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No.	t_R/min	Compound name	Boiling point/℃	CAS ID	Formula	Relative peak area/%
Aldehydes
1	2.032	2-Methylpropanal	63.0	78-84-2	C₄H₈O	16.97
2	3.024	3-Methylbutanal	92.5	590-86-3	C₅H₁₀O	13.33
3	3.180	2-Methylbutanal	91.0	96-17-3	C₅H₁₀O	24.17
4	5.088	3-Methylpentanal	-	15877-57-3	C₆H₁₂O	0.72
5	5.678	Hexanal	131.0	66-25-1	C₆H₁₂O	1.68
6	7.308	Heptanal	152.8	111-71-7	C₇H₁₄O	0.07
Ketones
7	2.269	2-Pentanone	102.2	107-87-9	C₅H₁₀O	1.23
8	2.321	2-Butanone	79.5	78-93-3	C₄H₈O	0.63
9	3.780	3-Hexanone	123.5	589-38-8	C₆H₁₂O	0.82
Olefins
10	7.132	1-Nonene	146.9	124-11-8	C₉H₁₈	17.5
11	8.493	1-Decene	170.5	872-05-9	C₁₀H₂₀	1.40
12	9.582	1, 12-Tridecadiene	-	21964-48-7	C₁₃H₂₄	3.53
13	9.674	1-Undecene	192.7	821-95-4	C₁₁H₂₂	7.12
14	11.720	6-Tridecene	-	24949-38-0	C₁₃H₂₆	0.28
Terpenoids
15	8.695	α-Phellandrene	171-172	2243-33-6	C₁₀H₁₆	0.66
16	8.943	Cymene	175.1	535-77-3	C₁₀H₁₄	1.69
17	12.640	Copaene	-	3856-25-5	C₁₅H₂₄	0.38
18	13.720	β-Bisabolene	-	495-61-4	C₁₅H₂₄	0.35
Alcohols
19	11.609	cis-9-Tetradecen-1-ol	-	35153-15-2	C₁₄H₂₈O	1.02
Acids
20	6.590	2-Methylbutanoic acid	176.5	116-53-0	C₅H₁₀O₂	0.23
Other
21	1.819	Dimethyl sulfide	37.3	75-18-3	C₂H₆S	1.63
22	3.826	2-Ethylfuran	92.0	3208-16-0	C₆H₈O	0.78
23	5.855	3(2H)-Furanone	-	3511-31-7	C₄H₄O₂	0.17

No.

t_R/min

Compound name

Boiling point/℃

CAS ID

Formula

Relative peak area/%

Aldehydes

2.032

2-Methylpropanal

63.0

78-84-2

C₄H₈O

16.97

3.024

3-Methylbutanal

92.5

590-86-3

C₅H₁₀O

13.33

3.180

2-Methylbutanal

91.0

96-17-3

C₅H₁₀O

24.17

5.088

3-Methylpentanal

15877-57-3

C₆H₁₂O

0.72

5.678

Hexanal

131.0

66-25-1

C₆H₁₂O

1.68

7.308

Heptanal

152.8

111-71-7

C₇H₁₄O

0.07

Ketones

2.269

2-Pentanone

102.2

107-87-9

C₅H₁₀O

1.23

2.321

2-Butanone

79.5

78-93-3

C₄H₈O

0.63

3.780

3-Hexanone

123.5

589-38-8

C₆H₁₂O

0.82

Olefins

7.132

1-Nonene

146.9

124-11-8

C₉H₁₈

17.5

8.493

1-Decene

170.5

872-05-9

C₁₀H₂₀

1.40

9.582

1, 12-Tridecadiene

21964-48-7

C₁₃H₂₄

3.53

9.674

1-Undecene

192.7

821-95-4

C₁₁H₂₂

7.12

11.720

6-Tridecene

24949-38-0

C₁₃H₂₆

0.28

Terpenoids

8.695

α-Phellandrene

171-172

2243-33-6

C₁₀H₁₆

0.66

8.943

Cymene

175.1

535-77-3

C₁₀H₁₄

1.69

12.640

Copaene

3856-25-5

C₁₅H₂₄

0.38

13.720

β-Bisabolene

495-61-4

C₁₅H₂₄

0.35

Alcohols

11.609

cis-9-Tetradecen-1-ol

35153-15-2

C₁₄H₂₈O

1.02

Acids

6.590

2-Methylbutanoic acid

176.5

116-53-0

C₅H₁₀O₂

0.23

Other

1.819

Dimethyl sulfide

37.3

75-18-3

C₂H₆S

1.63

3.826

2-Ethylfuran

92.0

3208-16-0

C₆H₈O

0.78

5.855

3(2H)-Furanone

3511-31-7

C₄H₄O₂

0.17

No.	t_R/min	Compound name	Boiling point/℃	CAS ID	Formula	Relative peak area/%
Aldehydes
1	2.032	2-Methylpropanal	63.0	78-84-2	C₄H₈O	16.97
2	3.024	3-Methylbutanal	92.5	590-86-3	C₅H₁₀O	13.33
3	3.180	2-Methylbutanal	91.0	96-17-3	C₅H₁₀O	24.17
4	5.088	3-Methylpentanal	-	15877-57-3	C₆H₁₂O	0.72
5	5.678	Hexanal	131.0	66-25-1	C₆H₁₂O	1.68
6	7.308	Heptanal	152.8	111-71-7	C₇H₁₄O	0.07
Ketones
7	2.269	2-Pentanone	102.2	107-87-9	C₅H₁₀O	1.23
8	2.321	2-Butanone	79.5	78-93-3	C₄H₈O	0.63
9	3.780	3-Hexanone	123.5	589-38-8	C₆H₁₂O	0.82
Olefins
10	7.132	1-Nonene	146.9	124-11-8	C₉H₁₈	17.5
11	8.493	1-Decene	170.5	872-05-9	C₁₀H₂₀	1.40
12	9.582	1, 12-Tridecadiene	-	21964-48-7	C₁₃H₂₄	3.53
13	9.674	1-Undecene	192.7	821-95-4	C₁₁H₂₂	7.12
14	11.720	6-Tridecene	-	24949-38-0	C₁₃H₂₆	0.28
Terpenoids
15	8.695	α-Phellandrene	171-172	2243-33-6	C₁₀H₁₆	0.66
16	8.943	Cymene	175.1	535-77-3	C₁₀H₁₄	1.69
17	12.640	Copaene	-	3856-25-5	C₁₅H₂₄	0.38
18	13.720	β-Bisabolene	-	495-61-4	C₁₅H₂₄	0.35
Alcohols
19	11.609	cis-9-Tetradecen-1-ol	-	35153-15-2	C₁₄H₂₈O	1.02
Acids
20	6.590	2-Methylbutanoic acid	176.5	116-53-0	C₅H₁₀O₂	0.23
Other
21	1.819	Dimethyl sulfide	37.3	75-18-3	C₂H₆S	1.63
22	3.826	2-Ethylfuran	92.0	3208-16-0	C₆H₈O	0.78
23	5.855	3(2H)-Furanone	-	3511-31-7	C₄H₄O₂	0.17

No.

t_R/min

Compound name

Boiling point/℃

CAS ID

Formula

Relative peak area/%

Aldehydes

2.032

2-Methylpropanal

63.0

78-84-2

C₄H₈O

16.97

3.024

3-Methylbutanal

92.5

590-86-3

C₅H₁₀O

13.33

3.180

2-Methylbutanal

91.0

96-17-3

C₅H₁₀O

24.17

5.088

3-Methylpentanal

15877-57-3

C₆H₁₂O

0.72

5.678

Hexanal

131.0

66-25-1

C₆H₁₂O

1.68

7.308

Heptanal

152.8

111-71-7

C₇H₁₄O

0.07

Ketones

2.269

2-Pentanone

102.2

107-87-9

C₅H₁₀O

1.23

2.321

2-Butanone

79.5

78-93-3

C₄H₈O

0.63

3.780

3-Hexanone

123.5

589-38-8

C₆H₁₂O

0.82

Olefins

7.132

1-Nonene

146.9

124-11-8

C₉H₁₈

17.5

8.493

1-Decene

170.5

872-05-9

C₁₀H₂₀

1.40

9.582

1, 12-Tridecadiene

21964-48-7

C₁₃H₂₄

3.53

9.674

1-Undecene

192.7

821-95-4

C₁₁H₂₂

7.12

11.720

6-Tridecene

24949-38-0

C₁₃H₂₆

0.28

Terpenoids

8.695

α-Phellandrene

171-172

2243-33-6

C₁₀H₁₆

0.66

8.943

Cymene

175.1

535-77-3

C₁₀H₁₄

1.69

12.640

Copaene

3856-25-5

C₁₅H₂₄

0.38

13.720

β-Bisabolene

495-61-4

C₁₅H₂₄

0.35

Alcohols

11.609

cis-9-Tetradecen-1-ol

35153-15-2

C₁₄H₂₈O

1.02

Acids

6.590

2-Methylbutanoic acid

176.5

116-53-0

C₅H₁₀O₂

0.23

Other

1.819

Dimethyl sulfide

37.3

75-18-3

C₂H₆S

1.63

3.826

2-Ethylfuran

92.0

3208-16-0

C₆H₈O

0.78

5.855

3(2H)-Furanone

3511-31-7

C₄H₄O₂

0.17

No.	Compound name	t_R/min	Formula	Mass	Ion	M vs C	F vs M
1	Fructose 1, 6-bisphosphate	0.87	C₆H₁₄O₁₂P₂	338.988 7	[M-H]^-	↓^**	-
2	Aspartic acid	0.98	C₄H₇NO₄	132.030 3	[M-H]^-	↓^***	-
3	CMP	1.09	C₉H₁₄N₃O₈P	322.044 1	[M-H]^-	↓^***	-
4	γ-Glutamylglutamic acid	1.12	C₁₀H₁₆N₂O₇	275.088 3	[M-H]^-	↑^*	-
5	Uridine diphosphate-N-acetylglucosamine	1.38	C₁₇H₂₇N₃O₁₇P₂	606.074 3	[M-H]^-	↓^***	-
6	AMP	1.39	C₁₀H₁₄N₅O₇P	348.070 1	[M+H]⁺	↓^*	-
7	Argininosuccinic acid	1.39	C₁₀H₁₈N₄O₆	291.128 8	[M+H]⁺	↓^*	-
8	Xanthine	1.50	C₅H₄N₄O₂	153.040 1	[M+H]⁺	↓^*	↑
9	Malic acid	1.52	C₄H₆O₅	133.014 4	[M-H]^-	↓^***	-
10	Ascorbic acid	1.73	C₆H₈O₆	175.025 5	[M-H]^-	↓^*	-
11	Niacinamide	1.74	C₆H₆N₂O	123.054 9	[M+H]⁺	↑^*	↓
12	Valine	2.09	C₅H₁₁NO₂	118.085 8	[M+H]⁺	↓^*	-
13	Methionine	2.18	C₅H₁₁NO₂S	150.058 1	[M+H]⁺	↓^***	-
14	UMP	3.56	C₉H₁₃N₂O₉P	323.028 3	[M-H]^-	↓^***	-
15	Isoleucine	3.57	C₆H₁₃NO₂	130.087 4	[M-H]^-	↓^**	-
16	S-Adenosylhomocysteine	3.70	C₁₄H₂₀N₆O₅S	383.114 3	[M-H]^-	↓^*	-
17	cAMP	3.80	C₁₀H₁₂N₅O₆P	328.044 9	[M-H]^-	↓^**	-
18	S-Lactoylglutathione	3.89	C₁₃H₂₁N₃O₈S	378.096 9	[M-H]^-	↑^*	↓
19	Adenylosuccinic acid	3.98	C₁₄H₁₈N₅O₁₁P	462.066 4	[M-H]^-	↓^**	-
20	Pantothenic acid	4.55	C₉H₁₇NO₅	218.102 5	[M-H]^-	↓^***	-
21	Adenosine	4.68	C₁₀H₁₃N₅O₄	268.103 8	[M+H]⁺	↑^*	↓
22	5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid	4.86	C₁₀H₉NO₃	192.065 3	[M+H]⁺	↓^*	↑
23	3-Methyloxindole	6.31	C₉H₉NO	146.061 2	[M-H]^-	↓^***	-
24	Xanthurenic acid	6.42	C₁₀H₇NO₄	204.031 8	[M-H]^-	↓^**	-
25	PG 16:0_16:0	11.05	C₃₈H₇₅O₁₀P	721.502 7	[M-H]^-	↑^***	↓^**
26	PC 16:0_16:0	11.31	C₄₀H₈₀NO₈P	778.556 2	[M+HCOO]^-	↓^***	-
27	PI 18:1_20:4	11.34	C₄₇H₈₁O₁₃P	883.533 5	[M-H]^-	↓^***	-
28	FA 9:1+1O	11.64	C₉H₁₆O₃	171.102 7	[M-H]^-	↑^***	↓^*
29	CAR 16:3	11.9	C₂₃H₃₉NO₄	394.294 4	[M+H]⁺	↑^***	↓
30	LysoPS(18:0/0:0)	12.59	C₂₄H₄₈NO₉P	524.297 0	[M-H]^-	↓^***	-
31	LysoPC 16:2	12.65	C₂₄H₄₆NO₇P	514.288 9	[M+Na]⁺	↑^***	↓
32	LysoPC 14:0	12.98	C₂₂H₄₆NO₇P	490.289 9	[M+Na]⁺	↑^***	↓^**
33	CAR 18:4	13.01	C₂₅H₄₁NO₄	420.313 5	[M+H]⁺	↑^**	↓^***
34	LysoPS 21:3	13.10	C₂₇H₄₈NO₉P	560.297 4	[M-H]^-	↓^**	↑
35	LysoPC 16:1	13.89	C₂₄H₄₈NO₇P	516.304 5	[M+Na]⁺	↑^***	-
36	12-HETE	14.34	C₂₀H₃₂O₃	319.228 2	[M-H]^-	↓^***	↑
37	LysoPC(15:0/0:0)	14.52	C₂₃H₄₈NO₇P	504.302 4	[M+Na]⁺	↑^***	↓^***
38	LysoPC 18:2	14.78	C₂₆H₅₀NO₇P	542.319 9	[M+Na]⁺	↑^***	↓
39	LysoPC 20:4	14.90	C₂₈H₅₀NO₇P	566.318 6	[M+Na]⁺	↑^***	↓^***
40	CAR 18:2	15.00	C₂₅H₄₅NO₄	424.340 0	[M+H]⁺	↑^***	↓^*
41	5(S)-Hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid	15.02	C₂₀H₃₂O₄	335.222 7	[M-H]^-	↓^**	↑
42	NATau 20:4;O	15.06	C₂₂H₃₇NO₅S	426.234 4	[M-H]^-	↓^**	-
43	FA 15:2;O	15.10	C₁₅H₂₆O₃	253.181 5	[M-H]^-	↑^*	↓^*
44	LysoPE 20:4	15.39	C₂₅H₄₄NO₇P	500.278 5	[M-H]^-	↓^**	-
45	LysoPC 16:0	15.77	C₂₄H₅₀NO₇P	518.319 1	[M+Na]⁺	↑^***	↓^**
46	LysoPC 20:5	15.79	C₂₈H₄₈NO₇P	586.312 9	[M+HCOO]^-	↑^**	↓^**
47	LysoPC 20:3	16.06	C₂₈H₅₂NO₇P	568.335 3	[M+Na]⁺	↑^***	↓^*
48	LysoPC(18:1/0:0)	16.27	C₂₆H₅₂NO₇P	522.355 0	[M+H]⁺	↑^**	↓^***
49	LysoPC O-16:0	16.35	C₂₄H₅₂NO₆P	482.358 5	[M+H]⁺	↓^**	-
50	LysoPG 20:5	17.01	C₂₆H₄₃O₉P	529.255 3	[M-H]^-	↑^***	↓^*
51	LysoPC 17:0	17.27	C₂₅H₅₂NO₇P	532.332 8	[M+Na]⁺	↑^***	↓^***
52	FA 18:2;2O	17.53	C₁₈H₃₂O₄	311.224 7	[M-H]^-	↑^*	↓^**
53	LysoPC O-20:2	18.21	C₂₈H₅₆NO₆P	534.391 2	[M+H]⁺	↓^***	-
54	LysoPC(18:0/0:0)	18.22	C₂₆H₅₄NO₇P	524.369 8	[M+H]⁺	↑^***	↓^*
55	PC 18:0	18.73	C₂₆H₅₂NO₈P	582.339 2	[M+HCOO]^-	↓^***	-
56	NAGly 16:1	19.28	C₁₈H₃₃NO₃	310.239 1	[M-H]^-	↑^*	↓^**
57	LysoPE 18:0	19.47	C₂₃H₄₈NO₇P	480.307 6	[M-H]^-	↓^***	-
58	LysoPG 16:0	19.61	C₂₂H₄₅O₉P	483.271 4	[M-H]^-	↑^***	↓^***
59	NAGly 18:2	19.92	C₂₀H₃₅NO₃	338.266 2	[M+H]⁺	↑^**	↓^***
60	LysoPC 19:0	20.45	C₂₇H₅₆NO₇P	560.362 9	[M+Na]⁺	↑^***	↓^*
61	FA 18:3	21.45	C₁₈H₃₀O₂	277.218 1	[M-H]^-	↑^**	↓
62	PE O-18:2_20:4	22.39	C₄₃H₇₆NO₇P	748.526 3	[M-H]^-	↑^***	↓^**
63	PG 18:1_18:1	22.61	C₄₂H₇₉O₁₀P	773.531 4	[M-H]^-	↑^***	↓^**
64	PE 16:0_22:6	22.62	C₄₃H₇₄NO₈P	762.501 6	[M-H]^-	↓^**	-
65	LysoPC 20:0	22.83	C₂₈H₅₈NO₇P	574.380 4	[M+Na]⁺	↑^***	↓^**
66	FA 22:5	23.19	C₂₂H₃₄O₂	329.249 0	[M-H]^-	↓^*	-
67	FA 22:4	23.74	C₂₂H₃₆O₂	331.263 9	[M-H]^-	↓^***	-
68	Oleamide	23.75	C₁₈H₃₅NO	282.279 3	[M+H]⁺	↓^**	-
69	PI 18:0_22:6	29.56	C₄₉H₈₃O₁₃P	909.549 9	[M-H]^-	↓^***	-
70	PE 16:0_20:4	29.62	C₄₁H₇₄NO₈P	738.503 4	[M-H]^-	↓^***	-

No.

Compound name

t_R/min

Formula

Mass

Ion

M vs C

F vs M

Fructose 1, 6-bisphosphate

0.87

C₆H₁₄O₁₂P₂

338.988 7

[M-H]^-

↓^**

Aspartic acid

0.98

C₄H₇NO₄

132.030 3

[M-H]^-

↓^***

CMP

1.09

C₉H₁₄N₃O₈P

322.044 1

[M-H]^-

↓^***

γ-Glutamylglutamic acid

1.12

C₁₀H₁₆N₂O₇

275.088 3

[M-H]^-

↑^*

Uridine diphosphate-N-acetylglucosamine

1.38

C₁₇H₂₇N₃O₁₇P₂

606.074 3

[M-H]^-

↓^***

AMP

1.39

C₁₀H₁₄N₅O₇P

348.070 1

[M+H]⁺

↓^*

Argininosuccinic acid

1.39

C₁₀H₁₈N₄O₆

291.128 8

[M+H]⁺

↓^*

Xanthine

1.50

C₅H₄N₄O₂

153.040 1

[M+H]⁺

↓^*

↑

Malic acid

1.52

C₄H₆O₅

133.014 4

[M-H]^-

↓^***

Ascorbic acid

1.73

C₆H₈O₆

175.025 5

[M-H]^-

↓^*

Niacinamide

1.74

C₆H₆N₂O

123.054 9

[M+H]⁺

↑^*

↓

Valine

2.09

C₅H₁₁NO₂

118.085 8

[M+H]⁺

↓^*

Methionine

2.18

C₅H₁₁NO₂S

150.058 1

[M+H]⁺

↓^***

UMP

3.56

C₉H₁₃N₂O₉P

323.028 3

[M-H]^-

↓^***

Isoleucine

3.57

C₆H₁₃NO₂

130.087 4

[M-H]^-

↓^**

S-Adenosylhomocysteine

3.70

C₁₄H₂₀N₆O₅S

383.114 3

[M-H]^-

↓^*

cAMP

3.80

C₁₀H₁₂N₅O₆P

328.044 9

[M-H]^-

↓^**

S-Lactoylglutathione

3.89

C₁₃H₂₁N₃O₈S

378.096 9

[M-H]^-

↑^*

↓

Adenylosuccinic acid

3.98

C₁₄H₁₈N₅O₁₁P

462.066 4

[M-H]^-

↓^**

Pantothenic acid

4.55

C₉H₁₇NO₅

218.102 5

[M-H]^-

↓^***

Adenosine

4.68

C₁₀H₁₃N₅O₄

268.103 8

[M+H]⁺

↑^*

↓

5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid

4.86

C₁₀H₉NO₃

192.065 3

[M+H]⁺

↓^*

↑

3-Methyloxindole

6.31

C₉H₉NO

146.061 2

[M-H]^-

↓^***

Xanthurenic acid

6.42

C₁₀H₇NO₄

204.031 8

[M-H]^-

↓^**

PG 16:0_16:0

11.05

C₃₈H₇₅O₁₀P

721.502 7

[M-H]^-

↑^***

↓^**

PC 16:0_16:0

11.31

C₄₀H₈₀NO₈P

778.556 2

[M+HCOO]^-

↓^***

PI 18:1_20:4

11.34

C₄₇H₈₁O₁₃P

883.533 5

[M-H]^-

↓^***

FA 9:1+1O

11.64

C₉H₁₆O₃

171.102 7

[M-H]^-

↑^***

↓^*

CAR 16:3

11.9

C₂₃H₃₉NO₄

394.294 4

[M+H]⁺

↑^***

↓

LysoPS(18:0/0:0)

12.59

C₂₄H₄₈NO₉P

524.297 0

[M-H]^-

↓^***

LysoPC 16:2

12.65

C₂₄H₄₆NO₇P

514.288 9

[M+Na]⁺

↑^***

↓

LysoPC 14:0

12.98

C₂₂H₄₆NO₇P

490.289 9

[M+Na]⁺

↑^***

↓^**

CAR 18:4

13.01

C₂₅H₄₁NO₄

420.313 5

[M+H]⁺

↑^**

↓^***

LysoPS 21:3

13.10

C₂₇H₄₈NO₉P

560.297 4

[M-H]^-

↓^**

↑

LysoPC 16:1

13.89

C₂₄H₄₈NO₇P

516.304 5

[M+Na]⁺

↑^***

12-HETE

14.34

C₂₀H₃₂O₃

319.228 2

[M-H]^-

↓^***

↑

LysoPC(15:0/0:0)

14.52

C₂₃H₄₈NO₇P

504.302 4

[M+Na]⁺

↑^***

↓^***

LysoPC 18:2

14.78

C₂₆H₅₀NO₇P

542.319 9

[M+Na]⁺

↑^***

↓

LysoPC 20:4

14.90

C₂₈H₅₀NO₇P

566.318 6

[M+Na]⁺

↑^***

↓^***

CAR 18:2

15.00

C₂₅H₄₅NO₄

424.340 0

[M+H]⁺

↑^***

↓^*

5(S)-Hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid

15.02

C₂₀H₃₂O₄

335.222 7

[M-H]^-

↓^**

↑

NATau 20:4;O

15.06

C₂₂H₃₇NO₅S

426.234 4

[M-H]^-

↓^**

FA 15:2;O

15.10

C₁₅H₂₆O₃

253.181 5

[M-H]^-

↑^*

↓^*

LysoPE 20:4

15.39

C₂₅H₄₄NO₇P

500.278 5

[M-H]^-

↓^**

LysoPC 16:0

15.77

C₂₄H₅₀NO₇P

518.319 1

[M+Na]⁺

↑^***

↓^**

LysoPC 20:5

15.79

C₂₈H₄₈NO₇P

586.312 9

[M+HCOO]^-

↑^**

↓^**

LysoPC 20:3

16.06

C₂₈H₅₂NO₇P

568.335 3

[M+Na]⁺

↑^***

↓^*

LysoPC(18:1/0:0)

16.27

C₂₆H₅₂NO₇P

522.355 0

[M+H]⁺

↑^**

↓^***

LysoPC O-16:0

16.35

C₂₄H₅₂NO₆P

482.358 5

[M+H]⁺

↓^**

LysoPG 20:5

17.01

C₂₆H₄₃O₉P

529.255 3

[M-H]^-

↑^***

↓^*

LysoPC 17:0

17.27

C₂₅H₅₂NO₇P

532.332 8

[M+Na]⁺

↑^***

↓^***

FA 18:2;2O

17.53

C₁₈H₃₂O₄

311.224 7

[M-H]^-

↑^*

↓^**

LysoPC O-20:2

18.21

C₂₈H₅₆NO₆P

534.391 2

[M+H]⁺

↓^***

LysoPC(18:0/0:0)

18.22

C₂₆H₅₄NO₇P

524.369 8

[M+H]⁺

↑^***

↓^*

PC 18:0

18.73

C₂₆H₅₂NO₈P

582.339 2

[M+HCOO]^-

↓^***

NAGly 16:1

19.28

C₁₈H₃₃NO₃

310.239 1

[M-H]^-

↑^*

↓^**

LysoPE 18:0

19.47

C₂₃H₄₈NO₇P

480.307 6

[M-H]^-

↓^***

LysoPG 16:0

19.61

C₂₂H₄₅O₉P

483.271 4

[M-H]^-

↑^***

↓^***

NAGly 18:2

19.92

C₂₀H₃₅NO₃

338.266 2

[M+H]⁺

↑^**

↓^***

LysoPC 19:0

20.45

C₂₇H₅₆NO₇P

560.362 9

[M+Na]⁺

↑^***

↓^*

FA 18:3

21.45

C₁₈H₃₀O₂

277.218 1

[M-H]^-

↑^**

↓

PE O-18:2_20:4

22.39

C₄₃H₇₆NO₇P

748.526 3

[M-H]^-

↑^***

↓^**

PG 18:1_18:1

22.61

C₄₂H₇₉O₁₀P

773.531 4

[M-H]^-

↑^***

↓^**

PE 16:0_22:6

22.62

C₄₃H₇₄NO₈P

762.501 6

[M-H]^-

↓^**

LysoPC 20:0

22.83

C₂₈H₅₈NO₇P

574.380 4

[M+Na]⁺

↑^***

↓^**

FA 22:5

23.19

C₂₂H₃₄O₂

329.249 0

[M-H]^-

↓^*

FA 22:4

23.74

C₂₂H₃₆O₂

331.263 9

[M-H]^-

↓^***

Oleamide

23.75

C₁₈H₃₅NO

282.279 3

[M+H]⁺

↓^**

PI 18:0_22:6

29.56

C₄₉H₈₃O₁₃P

909.549 9

[M-H]^-

↓^***

PE 16:0_20:4

29.62

C₄₁H₇₄NO₈P

738.503 4

[M-H]^-

↓^***

No.	Compound name	t_R/min	Formula	Mass	Ion	M vs C	F vs M
1	Fructose 1, 6-bisphosphate	0.87	C₆H₁₄O₁₂P₂	338.988 7	[M-H]^-	↓^**	-
2	Aspartic acid	0.98	C₄H₇NO₄	132.030 3	[M-H]^-	↓^***	-
3	CMP	1.09	C₉H₁₄N₃O₈P	322.044 1	[M-H]^-	↓^***	-
4	γ-Glutamylglutamic acid	1.12	C₁₀H₁₆N₂O₇	275.088 3	[M-H]^-	↑^*	-
5	Uridine diphosphate-N-acetylglucosamine	1.38	C₁₇H₂₇N₃O₁₇P₂	606.074 3	[M-H]^-	↓^***	-
6	AMP	1.39	C₁₀H₁₄N₅O₇P	348.070 1	[M+H]⁺	↓^*	-
7	Argininosuccinic acid	1.39	C₁₀H₁₈N₄O₆	291.128 8	[M+H]⁺	↓^*	-
8	Xanthine	1.50	C₅H₄N₄O₂	153.040 1	[M+H]⁺	↓^*	↑
9	Malic acid	1.52	C₄H₆O₅	133.014 4	[M-H]^-	↓^***	-
10	Ascorbic acid	1.73	C₆H₈O₆	175.025 5	[M-H]^-	↓^*	-
11	Niacinamide	1.74	C₆H₆N₂O	123.054 9	[M+H]⁺	↑^*	↓
12	Valine	2.09	C₅H₁₁NO₂	118.085 8	[M+H]⁺	↓^*	-
13	Methionine	2.18	C₅H₁₁NO₂S	150.058 1	[M+H]⁺	↓^***	-
14	UMP	3.56	C₉H₁₃N₂O₉P	323.028 3	[M-H]^-	↓^***	-
15	Isoleucine	3.57	C₆H₁₃NO₂	130.087 4	[M-H]^-	↓^**	-
16	S-Adenosylhomocysteine	3.70	C₁₄H₂₀N₆O₅S	383.114 3	[M-H]^-	↓^*	-
17	cAMP	3.80	C₁₀H₁₂N₅O₆P	328.044 9	[M-H]^-	↓^**	-
18	S-Lactoylglutathione	3.89	C₁₃H₂₁N₃O₈S	378.096 9	[M-H]^-	↑^*	↓
19	Adenylosuccinic acid	3.98	C₁₄H₁₈N₅O₁₁P	462.066 4	[M-H]^-	↓^**	-
20	Pantothenic acid	4.55	C₉H₁₇NO₅	218.102 5	[M-H]^-	↓^***	-
21	Adenosine	4.68	C₁₀H₁₃N₅O₄	268.103 8	[M+H]⁺	↑^*	↓
22	5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid	4.86	C₁₀H₉NO₃	192.065 3	[M+H]⁺	↓^*	↑
23	3-Methyloxindole	6.31	C₉H₉NO	146.061 2	[M-H]^-	↓^***	-
24	Xanthurenic acid	6.42	C₁₀H₇NO₄	204.031 8	[M-H]^-	↓^**	-
25	PG 16:0_16:0	11.05	C₃₈H₇₅O₁₀P	721.502 7	[M-H]^-	↑^***	↓^**
26	PC 16:0_16:0	11.31	C₄₀H₈₀NO₈P	778.556 2	[M+HCOO]^-	↓^***	-
27	PI 18:1_20:4	11.34	C₄₇H₈₁O₁₃P	883.533 5	[M-H]^-	↓^***	-
28	FA 9:1+1O	11.64	C₉H₁₆O₃	171.102 7	[M-H]^-	↑^***	↓^*
29	CAR 16:3	11.9	C₂₃H₃₉NO₄	394.294 4	[M+H]⁺	↑^***	↓
30	LysoPS(18:0/0:0)	12.59	C₂₄H₄₈NO₉P	524.297 0	[M-H]^-	↓^***	-
31	LysoPC 16:2	12.65	C₂₄H₄₆NO₇P	514.288 9	[M+Na]⁺	↑^***	↓
32	LysoPC 14:0	12.98	C₂₂H₄₆NO₇P	490.289 9	[M+Na]⁺	↑^***	↓^**
33	CAR 18:4	13.01	C₂₅H₄₁NO₄	420.313 5	[M+H]⁺	↑^**	↓^***
34	LysoPS 21:3	13.10	C₂₇H₄₈NO₉P	560.297 4	[M-H]^-	↓^**	↑
35	LysoPC 16:1	13.89	C₂₄H₄₈NO₇P	516.304 5	[M+Na]⁺	↑^***	-
36	12-HETE	14.34	C₂₀H₃₂O₃	319.228 2	[M-H]^-	↓^***	↑
37	LysoPC(15:0/0:0)	14.52	C₂₃H₄₈NO₇P	504.302 4	[M+Na]⁺	↑^***	↓^***
38	LysoPC 18:2	14.78	C₂₆H₅₀NO₇P	542.319 9	[M+Na]⁺	↑^***	↓
39	LysoPC 20:4	14.90	C₂₈H₅₀NO₇P	566.318 6	[M+Na]⁺	↑^***	↓^***
40	CAR 18:2	15.00	C₂₅H₄₅NO₄	424.340 0	[M+H]⁺	↑^***	↓^*
41	5(S)-Hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid	15.02	C₂₀H₃₂O₄	335.222 7	[M-H]^-	↓^**	↑
42	NATau 20:4;O	15.06	C₂₂H₃₇NO₅S	426.234 4	[M-H]^-	↓^**	-
43	FA 15:2;O	15.10	C₁₅H₂₆O₃	253.181 5	[M-H]^-	↑^*	↓^*
44	LysoPE 20:4	15.39	C₂₅H₄₄NO₇P	500.278 5	[M-H]^-	↓^**	-
45	LysoPC 16:0	15.77	C₂₄H₅₀NO₇P	518.319 1	[M+Na]⁺	↑^***	↓^**
46	LysoPC 20:5	15.79	C₂₈H₄₈NO₇P	586.312 9	[M+HCOO]^-	↑^**	↓^**
47	LysoPC 20:3	16.06	C₂₈H₅₂NO₇P	568.335 3	[M+Na]⁺	↑^***	↓^*
48	LysoPC(18:1/0:0)	16.27	C₂₆H₅₂NO₇P	522.355 0	[M+H]⁺	↑^**	↓^***
49	LysoPC O-16:0	16.35	C₂₄H₅₂NO₆P	482.358 5	[M+H]⁺	↓^**	-
50	LysoPG 20:5	17.01	C₂₆H₄₃O₉P	529.255 3	[M-H]^-	↑^***	↓^*
51	LysoPC 17:0	17.27	C₂₅H₅₂NO₇P	532.332 8	[M+Na]⁺	↑^***	↓^***
52	FA 18:2;2O	17.53	C₁₈H₃₂O₄	311.224 7	[M-H]^-	↑^*	↓^**
53	LysoPC O-20:2	18.21	C₂₈H₅₆NO₆P	534.391 2	[M+H]⁺	↓^***	-
54	LysoPC(18:0/0:0)	18.22	C₂₆H₅₄NO₇P	524.369 8	[M+H]⁺	↑^***	↓^*
55	PC 18:0	18.73	C₂₆H₅₂NO₈P	582.339 2	[M+HCOO]^-	↓^***	-
56	NAGly 16:1	19.28	C₁₈H₃₃NO₃	310.239 1	[M-H]^-	↑^*	↓^**
57	LysoPE 18:0	19.47	C₂₃H₄₈NO₇P	480.307 6	[M-H]^-	↓^***	-
58	LysoPG 16:0	19.61	C₂₂H₄₅O₉P	483.271 4	[M-H]^-	↑^***	↓^***
59	NAGly 18:2	19.92	C₂₀H₃₅NO₃	338.266 2	[M+H]⁺	↑^**	↓^***
60	LysoPC 19:0	20.45	C₂₇H₅₆NO₇P	560.362 9	[M+Na]⁺	↑^***	↓^*
61	FA 18:3	21.45	C₁₈H₃₀O₂	277.218 1	[M-H]^-	↑^**	↓
62	PE O-18:2_20:4	22.39	C₄₃H₇₆NO₇P	748.526 3	[M-H]^-	↑^***	↓^**
63	PG 18:1_18:1	22.61	C₄₂H₇₉O₁₀P	773.531 4	[M-H]^-	↑^***	↓^**
64	PE 16:0_22:6	22.62	C₄₃H₇₄NO₈P	762.501 6	[M-H]^-	↓^**	-
65	LysoPC 20:0	22.83	C₂₈H₅₈NO₇P	574.380 4	[M+Na]⁺	↑^***	↓^**
66	FA 22:5	23.19	C₂₂H₃₄O₂	329.249 0	[M-H]^-	↓^*	-
67	FA 22:4	23.74	C₂₂H₃₆O₂	331.263 9	[M-H]^-	↓^***	-
68	Oleamide	23.75	C₁₈H₃₅NO	282.279 3	[M+H]⁺	↓^**	-
69	PI 18:0_22:6	29.56	C₄₉H₈₃O₁₃P	909.549 9	[M-H]^-	↓^***	-
70	PE 16:0_20:4	29.62	C₄₁H₇₄NO₈P	738.503 4	[M-H]^-	↓^***	-

No.

Compound name

t_R/min

Formula

Mass

Ion

M vs C

F vs M

Fructose 1, 6-bisphosphate

0.87

C₆H₁₄O₁₂P₂

338.988 7

[M-H]^-

↓^**

Aspartic acid

0.98

C₄H₇NO₄

132.030 3

[M-H]^-

↓^***

CMP

1.09

C₉H₁₄N₃O₈P

322.044 1

[M-H]^-

↓^***

γ-Glutamylglutamic acid

1.12

C₁₀H₁₆N₂O₇

275.088 3

[M-H]^-

↑^*

Uridine diphosphate-N-acetylglucosamine

1.38

C₁₇H₂₇N₃O₁₇P₂

606.074 3

[M-H]^-

↓^***

AMP

1.39

C₁₀H₁₄N₅O₇P

348.070 1

[M+H]⁺

↓^*

Argininosuccinic acid

1.39

C₁₀H₁₈N₄O₆

291.128 8

[M+H]⁺

↓^*

Xanthine

1.50

C₅H₄N₄O₂

153.040 1

[M+H]⁺

↓^*

↑

Malic acid

1.52

C₄H₆O₅

133.014 4

[M-H]^-

↓^***

Ascorbic acid

1.73

C₆H₈O₆

175.025 5

[M-H]^-

↓^*

Niacinamide

1.74

C₆H₆N₂O

123.054 9

[M+H]⁺

↑^*

↓

Valine

2.09

C₅H₁₁NO₂

118.085 8

[M+H]⁺

↓^*

Methionine

2.18

C₅H₁₁NO₂S

150.058 1

[M+H]⁺

↓^***

UMP

3.56

C₉H₁₃N₂O₉P

323.028 3

[M-H]^-

↓^***

Isoleucine

3.57

C₆H₁₃NO₂

130.087 4

[M-H]^-

↓^**

S-Adenosylhomocysteine

3.70

C₁₄H₂₀N₆O₅S

383.114 3

[M-H]^-

↓^*

cAMP

3.80

C₁₀H₁₂N₅O₆P

328.044 9

[M-H]^-

↓^**

S-Lactoylglutathione

3.89

C₁₃H₂₁N₃O₈S

378.096 9

[M-H]^-

↑^*

↓

Adenylosuccinic acid

3.98

C₁₄H₁₈N₅O₁₁P

462.066 4

[M-H]^-

↓^**

Pantothenic acid

4.55

C₉H₁₇NO₅

218.102 5

[M-H]^-

↓^***

Adenosine

4.68

C₁₀H₁₃N₅O₄

268.103 8

[M+H]⁺

↑^*

↓

5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid

4.86

C₁₀H₉NO₃

192.065 3

[M+H]⁺

↓^*

↑

3-Methyloxindole

6.31

C₉H₉NO

146.061 2

[M-H]^-

↓^***

Xanthurenic acid

6.42

C₁₀H₇NO₄

204.031 8

[M-H]^-

↓^**

PG 16:0_16:0

11.05

C₃₈H₇₅O₁₀P

721.502 7

[M-H]^-

↑^***

↓^**

PC 16:0_16:0

11.31

C₄₀H₈₀NO₈P

778.556 2

[M+HCOO]^-

↓^***

PI 18:1_20:4

11.34

C₄₇H₈₁O₁₃P

883.533 5

[M-H]^-

↓^***

FA 9:1+1O

11.64

C₉H₁₆O₃

171.102 7

[M-H]^-

↑^***

↓^*

CAR 16:3

11.9

C₂₃H₃₉NO₄

394.294 4

[M+H]⁺

↑^***

↓

LysoPS(18:0/0:0)

12.59

C₂₄H₄₈NO₉P

524.297 0

[M-H]^-

↓^***

LysoPC 16:2

12.65

C₂₄H₄₆NO₇P

514.288 9

[M+Na]⁺

↑^***

↓

LysoPC 14:0

12.98

C₂₂H₄₆NO₇P

490.289 9

[M+Na]⁺

↑^***

↓^**

CAR 18:4

13.01

C₂₅H₄₁NO₄

420.313 5

[M+H]⁺

↑^**

↓^***

LysoPS 21:3

13.10

C₂₇H₄₈NO₉P

560.297 4

[M-H]^-

↓^**

↑

LysoPC 16:1

13.89

C₂₄H₄₈NO₇P

516.304 5

[M+Na]⁺

↑^***

12-HETE

14.34

C₂₀H₃₂O₃

319.228 2

[M-H]^-

↓^***

↑

LysoPC(15:0/0:0)

14.52

C₂₃H₄₈NO₇P

504.302 4

[M+Na]⁺

↑^***

↓^***

LysoPC 18:2

14.78

C₂₆H₅₀NO₇P

542.319 9

[M+Na]⁺

↑^***

↓

LysoPC 20:4

14.90

C₂₈H₅₀NO₇P

566.318 6

[M+Na]⁺

↑^***

↓^***

CAR 18:2

15.00

C₂₅H₄₅NO₄

424.340 0

[M+H]⁺

↑^***

↓^*

5(S)-Hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid

15.02

C₂₀H₃₂O₄

335.222 7

[M-H]^-

↓^**

↑

NATau 20:4;O

15.06

C₂₂H₃₇NO₅S

426.234 4

[M-H]^-

↓^**

FA 15:2;O

15.10

C₁₅H₂₆O₃

253.181 5

[M-H]^-

↑^*

↓^*

LysoPE 20:4

15.39

C₂₅H₄₄NO₇P

500.278 5

[M-H]^-

↓^**

LysoPC 16:0

15.77

C₂₄H₅₀NO₇P

518.319 1

[M+Na]⁺

↑^***

↓^**

LysoPC 20:5

15.79

C₂₈H₄₈NO₇P

586.312 9

[M+HCOO]^-

↑^**

↓^**

LysoPC 20:3

16.06

C₂₈H₅₂NO₇P

568.335 3

[M+Na]⁺

↑^***

↓^*

LysoPC(18:1/0:0)

16.27

C₂₆H₅₂NO₇P

522.355 0

[M+H]⁺

↑^**

↓^***

LysoPC O-16:0

16.35

C₂₄H₅₂NO₆P

482.358 5

[M+H]⁺

↓^**

LysoPG 20:5

17.01

C₂₆H₄₃O₉P

529.255 3

[M-H]^-

↑^***

↓^*

LysoPC 17:0

17.27

C₂₅H₅₂NO₇P

532.332 8

[M+Na]⁺

↑^***

↓^***

FA 18:2;2O

17.53

C₁₈H₃₂O₄

311.224 7

[M-H]^-

↑^*

↓^**

LysoPC O-20:2

18.21

C₂₈H₅₆NO₆P

534.391 2

[M+H]⁺

↓^***

LysoPC(18:0/0:0)

18.22

C₂₆H₅₄NO₇P

524.369 8

[M+H]⁺

↑^***

↓^*

PC 18:0

18.73

C₂₆H₅₂NO₈P

582.339 2

[M+HCOO]^-

↓^***

NAGly 16:1

19.28

C₁₈H₃₃NO₃

310.239 1

[M-H]^-

↑^*

↓^**

LysoPE 18:0

19.47

C₂₃H₄₈NO₇P

480.307 6

[M-H]^-

↓^***

LysoPG 16:0

19.61

C₂₂H₄₅O₉P

483.271 4

[M-H]^-

↑^***

↓^***

NAGly 18:2

19.92

C₂₀H₃₅NO₃

338.266 2

[M+H]⁺

↑^**

↓^***

LysoPC 19:0

20.45

C₂₇H₅₆NO₇P

560.362 9

[M+Na]⁺

↑^***

↓^*

FA 18:3

21.45

C₁₈H₃₀O₂

277.218 1

[M-H]^-

↑^**

↓

PE O-18:2_20:4

22.39

C₄₃H₇₆NO₇P

748.526 3

[M-H]^-

↑^***

↓^**

PG 18:1_18:1

22.61

C₄₂H₇₉O₁₀P

773.531 4

[M-H]^-

↑^***

↓^**

PE 16:0_22:6

22.62

C₄₃H₇₄NO₈P

762.501 6

[M-H]^-

↓^**

LysoPC 20:0

22.83

C₂₈H₅₈NO₇P

574.380 4

[M+Na]⁺

↑^***

↓^**

FA 22:5

23.19

C₂₂H₃₄O₂

329.249 0

[M-H]^-

↓^*

FA 22:4

23.74

C₂₂H₃₆O₂

331.263 9

[M-H]^-

↓^***

Oleamide

23.75

C₁₈H₃₅NO

282.279 3

[M+H]⁺

↓^**

PI 18:0_22:6

29.56

C₄₉H₈₃O₁₃P

909.549 9

[M-H]^-

↓^***

PE 16:0_20:4

29.62

C₄₁H₇₄NO₈P

738.503 4

[M-H]^-

↓^***

No.	Pathway name	Total	Hits	Raw P	FDR	Impact
1	Purine metabolism	66	6	0.002	0.067	0.276
2	Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism	28	4	0.002	0.067	0.379
3	Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis	19	3	0.006	0.128	0.007
4	Cysteine and methionine metabolism	33	3	0.028	0.382	0.131
5	Arginine biosynthesis	14	2	0.032	0.382	0.116
6	Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism	15	2	0.036	0.382	0.194
7	Pyruvate metabolism	22	2	0.073	0.616	0.090
8	Arachidonic acid metabolism	36	2	0.167	1.000	0.111
9	Glycerophospholipid metabolism	36	2	0.167	1.000	0.121
10	Fructose and mannose metabolism	18	1	0.313	1.000	0.051

No.

Pathway name

Total

Hits

Raw P

FDR

Impact

Purine metabolism

0.002

0.067

0.276

Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism

0.002

0.067

0.379

Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis

0.006

0.128

0.007

Cysteine and methionine metabolism

0.028

0.382

0.131

Arginine biosynthesis

0.032

0.382

0.116

Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism

0.036

0.382

0.194

Pyruvate metabolism

0.073

0.616

0.090

Arachidonic acid metabolism

0.167

1.000

0.111

Glycerophospholipid metabolism

0.167

1.000

0.121

Fructose and mannose metabolism

0.313

1.000

0.051

No.	Pathway name	Total	Hits	Raw P	FDR	Impact
1	Purine metabolism	66	6	0.002	0.067	0.276
2	Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism	28	4	0.002	0.067	0.379
3	Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis	19	3	0.006	0.128	0.007
4	Cysteine and methionine metabolism	33	3	0.028	0.382	0.131
5	Arginine biosynthesis	14	2	0.032	0.382	0.116
6	Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism	15	2	0.036	0.382	0.194
7	Pyruvate metabolism	22	2	0.073	0.616	0.090
8	Arachidonic acid metabolism	36	2	0.167	1.000	0.111
9	Glycerophospholipid metabolism	36	2	0.167	1.000	0.121
10	Fructose and mannose metabolism	18	1	0.313	1.000	0.051

No.

Pathway name

Total

Hits

Raw P

FDR

Impact

Purine metabolism

0.002

0.067

0.276

Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism

0.002

0.067

0.379

Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis

0.006

0.128

0.007

Cysteine and methionine metabolism

0.028

0.382

0.131

Arginine biosynthesis

0.032

0.382

0.116

Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism

0.036

0.382

0.194

Pyruvate metabolism

0.073

0.616

0.090

Arachidonic acid metabolism

0.167

1.000

0.111

Glycerophospholipid metabolism

0.167

1.000

0.121

Fructose and mannose metabolism

0.313

1.000

0.051

No.	Pathway name	Raw P	-lgP	Impact
1	Purine metabolism	0.034	1.462	0.031
2	Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism	0.068	1.168	0.194
3	Pyruvate metabolism	0.098	1.008	0.059
4	Glycerophospholipid metabolism	0.156	0.806	0.018
5	Arachidonic acid metabolism	0.156	0.806	0.112
6	Tryptophan metabolism	0.176	0.754	0.014

No.

Pathway name

Raw P

-lgP

Impact

Purine metabolism

0.034

1.462

0.031

Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism

0.068

1.168

0.194

Pyruvate metabolism

0.098

1.008

0.059

Glycerophospholipid metabolism

0.156

0.806

0.018

Arachidonic acid metabolism

0.156

0.806

0.112

Tryptophan metabolism

0.176

0.754

0.014

No.	Pathway name	Raw P	-lgP	Impact
1	Purine metabolism	0.034	1.462	0.031
2	Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism	0.068	1.168	0.194
3	Pyruvate metabolism	0.098	1.008	0.059
4	Glycerophospholipid metabolism	0.156	0.806	0.018
5	Arachidonic acid metabolism	0.156	0.806	0.112
6	Tryptophan metabolism	0.176	0.754	0.014

No.

Pathway name

Raw P

-lgP

Impact

Purine metabolism

0.034

1.462

0.031

Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism

0.068

1.168

0.194

Pyruvate metabolism

0.098

1.008

0.059

Glycerophospholipid metabolism

0.156

0.806

0.018

Arachidonic acid metabolism

0.156

0.806

0.112

Tryptophan metabolism

0.176

0.754

0.014

款冬花熏吸干预香烟诱导小鼠肺损伤的代谢组学研究

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付志星 , 李思瑶 , 秦雪梅 , 李震宇 ^*

药学学报 | 研究论文 2024,59(3): 713-723

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药学学报 | 研究论文 2024, 59(3): 713-723

款冬花熏吸干预香烟诱导小鼠肺损伤的代谢组学研究

全屏

付志星, 李思瑶, 秦雪梅, 李震宇^*

作者信息

山西大学, 化学生物学与分子工程教育部重点实验室, 中医药现代研究中心, 山西太原 030006

通讯作者:

^*李震宇, Tel: 86-351-7011202, E-mail: lizhenyu@sxu.edu.cn

Effect of fumigation therapy of Flos Farfarae in cigarette smoke-induced lung injury mice based on metabolomics

Zhi-xing FU, Si-yao LI, Xue-mei QIN, Zhen-yu LI^*

Affiliations

Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China

出版时间: 2024-03-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0793

文章导航

摘要

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本研究旨在探讨款冬花熏吸疗法对香烟烟雾诱导的肺损伤模型小鼠的改善作用, 并分析其对肺损伤小鼠肺组织代谢轮廓的影响。所有动物福利和实验过程均遵循山西大学动物伦理委员会的规定(批准号: SXULL2019014)。通过HS-GC-MS分析鉴定款冬花热挥发性成分23种。款冬花熏吸干预能够改善香烟烟雾诱导的肺损伤模型小鼠的肺组织形态, 降低白介素-6 (interleukin-6, IL-6) 和白介素-1β (interleukin-1β, IL-1β) 的水平。采集各组小鼠的肺组织进行基于UHPLC-QTOF MS的代谢组学分析, 结果显示香烟暴露后肺组织中有70个代谢物水平显著变化, 经款冬花熏吸干预后能回调溶血磷脂酰胆碱(lysophosphatidylcholine, LPC)、12-HETE、腺苷、黄嘌呤等35个差异代谢物水平。LPC、12-HETE、腺苷、黄嘌呤等代谢物与体内的炎症反应密切相关, 这些回调的代谢物集中在嘌呤代谢、花生四烯酸代谢、磷脂代谢和丙酮酸代谢通路上。说明款冬花挥发性成分中含有的萜类物质可能通过调节肺组织中溶血磷脂酰胆碱、12-HETE、腺苷等炎性反应相关代谢物的水平, 进而通过嘌呤代谢、磷脂代谢等途径缓解香烟烟雾诱导小鼠肺部炎症。本研究证明了款冬花传统熏吸应用的科学内涵, 为款冬花熏吸应用及产品开发提供了理论依据。

关键词

肺损伤 / 款冬花 / 熏吸 / 香烟 / 代谢组学

Abstract

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This study aimed to investigate the effect of Flos Farfarae (FF) fumigation on cigarette smoke-induced lung injury mice, and analyze the metabolic profile of lung tissue by metabolomics. All animal experiments were conducted under the guidance and approval of the Animal Ethics Review Committee of Shanxi University (Approval number: SXULL2019014). By using HS-GC-MS to analyze volatile components of Flos Farfarae, 23 compounds were identified. The results showed that FF fumigation improved the lung tissue morphology of cigarette smoke-induced lung injury mice, lowered the levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). The lung tissue samples were applied for metabolomic analysis based on UHPLC-QTOF MS, the results showed that 70 metabolites were changed in the lung tissue of mice after cigarette exposure, and 35 of them could be regulated, including lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), 12-HETE, adenosine, and xanthine. These metabolites, such as LPC, 12-HETE, adenosine, and xanthine were mainly associated with the body's inflammatory response. It was observed that these metabolites are primarily involved in purine metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, phospholipid metabolism, and pyruvate metabolism pathways. These findings suggest that the volatile terpenoids in the FF may regulate the metabolites associated with the inflammatory response in the lung tissue, such as lysophosphatidylcholine, 12-HETE, and adenosine, which could further alleviate lung inflammation induced by cigarette smoke through the metabolic pathways of purine metabolism and others. This study proved the scientific basis of the traditional application of FF fumigation, and provided a theoretical basis for the further product development.

Key words

lung injury / Flos Farfarae / fumigation / cigarette / metabolomics

引用本文

付志星, 李思瑶, 秦雪梅, 李震宇. 款冬花熏吸干预香烟诱导小鼠肺损伤的代谢组学研究. 药学学报, 2024 , 59 (3) : 713 -723 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0793

Zhi-xing FU, Si-yao LI, Xue-mei QIN, Zhen-yu LI. Effect of fumigation therapy of Flos Farfarae in cigarette smoke-induced lung injury mice based on metabolomics[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2024 , 59 (3) : 713 -723 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0793

正文

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吸烟是肺炎、哮喘、慢性肺阻塞、肺癌等呼吸道疾病的重要致病因素, 香烟中含有焦油、尼古丁、一氧化碳、重金属等数百种有害物质, 进入体内会诱导氧化应激、DNA损伤以及炎症反应^{[1, 2]}; 炎症是香烟烟雾相关疾病发病机制的共同特征, 接触香烟烟雾后, 炎症细胞聚集到肺部, 通过释放包括蛋白水解酶和活性氧在内的促炎介质, 带来组织损伤的风险^[3]。不仅主动吸烟会引起呼吸道损伤, 吸入二手烟对呼吸道也会产生损伤^[4]。

中药熏吸疗法是指经口鼻吸入中药燃烧时产生的烟气或中药煎煮后产生的蒸汽, 使含有中药成分的烟气或蒸汽经呼吸道入肺, 然后进入血液循环发挥药效, 从而达到防病治病的目的^[5]。款冬花是菊科植物款冬(Tussilago farfara L.)的干燥花蕾^[6], 常用于治疗咳嗽、哮喘和急慢性支气管炎等各种呼吸道疾病。除了常规口服给药外, 款冬花还能够通过加热熏吸给药, 如《肘后备急方》^[7]中记载的崔氏疗久嗽方提示款冬花熏吸给药对长期咳嗽导致的肺部炎症有效。香烟刺激同样也会导致肺部炎症和损伤, 款冬花这种特殊熏吸方法是否对香烟诱导的肺损伤有效？本文通过对香烟诱导的慢性肺损伤小鼠模型的肺组织病理形态、肺组织代谢组变化分析, 探讨款冬熏吸干预对香烟诱导肺部损伤的作用机制, 为后续开发款冬花熏吸产品提供理论依据。

材料与方法

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仪器安捷伦1290 Infinity II UHPLC、安捷伦7890 A气相色谱仪、安捷伦5977质谱检测器(美国Agilent公司); AB SCIEX Q-TOF 5600质谱仪(美国AB SCIEX公司); 涡旋混合器XW-80A (上海精科实业有限公司); TGL-16高速台式冷冻离心机(湖南湘仪离心机仪器有限公司); Scientz-1 LS离心浓缩仪(宁波新芝生物科技股份有限公司); 十万分之一天平(梅特勒-托利多仪器有限公司); Milli-Q Integral Water Purification System (美国Millipore公司)。

药物与试剂 款冬花购自山西国新晋药集团有限公司, 山西大学中医药现代研究中心秦雪梅教授鉴定为菊科植物款冬(T. farfara L.) 的干燥花蕾, 编号KD-155; 小鼠IL-6 ELISA试剂盒购自上海西唐生物有限公司; 小鼠IL-1β ELISA试剂盒购自Andygene公司; 甲酸、乙腈、甲醇均为质谱纯购自美国Thermo公司。

实验动物 雌性ICR小鼠(20 ± 2 g) 购自北京维通利华实验动物科技有限公司, 动物许可证号为SCKX-2016-0006。动物福利和实验过程均遵循山西大学动物伦理委员会的规定(批准文号: SXULL2019014)。

款冬花熏吸准备 将款冬花样品粉碎成粉末, 过60目的筛网。挥发性物质通过电子加热器(180 ℃) 加热产生, 用于动物吸入。

款冬花热挥发性成分分析 采用HS-GC-MS分析款冬花中的热挥发性成分, 色谱条件: 采用Agilent HP-5MS色谱柱(30 m × 250 μm, 0.25 μm) 进行分析, 升温程序, 起始温度30 ℃, 维持3 min。以15 ℃·min^-1升到260 ℃, 维持3 min。载气(N₂) 流速为1 mL·min^-1。顶空温度为120 ℃, 进样口和传输器温度分别为250和130 ℃。进样量为1 mL, 分流比为2∶1。质谱条件: EI电离源, 扫描方式为全扫描, 扫描范围为m/z 12~550。四极杆温度、传输线温度和质谱源温度分别为150、280和230 ℃。

将HS-GC-MS获得的相关色谱峰的质谱与NIST 14 (美国国家标准与技术研究所, Gaithersburg, MD, USA) 的光谱进行比较, 确定化合物。

动物分组与给药 选用ICR小鼠(18~22 g), 随机分为空白(C)、模型组(M)、熏吸给药组(F), 在SPF级(specific pathogen free) 实验室适应1周后进行实验。香烟烟雾暴露过程中, 除对照组外, 将其他小鼠置于暴露室(60 cm × 60 cm × 60 cm) 内。被动吸烟的过程如下: 每天上午将小鼠以组为单位置于暴露室内, 点燃香烟, 使小鼠被动吸烟, 每组小鼠每天的用量为6支香烟。M组小鼠仅上午暴露于香烟烟雾, 熏吸给药组下午进行给药, 吸入款冬花热挥发性成分[15 g·(kg·d)^-1款冬生药量, 每天熏吸1 h], 空白对照组不吸烟; 实验持续2周。

观察指标 使用10%水合氯醛进行麻醉, 麻醉前禁食12 h, 10只小鼠取右侧肺下叶用4%多聚甲醛固定, 石蜡包埋, 切片, HE染色, 于光学显微镜下观察其病理变化; 另外10只小鼠收集肺组织样本, 进行代谢组学研究。

细胞炎性因子水平测定 根据试剂盒说明书检测小鼠血清中IL-6的水平和小鼠肺组织中IL-1β的水平。

统计学处理 生化指标数据采用SPSS 21.0软件进行统计分析, 数据结果用均数±标准差(

$ \overline{x} $

± s) 表示。组间差异通过参数检验(Student's t-test) 比较, P < 0.05表示差异有统计学意义。

肺组织样本处理 取100 mg肺组织加入1 000 μL预冷的80%甲醇, 匀浆后在4 ℃孵育60 min, 13 000 r·min^-1离心15 min, 取上清, 在35 ℃下离心蒸发至干。残渣用150 μL 80%甲醇复溶, 13 000 r·min^-1离心15 min, 取上清液转移到带衬管的进样小瓶中; 每个样品取10 μL在EP管中混合, 用于质控(quality control, QC) 样本。

LC-MS检测方法建立 采用Waters Acquity UHPLC HSS T3液相色谱柱(2.1 mm × 100 mm, 1.8 µm, 美国Waters公司) 进行色谱分离, 柱温40 ℃, 进样体积5 µL, 流速0.20 mL·min^-1, 以0.1%甲酸水(A)-乙腈(B) 为流动相, 梯度洗脱, 洗脱条件为: 0~2 min, 2% B; 2~3 min, 2%~35% B; 3~17 min, 35%~70% B; 17~18 min, 70% B; 18~29 min, 70%~98% B; 29~31 min, 98% B; 31~33 min, 98%~2% B; 33~35 min, 2% B。

质谱条件: 电喷雾离子源(ESI), 正、负离子模式检测, 喷雾电压(IS) 分别为+ 5 500 V、-4 500 V; 离子源温度(TEMP) 为450 ℃; 雾化气压力(GS1) 为55 psi; 辅助气压力(GS2) 为55 psi; 气帘气压力(CUR) 为30 psi; 簇裂解电压(DP) 为60 V; 碰撞能量(GSI) 为35 eV; 碰撞能量滚动区间(CES) 为15 eV; 检测模式为IDA (信息关联采集模式) 及多重质量亏损触发二级的条件; 一个质谱周期由一次TOF质谱测量扫描(累积时间0.25 s) 和最多十次IDA产物离子扫描(累积时间0.09 s) 组成; 一级质谱母离子扫描范围为m/z 100~1 500; 二级质谱离子扫描范围为m/z 50~1 250。

代谢组学数据处理 将LC-MS测得原始数据经XCMS进行峰识别、峰过滤、峰对齐等分析, 获得色谱峰质核比(m/z)、保留时间(t_R) 及峰面积等信息; 将预处理后的数据导入SIMCA-P (ver 13.0) 进行主成分分析(PCA) 并采用非参数检验(Mann-Whitney U检验) 结合FC值分析标志性代谢物的组间差异。根据FC值结合组间比较非参数检验的P值, 将符合FC > 1.2或 < 0.8且P < 0.05的变量进行初步筛选; 然后根据精确分子量和碎片离子等信息通过查询Human Metabolone Database (HMDB, https://hmdb.ca) 和LIPID MAPS (https://www.lipidmaps.org/) 获得差异代谢物信息, 借助MSDIAL (ver 4.90) 软件对潜在生物标志物进行鉴定; 差异生物标志物利用KEGG (http://www.genome.jp/kegg/) 网站和MetPA数据库(www.metaboanalyst.ca) 进行生物代谢通路富集分析。

结果

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1 款冬花热挥发性成分

对款冬花热挥发性成分进行气质联用分析(图 1), 通过NIST数据库进行结构鉴定, 共鉴定出化合物23种(表 1), 其中包括5个烯烃类化合物, 3个酮类化合物, 6个醛类化合物, 1个酸类化合物、1个醇类化合物、4个萜类化合物和3个其他类化合物。

2 款冬花熏吸抗香烟致肺损伤小鼠肺组织病理学形态分析

肺组织病理切片如图 2所示, 空白组(C) 肺组织外观正常, 组织结构无明显改变。模型组(M) 出现形态损伤和炎症改变, 气管上皮细胞增生, 气道破损, 腔内有红细胞聚集, 肺泡壁明显增厚, 肺泡间隙变窄, 有单核细胞和中性粒细胞浸润。款冬熏吸干预后, 气管腔内的血细胞减少、肺泡间隔厚度降低, 浸润的炎症细胞数量降低, 肺组织的形态和炎症状况有明显改善。

3 款冬花熏吸调控肺损伤小鼠细胞炎症因子水平

相比正常组, 暴露在香烟烟雾两周后的小鼠的炎症因子IL-6 (图 3A, P < 0.01) 和IL-1β (图 3B, P < 0.05) 显著升高, 款冬花熏吸后IL-6水平有降低的趋势, 而IL-1β水平显著降低(图 3)。

4 代谢组学分析

4.1 多元统计分析

利用QC样本来考察仪器和方法的稳定性, 从PCA得分图(图 4A、B) 可看出, QC样本均位于2倍SD范围以及95%置信区间内, 说明仪器稳定、重复性良好、数据可靠。无监督的主成分分析可以反映整体代谢轮廓的变化。空白组、模型组、款冬花熏吸给药组之间的3D-PCA得分图如图 4C、D所示, 空白组和模型组有明显的分离, 款冬花熏吸给药组处于空白组和模型组之间, 且部分与空白组重叠, 表明香烟暴露后小鼠的肺组织轮廓有显著变化, 款冬花熏吸给药后能够逆转这种异常变化。

4.2 差异代谢物的筛选与鉴定

通过多元统计分析结果发现香烟暴露前后小鼠肺组织代谢组存在明显差异, 以P < 0.05, FC > 1.2或FC < 0.8为标准, 共筛选和鉴定出70个差异代谢物(代谢物鉴定举例如图 5), 其中有8个氨基酸及其衍生物、15个脂肪酰类化合物、9个甘油磷脂类化合物、22个溶血磷脂类化合物、8个核苷酸及其衍生物, 以及8个其他类型的化合物(表 2)。款冬花熏吸干预后有35个代谢物(FC > 1.2或 < 0.8) 发生回调, 其中有25个差异代谢物能够显著回调(P < 0.05), 主要是溶血磷脂酰胆碱(LPC)、CAR 16:3、腺苷、黄嘌呤等代谢物; 说明款冬花熏吸对于香烟诱导的肺损伤具有一定的调节作用。款冬花熏吸干预回调的差异代谢物趋势如表 2。

5 代谢通路分析

将空白组与模型组的差异代谢物导入MetaboAnalyst 5.0 (https://www.metaboanalyst.ca/) 在线分析平台进行KEGG代谢通路分析, 结果如图 6A和表 3所示, 发现香烟暴露后主要影响氨基酸代谢、糖代谢、甘油磷脂代谢、花生四烯酸代谢以及嘌呤代谢等22条通路途经。款冬花熏吸干预的35个差异代谢物主要涉及嘌呤代谢、烟酸和烟酰胺代谢、丙酮酸代谢、甘油磷脂代谢、花生四烯酸代谢、色氨酸代谢(图 6B、表 4)。如图 7所示, 为主要代谢物及其可能代谢通路转化图。

5.1 嘌呤代谢

黄嘌呤及其衍生物如茶碱、咖啡因等常用于治疗慢性肺阻塞、哮喘等呼吸道疾病^[8], 主要药理作用是抑制组织磷酸二酯酶, 增加细胞环腺苷酸水平; 黄嘌呤可通过释放抗炎细胞因子或激活组蛋白去乙酰化酶而具有抗炎作用^[9]。黄嘌呤的体内代谢水平受到黄嘌呤脱氢酶调控, 黄嘌呤脱氢酶(XDH) 是组织中黄嘌呤氧化还原酶(XOR) 的主要形式, 在嘌呤代谢中, XDH是活性氧(ROS) 的主要来源之一, 能够通过各种机制激活NLR3炎症小体并促进巨噬细胞中的IL-1β的分泌, 从而促进炎症反应的发生^{[10, 11]}。

腺苷被认为是免疫反应的关键介质, 在缺氧、组织损伤、炎症调节和免疫反应的情况下, 其水平显著升高, 能通过A2B腺苷受体促进生成IL-4、IgE等促炎因子加剧炎症发生^[12-14]。腺苷脱氨酶(ADA) 活性降低或失活会导致腺苷和脱氧腺苷的毒性蓄积^[15], 研究表明ADA缺陷小鼠会发生进行性气道炎症和腺苷升高相关的重构, 这表明腺苷水平升高可以促进肺部慢性疾病的发展^[16]。

在香烟诱导肺损伤小鼠的肺组织内黄嘌呤水平显著降低, 而腺苷水平显著增加; 经过款冬花熏吸干预后能够回调黄嘌呤和腺苷的水平, 说明款冬花熏吸可能通过嘌呤代谢途径缓解肺部炎症的发展。

5.2 花生四烯酸代谢

花生四烯酸的代谢物介导的炎症、细胞增殖和氧化应激与肺部疾病密切相关^[17]。花生四烯酸主要通过环氧化酶(COXs) 和脂氧化酶(LOXs) 和细胞色素P450酶(CYP) 代谢成一系列生物活性介质^[18]。12-HETE是花生四烯酸的脂氧合酶代谢物, 也是一种微血管内皮细胞的促有丝分裂因子, 可以促进肺内损伤的内皮细胞层的伤口愈合^[19]。12-HETE还可以通过MAPK依赖机制刺激肺动脉平滑肌细胞增殖, 在肺血管重塑的过程中发挥重要作用^[20]。12-HETE主要与ALOX5、ALOX12、CYP4F2、CYP4F22、CYP4F3相关, 5-脂加氧酶(ALOX5) 可催化花生四烯酸的过氧化作用, 其产物白三烯以及其他氧化产物能够诱发炎症反应, 促进肺损伤的发展进程^[21]; ALOX12编码12-脂氧合酶, 作用于不同的多不饱和脂肪酸底物, 产生生物活性脂质介质, 在炎症和氧化中起重要作用^[22]。细胞色素P450家族4亚家族F成员编码的酶能催化花生四烯酸代谢产生炎性相关物质, 以上这些基因编码的酶能够调控体内12-HETE的代谢水平。香烟诱导肺损伤小鼠的12-HETE水平显著降低, 经熏吸干预后能够回调其水平, 说明款冬花熏吸能够通过影响脂氧合酶(ALOX5、ALOX12) 以及CYP4F家族成员的活性, 进而回调12-HETE促进肺损伤的修复。

5.3 甘油磷脂代谢

溶血磷脂酰胆碱(LPC) 是一种被磷脂酶A2 (PLA2) 水解磷脂酰胆碱(PC) 形成的磷脂代谢物, 在炎症反应中作为信号分子发挥重要作用^[23]。磷脂酶A2受多个不同的基因(PLA2G4A、PLA2G4F等) 调控, 有文献报道气管内给予PLA2酶后大鼠会出现急性肺损伤的病理特征, 表现为肺泡水肿、炎性细胞积聚和肺泡壁增厚, 肺泡灌洗液中炎症细胞的数量增多^[24]。LPCs水平在炎症相关疾病如哮喘、COPD以及过敏性气道炎症^[25-28]中增加, 能够通过结合TLR2和TLR4受体^[29]激活NF-κB信号通路, 促使单核细胞、T淋巴细胞、中性粒细胞等产生炎性浸润, 并促进促炎因子如TNF-α, IL-1β及促凋亡因子如BAX (BCL2-associated X)、caspase-3等表达^[30]。除了PLA2能影响LPC的水平之外, 溶血磷脂酶(LYPLA) 也能够通过代谢溶血磷脂酰胆碱, 从而影响体内LPC的水平。与溶血磷脂酶相关的基因有LYPLA1、LYPLA2、LYPLA3、CLCF1等, 溶血磷脂酶1 (LYPLA1) 具有蛋白质脱棕榈酰化(从蛋白质的半胱氨酸残基中除去硫酯连接的长链脂肪酸) 的活性, 作用于E-cadherin、N-cadherin和vimentin等上皮间质转化标志物促进肺癌的发生发展^[31]; 心肌营养素样细胞因子1 (CLCF1) 能与睫状神经营养因子受体(CNTFR) 的胞外结构域结合, 触发由JAK-STAT、MAPK和其他途径介导的信号级联, 通过自分泌和旁分泌信号传导促进肺癌^[32]。经款冬花熏吸干预后, LysoPC 16:0、LysoPC (18:0/0:0)、LysoPC 20:4、LysoPC 20:5等12个溶血磷脂酰胆碱类化合物显著回调, 说明款冬花熏吸对于肺部炎症的作用与调控肺组织甘油磷脂代谢有关。

5.4 丙酮酸代谢

丙酮酸代谢是糖代谢中的重要环节, 同时影响着脂质、蛋白质以及核酸等物质的合成代谢。研究发现丙酮酸代谢可作为急性呼吸窘迫综合征大鼠模型炎症和损伤的指标^[33], S-乳酰谷胱甘肽是丙酮酸代谢中重要的节点代谢物, 是D-乳酸和丙酮酸的前体物质, 能够增强免疫球蛋白E (IgE) 诱导的组胺释放, 组胺能诱导肺巨噬细胞释放β-葡萄糖醛酸酶和IL-6促进炎症反应^{[34, 35]}。由GLO1、GLOD4编码的乙二醛酶和HAGH和HAGHL编码的羟酰谷胱甘肽水解酶可以代谢S-乳酰谷胱甘肽, S-乳酰谷胱甘肽在香烟暴露后代谢水平显著增加, 而款冬花熏吸后发生回调, 说明款冬花熏吸干预能够通过调节相关代谢酶的活性恢复S-乳酰谷胱甘肽的代谢水平, 进而抑制组胺释放诱发的炎症反应。

讨论

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熏吸疗法自秦汉时期发展至今, 对呼吸道疾病有着独到的治疗作用, 是常用的中药外治法之一。本研究通过款冬花熏吸干预香烟诱导小鼠的肺损伤, 发现款冬花熏吸干预后能够预防肺部炎症细胞浸润程度和肺器官内生理结构的形变程度, 并且能够降低IL-6和IL-1β的水平, 说明款冬花的有效成分能够通过熏吸的方式直接作用于肺, 进而对香烟导致的肺损伤产生保护作用。通过熏吸给药能够避免口服给药引起的首过效应、胃肠内容物的干扰、吸收缓慢等缺陷。

通过GC-MS鉴定出23种款冬花的热挥发性成分, 其中α-phellandrene是一种环状单萜, 可以通过抑制中性粒细胞迁移和肥大细胞脱颗粒来减弱角叉菜胶诱导的小鼠炎症, 能显著抑制TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6的产生^[36]。Cymene是一种单萜烯, 具有抗炎、抗肿瘤、抗氧化、抗病毒等活性^[37], cymene可以通过抑制BALF中的促炎性细胞因子(TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6) 产生、肺水肿形成、炎性细胞浸润、NF-κB和MAPK信号通路等机制对LPS诱导的急性肺损伤小鼠发挥保护作用^[38]。β-Bisabolene能够缓解角叉菜胶诱导肩胛气囊的炎症, 降低气囊渗出液体积和气囊渗出液中亚硝酸盐和前列腺素E2的水平, 减少炎性细胞因子TNF-α、IL-1β的产生^[39]。

通过采用基于UHPLC-QTOF MS液质联用技术分析了款冬花熏吸对香烟诱导肺损伤小鼠的干预作用。香烟中含有大量的氧化剂, 能够诱导肺组织生成大量的活性氧, 造成氧化损伤, 诱发炎症^[40]。代谢组学显示, 暴露在香烟两周后, 小鼠肺组织内有70个代谢物水平显著变化; 腺苷和溶血磷脂酰胆碱等促炎物质的水平显著上升, 这些代谢物能够通过腺苷受体A2B以及NF-κB等多条通路诱导促炎因子的生成, 促进肺内炎性细胞的聚集和炎症反应, 从而造成肺损伤。款冬花熏吸干预后能使腺苷、溶血磷脂酰胆碱、12-HETE、黄嘌呤等35个内源性代谢物发生回调, 上调的12-HETE以及黄嘌呤具有抑制炎症、促进损伤修复的作用。代谢通路分析提示甘油磷脂代谢、花生四烯酸代谢、嘌呤代谢、丙酮酸代谢等代谢通路是款冬花熏吸改善香烟诱导肺损伤的潜在靶标通路。与代谢物相关的酶和基因(ADA、ALOX5、ALOX12、PLA2G4A、PLA2G4F、GLO1、GLOD4等) 可能是款冬花熏吸干预肺损伤的潜在靶点。本研究证明了款冬花传统熏吸应用的科学内涵, 即款冬花挥发性成分中含有的萜类物质可能通过调节肺组织中溶血磷脂酰胆碱、12-HETE、腺苷等炎性反应相关代谢物的水平, 进而通过嘌呤代谢、磷脂代谢等途径缓解香烟烟雾诱导小鼠肺部炎症。本研究为进一步的款冬花熏吸产品开发提供了理论依据。

作者贡献: 付志星、李思瑶负责实验研究工作及数据分析处理, 并撰写稿件; 秦雪梅参与文章的监督和修改; 李震宇对整个研究工作进行设计、监督和指导, 以及对稿件的修改。

利益冲突: 本文的研究无任何利益冲突。

基金

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国家自然科学基金资助项目(81973466)
国家中医药管理局青年岐黄学者项目

参考文献

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2024年第59卷第3期

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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0793

接收时间：2023-06-27
首发时间：2025-11-28
出版时间：2024-03-12

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收稿日期：2023-06-27
修回日期：2023-08-22

基金

国家自然科学基金资助项目(81973466)

国家中医药管理局青年岐黄学者项目

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山西大学, 化学生物学与分子工程教育部重点实验室, 中医药现代研究中心, 山西太原 030006

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^*李震宇, Tel: 86-351-7011202, E-mail: lizhenyu@sxu.edu.cn

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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No.	t_R/min	Compound name	Boiling point/℃	CAS ID	Formula	Relative peak area/%
Aldehydes
1	2.032	2-Methylpropanal	63.0	78-84-2	C₄H₈O	16.97
2	3.024	3-Methylbutanal	92.5	590-86-3	C₅H₁₀O	13.33
3	3.180	2-Methylbutanal	91.0	96-17-3	C₅H₁₀O	24.17
4	5.088	3-Methylpentanal	-	15877-57-3	C₆H₁₂O	0.72
5	5.678	Hexanal	131.0	66-25-1	C₆H₁₂O	1.68
6	7.308	Heptanal	152.8	111-71-7	C₇H₁₄O	0.07
Ketones
7	2.269	2-Pentanone	102.2	107-87-9	C₅H₁₀O	1.23
8	2.321	2-Butanone	79.5	78-93-3	C₄H₈O	0.63
9	3.780	3-Hexanone	123.5	589-38-8	C₆H₁₂O	0.82
Olefins
10	7.132	1-Nonene	146.9	124-11-8	C₉H₁₈	17.5
11	8.493	1-Decene	170.5	872-05-9	C₁₀H₂₀	1.40
12	9.582	1, 12-Tridecadiene	-	21964-48-7	C₁₃H₂₄	3.53
13	9.674	1-Undecene	192.7	821-95-4	C₁₁H₂₂	7.12
14	11.720	6-Tridecene	-	24949-38-0	C₁₃H₂₆	0.28
Terpenoids
15	8.695	α-Phellandrene	171-172	2243-33-6	C₁₀H₁₆	0.66
16	8.943	Cymene	175.1	535-77-3	C₁₀H₁₄	1.69
17	12.640	Copaene	-	3856-25-5	C₁₅H₂₄	0.38
18	13.720	β-Bisabolene	-	495-61-4	C₁₅H₂₄	0.35
Alcohols
19	11.609	cis-9-Tetradecen-1-ol	-	35153-15-2	C₁₄H₂₈O	1.02
Acids
20	6.590	2-Methylbutanoic acid	176.5	116-53-0	C₅H₁₀O₂	0.23
Other
21	1.819	Dimethyl sulfide	37.3	75-18-3	C₂H₆S	1.63
22	3.826	2-Ethylfuran	92.0	3208-16-0	C₆H₈O	0.78
23	5.855	3(2H)-Furanone	-	3511-31-7	C₄H₄O₂	0.17

No.

t_R/min

Compound name

Boiling point/℃

CAS ID

Formula

Relative peak area/%

Aldehydes

2.032

2-Methylpropanal

63.0

78-84-2

C₄H₈O

16.97

3.024

3-Methylbutanal

92.5

590-86-3

C₅H₁₀O

13.33

3.180

2-Methylbutanal

91.0

96-17-3

C₅H₁₀O

24.17

5.088

3-Methylpentanal

15877-57-3

C₆H₁₂O

0.72

5.678

Hexanal

131.0

66-25-1

C₆H₁₂O

1.68

7.308

Heptanal

152.8

111-71-7

C₇H₁₄O

0.07

Ketones

2.269

2-Pentanone

102.2

107-87-9

C₅H₁₀O

1.23

2.321

2-Butanone

79.5

78-93-3

C₄H₈O

0.63

3.780

3-Hexanone

123.5

589-38-8

C₆H₁₂O

0.82

Olefins

7.132

1-Nonene

146.9

124-11-8

C₉H₁₈

17.5

8.493

1-Decene

170.5

872-05-9

C₁₀H₂₀

1.40

9.582

1, 12-Tridecadiene

21964-48-7

C₁₃H₂₄

3.53

9.674

1-Undecene

192.7

821-95-4

C₁₁H₂₂

7.12

11.720

6-Tridecene

24949-38-0

C₁₃H₂₆

0.28

Terpenoids

8.695

α-Phellandrene

171-172

2243-33-6

C₁₀H₁₆

0.66

8.943

Cymene

175.1

535-77-3

C₁₀H₁₄

1.69

12.640

Copaene

3856-25-5

C₁₅H₂₄

0.38

13.720

β-Bisabolene

495-61-4

C₁₅H₂₄

0.35

Alcohols

11.609

cis-9-Tetradecen-1-ol

35153-15-2

C₁₄H₂₈O

1.02

Acids

6.590

2-Methylbutanoic acid

176.5

116-53-0

C₅H₁₀O₂

0.23

Other

1.819

Dimethyl sulfide

37.3

75-18-3

C₂H₆S

1.63

3.826

2-Ethylfuran

92.0

3208-16-0

C₆H₈O

0.78

5.855

3(2H)-Furanone

3511-31-7

C₄H₄O₂

0.17

No.	Compound name	t_R/min	Formula	Mass	Ion	M vs C	F vs M
1	Fructose 1, 6-bisphosphate	0.87	C₆H₁₄O₁₂P₂	338.988 7	[M-H]^-	↓^**	-
2	Aspartic acid	0.98	C₄H₇NO₄	132.030 3	[M-H]^-	↓^***	-
3	CMP	1.09	C₉H₁₄N₃O₈P	322.044 1	[M-H]^-	↓^***	-
4	γ-Glutamylglutamic acid	1.12	C₁₀H₁₆N₂O₇	275.088 3	[M-H]^-	↑^*	-
5	Uridine diphosphate-N-acetylglucosamine	1.38	C₁₇H₂₇N₃O₁₇P₂	606.074 3	[M-H]^-	↓^***	-
6	AMP	1.39	C₁₀H₁₄N₅O₇P	348.070 1	[M+H]⁺	↓^*	-
7	Argininosuccinic acid	1.39	C₁₀H₁₈N₄O₆	291.128 8	[M+H]⁺	↓^*	-
8	Xanthine	1.50	C₅H₄N₄O₂	153.040 1	[M+H]⁺	↓^*	↑
9	Malic acid	1.52	C₄H₆O₅	133.014 4	[M-H]^-	↓^***	-
10	Ascorbic acid	1.73	C₆H₈O₆	175.025 5	[M-H]^-	↓^*	-
11	Niacinamide	1.74	C₆H₆N₂O	123.054 9	[M+H]⁺	↑^*	↓
12	Valine	2.09	C₅H₁₁NO₂	118.085 8	[M+H]⁺	↓^*	-
13	Methionine	2.18	C₅H₁₁NO₂S	150.058 1	[M+H]⁺	↓^***	-
14	UMP	3.56	C₉H₁₃N₂O₉P	323.028 3	[M-H]^-	↓^***	-
15	Isoleucine	3.57	C₆H₁₃NO₂	130.087 4	[M-H]^-	↓^**	-
16	S-Adenosylhomocysteine	3.70	C₁₄H₂₀N₆O₅S	383.114 3	[M-H]^-	↓^*	-
17	cAMP	3.80	C₁₀H₁₂N₅O₆P	328.044 9	[M-H]^-	↓^**	-
18	S-Lactoylglutathione	3.89	C₁₃H₂₁N₃O₈S	378.096 9	[M-H]^-	↑^*	↓
19	Adenylosuccinic acid	3.98	C₁₄H₁₈N₅O₁₁P	462.066 4	[M-H]^-	↓^**	-
20	Pantothenic acid	4.55	C₉H₁₇NO₅	218.102 5	[M-H]^-	↓^***	-
21	Adenosine	4.68	C₁₀H₁₃N₅O₄	268.103 8	[M+H]⁺	↑^*	↓
22	5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid	4.86	C₁₀H₉NO₃	192.065 3	[M+H]⁺	↓^*	↑
23	3-Methyloxindole	6.31	C₉H₉NO	146.061 2	[M-H]^-	↓^***	-
24	Xanthurenic acid	6.42	C₁₀H₇NO₄	204.031 8	[M-H]^-	↓^**	-
25	PG 16:0_16:0	11.05	C₃₈H₇₅O₁₀P	721.502 7	[M-H]^-	↑^***	↓^**
26	PC 16:0_16:0	11.31	C₄₀H₈₀NO₈P	778.556 2	[M+HCOO]^-	↓^***	-
27	PI 18:1_20:4	11.34	C₄₇H₈₁O₁₃P	883.533 5	[M-H]^-	↓^***	-
28	FA 9:1+1O	11.64	C₉H₁₆O₃	171.102 7	[M-H]^-	↑^***	↓^*
29	CAR 16:3	11.9	C₂₃H₃₉NO₄	394.294 4	[M+H]⁺	↑^***	↓
30	LysoPS(18:0/0:0)	12.59	C₂₄H₄₈NO₉P	524.297 0	[M-H]^-	↓^***	-
31	LysoPC 16:2	12.65	C₂₄H₄₆NO₇P	514.288 9	[M+Na]⁺	↑^***	↓
32	LysoPC 14:0	12.98	C₂₂H₄₆NO₇P	490.289 9	[M+Na]⁺	↑^***	↓^**
33	CAR 18:4	13.01	C₂₅H₄₁NO₄	420.313 5	[M+H]⁺	↑^**	↓^***
34	LysoPS 21:3	13.10	C₂₇H₄₈NO₉P	560.297 4	[M-H]^-	↓^**	↑
35	LysoPC 16:1	13.89	C₂₄H₄₈NO₇P	516.304 5	[M+Na]⁺	↑^***	-
36	12-HETE	14.34	C₂₀H₃₂O₃	319.228 2	[M-H]^-	↓^***	↑
37	LysoPC(15:0/0:0)	14.52	C₂₃H₄₈NO₇P	504.302 4	[M+Na]⁺	↑^***	↓^***
38	LysoPC 18:2	14.78	C₂₆H₅₀NO₇P	542.319 9	[M+Na]⁺	↑^***	↓
39	LysoPC 20:4	14.90	C₂₈H₅₀NO₇P	566.318 6	[M+Na]⁺	↑^***	↓^***
40	CAR 18:2	15.00	C₂₅H₄₅NO₄	424.340 0	[M+H]⁺	↑^***	↓^*
41	5(S)-Hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid	15.02	C₂₀H₃₂O₄	335.222 7	[M-H]^-	↓^**	↑
42	NATau 20:4;O	15.06	C₂₂H₃₇NO₅S	426.234 4	[M-H]^-	↓^**	-
43	FA 15:2;O	15.10	C₁₅H₂₆O₃	253.181 5	[M-H]^-	↑^*	↓^*
44	LysoPE 20:4	15.39	C₂₅H₄₄NO₇P	500.278 5	[M-H]^-	↓^**	-
45	LysoPC 16:0	15.77	C₂₄H₅₀NO₇P	518.319 1	[M+Na]⁺	↑^***	↓^**
46	LysoPC 20:5	15.79	C₂₈H₄₈NO₇P	586.312 9	[M+HCOO]^-	↑^**	↓^**
47	LysoPC 20:3	16.06	C₂₈H₅₂NO₇P	568.335 3	[M+Na]⁺	↑^***	↓^*
48	LysoPC(18:1/0:0)	16.27	C₂₆H₅₂NO₇P	522.355 0	[M+H]⁺	↑^**	↓^***
49	LysoPC O-16:0	16.35	C₂₄H₅₂NO₆P	482.358 5	[M+H]⁺	↓^**	-
50	LysoPG 20:5	17.01	C₂₆H₄₃O₉P	529.255 3	[M-H]^-	↑^***	↓^*
51	LysoPC 17:0	17.27	C₂₅H₅₂NO₇P	532.332 8	[M+Na]⁺	↑^***	↓^***
52	FA 18:2;2O	17.53	C₁₈H₃₂O₄	311.224 7	[M-H]^-	↑^*	↓^**
53	LysoPC O-20:2	18.21	C₂₈H₅₆NO₆P	534.391 2	[M+H]⁺	↓^***	-
54	LysoPC(18:0/0:0)	18.22	C₂₆H₅₄NO₇P	524.369 8	[M+H]⁺	↑^***	↓^*
55	PC 18:0	18.73	C₂₆H₅₂NO₈P	582.339 2	[M+HCOO]^-	↓^***	-
56	NAGly 16:1	19.28	C₁₈H₃₃NO₃	310.239 1	[M-H]^-	↑^*	↓^**
57	LysoPE 18:0	19.47	C₂₃H₄₈NO₇P	480.307 6	[M-H]^-	↓^***	-
58	LysoPG 16:0	19.61	C₂₂H₄₅O₉P	483.271 4	[M-H]^-	↑^***	↓^***
59	NAGly 18:2	19.92	C₂₀H₃₅NO₃	338.266 2	[M+H]⁺	↑^**	↓^***
60	LysoPC 19:0	20.45	C₂₇H₅₆NO₇P	560.362 9	[M+Na]⁺	↑^***	↓^*
61	FA 18:3	21.45	C₁₈H₃₀O₂	277.218 1	[M-H]^-	↑^**	↓
62	PE O-18:2_20:4	22.39	C₄₃H₇₆NO₇P	748.526 3	[M-H]^-	↑^***	↓^**
63	PG 18:1_18:1	22.61	C₄₂H₇₉O₁₀P	773.531 4	[M-H]^-	↑^***	↓^**
64	PE 16:0_22:6	22.62	C₄₃H₇₄NO₈P	762.501 6	[M-H]^-	↓^**	-
65	LysoPC 20:0	22.83	C₂₈H₅₈NO₇P	574.380 4	[M+Na]⁺	↑^***	↓^**
66	FA 22:5	23.19	C₂₂H₃₄O₂	329.249 0	[M-H]^-	↓^*	-
67	FA 22:4	23.74	C₂₂H₃₆O₂	331.263 9	[M-H]^-	↓^***	-
68	Oleamide	23.75	C₁₈H₃₅NO	282.279 3	[M+H]⁺	↓^**	-
69	PI 18:0_22:6	29.56	C₄₉H₈₃O₁₃P	909.549 9	[M-H]^-	↓^***	-
70	PE 16:0_20:4	29.62	C₄₁H₇₄NO₈P	738.503 4	[M-H]^-	↓^***	-

No.

Compound name

t_R/min

Formula

Mass

Ion

M vs C

F vs M

Fructose 1, 6-bisphosphate

0.87

C₆H₁₄O₁₂P₂

338.988 7

[M-H]^-

↓^**

Aspartic acid

0.98

C₄H₇NO₄

132.030 3

[M-H]^-

↓^***

CMP

1.09

C₉H₁₄N₃O₈P

322.044 1

[M-H]^-

↓^***

γ-Glutamylglutamic acid

1.12

C₁₀H₁₆N₂O₇

275.088 3

[M-H]^-

↑^*

Uridine diphosphate-N-acetylglucosamine

1.38

C₁₇H₂₇N₃O₁₇P₂

606.074 3

[M-H]^-

↓^***

AMP

1.39

C₁₀H₁₄N₅O₇P

348.070 1

[M+H]⁺

↓^*

Argininosuccinic acid

1.39

C₁₀H₁₈N₄O₆

291.128 8

[M+H]⁺

↓^*

Xanthine

1.50

C₅H₄N₄O₂

153.040 1

[M+H]⁺

↓^*

↑

Malic acid

1.52

C₄H₆O₅

133.014 4

[M-H]^-

↓^***

Ascorbic acid

1.73

C₆H₈O₆

175.025 5

[M-H]^-

↓^*

Niacinamide

1.74

C₆H₆N₂O

123.054 9

[M+H]⁺

↑^*

↓

Valine

2.09

C₅H₁₁NO₂

118.085 8

[M+H]⁺

↓^*

Methionine

2.18

C₅H₁₁NO₂S

150.058 1

[M+H]⁺

↓^***

UMP

3.56

C₉H₁₃N₂O₉P

323.028 3

[M-H]^-

↓^***

Isoleucine

3.57

C₆H₁₃NO₂

130.087 4

[M-H]^-

↓^**

S-Adenosylhomocysteine

3.70

C₁₄H₂₀N₆O₅S

383.114 3

[M-H]^-

↓^*

cAMP

3.80

C₁₀H₁₂N₅O₆P

328.044 9

[M-H]^-

↓^**

S-Lactoylglutathione

3.89

C₁₃H₂₁N₃O₈S

378.096 9

[M-H]^-

↑^*

↓

Adenylosuccinic acid

3.98

C₁₄H₁₈N₅O₁₁P

462.066 4

[M-H]^-

↓^**

Pantothenic acid

4.55

C₉H₁₇NO₅

218.102 5

[M-H]^-

↓^***

Adenosine

4.68

C₁₀H₁₃N₅O₄

268.103 8

[M+H]⁺

↑^*

↓

5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid

4.86

C₁₀H₉NO₃

192.065 3

[M+H]⁺

↓^*

↑

3-Methyloxindole

6.31

C₉H₉NO

146.061 2

[M-H]^-

↓^***

Xanthurenic acid

6.42

C₁₀H₇NO₄

204.031 8

[M-H]^-

↓^**

PG 16:0_16:0

11.05

C₃₈H₇₅O₁₀P

721.502 7

[M-H]^-

↑^***

↓^**

PC 16:0_16:0

11.31

C₄₀H₈₀NO₈P

778.556 2

[M+HCOO]^-

↓^***

PI 18:1_20:4

11.34

C₄₇H₈₁O₁₃P

883.533 5

[M-H]^-

↓^***

FA 9:1+1O

11.64

C₉H₁₆O₃

171.102 7

[M-H]^-

↑^***

↓^*

CAR 16:3

11.9

C₂₃H₃₉NO₄

394.294 4

[M+H]⁺

↑^***

↓

LysoPS(18:0/0:0)

12.59

C₂₄H₄₈NO₉P

524.297 0

[M-H]^-

↓^***

LysoPC 16:2

12.65

C₂₄H₄₆NO₇P

514.288 9

[M+Na]⁺

↑^***

↓

LysoPC 14:0

12.98

C₂₂H₄₆NO₇P

490.289 9

[M+Na]⁺

↑^***

↓^**

CAR 18:4

13.01

C₂₅H₄₁NO₄

420.313 5

[M+H]⁺

↑^**

↓^***

LysoPS 21:3

13.10

C₂₇H₄₈NO₉P

560.297 4

[M-H]^-

↓^**

↑

LysoPC 16:1

13.89

C₂₄H₄₈NO₇P

516.304 5

[M+Na]⁺

↑^***

12-HETE

14.34

C₂₀H₃₂O₃

319.228 2

[M-H]^-

↓^***

↑

LysoPC(15:0/0:0)

14.52

C₂₃H₄₈NO₇P

504.302 4

[M+Na]⁺

↑^***

↓^***

LysoPC 18:2

14.78

C₂₆H₅₀NO₇P

542.319 9

[M+Na]⁺

↑^***

↓

LysoPC 20:4

14.90

C₂₈H₅₀NO₇P

566.318 6

[M+Na]⁺

↑^***

↓^***

CAR 18:2

15.00

C₂₅H₄₅NO₄

424.340 0

[M+H]⁺

↑^***

↓^*

5(S)-Hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid

15.02

C₂₀H₃₂O₄

335.222 7

[M-H]^-

↓^**

↑

NATau 20:4;O

15.06

C₂₂H₃₇NO₅S

426.234 4

[M-H]^-

↓^**

FA 15:2;O

15.10

C₁₅H₂₆O₃

253.181 5

[M-H]^-

↑^*

↓^*

LysoPE 20:4

15.39

C₂₅H₄₄NO₇P

500.278 5

[M-H]^-

↓^**

LysoPC 16:0

15.77

C₂₄H₅₀NO₇P

518.319 1

[M+Na]⁺

↑^***

↓^**

LysoPC 20:5

15.79

C₂₈H₄₈NO₇P

586.312 9

[M+HCOO]^-

↑^**

↓^**

LysoPC 20:3

16.06

C₂₈H₅₂NO₇P

568.335 3

[M+Na]⁺

↑^***

↓^*

LysoPC(18:1/0:0)

16.27

C₂₆H₅₂NO₇P

522.355 0

[M+H]⁺

↑^**

↓^***

LysoPC O-16:0

16.35

C₂₄H₅₂NO₆P

482.358 5

[M+H]⁺

↓^**

LysoPG 20:5

17.01

C₂₆H₄₃O₉P

529.255 3

[M-H]^-

↑^***

↓^*

LysoPC 17:0

17.27

C₂₅H₅₂NO₇P

532.332 8

[M+Na]⁺

↑^***

↓^***

FA 18:2;2O

17.53

C₁₈H₃₂O₄

311.224 7

[M-H]^-

↑^*

↓^**

LysoPC O-20:2

18.21

C₂₈H₅₆NO₆P

534.391 2

[M+H]⁺

↓^***

LysoPC(18:0/0:0)

18.22

C₂₆H₅₄NO₇P

524.369 8

[M+H]⁺

↑^***

↓^*

PC 18:0

18.73

C₂₆H₅₂NO₈P

582.339 2

[M+HCOO]^-

↓^***

NAGly 16:1

19.28

C₁₈H₃₃NO₃

310.239 1

[M-H]^-

↑^*

↓^**

LysoPE 18:0

19.47

C₂₃H₄₈NO₇P

480.307 6

[M-H]^-

↓^***

LysoPG 16:0

19.61

C₂₂H₄₅O₉P

483.271 4

[M-H]^-

↑^***

↓^***

NAGly 18:2

19.92

C₂₀H₃₅NO₃

338.266 2

[M+H]⁺

↑^**

↓^***

LysoPC 19:0

20.45

C₂₇H₅₆NO₇P

560.362 9

[M+Na]⁺

↑^***

↓^*

FA 18:3

21.45

C₁₈H₃₀O₂

277.218 1

[M-H]^-

↑^**

↓

PE O-18:2_20:4

22.39

C₄₃H₇₆NO₇P

748.526 3

[M-H]^-

↑^***

↓^**

PG 18:1_18:1

22.61

C₄₂H₇₉O₁₀P

773.531 4

[M-H]^-

↑^***

↓^**

PE 16:0_22:6

22.62

C₄₃H₇₄NO₈P

762.501 6

[M-H]^-

↓^**

LysoPC 20:0

22.83

C₂₈H₅₈NO₇P

574.380 4

[M+Na]⁺

↑^***

↓^**

FA 22:5

23.19

C₂₂H₃₄O₂

329.249 0

[M-H]^-

↓^*

FA 22:4

23.74

C₂₂H₃₆O₂

331.263 9

[M-H]^-

↓^***

Oleamide

23.75

C₁₈H₃₅NO

282.279 3

[M+H]⁺

↓^**

PI 18:0_22:6

29.56

C₄₉H₈₃O₁₃P

909.549 9

[M-H]^-

↓^***

PE 16:0_20:4

29.62

C₄₁H₇₄NO₈P

738.503 4

[M-H]^-

↓^***

No.	Pathway name	Total	Hits	Raw P	FDR	Impact
1	Purine metabolism	66	6	0.002	0.067	0.276
2	Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism	28	4	0.002	0.067	0.379
3	Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis	19	3	0.006	0.128	0.007
4	Cysteine and methionine metabolism	33	3	0.028	0.382	0.131
5	Arginine biosynthesis	14	2	0.032	0.382	0.116
6	Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism	15	2	0.036	0.382	0.194
7	Pyruvate metabolism	22	2	0.073	0.616	0.090
8	Arachidonic acid metabolism	36	2	0.167	1.000	0.111
9	Glycerophospholipid metabolism	36	2	0.167	1.000	0.121
10	Fructose and mannose metabolism	18	1	0.313	1.000	0.051

No.

Pathway name

Total

Hits

Raw P

FDR

Impact

Purine metabolism

0.002

0.067

0.276

Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism

0.002

0.067

0.379

Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis

0.006

0.128

0.007

Cysteine and methionine metabolism

0.028

0.382

0.131

Arginine biosynthesis

0.032

0.382

0.116

Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism

0.036

0.382

0.194

Pyruvate metabolism

0.073

0.616

0.090

Arachidonic acid metabolism

0.167

1.000

0.111

Glycerophospholipid metabolism

0.167

1.000

0.121

Fructose and mannose metabolism

0.313

1.000

0.051

No.	Pathway name	Raw P	-lgP	Impact
1	Purine metabolism	0.034	1.462	0.031
2	Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism	0.068	1.168	0.194
3	Pyruvate metabolism	0.098	1.008	0.059
4	Glycerophospholipid metabolism	0.156	0.806	0.018
5	Arachidonic acid metabolism	0.156	0.806	0.112
6	Tryptophan metabolism	0.176	0.754	0.014

No.

Pathway name

Raw P

-lgP

Impact

Purine metabolism

0.034

1.462

0.031

Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism

0.068

1.168

0.194

Pyruvate metabolism

0.098

1.008

0.059

Glycerophospholipid metabolism

0.156

0.806

0.018

Arachidonic acid metabolism

0.156

0.806

0.112

Tryptophan metabolism

0.176

0.754

0.014