Article(id=1198656292047909202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198656283525087620, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0724, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1686067200000, receivedDateStr=2023-06-07, revisedDate=1694534400000, revisedDateStr=2023-09-13, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763711529981, onlineDateStr=2025-11-21, pubDate=1699718400000, pubDateStr=2023-11-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763711529981, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763711529981, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763711529981, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198656283525087620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2023', volume='58', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='3476', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763711527949, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763711688683, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1198656957746872553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198656283525087620, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1198656957746872554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198656283525087620, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3421, endPage=3427, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198656293239091614, articleId=1198656292047909202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Second metabolites comparative analysis of Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. from different origins based on extensively targeted metabolomics, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

We performed an extensively targeting metabolomic detecting using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) to compare the secondary metabolites in Dang shen [Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf.] from Shanxi and Gansu provinces. The findings showed that 161 secondary metabolites in 6 groups (phenolic acids, flavonoids, lignans and coumarins, alkaloids, terpenoids, others) were found from Dang shen in Changzhi city of Shanxi province and Dingxi city of Gansu province. There were 98 secondary metabolites which is differed significantly. In comparison to Dingxi city, 33 different secondary metabolites of Dang shen in Changzhi city had a greater relative content, whereas relative content of 65 different metabolites in Dingxi city was higher. Metabolic pathway enrichment analysis revealed that phenolic acids and flavonoids were significantly different in the secondary metabolites of Dang shen from different producing places. This may be one of the reasons for the difference in the quality of Dang shen in Shanxi and Gansu provinces. This work compared and analyzed the secondary metabolites of Dang shen from Dingxi city in Gansu province and Changzhi city in Shanxi province for the first time, which lays the foundation for further study on the quality of Dang shen.

, correspAuthors=Yan-bing NIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2023 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Ling-yu LI, De-fu WANG, Zhen-fang LI, Shao-fei SHEN, Hong-ling TIAN, Yan-bing NIU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1198656296082829937, articleId=1198656292047909202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=基于广泛靶向代谢组学的不同产地党参次生代谢产物比较分析, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究利用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱对山西道地药材党参和引种至甘肃的党参进行广泛靶向代谢组测定并比较分析, 找出差异显著的次生代谢成分。结果发现, 山西长治和甘肃定西两个产地的党参中共有6大类(黄酮类、酚酸类、木质素和香豆素类、萜类、生物碱类、其他类) 161种次生代谢产物, 具有显著差异的次生代谢物有98种。其中山西长治产党参中有33种次生代谢物的相对含量较高, 而甘肃定西产党参有65种次生代谢物的相对含量显著高于山西长治产党参。通过代谢通路富集分析发现, 两地党参的次生代谢物中酚酸类和黄酮类代谢水平存在显著差异, 这可能是山西长治与甘肃定西两地党参质量差异形成的原因之一。该研究首次对山西长治的道地党参和引种至甘肃定西的党参次生代谢物进行比较分析, 对党参品质进一步研究提供参考。

, correspAuthors=牛颜冰, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*牛颜冰, Tel: 86-354-6287205, E-mail:
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Sample R2X R2Y Q2
S vs G 0.899 1 0.998
), ArticleFig(id=1198960244329120164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656292047909202, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

Evaluation indicators of OPLS-DAs. R2XR2Y: Model interpretation rate; Q2: Model predictive ability

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Sample R2X R2Y Q2
S vs G 0.899 1 0.998
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基于广泛靶向代谢组学的不同产地党参次生代谢产物比较分析
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李玲玉 1 , 王德富 1 , 李振方 1 , 申少斐 1 , 田洪岭 2 , 牛颜冰 1, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2023,58(11): 3421-3427
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2023, 58(11): 3421-3427
基于广泛靶向代谢组学的不同产地党参次生代谢产物比较分析
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李玲玉1, 王德富1, 李振方1, 申少斐1, 田洪岭2, 牛颜冰1, *
作者信息
  • 1.山西农业大学生命科学学院, 山西 太谷 030801
  • 2.山西农业大学经济作物研究所, 山西 太原 030031

通讯作者:

*牛颜冰, Tel: 86-354-6287205, E-mail:
Second metabolites comparative analysis of Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. from different origins based on extensively targeted metabolomics
Ling-yu LI1, De-fu WANG1, Zhen-fang LI1, Shao-fei SHEN1, Hong-ling TIAN2, Yan-bing NIU1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
  • 2. Institute of Industrial Crops, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China
出版时间: 2023-11-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0724
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本研究利用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱对山西道地药材党参和引种至甘肃的党参进行广泛靶向代谢组测定并比较分析, 找出差异显著的次生代谢成分。结果发现, 山西长治和甘肃定西两个产地的党参中共有6大类(黄酮类、酚酸类、木质素和香豆素类、萜类、生物碱类、其他类) 161种次生代谢产物, 具有显著差异的次生代谢物有98种。其中山西长治产党参中有33种次生代谢物的相对含量较高, 而甘肃定西产党参有65种次生代谢物的相对含量显著高于山西长治产党参。通过代谢通路富集分析发现, 两地党参的次生代谢物中酚酸类和黄酮类代谢水平存在显著差异, 这可能是山西长治与甘肃定西两地党参质量差异形成的原因之一。该研究首次对山西长治的道地党参和引种至甘肃定西的党参次生代谢物进行比较分析, 对党参品质进一步研究提供参考。

党参  /  代谢组学  /  次生代谢产物  /  不同产地  /  品质

We performed an extensively targeting metabolomic detecting using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) to compare the secondary metabolites in Dang shen [Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf.] from Shanxi and Gansu provinces. The findings showed that 161 secondary metabolites in 6 groups (phenolic acids, flavonoids, lignans and coumarins, alkaloids, terpenoids, others) were found from Dang shen in Changzhi city of Shanxi province and Dingxi city of Gansu province. There were 98 secondary metabolites which is differed significantly. In comparison to Dingxi city, 33 different secondary metabolites of Dang shen in Changzhi city had a greater relative content, whereas relative content of 65 different metabolites in Dingxi city was higher. Metabolic pathway enrichment analysis revealed that phenolic acids and flavonoids were significantly different in the secondary metabolites of Dang shen from different producing places. This may be one of the reasons for the difference in the quality of Dang shen in Shanxi and Gansu provinces. This work compared and analyzed the secondary metabolites of Dang shen from Dingxi city in Gansu province and Changzhi city in Shanxi province for the first time, which lays the foundation for further study on the quality of Dang shen.

Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf.  /  metabolomics  /  secondary metabolite  /  different origin  /  quality
李玲玉, 王德富, 李振方, 申少斐, 田洪岭, 牛颜冰. 基于广泛靶向代谢组学的不同产地党参次生代谢产物比较分析. 药学学报, 2023 , 58 (11) : 3421 -3427 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0724
Ling-yu LI, De-fu WANG, Zhen-fang LI, Shao-fei SHEN, Hong-ling TIAN, Yan-bing NIU. Second metabolites comparative analysis of Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. from different origins based on extensively targeted metabolomics[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2023 , 58 (11) : 3421 -3427 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0724
党参为桔梗科植物党参Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf.、素花党参C. pilosula Nannf. var. modesta (Nannf.) L. T. Shen或川党参C. tangshen Oliv.的干燥根[1]。具有很高的药用价值, 是我国传统常用大宗药材之一, 党参性平, 味甘, 具有补中益气、生津养血、健脾益肺的功效, 为临床常用中药。
党参之名始载于清代吴仪洛编著的《本草从新》, “因原产于上党郡, 而根形如参, 故名”、“今真党参久已难得, 肆中所卖党参, 种类甚多, 皆不堪用” [2]。古“上党”即今山西省长治、太行山等地, 是党参的(原) 道地产区。清代赵学敏在《本草纲目拾遗》中也这样记载“党参功能, 可代人参……, 本古名上党人参, 产于山西太行山潞安州等处为胜” [3]。关于党参的形态描述, 清代《植物名实图考》中记载: “山西多产, 长根至二、三尺, 蔓生, 叶不对, 节大如手指, 野生者根有白汁, 秋开花如沙参, 花青白色, 土人种之为利, 气极浊” [4]。这些性状描述与配图符合现代党参的特征。山西作为党参的(原) 道地产区, 有很长的种植历史, 且多集中于平顺、陵川(即长治、潞州) 等地, 被称为“潞党参”。
甘肃党参是上世纪六十年代从山西陵川引种而来, 现多数为栽培品。主产于甘肃定西、陇西、渭源、文县等地。甘肃党参栽培发展迅速, 逐渐成为党参的主要生产基地之一, 产量位居全国前列。特别是甘肃省定西地区的首阳镇, 已然成为国内党参的集散地。
从中药材的“道地性”来看, 药材的药效和周围环境之间有着密不可分的联系。生态环境变化会影响植物的次生代谢。次生代谢过程是初生代谢的发展与补充, 其产物为一类小分子有机化合物。次生代谢产物并非植物生长发育所必需, 而是在漫长进化过程中, 植物与生物和非生物因素相互作用的结果, 他们会参与植物的营养生长与生殖生长, 同时帮助植物抵挡不利环境[5-9]。植物次生代谢物主要分为7大类[10], 其中一些是临床疗效的物质基础和评价药材品质的重要指标 [11, 12]。因此, 不同产地的自然和人文环境的差异, 使得不同产地的药材次生代谢产物存在一定的差别, 进而影响药材的品质、用药的安全性、有效性。
目前, 党参多集中于化学成分、药理作用、质量控制、栽培、遗传等方面的研究, 尚未有基于靶向代谢组学对不同产地党参次生代谢信息方面的研究报道[13-18]。因此, 本试验首次将代谢组学的方法[19]应用于不同产地党参的研究中, 通过靶向分析代谢物组分, 以期发现不同产地党参在次生代谢成分方面的差异, 这对于揭示不同产地来源的党参药材品质差异, 提升其有效成分和临床安全用药均有重要意义。
仪器  超高效液相色谱仪UPLC (日本岛津公司, 型号Nexera X2 UHPLC), 质谱仪(SCIEX公司, 型号QTRAP 4500LC-MS/MS System), 离心机(Eppendorf, 型号5424R), 冻干机(宁波新芝, 型号Scientz-100F), 纯水仪(美国默克密理博公司, 型号Direct-Q3), 研磨仪(德国Retsch公司, 型号MM 400)。
试剂  甲醇(货号: I1163007135) 及乙腈(货号: CAEQ400308400) 为色谱纯度, 均购自美国Merck公司。
植物材料  本试验材料党参根分别取自山西省长治市和甘肃省定西市。样品于2021年10月底至11月初采集两年生植株, 所有样本均经山西农业大学牛颜冰教授鉴定为桔梗科植物党参Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf.。
取样方法  2021年10月至11月对不同产地的两年生党参进行取样。在10 min内将党参根样品放入液氮, 之后于-80 ℃保存。每份党参根样品混合来自至少3株表型基本一致的党参植株, 放到50 mL离心管中, 后迅速放入液氮, 每份样品取鲜重3~5 g, 重复3个以上, 剩余材料进行备份。在本试验中, 山西长治产党参根用字母“S”标示、甘肃定西产党参根用字母“G”标示。
样品提取  采集的党参样品用冻干机进行真空冷冻干燥后, 用混合研磨器将样品磨成粉末。用1.2 mL 70%的甲醇溶液对100 mg粉末进行提取, 溶解过程中每隔30 min涡旋一次, 每次30 s, 共涡旋6次。于4 ℃冷藏过夜, 12 000 r·min-1离心10 min得上清液。0.22 μm滤膜过滤后备用。
色谱条件  采集仪器系统使用超高效液相色谱。具体参数如下: 色谱柱Agilent SB-C18 (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.8 µm), 流动相中A相为添加0.1%甲酸的超纯水, B相为添加0.1%甲酸的乙腈, 洗脱梯度为0 min时B相的占比为5 %; 9 min时B相占比为95%, 并保持1 min; 10~11.10 min时, B相占比下降为5%, 并保持到14 min; 其中进样量4 μL, 流速为0.35 mL·min-1, 柱温为40 ℃。
质谱条件  采集仪器系统使用串联质谱。具体参数如下: 涡轮喷雾, 离子源; 离子喷雾电压(IS) 正离子模式5 500 V/负离子模式-4 500 V; 源温度550 ℃; 气帘气和离子源气体I、II分别为25.0、50和60 psi (1 psi ≈ 6.9 kPa), 碰撞诱导电离参数高。分别使用QQQ (10 μmol·L-1聚丙二醇、MRM模式、碰撞气体氮气中等) 和LIT (100 μmol·L-1聚丙二醇) 两种模式对仪器进行调谐和质量校准。通过优化CE和DP完成MRM离子对的CE和DP。基于各个时期洗脱后的代谢产物, 监测其特定的MRM离子对。
代谢物分析  物质定性分析是基于文献[20]报道的二级谱图及裂解规律建立数据库MWDB, 分析过程中剔除同位素、含Na+等的重复信号。物质定量分析则是根据三重四级杆质谱的多反应监测模式MRM进行, 先筛选目标物质的前体离子, 再选择一个特征碎片离子, 排除干扰, 提高定量精度和重复性。对其质谱峰进行积分, 同时对不同样本中相同代谢物的质谱峰进行校正[21]
利用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测技术得到混样质控(QC) 样本质谱检测总离子流图(TIC图) 的叠加图。图 1为质控样本在负离子(A) 和正离子(B) 检测模式下的质谱总离子流色谱图结果, 可以看出TIC图具有较高的曲线重叠性, 即保留时间和峰强度相同, 说明在不同时间检测时, 用质谱对同一样品进行检测时, 信号稳定性好, 同时数据结果可靠。
在山西长治、甘肃定西两个产地的党参中共鉴定出6大类161种次生代谢物, 如图 2所示, 其中酚酸类有49种(包括松柏醛、熊果苷、咖啡酸、水杨苷、紫丁香苷、丁香酰咖啡酰奎宁酸葡萄糖等)、黄酮类有50种(包括黄烷醇类6种、黄酮碳糖苷6种、黄酮醇16种、黄酮22种)、木质素和香豆素类有18种(包括松柏醇桂皮酸酯、松脂醇等)、其他类有8种(包括党参炔醇、脱氢二十二烷醇-4-O-葡萄糖苷等)、生物碱类有16种(包括哌啶类生物碱2种、生物碱14种)、萜类有20种(包括倍萜5种、倍半萜3种、三萜12种)。
图 3A所示, 对样品进行主成分分析(PCA) 后, 发现第一主成分PC1 (83.35%) 和第二主成分PC2 (6.14%) 分值图呈现出显著的分离趋势, 说明山西长治产党参和甘肃定西产党参两者的代谢成分上存在很大差异, PCA结果可以从总体上反映两地党参次生代谢物的差异。
正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA) 得分图结果显示(图 3B), 第一主成分PC1 (84.1%) 和第二主成分PC2 (5.85%) 的分值图显著分离。通过表 1 OPLS-DA模型的评价参数指标(R2X > 0.5、R2Y > 0.5且Q2 > 0.9), 可以看出OPLS-DA模型构建良好且可靠, 通过分析VIP值可筛选不同样本间的差异代谢物。
通过将单变量统计和多元统计分析相结合的方法, 对差异次生代谢物进行挖掘。根据多元统计分析OPLS-DA结果的VIP值(表示对应代谢物的组间差异在各组样本分类判别中的影响强度), 可以初步筛选出山西长治和甘肃定西产党参的差异次生代谢物, 进一步筛选则通过结合单变量统计P-value或者Fold change进行。本试验筛选标准为: 代谢物在不同样本间的差异为2倍以上或0.5以下, 即Fold change ≤ 0.5和Fold change ≥ 2; VIP ≥ 1。
图 4A可以看出, 在长治和定西产党参中, 具有显著差异的次生代谢物有6类98种, 占比为60.87%, 说明长治和定西产党参存在显著的次生代谢产物差异。其中, 定西产党参中有65种次生代谢物的相对含量相比长治产党参显著上调。如黄酮类成分木犀草素-7-O-葡萄糖苷(木犀草苷)、山柰酚-3-O-半乳糖苷(三叶豆苷)、木犀草素-7-O-龙胆双糖苷、山柰酚-3-O-(6″-丙二酰)葡萄糖苷、山柰酚-3, 7-O-双葡萄糖苷、没食子儿茶素-(4α→8)-没食子儿茶素、6-羟基木犀草素-5-葡萄糖苷、6-羟基山柰酚-7-O-葡萄糖苷、槲皮素-7-O-葡萄糖苷、异金丝桃苷、木犀草素、槲皮素-5-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、牡荆素葡萄糖苷在长治产党参中几乎没有。有33种成分在定西产党参中呈下调表达, 如萜类成分3β-乙酰氧基-25-羟基羊毛甾-8, 23-二烯和3, 25-环氧模绕醇酸、酚酸类成分2, 3, 4-三羟基苯甲酸在定西党参中几乎没有。甘肃定西产党参中上调代谢物的数量远大于下调代谢物的数量, 可以作为区分山西长治产党参和甘肃定西产党参的关键差异次生代谢物。其中差异次生代谢物分别占比为: 酚酸类占比33.67% (33种)、黄酮类占比43.88% (43种)、木质素和香豆素类占比10.20% (10种)、其他类占比5.10% (5种)、生物碱类占比1.02 (1种)、萜类占比6.12% (6种)。
在所有差异次生代谢物中, 总体上有12种酚酸类、9种黄酮类、2种木质素和香豆素类、4种其他类、1种生物碱类、5种萜类在山西长治产党参中的相对含量更高; 21种酚酸类、34种黄酮类、8种木质素和香豆素类、1种其他类、1种萜类在甘肃定西产党参中的相对含量更高。两地党参代谢物种类和含量上的差异, 形成了药效成分的差异。为了更直观的比较山西长治党参和引种至甘肃定西党参的次生代谢物差异, 从图 4B所示的差异代谢物分类热图可以看出, 在定西产党参中黄酮类和酚酸类物质的相对含量显著增加, 萜类物质的相对含量则显著减少。
为了更清楚地了解不同产地党参次生代谢物差异倍数的变化情况, 图 5为代谢物差异倍数柱状图, 并将上调和下调的差异次生代谢物中排名靠前的20位代谢物进行绘图。甘肃定西产党参中有10种黄酮[木犀草素-7-O-龙胆双糖苷、木犀草素-7-O-葡萄糖苷(木犀草苷)、山柰酚-3-O-半乳糖苷(三叶豆苷)、山柰酚-3-O-(6″-丙二酰) 葡萄糖苷、山柰酚-3, 7-O-双葡萄糖苷、没食子儿茶素-(4α→8)-没食子儿茶素、槲皮素-7-O-葡萄糖苷、6-羟基木犀草素-5-葡萄糖苷、木犀草素、槲皮素-5-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷] 的含量明显高于山西长治产党参, 6种黄酮[表没食子儿茶素-3-O-(3, 5-O-二甲基) 没食子酸酯、金合欢素-7-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷、千层纸素A-7-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷、汉黄芩苷(汉黄芩素-7-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷)、芹菜素-7-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷、黄芩苷] 的含量明显低于山西长治产党参; 1种酚酸类(2, 3, 4-三羟基苯甲酸) 含量明显低于山西长治产党参; 1种其他类(党参苷VIII) 含量显著低于山西长治产党参; 2种萜类(3β-乙酰氧基-25-羟基羊毛甾-8, 23-二烯、3, 25-环氧模绕醇酸) 含量明显低于山西长治产党参, 说明山西长治产党参次生代谢物中相对含量较高的有部分酚酸类和萜类, 甘肃定西产党参相对含量较高的有部分黄酮类。
将差异代谢物与Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) 数据库比对并进行通路富集分析, 结果表明, 共有8条通路, 如图 6所示。在筛选出的98种具有显著差异的代谢物中被KEGG注释到的有15种, 主要包括7种酚酸类、7种黄酮类、1种木质素和香豆素类。酚酸类主要参与Ko00940 (phenylpropanoid biosynthesis)、Ko01110 (biosynthesis of secondary metabolites)、Ko01100 (metabolic pathways)、Ko00998 (biosynthesis of various secondary metabolites - part 2)、Ko00010 (glycolysis/gluconeogenesis)、Ko00945 (stilbenoid, diarylheptanoid and gingerol biosynthesis)、Ko00941 (flavonoid biosynthesis), 且被KEGG注释到的绿原酸(3-O-咖啡酰奎宁酸)、松柏醇、咖啡酸、5-O-对香豆酰奎宁酸、1-O-芥子酰-D-葡萄糖这5种酚酸类代谢物在甘肃定西产党参中显著上调, 而熊果苷、水杨苷则显著下调。黄酮类主要参与Ko01100 (metabolic pathways)、Ko00941 (flavonoid biosynthesis)、Ko00944 (flavone and flavonol biosynthesis)、Ko01110 (biosynthesis of secondary metabolites), 且被KEGG注释到的木犀草素、儿茶素、槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖苷(异槲皮苷)、木犀草素-7-O-葡萄糖苷(木犀草苷)、槲皮素-3-O-芸香糖苷(芦丁)、山柰酚-3-O-半乳糖苷(三叶豆苷) 这6种黄酮类代谢物在甘肃定西产党参中显著上调, 而牡荆素-2″-O-葡萄糖苷则显著下调。木质素和香豆素类主要参与Ko00998 (biosynthesis of various secondary metabolites - part 2)、Ko01100 (metabolic pathways)及Ko01110 (biosynthesis of secondary metabolites) 代谢途径, 且被KEGG注释到的松脂醇代谢物在甘肃定西产党参中显著上调。
中药材党参在全国各地均有分布, 其中山西省为党参的(原) 道地产区, 而甘肃省自20世纪60年代由山西陵川引种后, 逐步发展成为国内种植面积和产量最大的地区。中药的药效物质是产生疗效的基础, 这些药效物质大多是植物产生的次生代谢产物, 而次生代谢产物的形成和积累与其生长的自然条件密切相关, 我国土地辽阔, 有复杂的地理、气候与土壤等环境条件, 由于地理环境的不同, 形成了不同的生态区域, 即使同一物种的药材, 其质量和疗效也会因产地不同而产生很大的差异。因此, 研究山西和甘肃党参次生代谢产物的差异, 可为揭示道地药材品质形成的分子机制, 提高植物药用成分的含量, 评价不同产地党参的药材质量提供一定的理论依据。
药理学研究表明, 党参在神经系统、消化系统、内分泌系统、循环系统和免疫系统等方面均有显著影响, 具有保护神经、抗炎、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗菌、抗病毒、保肝等作用。本研究发现, 山西长治和甘肃定西产党参的次生代谢物有显著的差异, 导致差异的主要原因可能是引种到甘肃定西的党参中部分黄酮类、酚酸类、木脂素和香豆素类等物质大量积累, 部分萜类等物质大量消耗。研究表明, 黄酮类物质木犀草素和木犀草苷有抗氧化、抗癌、抑制甚至逆转皮肤疾病的作用[22-28], 异金丝桃苷可有效保护心肌[29], 酚酸类物质6-O-咖啡酰熊果苷具有较好的抗氧化、清除ROS和抗凋亡作用[30], 木脂素和香豆素类物质芝麻素可用于治疗乳腺癌[31], 松脂醇具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗真菌活性、缓解低血糖等作用 [32-35]。本试验结果显示, 木犀草素、木犀草苷、异金丝桃苷和6-O-咖啡酰熊果苷在长治党参中几乎测不到, 而在定西党参中含量却非常高。芝麻素和松脂醇在定西党参中的含量相比长治党参则显著增加。萜类物质中苍术内酯类作为党参的特征性成分, 具有显著的抗炎、神经保护和抗癌等作用[36-42]。在本试验中, 虽然苍术内酯Ⅲ的相对含量在长治和定西产党参中无显著差异, 但苍术内酯II的含量在定西产党参中显著下调。这可能与产地环境和种植方式等自然和人为因素有关。通过对KEGG代谢通路的分析, 发现酚酸类、黄酮类物质在定西产党参中显著上调, 这可能与引种后定西党参中相关代谢通路中酶的活性或者基因的表达有关, 但目前针对引种前后党参次生代谢物变化的研究较少, 因此, 不同产地党参次生代谢物的具体变化机制还需做进一步探索。
本研究结果可以作为鉴别山西长治和甘肃定西产党参品质差异的依据。由于药材品质会受到多种因素的影响, 因此有必要增加党参样本数量, 同时扩大产地和季节等因素的比较分析, 为阐明道地药材质量的形成机制、山西和甘肃产党参的质量评价、产品开发提供参考。
作者贡献: 李玲玉负责文献调研、数据分析及文章撰写; 王德富、田洪岭负责实验统筹和论文审阅; 申少斐、李振方负责样品采集和代谢组测定; 牛颜冰负责论文设计及项目开展。
利益冲突: 所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突。
  • 山西省基础研究项目(202203021222155)
  • 山西农业大学科技创新基金项目(2018YJ49)
  • 山西省优秀博士来晋工作奖励项目(SXYBKY2019011)
  • 财政部和农业农村部: 国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-21)
  • 中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(YDZJSX2022B008)
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0724
  • 接收时间:2023-06-07
  • 首发时间:2025-11-21
  • 出版时间:2023-11-12
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  • 收稿日期:2023-06-07
  • 修回日期:2023-09-13
基金
山西省基础研究项目(202203021222155)
山西农业大学科技创新基金项目(2018YJ49)
山西省优秀博士来晋工作奖励项目(SXYBKY2019011)
财政部和农业农村部: 国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-21)
中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(YDZJSX2022B008)
作者信息
    1.山西农业大学生命科学学院, 山西 太谷 030801
    2.山西农业大学经济作物研究所, 山西 太原 030031

通讯作者:

*牛颜冰, Tel: 86-354-6287205, E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0724
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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