50 ± 5.32 779.00 ± 21.42 231.33 ± 15.08
157 μm 302.33 ± 23.72 55.67 ± 2.42 141.83 ± 3.54 126.83 ± 5.88 2 397.00 ± 331.70 3 600.00 ± 0.00*
), ArticleFig(id=1198960241242108784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656285697737097, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Thickness Disintegration time/s
84 μm 25.67 ± 2.73
102 μm 34.33 ± 2.80
129 μm 45.33 ± 2.73
157 μm 60.50 ± 1.87
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In vivo disintegration behaviour of the oral soluble films with different thickness (n = 6, $ \stackrel{-}{x} $ ± s)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Thickness Disintegration time/s
84 μm 25.67 ± 2.73
102 μm 34.33 ± 2.80
129 μm 45.33 ± 2.73
157 μm 60.50 ± 1.87
), ArticleFig(id=1198960241493767048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656285697737097, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Method Linear equation R2
Partially immersed into liquid (without weight attached) y = 0.155 6x + 13.767 0 0.992 0
Partially immersed into liquid (with weight attached) y = 0.765 4x + 17.954 0 0.996 7
Phrarmacopeial disintegration tester y = 0.341 4x + 10.721 0 0.984 1
Slide frame and ball method y = 0.346 6x + 12.443 0 0.936 0
Petri dish method y = 0.014 6x + 27.072 0 0.870 0
Sponge surface
(Sponge surface, data of 84 μm, 102 μm, and 129 μm)
y = 0.007 5x + 33.844 0
(y = 0.127 7x + 15.941 0)
0.745 7
(0.999 0)
), ArticleFig(id=1198960241678316439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656285697737097, language=CN, label=Table 4, caption=

Correlation analysis of in vitro disintegration time measured by different methods and the in vivo disintegration profile

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Method Linear equation R2
Partially immersed into liquid (without weight attached) y = 0.155 6x + 13.767 0 0.992 0
Partially immersed into liquid (with weight attached) y = 0.765 4x + 17.954 0 0.996 7
Phrarmacopeial disintegration tester y = 0.341 4x + 10.721 0 0.984 1
Slide frame and ball method y = 0.346 6x + 12.443 0 0.936 0
Petri dish method y = 0.014 6x + 27.072 0 0.870 0
Sponge surface
(Sponge surface, data of 84 μm, 102 μm, and 129 μm)
y = 0.007 5x + 33.844 0
(y = 0.127 7x + 15.941 0)
0.745 7
(0.999 0)
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口溶膜崩解时限评价方法对比研究
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高迪 1 , 李国相 1 , 戚淑叶 2 , 吴学萍 3 , 肖超强 1, 3 , 何淑旺 1, 3 , 杨杰 1, 3, * , 张威风 1, 3, *
药学学报 | 专题报道: 药品口感研究 2023,58(11): 3204-3209
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药学学报 | 专题报道: 药品口感研究 2023, 58(11): 3204-3209
口溶膜崩解时限评价方法对比研究
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高迪1, 李国相1, 戚淑叶2, 吴学萍3, 肖超强1, 3, 何淑旺1, 3, 杨杰1, 3, * , 张威风1, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1.北京达因高科儿童药物研究院有限公司, 北京 100176
  • 2.中国食品药品检定研究院, 北京 102629
  • 3.山东达因海洋生物制药股份有限公司, 山东 威海 264300

通讯作者:

*杨杰, Tel: 86-10-85869619, E-mail: ;
张威风, Tel: 86-10-65080596, E-mail:
Comparative study on the methods to determine disintegration time of oral soluble films
Di GAO1, Guo-xiang LI1, Shu-ye QI2, Xue-ping WU3, Chao-qiang XIAO1, 3, Shu-wang HE1, 3, Jie YANG1, 3, * , Wei-feng ZHANG1, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Beijing DYNE High-tech Pediatric Pharmaceutical R&D Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 100176, China
  • 2. National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China
  • 3. Shandong DYNE Marine Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Weihai 264300, China
出版时间: 2023-11-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0805
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崩解时限是影响口溶膜产品口感和用药顺应性的关键指标, 目前尚无检测口溶膜崩解时限的标准方法。本研究对比考察药典崩解仪法、培养皿法、海绵法、小球法以及改进设计的不附重物式垂直液面崩解法和附重物式垂直液面崩解法这6种方法, 测定4种不同厚度的西甲硅油口溶膜的体外崩解时限, 并评价其与体内崩解时限的相关性。结果表明, 药典崩解仪法和附重物式垂直液面崩解法的重复性和体内外相关性较好; 附重物式垂直液面崩解法装置简单, 崩解试验终点容易判断。附重物式垂直液面崩解法能够较好地模拟口腔内环境, 该法可操作性强, 分辨率、重复性及体内外相关性均良好, 适用于进行口溶膜的体外崩解评价。本文成人感官味觉评价实验属于研究性质的临床试验, 已按照药物临床试验质量管理规范的伦理要求, 经所有受试者知情同意。

口溶膜  /  崩解时限  /  重复性  /  终点判断  /  体内外相关性

Disintegration time is a key parameter that affects the palatability and compliance of oral soluble films. At present, there is no standard method to determine the disintegration time of oral soluble films. In this study, we compared the six methods (pharmacopoeial disintegration method, petri dish method, sponge surface method, slide frame and ball method, partially immersed into liquid (without weight attached) and partially immersed into liquid (with weight attached)) to determine the in vitro disintegration time of oral soluble films with different thickness, and evaluated the correlation with the in vivo disintegration time. The results showed that the repeatability and correlation of pharmacopoeial disintegration method and the partially immersed into liquid method (with weight attached) were excellent, with the endpoint of disintegration testing easy to determine. Partially immersed into liquid method (with weight attached), properly simulating the physiological condition in oral cavity, showed strong operability, good repeatability and in vitro-in vivo correlation, and was suitable for in vitro disintegration evaluation of oral soluble film dosage form. The adult sensory evaluation study was a research-based clinical trial conducted with informed consent from all subjects in accordance with the ethical requirements of Good Clinical Practice.

oral soluble film  /  disintegration time  /  repeatability  /  determination of the endpoint  /  in vitro-in vivo correlation
高迪, 李国相, 戚淑叶, 吴学萍, 肖超强, 何淑旺, 杨杰, 张威风. 口溶膜崩解时限评价方法对比研究. 药学学报, 2023 , 58 (11) : 3204 -3209 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0805
Di GAO, Guo-xiang LI, Shu-ye QI, Xue-ping WU, Chao-qiang XIAO, Shu-wang HE, Jie YANG, Wei-feng ZHANG. Comparative study on the methods to determine disintegration time of oral soluble films[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2023 , 58 (11) : 3204 -3209 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0805
膜剂系指原料药物与适宜的成膜材料经加工制成的膜状制剂[1], 其中口溶膜是一种新型的口服制剂, 服用时无须饮水即能在口腔中快速崩解、溶化的药品, 服用方式是将口溶膜放在舌头上、至溶化后吞咽, 服用便利, 顺应性好, 尤其是对于儿童和老人等吞咽困难的患者群体[2]。与滴剂、溶液剂、乳剂等液体制剂相比, 口溶膜单剂量包装, 剂量准确, 质量稳定; 可塑性较强, 不易脆碎, 体积小、重量轻, 携带方便, 适合旅行携带; 所用辅料少, 生产工艺简单, 生产成本低[3]
崩解是指口服固体制剂在规定条件下全部崩解溶散或成碎粒的过程。在已上市的口溶膜产品中, 除了美国上市的酮洛芬口溶膜(商品名Nexcede) 的质量标准中包含崩解检查项之外, 其他产品并未将崩解定入质量标准[4]。但崩解是口溶膜产品开发和质量评价过程中必不可少的研究项目, 因为崩解时限是影响口溶膜产品质量及用药顺应性的至关重要的指标[3]。口溶膜用药时需放置在舌头上, 若长时间内未完全崩解, 部分未崩解口溶膜可能会被吸入鼻腔产生窒息风险[5]。因此, 口溶膜在口腔内应能适时被唾液浸湿, 迅速溶解, 随后吞咽进入胃肠道, 从而提高儿童、老年人及吞咽困难患者的接受度及依从性[6]。2022年国家药品监督管理局药品审评中心发布的《儿童用药口感设计与评价的技术指导原则(试行)》将药品口感界定为与制剂的剂型、质地等相关[7], 对口溶膜来说, 其在口腔中崩解的快慢显著影响其口感。为发挥其迅速崩解、易于吞咽的剂型优势, 选择合适的体外崩解时限测定方法, 对有效保证口溶膜质量至关重要。
但目前尚无测定口溶膜体外崩解时限的标准方法[8]。文献中报道了各种不同的口溶膜崩解时限测定方法, 包括框架法[5, 9, 10]、培养皿法[5, 9, 11-13]、海绵法[14]、框架-小球法[6, 10, 15]、药典崩解法[16, 17]等。其中, 培养皿法和海绵法是两种较为简单的测试方法, 通过观察口溶膜完全崩解或消失, 确定体外崩解时限。Steiner等[15]考虑到舌头在口腔中引起的机械应力, 并实现试验终点明确化, 采用小球法, 待小球掉落时测定口溶膜的体外崩解时限。Preis等[18]发现在口溶膜上附一3 g左右的重物, 测定体外崩解时限的方法, 具有明确的试验终点及良好的数据重复性, 且据实验结果发现重物重量的波动并未对崩解时限数据产生明显影响。基于此, 本研究对该装置进行简化, 采用附重物式垂直液面崩解法、不附重物式垂直液面崩解法两种方法测定口溶膜的体外崩解时限, 通过附/不附3 g重物, 观察浸没在水中部分的口溶膜掉落底部的时间记为体外崩解时限。
在不同的研究中, 这些方法分别被用于测定不同口溶膜产品的崩解时限, 但很少有研究同时采用不同的方法来评价口溶膜的崩解时限, 因此, 尚不清楚哪种方法是口溶膜崩解时限评价的最适合方法。本研究旨在以具有不同崩解时间的口溶膜为研究对象, 比较上述多种不同的体外崩解时限测定方法, 并分别与体内崩解时间进行相关性分析, 讨论各种方法的优缺点和适用性, 优选出与体内崩解时限相关性更强、分辨率更高、重复性更好的体外崩解时限测定方法, 以期为确立一种口溶膜标准化的体外崩解时限测定方法提供参考。
仪器  测厚仪(济南兰光机电技术有限公司); 智能崩解时限测定仪(上海黄海药检仪器有限公司)。
药物与试剂  采用溶剂浇铸法制备的不同厚度的西甲硅油口溶膜[涂布厚度分别为0.4 mm (尺寸为20 mm × 30 mm)、0.5 mm (尺寸为20 mm × 24 mm)、0.6 mm (尺寸为20 mm × 20 mm)、0.7 mm (尺寸为20 mm × 16 mm), 处方及其他工艺均一致, 规格均为40 mg/片]。
口溶膜片厚的测定  如图 1所示, 利用测厚仪按位置1、2、3、4、5的顺序依次检测口溶膜5个位置的厚度, 将5个位置厚度的平均值记为本片口溶膜的片厚, 各批次口溶膜均重复测定6片。
体外崩解时限的测定
不附重物式垂直液面崩解法  如图 2A所示, 取本品1片, 将口溶膜的上边缘用镊子夹住, 部分垂直浸入250 mL烧杯里的纯化水中(温度为37 ± 1 ℃, 烧杯中水体积约170 mL), 使得约一半的口溶膜在液面以下。口溶膜接触水面开始计时, 浸入水中部分的口溶膜掉落到烧杯底部的时间视为体外崩解时限。
附重物式垂直液面崩解法  如图 2B所示, 取本品1片, 将口溶膜的上边缘用镊子夹住, 下边缘附一重约3 g的夹子, 部分垂直浸入250 mL烧杯里的纯化水中(温度为37 ± 1 ℃, 烧杯中水体积约170 mL), 使得一半的口溶膜恰好在液面以下。口溶膜接触水面开始计时, 夹子掉落到烧杯底部的时间视为体外崩解时限。
药典崩解仪法  用升降式崩解仪测定口溶膜的崩解时限, 主要结构为一能升降的金属支架与下端镶有筛网的自制吊篮(图 2C)。升降的金属支架上下移动距离为55 mm ± 2 mm, 往返频率为每分钟30次。自制吊篮含上下两层筛网(孔径2 mm), 内部尺寸为4 cm × 3 cm。取本品1片, 夹在两层筛网中间, 将吊篮通过上端的不锈钢轴悬挂于支架上, 浸入1 L烧杯中, 并调节吊篮位置使其下降至低点时筛网距烧杯底部25 mm, 烧杯内盛有温度为37 ± 1 ℃的纯化水约900 mL, 调节水位高度使吊篮上升至高点时筛网在水面下15 mm处, 吊篮顶部不可浸没于溶液中。启动崩解仪进行测定, 样品完全崩解并通过筛网所需时间视为体外崩解时限。
小球法  如图 2D所示, 取本品一片, 固定于中空装置顶部, 口溶膜表面滴900 μL纯化水(37 ± 1 ℃), 随后将不锈钢球(直径10 mm, 重约4 g) 放在口溶膜表面, 模拟舌头的力。不锈钢球穿破口溶膜, 落入底部的时间视为体外崩解时限。
培养皿法  如图 2E所示, 取本品一片, 平稳漂浮于盛有50 mL纯化水(37 ± 1 ℃)的培养皿(底部外直径9.5 cm, 厚度1.8 cm) 中。将口溶膜分散成微小粒子所需的时间视为体外崩解时限。
海绵法  如图 2F所示, 将一块海绵(7 cm × 10 cm × 3 cm) 完全浸润于盛有250 mL纯化水(温度为37 ± 1 ℃) 的器皿(底部外直径15.0 cm, 厚度3.0 cm) 中。取本品一片, 平稳放置于漂浮于纯化水中的海绵块上, 口溶膜完全消失所需的时间视为体外崩解时限。
体内崩解时限的测定  采用健康成人受试者口尝试验的方式评价不同厚度西甲硅油口溶膜的崩解时限。本试验按厚度逐次增大的顺序将西甲硅油口溶膜分配给受试者进行口尝。试验对象为6位健康志愿者(年龄: 20~40岁; 男女比例: 1∶1), 给药剂量为20 mg西甲硅油。具体实验步骤如下: 每位志愿者在每次尝试前用纯净水漱口3次后, 将产品放于舌头上开始计时, 过程中不吞咽、不咀嚼, 至在口中完全溶化, 即感觉不到有片状物的时间视为体内崩解时限。试验结束后, 将口中溶化的药物吐出。本文成人口尝试验属于研究性质的临床试验, 已按照药物临床试验质量管理规范的伦理要求, 经所有受试者知情同意。
数据分析方法  使用Origin 2018软件对数据进行分析, 所有数据均表示为平均值±标准差。
采用溶剂浇铸法制备了4种不同厚度的西甲硅油口溶膜, 涂布厚度分别为0.4、0.5、0.6和0.7 mm, 处方及其他工艺均一致(规格均为40 mg/片)。不同厚度的口溶膜的片厚测定结果见表 1。由结果可知, 随着涂布厚度的增加, 口溶膜片厚逐渐增大。4种口溶膜的组成完全相同, 仅有厚度差异; 不同的厚度导致不同的崩解时限, 厚度越大, 崩解越慢。这4种不同厚度的西甲硅油口溶膜适合作为口溶膜崩解时限测定方法对比研究的模型药物。
将84、102、129、157 μm的西甲硅油口溶膜按照上述6种体外崩解时限测定方法进行试验, 每种处方测定6片, 分别取平均值, 测得结果见表 2。在测定过程中发现, 附重物式垂直液面崩解法及小球法试验终点最容易判断, 分辨率高。药典崩解仪法测定体外崩解时限时, 口溶膜崩解后, 介质易浑浊, 不太容易判断崩解终点。不附重物式垂直液面崩解法在测定过程中, 介质液面下的口溶膜软化后易漂浮在液面上, 导致口溶膜崩解变缓。培养皿法及海绵法在测定过程中, 口溶膜分散成微小粒子或完全消失的状态肉眼观察有一定偏差, 不易辨别。上述4种方法均影响试验终点的判断, 分辨率较低。
由测定结果可知, 不同体外崩解时限测定方法中口溶膜厚度增大, 相应的体外崩解时限均不断增加。其中, 采用培养皿法及海绵法测定片厚较大的口溶膜体外崩解时限时, 可能会出现长时间无法完全崩解的现象, 因此不适用于片厚太大的口溶膜体外崩解时限的测定。与其他5种体外崩解时限测定方法相比, 附重物式垂直液面崩解法标准差最低, 在测定体外崩解时限时具有良好的重复性。
采用健康成人受试者口尝法直观检测本产品的体内崩解时限, 可以反映患者服用本产品时的顺应性。结果见表 3, 随着西甲硅油口溶膜厚度的不断增加, 体内崩解时限不断增大, 平均值在25.67~60.50 s内。
对于不同厚度的西甲硅油口溶膜, 采用6种崩解时限测定方法所测得的体外崩解时限结果与体内崩解时限结果的相关性分析结果见表 4。从结果中可知, 附重物式垂直液面崩解法测定的试验结果与体内崩解试验结果的相关性最好, 表明该方法测得的崩解时限结果可直观反映体内崩解情况, 表现出良好的体内外相关性。不附重物式垂直液面崩解法和药典崩解仪法测得的结果与体内崩解时限的相关性较好; 小球法的体内外相关性稍差; 培养皿法和海绵法的体内外相关性较差。值得注意的是, 只考虑84、102和129 μm这3种厚度的口溶膜时, 海绵法的体内外相关性非常好, 表明该方法适用于口溶膜厚度不太大、崩解较快的口溶膜样品的崩解时限检测。
口溶膜的服用方式是将其放在舌头上、至溶化后吞咽, 口溶膜的溶化过程持续数十秒甚至更长。从口溶膜的服用方式可知, 口溶膜在口腔中的崩解时间是影响其口感和患者服药依从性的关键指标。在本研究中, 西甲硅油口溶膜的体内崩解时限平均值在25.67~60.50 s内, 口尝试验受试者反馈约1 min的崩解时限尚可接受, 但普遍认为口溶膜的崩解时限越短, 其口感越好。
由于口腔内环境复杂, 口溶膜体外崩解时限测定方法较难模拟体内崩解过程, 导致可能出现结果分辨率低、重复性差或终点判定不明确的问题。本研究对比药典崩解仪法、培养皿法、海绵法、小球法及改进设计的不附重物式垂直液面崩解法、附重物式垂直液面崩解法这6种体外崩解时限测定方法, 检测了不同厚度西甲硅油口溶膜的体外崩解时限, 并与健康受试者口尝试验获得的体内崩解时限结果进行相关性分析, 评价体外崩解方法的体内外相关性。
口溶膜厚度与体外崩解时限呈正相关, 口溶膜的厚度会影响崩解时限, 特别是对于含有水溶性差药物的口溶膜。Krull等[19]在研究以黄原胶作为黏合剂的普鲁兰多糖口溶膜中, 发现厚度从26.2 μm增加到123.2 μm时, 药物溶解速度明显减慢。
采用培养皿法和海绵法测定片厚较大的口溶膜体外崩解时限时, 口溶膜长时间无法完全崩解, 因此这两种方法不适用于测定此类厚度较大、崩解较慢的口溶膜的体外崩解时限。崩解时限检测终点判断的难易程度, 可能是影响检测方法体内外相关性的原因之一。研究发现, 附重物式垂直液面崩解法及小球法确定崩解结束的标志均为重物落下, 试验终点最容易判断, 分辨率最高; 不附重物式垂直液面崩解法、药典崩解仪法、培养皿法及海绵法的崩解试验终点模糊, 一定程度上取决于主观判断, 分辨率差。
附重物式垂直液面崩解法测定的崩解时限结果与体内崩解试验结果最为接近, 表明该方法测得的结果可较好地反映体内崩解情况, 表现出良好的体内外相关性; 其次是不附重物式垂直液面崩解法及药典崩解仪法, 而小球法的体内外相关性稍差, 培养皿法和海绵法的体内外相关性均较差。值得注意的是, 只考虑84、102和129 μm这3种厚度的口溶膜时, 海绵法的体内外相关性非常好, 表明该方法适用于口溶膜厚度不太大、崩解较快的口溶膜样品(129 μm以内) 的崩解时限检测, 而附重物式适用于厚度范围更广的口溶膜样品的崩解时限检测。
有研究表明人类舌头在口腔中的作用力约为0.03 N (约3 g)[18], 本研究中改进设计的附重物式垂直液面崩解法在口溶膜底部施加3 g左右的重物, 可以在一定程度上更好地模拟人体内口腔环境(即口腔中舌头的作用力), 而且更容易判断崩解终点, 这也可能是附重物式垂直液面崩解法测定不同厚度口溶膜崩解时限均能呈现良好相关性的原因。
药典崩解仪法是一种待口溶膜崩散成细颗粒时, 通过目测观察确定终点的测定方法[20]。口溶膜样品一般面积较大, 药典崩解仪标配的吊篮玻璃管无法容纳口溶膜样品, 需要对吊篮进行改造。本研究开展药典溶出仪法检测时, 定制了适合口溶膜尺寸的吊篮, 可以更方便地进行检测; 在研究过程中发现, 药典崩解仪法具有良好的重复性和体内外相关性, 但在测定体外崩解时限时, 由于口溶膜崩解过程中介质易浑浊, 不太容易判断崩解终点, 分辨率较差。可以考虑对药典崩解仪的吊篮进行改造, 将口溶膜以垂直于介质液面的方式固定在吊篮玻璃筒内, 并可在口溶膜的底部附加重物, 从而将药典崩解仪和附重物式垂直液面崩解法的优势结合起来, 在发挥此药典崩解仪法重复性好和体内外相关性强的优势的前提下, 改善分辨性差的不足, 开发出性能更加优异的口溶膜崩解试验装置(方法)。
崩解时限是影响口溶膜产品质量及用药顺应性的关键指标, 口溶膜崩解时限的各种检测方法在终点判断、重复性和体内外相关性等方面存在差异, 在开发口溶膜产品时, 需根据产品特性合理选择崩解时限检测方法, 并在评估体内外相关性的基础上, 合理设置崩解时限的标准范围。研究发现, 选择试验终点明确、能够更好地模拟人体内口腔环境的崩解时限检测方法, 有助于实现在测定不同厚度口溶膜的崩解时限时均具有较高的分辨率、重复性及体内外相关性, 研究结论可为口溶膜体外崩解时限测定方法的开发和选择提供一定的参考价值, 从而更好地保障口溶膜产品在开发及生产过程中的质量持续稳定。
作者贡献: 高迪、张威风是本研究的实验设计者和执行人, 负责实施实验、数据处理、论文撰写; 李国相、戚淑叶、吴学萍、肖超强、何淑旺参与结果讨论和论文修改; 张威风和杨杰是项目的构思者及负责人, 指导实验设计、数据分析、论文写作与修改; 全体作者都阅读并同意最终的文本。
利益冲突: 所有作者均声明不存在任何利益冲突。
  • 中国博士后科学基金(2020M672078)
  • 山东省自然科学基金青年项目(ZR2021QH360)
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2023年第58卷第11期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0805
  • 接收时间:2023-06-29
  • 首发时间:2025-11-21
  • 出版时间:2023-11-12
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  • 收稿日期:2023-06-29
  • 修回日期:2023-08-31
基金
中国博士后科学基金(2020M672078)
山东省自然科学基金青年项目(ZR2021QH360)
作者信息
    1.北京达因高科儿童药物研究院有限公司, 北京 100176
    2.中国食品药品检定研究院, 北京 102629
    3.山东达因海洋生物制药股份有限公司, 山东 威海 264300

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*杨杰, Tel: 86-10-85869619, E-mail: ;
张威风, Tel: 86-10-65080596, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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