Article(id=1201158418980631484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1201158414379479837, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0591, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1683475200000, receivedDateStr=2023-05-08, revisedDate=1694793600000, revisedDateStr=2023-09-16, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764308083528, onlineDateStr=2025-11-28, pubDate=1707667200000, pubDateStr=2024-02-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764308083528, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764308083528, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764308083528, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1201158414379479837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2024', volume='59', issue='2', pageStart='269', pageEnd='492', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764308082432, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764308181123, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1201158828365669286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1201158414379479837, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1201158828365669287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1201158414379479837, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=382, endPage=394, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1201158419404256218, articleId=1201158418980631484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Study on the potential allergen and mechanism of pseudo-allergic reactions induced by combined using of Reduning injection and penicillin G injection based on metabolomics and bioinformatics, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Based on the strategy of metabolomics combined with bioinformatics, this study analyzed the potential allergens and mechanism of pseudo-allergic reactions (PARs) induced by the combined use of Reduning injection and penicillin G injection. All animal experiments and welfare are in accordance with the requirements of the First Affiliated Experimental Animal Ethics and Animal Welfare Committee of Henan University of Chinese Medicine (approval number: YFYDW2020002). Based on UPLC-Q-TOF/MS technology combined with UNIFI software, a total of 21 compounds were identified in Reduning and penicillin G mixed injection. Based on molecular docking technology, 10 potential allergens with strong binding activity to MrgprX2 agonist sites were further screened. Metabolomics analysis using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS technology revealed that 34 differential metabolites such as arachidonic acid, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes were endogenous differential metabolites of PARs caused by combined use of Reduning injection and penicillin G injection. Through the analysis of the "potential allergen-target-endogenous differential metabolite" interaction network, the chlorogenic acids (such as chlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, and isochlorogenic acid A) and β-lactam allergens in the combination of the two may be mainly regulated by PLD1, PLA2G12A and CYP1A1. The three upstream signal target proteins mainly activate the arachidonic acid metabolic pathway, promote the degranulation of mast cells, release downstream endogenous inflammatory mediators, and induce PARs.

, correspAuthors=Jin-fa TANG, Ming-liang ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yu-long CHEN, You ZHAI, Xiao-yan WANG, Wei-xia LI, Hui ZHANG, Ya-li WU, Liu-qing YANG, Xiao-fei CHEN, Shu-qi ZHANG, Lu NIU, Ke-ran FENG, Kun LI, Jin-fa TANG, Ming-liang ZHANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1201158421434298507, articleId=1201158418980631484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=基于代谢组学结合生物信息学探讨热毒宁注射液与青霉素注射液联用致类过敏反应的潜在致敏原及作用机制, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究基于代谢组学结合生物信息学的策略分析热毒宁注射液与青霉素注射液联用引发类过敏反应(pseudo-allergic reactions, PARs) 的潜在致敏原及作用机制。所有动物实验操作和福利均遵循河南中医药大学第一附属实验动物伦理与动物福利委员会要求(批号: YFYDW2020002)。基于UPLC-Q-TOF/MS技术结合UNIFI软件在热毒宁与青霉素混合注射液中共鉴定得到21种化合物。进一步基于分子对接技术筛选出其10种与类过敏原受体MrgprX2激动剂位点具有强烈结合活性的潜在致敏原。采用UPLC-Q-TOF/MS技术进行代谢组学分析发现花生四烯酸、磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰丝氨酸、前列腺素类以及白三烯类等34个内源性代谢物为热毒宁注射液与青霉素注射液联用引发PARs的差异代谢物。通过对“潜在致敏原-靶标-差异代谢物”交互网络分析获得二者联用时药液中的绿原酸类(绿原酸、新绿原酸、隐绿原酸、异绿原酸A等) 以及β-内酰胺类致敏原可能主要通过调控PLD1、PLA2G12A和CYP1A1这三种上游信号靶标, 主要激活花生四烯酸代谢通路, 促使肥大细胞的脱颗粒, 释放下游的内源性炎性介质, 继而诱发PARs。

, correspAuthors=唐进法, 张明亮, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*唐进法, E-mail: ;
张明亮, E-mail:
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Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Clinical Application, Evaluation and Transformation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Clinical Pharmacy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Safety Evaluation and Risk Management of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1201158421836951734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201158418980631484, companyId=1201158421811785904, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.河南省中药临床应用、评价与转化工程研究中心, 河南省中药临床药学中医药重点实验室; 河南省中药安全评价与风险防控工程研究中心, 河南中医药大学第一附属医院药学部, 河南 郑州 450000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1201158421929226435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201158418980631484, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1201158421937615044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201158418980631484, companyId=1201158421929226435, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Respiratory Diseases with Traditional Chinese Medicine of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1201158421946003653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201158418980631484, companyId=1201158421929226435, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.河南中医药大学呼吸疾病中药防治省部共建协同创新中心, 河南 郑州 450046)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1201158427826418321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201158418980631484, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=1jZOzEEKw0GIoyCxBGRoPA==, figureFileBig=crd5cnlZeYl311SirpEcEw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201158427927081626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201158418980631484, language=CN, label=Figure 1, caption= Behavioral changes of rats in different time intervals. A: Rat allergy score change level trend chart; B: The effect of combined use of Reduning injection (RDN) and penicillin G injection (PG) on the ear weight of both ears in rats; C: Effect of combination on the degree of auricle swelling in rats. <i>n</i> = 8, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula"><tex-math id="M2">$ \overline{x} $</tex-math></span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 , figureFileSmall=1jZOzEEKw0GIoyCxBGRoPA==, figureFileBig=crd5cnlZeYl311SirpEcEw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201158428174545577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201158418980631484, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=vAlrLM0YaJwM1J2OIP+aAA==, figureFileBig=ey8rgJbESCI7/phv/5waTg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201158428245848752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201158418980631484, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= Changes of different allergic indexes in serum of rats. <i>n</i> = 8, <i><span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black">x</span></i> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 , figureFileSmall=vAlrLM0YaJwM1J2OIP+aAA==, figureFileBig=ey8rgJbESCI7/phv/5waTg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201158428308763319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201158418980631484, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=Dw14DMKfbmHeOx/uiDt1Jw==, figureFileBig=66gq8lFl6v7QnynLOPdQ0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201158428413620923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201158418980631484, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= The base peak ion (BPI) current of RDN and PG mixed injection by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS at negative ion modes. Figure 3 corresponds to the peak labels in <a href="javascript:;" class="mag_content_a mag_xref_table" onclick="clickTabXref(this,'Table1')" rid="Table1">Table 1</a> , figureFileSmall=Dw14DMKfbmHeOx/uiDt1Jw==, figureFileBig=66gq8lFl6v7QnynLOPdQ0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201158428480729792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201158418980631484, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=8pM+xyPFAGOtw/LqwK+27w==, figureFileBig=uMwX8RPKMCKhVe/FdwSO5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201158428589781698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201158418980631484, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= Molecular docking results. A: Compound docking MrgprX2 protein score result heat map; B: The three-dimensional (3D) conformation of the hydrogen bond surface of the top 5 compounds and the two-dimensional diagram of the interaction between the ligand and the amino acid residues of the protein , figureFileSmall=8pM+xyPFAGOtw/LqwK+27w==, figureFileBig=uMwX8RPKMCKhVe/FdwSO5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201158428690444997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201158418980631484, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=1Uz+74u/fgd0n+zROLvtlg==, figureFileBig=ycdjOoVNlxCkV6XtCZ+aSg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201158428761748169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201158418980631484, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption= Multivariate statistical analysis results. A: Principal component analysis (PCA) 3D score map; B: Orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) score map; C: Permutation test; D: Variable importance (VIP) and p(corr) score plot , figureFileSmall=1Uz+74u/fgd0n+zROLvtlg==, figureFileBig=ycdjOoVNlxCkV6XtCZ+aSg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201158428858217166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201158418980631484, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=fbUFGGu3VzK/LfPT8RRmCw==, figureFileBig=2sqxMG8AN3XVHYbXg0pajw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201158428975657685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201158418980631484, language=CN, label=Figure 6, caption= Screening of differential metabolites and pathway analysis. 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Compound nametR/minObserved mass/DaTheoretical mass/DaError/mDaMS and MSE data (m/z)Source
*Shanzhiside3.62392.131 8392.131 9-0.1229.071 76, 167.071 37Gardenia
*Geniposidic acid3.99374.120 9374.121 3-0.4211.061 20, 149.060 80, 167.071 37Gardenia
*Neochlorogenic acid5.35354.095 1354.095 10.0191.056 11, 179.034 98, 135.045 15Honeysuckle
*Chlorogenic acid8.55354.094 7354.095 1-0.4191.056 11, 179.034 98Honeysuckle; Gardenia
*Caffeic acid8.86180.041 6180.042 3-0.7135.045 15, 93.034 59Honeysuckle
Deacetylasperulosidic acid8.87390.115 7390.116 2-0.5345.119 11, 121.065 89Gardenia
*Genipin 1-gentiobioside9.34550.190 1550.189 80.3225.076 85, 179.056 11, 147.045 15Gardenia
Crocetin9.35328.166 1328.167 5-1.4123.045 15Gardenia
*Cryptochlorogenic acid9.44354.094 7354.095 1-0.3179.034 98, 135.045 15, 191.056 11Honeysuckle
*Geniposide11.31388.137 0388.136 90.0225.076 85, 225.113 23Gardenia
Gardenoside11.91404.132 2404.131 90.4357.119 11, 195.066 28, 179.056 11Gardenia
*Secoxyloganin14.62404.131 7404.131 9-0.2121.029 50, 179.056 11Honeysuckle
*Rutin18.31610.153 4610.153 40.0471.150 80, 469.135 15Gardenia
*Cynaroside18.97448.099 6448.100 6-1.0285.040 46, 327.051 03Honeysuckle
Artemetin19.01388.114 8388.115 8-1.0327.051 03Artemisia annua
*Isochlorogenic acid B19.99516.126 9516.126 80.1353.087 81, 179.034 98, 173.045 55Honeysuckle
*Isochlorogenic acid A20.47516.127 0516.126 80.2353.087 81, 191.056 11, 179.034 98Honeysuckle
*Isochlorogenic acid C21.49516.126 7516.126 8-0.1353.087 81, 179.034 98, 173.045 55Honeysuckle
*Penicillin G26.34334.098 4334.098 7-0.3289.101 62, 171.059 76Penicillin G
Artemisinin26.39282.146 5282.146 7-0.2237.149 62, 177.128 49Artemisia annua
Deoxyartemisinin26.65266.153 7266.151 81.9181.159 79, 237.149 62Artemisia annua
), ArticleFig(id=1201158429512528614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201158418980631484, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

Primary and secondary mass spectrometry data of compounds identified in RDN and PG mixed injection. *Represents the compound identified by comparison of reference substances

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Compound nametR/minObserved mass/DaTheoretical mass/DaError/mDaMS and MSE data (m/z)Source
*Shanzhiside3.62392.131 8392.131 9-0.1229.071 76, 167.071 37Gardenia
*Geniposidic acid3.99374.120 9374.121 3-0.4211.061 20, 149.060 80, 167.071 37Gardenia
*Neochlorogenic acid5.35354.095 1354.095 10.0191.056 11, 179.034 98, 135.045 15Honeysuckle
*Chlorogenic acid8.55354.094 7354.095 1-0.4191.056 11, 179.034 98Honeysuckle; Gardenia
*Caffeic acid8.86180.041 6180.042 3-0.7135.045 15, 93.034 59Honeysuckle
Deacetylasperulosidic acid8.87390.115 7390.116 2-0.5345.119 11, 121.065 89Gardenia
*Genipin 1-gentiobioside9.34550.190 1550.189 80.3225.076 85, 179.056 11, 147.045 15Gardenia
Crocetin9.35328.166 1328.167 5-1.4123.045 15Gardenia
*Cryptochlorogenic acid9.44354.094 7354.095 1-0.3179.034 98, 135.045 15, 191.056 11Honeysuckle
*Geniposide11.31388.137 0388.136 90.0225.076 85, 225.113 23Gardenia
Gardenoside11.91404.132 2404.131 90.4357.119 11, 195.066 28, 179.056 11Gardenia
*Secoxyloganin14.62404.131 7404.131 9-0.2121.029 50, 179.056 11Honeysuckle
*Rutin18.31610.153 4610.153 40.0471.150 80, 469.135 15Gardenia
*Cynaroside18.97448.099 6448.100 6-1.0285.040 46, 327.051 03Honeysuckle
Artemetin19.01388.114 8388.115 8-1.0327.051 03Artemisia annua
*Isochlorogenic acid B19.99516.126 9516.126 80.1353.087 81, 179.034 98, 173.045 55Honeysuckle
*Isochlorogenic acid A20.47516.127 0516.126 80.2353.087 81, 191.056 11, 179.034 98Honeysuckle
*Isochlorogenic acid C21.49516.126 7516.126 8-0.1353.087 81, 179.034 98, 173.045 55Honeysuckle
*Penicillin G26.34334.098 4334.098 7-0.3289.101 62, 171.059 76Penicillin G
Artemisinin26.39282.146 5282.146 7-0.2237.149 62, 177.128 49Artemisia annua
Deoxyartemisinin26.65266.153 7266.151 81.9181.159 79, 237.149 62Artemisia annua
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Metabolite nameKEGG IDtR/minm/zError (ppm)VIPp(corr)
2-Hydroxy-6-oxo-6-(2-carboxyphenyl)-hexa-2, 4-dienoateC162640.74261.040 70.981.570.71
Trimetaphosphoric acidC024660.76260.873 3-1.321.12-0.63
Anthraniloyl-CoAC022470.85867.129 5-5.611.35-0.70
L-3-Aminobutyryl-CoAC052310.85851.162 72.401.04-0.59
L-GlutamateC000250.95128.034 5-5.761.430.75
O-Succinyl-L-homoserineC011181.33240.047 9-5.031.610.75
L-TryptophanC000782.18203.081 8-3.851.860.96
TryptamineC003983.08159.091 5-8.252.000.92
1D-Myo-inositol 3-phosphateC040063.92296.978 82.021.35-0.59
Indole-3-carboxaldehydeC084934.75190.049 8-7.811.840.63
Azelaic acidC082616.13187.096 6-4.971.360.64
Sebacic acidC082777.26201.112 0-6.211.800.81
GlycochenodeoxycholateC054668.68448.305 5-2.951.520.86
Thromboxane B2C059638.86391.211 63.761.750.98
19-OxoandrostenedioneC052979.50321.145 8-4.672.110.96
CortisoneC007629.59381.170 45.811.670.92
Prostaglandin H2C0042711.89333.205 8-3.672.210.95
5(S)-HPETEC0535612.10381.225 0-9.821.900.93
2-Methoxy-estradiol-17β 3-glucuronideC1113112.11459.201 2-2.581.220.75
Leukotriene F4C0646213.82605.241 920.141.850.96
2-LysolecithinC0423014.35614.345 5-1.451.35-0.61
Leukotriene C4C0216614.59624.304 313.301.830.97
11-DehydrocorticosteroneC0549014.78325.183 47.081.630.94
Leukotriene B4C0216514.97319.226 8-3.051.690.88
Prostaglandin E2C0058416.28397.225 46.411.830.97
AndrosteroneC0052317.76311.198 3-3.192.140.97
Leukotriene A4C0090918.70339.199 215.882.080.88
TaurochenodeoxycholateC0546520.20347.219 7-8.401.210.96
GalactosylceramideC0268620.46770.569 4-12.961.71-0.87
Arachidonic acidC0021920.64303.232 9-0.201.600.88
PhosphatidylserineC0273721.17788.546 42.141.800.86
CortisolC0073521.19383.188 311.831.830.91
PhosphatidylcholineC0015721.25850.560 50.241.590.94
Prostaglandin G2C0595621.43405.172 611.201.730.91
), ArticleFig(id=1201158429713855212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201158418980631484, language=CN, label=Table 2, caption=

Information of 34 differential metabolites in rat plasma. Comparison between the pseudo-allergic reactions group and the normal group

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Metabolite nameKEGG IDtR/minm/zError (ppm)VIPp(corr)
2-Hydroxy-6-oxo-6-(2-carboxyphenyl)-hexa-2, 4-dienoateC162640.74261.040 70.981.570.71
Trimetaphosphoric acidC024660.76260.873 3-1.321.12-0.63
Anthraniloyl-CoAC022470.85867.129 5-5.611.35-0.70
L-3-Aminobutyryl-CoAC052310.85851.162 72.401.04-0.59
L-GlutamateC000250.95128.034 5-5.761.430.75
O-Succinyl-L-homoserineC011181.33240.047 9-5.031.610.75
L-TryptophanC000782.18203.081 8-3.851.860.96
TryptamineC003983.08159.091 5-8.252.000.92
1D-Myo-inositol 3-phosphateC040063.92296.978 82.021.35-0.59
Indole-3-carboxaldehydeC084934.75190.049 8-7.811.840.63
Azelaic acidC082616.13187.096 6-4.971.360.64
Sebacic acidC082777.26201.112 0-6.211.800.81
GlycochenodeoxycholateC054668.68448.305 5-2.951.520.86
Thromboxane B2C059638.86391.211 63.761.750.98
19-OxoandrostenedioneC052979.50321.145 8-4.672.110.96
CortisoneC007629.59381.170 45.811.670.92
Prostaglandin H2C0042711.89333.205 8-3.672.210.95
5(S)-HPETEC0535612.10381.225 0-9.821.900.93
2-Methoxy-estradiol-17β 3-glucuronideC1113112.11459.201 2-2.581.220.75
Leukotriene F4C0646213.82605.241 920.141.850.96
2-LysolecithinC0423014.35614.345 5-1.451.35-0.61
Leukotriene C4C0216614.59624.304 313.301.830.97
11-DehydrocorticosteroneC0549014.78325.183 47.081.630.94
Leukotriene B4C0216514.97319.226 8-3.051.690.88
Prostaglandin E2C0058416.28397.225 46.411.830.97
AndrosteroneC0052317.76311.198 3-3.192.140.97
Leukotriene A4C0090918.70339.199 215.882.080.88
TaurochenodeoxycholateC0546520.20347.219 7-8.401.210.96
GalactosylceramideC0268620.46770.569 4-12.961.71-0.87
Arachidonic acidC0021920.64303.232 9-0.201.600.88
PhosphatidylserineC0273721.17788.546 42.141.800.86
CortisolC0073521.19383.188 311.831.830.91
PhosphatidylcholineC0015721.25850.560 50.241.590.94
Prostaglandin G2C0595621.43405.172 611.201.730.91
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基于代谢组学结合生物信息学探讨热毒宁注射液与青霉素注射液联用致类过敏反应的潜在致敏原及作用机制
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陈毓龙 1 , 翟优 1 , 王晓艳 2, 3 , 李伟霞 2, 3 , 张辉 2 , 吴娅丽 2 , 杨柳青 2 , 陈小菲 2 , 张书琦 2 , 牛璐 2 , 冯科冉 1 , 李琨 1 , 唐进法 2, 3, * , 张明亮 2, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2024,59(2): 382-394
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2024, 59(2): 382-394
基于代谢组学结合生物信息学探讨热毒宁注射液与青霉素注射液联用致类过敏反应的潜在致敏原及作用机制
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陈毓龙1, 翟优1, 王晓艳2, 3, 李伟霞2, 3, 张辉2, 吴娅丽2, 杨柳青2, 陈小菲2, 张书琦2, 牛璐2, 冯科冉1, 李琨1, 唐进法2, 3, * , 张明亮2, *
作者信息
  • 1.河南中医药大学, 河南 郑州 450046
  • 2.河南省中药临床应用、评价与转化工程研究中心, 河南省中药临床药学中医药重点实验室; 河南省中药安全评价与风险防控工程研究中心, 河南中医药大学第一附属医院药学部, 河南 郑州 450000
  • 3.河南中医药大学呼吸疾病中药防治省部共建协同创新中心, 河南 郑州 450046

通讯作者:

*唐进法, E-mail: ;
张明亮, E-mail:
Study on the potential allergen and mechanism of pseudo-allergic reactions induced by combined using of Reduning injection and penicillin G injection based on metabolomics and bioinformatics
Yu-long CHEN1, You ZHAI1, Xiao-yan WANG2, 3, Wei-xia LI2, 3, Hui ZHANG2, Ya-li WU2, Liu-qing YANG2, Xiao-fei CHEN2, Shu-qi ZHANG2, Lu NIU2, Ke-ran FENG1, Kun LI1, Jin-fa TANG2, 3, * , Ming-liang ZHANG2, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
  • 2. Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Clinical Application, Evaluation and Transformation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Clinical Pharmacy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Safety Evaluation and Risk Management of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
  • 3. Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Respiratory Diseases with Traditional Chinese Medicine of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
出版时间: 2024-02-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0591
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本研究基于代谢组学结合生物信息学的策略分析热毒宁注射液与青霉素注射液联用引发类过敏反应(pseudo-allergic reactions, PARs) 的潜在致敏原及作用机制。所有动物实验操作和福利均遵循河南中医药大学第一附属实验动物伦理与动物福利委员会要求(批号: YFYDW2020002)。基于UPLC-Q-TOF/MS技术结合UNIFI软件在热毒宁与青霉素混合注射液中共鉴定得到21种化合物。进一步基于分子对接技术筛选出其10种与类过敏原受体MrgprX2激动剂位点具有强烈结合活性的潜在致敏原。采用UPLC-Q-TOF/MS技术进行代谢组学分析发现花生四烯酸、磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰丝氨酸、前列腺素类以及白三烯类等34个内源性代谢物为热毒宁注射液与青霉素注射液联用引发PARs的差异代谢物。通过对“潜在致敏原-靶标-差异代谢物”交互网络分析获得二者联用时药液中的绿原酸类(绿原酸、新绿原酸、隐绿原酸、异绿原酸A等) 以及β-内酰胺类致敏原可能主要通过调控PLD1、PLA2G12A和CYP1A1这三种上游信号靶标, 主要激活花生四烯酸代谢通路, 促使肥大细胞的脱颗粒, 释放下游的内源性炎性介质, 继而诱发PARs。

中西药联用  /  类过敏反应  /  热毒宁注射液  /  注射用青霉素钠  /  代谢组学  /  生物信息学

Based on the strategy of metabolomics combined with bioinformatics, this study analyzed the potential allergens and mechanism of pseudo-allergic reactions (PARs) induced by the combined use of Reduning injection and penicillin G injection. All animal experiments and welfare are in accordance with the requirements of the First Affiliated Experimental Animal Ethics and Animal Welfare Committee of Henan University of Chinese Medicine (approval number: YFYDW2020002). Based on UPLC-Q-TOF/MS technology combined with UNIFI software, a total of 21 compounds were identified in Reduning and penicillin G mixed injection. Based on molecular docking technology, 10 potential allergens with strong binding activity to MrgprX2 agonist sites were further screened. Metabolomics analysis using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS technology revealed that 34 differential metabolites such as arachidonic acid, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes were endogenous differential metabolites of PARs caused by combined use of Reduning injection and penicillin G injection. Through the analysis of the "potential allergen-target-endogenous differential metabolite" interaction network, the chlorogenic acids (such as chlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, and isochlorogenic acid A) and β-lactam allergens in the combination of the two may be mainly regulated by PLD1, PLA2G12A and CYP1A1. The three upstream signal target proteins mainly activate the arachidonic acid metabolic pathway, promote the degranulation of mast cells, release downstream endogenous inflammatory mediators, and induce PARs.

drug combination  /  pseudo-allergic reaction  /  Reduning injection  /  benzylpenicillin sodium for injection  /  metabolomics  /  bioinformatics
陈毓龙, 翟优, 王晓艳, 李伟霞, 张辉, 吴娅丽, 杨柳青, 陈小菲, 张书琦, 牛璐, 冯科冉, 李琨, 唐进法, 张明亮. 基于代谢组学结合生物信息学探讨热毒宁注射液与青霉素注射液联用致类过敏反应的潜在致敏原及作用机制. 药学学报, 2024 , 59 (2) : 382 -394 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0591
Yu-long CHEN, You ZHAI, Xiao-yan WANG, Wei-xia LI, Hui ZHANG, Ya-li WU, Liu-qing YANG, Xiao-fei CHEN, Shu-qi ZHANG, Lu NIU, Ke-ran FENG, Kun LI, Jin-fa TANG, Ming-liang ZHANG. Study on the potential allergen and mechanism of pseudo-allergic reactions induced by combined using of Reduning injection and penicillin G injection based on metabolomics and bioinformatics[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2024 , 59 (2) : 382 -394 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0591
中药注射剂(traditional Chinese medicine injections, TCMIs) 是我国创新型的一类药物, 具有生物利用度高、作用迅速等特点, 并在治疗心脑血管疾病、感染性疾病、恶性肿瘤等疾病时突显出不错的治疗效果。随着中药注射剂应用范围的扩大, 其不良反应的报道也日趋增多, 使得中药注射剂的安全性受到质疑, 其中急性过敏反应是最具危害性的。根据2022年国家药品不良反应监测年度报告显示, 中药不良反应/事件报告中TCMIs占24.8%, 其中静脉注射不良反应发生率高达97.1%。TCMIs引起的不良反应主要是药物超敏反应, 其包括过敏性超敏反应(allergic hypersensitivity reactions, AHRs) 和类过敏反应(pseudo-allergic reactions, PARs)。AHRs是由免疫机制介导的超敏反应, 是已免疫的机体在再次接触相同物质时所发生的反应, 而PARs是指非免疫机制介导的不良反应, 二者的激发机制不同。研究表明在对TCMIs所引发的不良反应分析中PARs占到77%以上[1, 2]。因此, 开展对TCMIs相关PARs的系统研究, 能够为临床安全性评价研究提供理论支持。
热毒宁注射液(Reduning, RDN) 是目前常用的一类清热解毒类中药注射液, 具有清热、疏风、解毒的功效, 临床主要用于治疗外感风热所致的感冒、咳嗽及急性支气管炎等[3], 目前已将RDN加入到新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19) 的诊疗方案中[4]。随着RDN临床应用范围的延伸, 有关RDN联用其他类药剂的不良反应报道也逐渐增多, 其中发现与结构稳定性较差的青霉素类抗生素联用产生的不良反应事件发生率占比更大[5]。有报道[6]称, 将RDN和青霉素类抗生素进行联用时, 患者更易产生输液不良反应, 例如: 呼吸困难、荨麻疹、恶心呕吐、斑丘疹、腹痛以及血压下降。但由于二者联合治疗小儿急性化脓性扁桃腺炎、手足口病等感染性疾病的效果较为理想[7, 8], 目前在临床中仍频繁使用。因此, 确定二者联用的潜在致敏原并揭示其诱发不良反应的作用机制, 对于实现中药注射剂在临床的安全、合理、精准使用具有重要意义。
代谢组学结合生物信息学是阐明中药潜在机制的有效工具[9, 10]。代谢组学的整体性研究理念和中药作用模式的系统整合属性高度关联, 而生物信息学对中药治疗疾病的作用机制提供了新的研究思路。体内微环境影响代谢通路中内源性物质表达形式及程度, 从代谢水平决定机体健康或疾病状态[11]。代谢通路间因代谢中间体交互作用而构成了复杂的代谢网, 而中药小分子通过直接或间接调控多种代谢酶/邻近蛋白、多系统综合干预机体内源性代谢物水平来改变疾病发展进程[12, 13]。本研究首先基于大鼠不良反应现象及过敏相关的生化指标, 系统评估RDN联合青霉素注射液(penicillin G, PG) 引起的过敏反应程度, 并判定其药物超敏反应类型属于PARs; 其次, 通过对RDN和PG混合注射液的成分鉴定, 基于MrgprX2受体的分子对接虚拟筛选, 获得直接作用于生物体的潜在致敏原。最后, 利用药物转录谱数据库收集潜在致敏原可显著调控的生物靶标, 并结合代谢组学分析构建“潜在致敏原-靶标-内源性差异代谢物”交互网络, 为深入研究RDN与PG联用引发PARs的物质基础及作用机制提供支持。
32只雄性无特定病原体(specific pathogen free, SPF) 级Sprague Dawley (SD) 大鼠, 体重200~210 g, 购自北京维通利华实验动物技术有限公司, 生产许可证号SCXK (京) 2016-0006。保持12 h昼夜节律, 自由摄食饮水, 环境温度22~24 ℃, 湿度50% ± 10%。实验动物伦理由河南中医药大学第一附属医院伦理委员会批准(批号YFYDW2020002)。
热毒宁注射液(江苏康缘药业股份有限公司, 批号1910277096), 注射用青霉素钠(华北制药股份有限公司, 批号F9042114), 0.9%氯化钠注射液(河南科伦药业有限公司, 批号A20021902B)。乌拉坦(上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司, 批号D2114027, 纯度99%)。甲酸(北京迪科马科技有限公司, 批号1308751)。甲醇(批号l1092007019) 和乙腈(批号JA100630) 为色谱纯试剂, 均购自默克股份两合公司。组胺(histamine, HIS)、补体成分3 (complement component 3, C3)、补体成分5 (complement component 5, C5)、免疫球蛋白E (immunoglobulin E, IgE)、免疫球蛋白G (immunoglobulin G, IgG)、免疫球蛋白M (immunoglobulin M, IgM) (批号分别为ZC-37667、ZC-36437、ZC-36436、ZC-37001、ZC-37002、ZC-37006) 均购自上海茁彩生物科技有限公司。白介素4 (interleukin-4, IL-4)、肿瘤坏死因子α (tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α)、可溶性末端补体复合物(soluble terminal complement complex C5b-9, sC5b-9) (批号分别为LV20296、LV20497、LV20923) 均购自上海爱萌优宁生物技术有限公司。对照品绿原酸(批号CHB201114)、新绿原酸(批号CHB190217)、隐绿原酸(批号CHB180905)、异绿原酸A (批号CHB201114)、异绿原酸B (批号CHB201228)、异绿原酸C (批号CHB210104)、咖啡酸(批号CHB201217)、栀子苷(批号CHB201129)、断氧化马钱苷(批号CHB201217)、木犀草苷(批号CHB180111)、京尼平苷酸(批号CHB201202) 均购自成都克洛玛生物科技有限公司, HPLC均≥ 98%; 青霉素钠(批号W16J10H79928, HPLC ≥ 97%)、山栀苷(批号P30J9F64637, HPLC ≥ 95%)、京尼平龙胆双糖苷(批号P27S10F96112, HPLC ≥ 98%) 购于上海源叶生物科技有限公司; 芦丁(批号18012310, HPLC ≥ 98%) 购自成都普菲德生物技术有限公司。
Waters AcquityTM UPLC液相系统(美国Waters公司); Xevo G2-XS Q-TOF质谱仪, 配有Lock-spray接口, ESI离子源, MassLynx v4.1质谱工作站(美国Waters公司); 十万分之一电子天平(瑞士梅特勒-托利多集团, 型号XS105); 低温台式高速离心机(上海力申科学仪器有限公司, 型号Neofuge 1600R); 涡旋混匀器(德国IKA®公司, 型号Vortex Genius 3); 全自动酶标仪(赛默飞世尔科技公司, 型号Multiskan FC)。
32只大鼠适应性喂养3天后, 按随机数字表法分为对照(Control) 组、青霉素注射液(PG) 组、热毒宁注射液(RDN) 组、青霉素注射液与热毒宁注射液联用(PG+RDN) 组, 每组8只。PG组和RDN组分别以100 mg·kg-1和1.8 mL·kg-1的临床等效剂量尾静脉注射给药; PG+RDN组按二者实际给药体积混合后尾静脉注射; 对照组给予等量的生理盐水。实验单次给药且保持注射速度相对一致。
给药后观察并记录各组大鼠30 min内的不良反应现象, 采用由Li等[14]描述的评分系统评估过敏症状。中药、天然药物免疫毒性(过敏性、光变态反应) 研究的技术指导原则评分如下: 0分-无症状; 1分-抓挠并在鼻子和头部周围摩擦; 2分-呼吸频率增加, 毛发炸起, 活动减少; 3分-喘息, 呼吸困难, 口腔和尾部紫绀; 4分-刺痛, 震颤和抽搐后无活动; 5分-死亡。症状评分以盲法进行。
大鼠评分后, 以乌拉坦0.75 g·kg-1的剂量麻醉, 沿耳廓基线用9 mm直径的耳孔钳剪下双耳组织并称重, 分别用不含抗凝剂的普通管与含EDTAK2的抗凝管进行腹主动脉采血, 于3 500 r·min-1低温(4 ℃) 离心10 min, 分别取上层血清、血浆冻存备用。血清用以检测大鼠体内HIS、C3、C5、IgE、IgG、IgM、IL-4、TNF-α及sC5b-9的变化情况, 判别两药联用引发的药物超敏反应类型。
精密称取山栀苷、京尼平苷酸、新绿原酸、绿原酸、咖啡酸、京尼平龙胆双糖苷、隐绿原酸、栀子苷、断氧化马钱苷、芦丁、木犀草苷、异绿原酸B、异绿原酸A、异绿原酸C以及青霉素钠对照品适量, 分别加甲醇配制成质量浓度为150 μg·mL-1的对照品储备液。按RDN与PG给药体积比, 以RDN∶PG约(1∶1.5) 比例置于10 mL量瓶中, 加甲醇至刻度线定容稀释, 混匀, 于14 000 r·min-1低温(4 ℃) 离心10 min, 取上清, 进行UPLC-Q-TOF/MS分析。
色谱条件流动相为0.1%甲酸水(A) 和0.1%甲酸乙腈(B)。梯度洗脱条件: 0~8 min, 5%~10% B; 8~15 min, 10%~15% B; 15~25 min, 15%~30% B; 25~26 min, 30%~80% B; 26~26.5 min, 80%~100% B; 26.5~27 min, 100% B。
质谱条件电喷雾离子源(electrospray ionization source, ESI), 在负离子模式(ESI-) 下进行分析, 设置毛细管电压2.5 kV; 离子源温度140 ℃; 脱溶剂气温度450 ℃; 锥孔电压40 V; 锥孔气流量50 L·h-1; 脱溶剂流量800 L·h-1; 碰撞能量10~45 V; 间隔扫描时间0.2 s; 质量扫描范围m/z 50~1 200。准确质量测定采用亮氨酸脑啡肽(L-enkephalin, LE) (ESI- m/z 554.261 5) 溶液为锁定质量溶液。
化学成分数据库建立对RDN成分中青蒿、金银花、栀子以及青霉素的化学成分相关的文献报道进行查阅和总结, 通过检索PubChem、TCMSP、Chemspider数据库, 获取相应的化合物信息, 包括化合物中英文名称、分子式、分子量、结构式, 将这些信息与mol格式化合物结构文件同时导入UNIFI数据库中。UNIFI软件(美国Waters公司) 会将低能通道识别到的分子离子峰与建立的数据库自动匹配, 结合高能通道匹配到的碎片离子峰自动列出最佳匹配度的物质。为了增加准确性, 选择结合色谱保留时间、精确分子质量、特征碎片离子, 同系物极性差异等理化特征进行手动确证, 同时通过对照品信息和相关文献中化合物特点的对照, 对于特征峰的可靠鉴定结果标记为RDN配伍PG药液中的化学成分。
利用计算机蛋白-配体对接软件(AutoDock Vina 1.2.2) 筛选出RDN与PG配伍药液引发大鼠类过敏反应(pseudo-allergic reactions, PARs) 的潜在致敏原。从PubChem化合物数据库(https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) 中获得配伍药液成分sdf格式, 使用ChemDraw软件转换为mol2格式, ChemBio 3D再将其转化为三维结构, 并进行MM2能量最小化(minimize energy) 构型优化, 保存为pdb格式; 运行AutoDock Tools导入pdb文件, 对三维结构进行加氢、加电荷, 计算电荷, 保存为pdbqt文件备用。已知MrgprX2能感知促分泌素(C48/80、P物质、肥大细胞脱颗粒肽等) 并参与瘙痒信号引发PARs[15]。用RCSB PDB (https://www.rcsb.org/) 数据库, 下载蛋白MrgprX2结构(PDB ID: 7VDH; 分辨率: 2.9Å), 运行AutoDock Tools, 导入pdb文件, 对蛋白质进行去水、加极性氢、加电荷、生成pdbqt文件备用。根据拉马克遗传算法, 寻找最佳的结合构象, 依照半经验自由能函数作出对接结果评价。本研究采用MrgprX2的激动剂compound 48/80 (C48/80) 活性位点[16]作为对接口袋。具体对接参数设置如下: 采用AutoDock Tools软件对盒子的中心以及大小进行调整, 使盒子能完全包含激动剂, 最终设置Grid Box中心坐标为x = 100.458、y = 64.983、z = 83.32, 盒子为size x = 40、size y = 40、size z = 40。同时设置AutoDock Vina运行参数: num modes = 20、energy range = 4、exhaustiveness = 100, 其他均为默认值, 进行虚拟筛选。
将冻存的血浆样本室温解冻, 以血浆∶甲醇(1∶3) 比例涡旋混匀, 14 000 r·min-1低温(4 ℃) 离心10 min使蛋白沉淀, 取200 μL上清进样UPLC-Q-TOF/MS分析。取每组血浆样品(50 μL), 按照上述操作制备质量控制样本(quality control, QC), 其包含所有样品的代谢轮廓特征。
色谱条件色谱柱为Acquity UPLC® HSS T3 C18色谱柱(2.1 mm × 100 mm, 1.8 μm); 柱温40 ℃, 流速0.3 mL·min-1, 进样量3 μL。流动相为0.1%甲酸水(A) 和0.1%甲酸乙腈(B)。梯度洗脱条件: 0~12 min, 5%~65% B; 12~18 min, 65%~78% B; 18~21 min, 78%~100% B; 21~22 min, 100% B。
质谱条件负离子模式(ESI-) 下进行分析, 设置毛细管电压2.5 kV; 离子源温度140 ℃; 脱溶剂气温度450 ℃; 锥孔电压40 V; 锥孔气流量50 L·h-1; 脱溶剂流量800 L·h-1; 碰撞能量10~45 V; 间隔扫描时间0.2 s; 质量扫描范围m/z 50~1 200。检测前连续进6次QC样品用来监测系统的稳定性。
质谱数据采用MassLynx 4.1 (美国Waters公司) 软件进行采集, 结合Progenesis QI 2.4 (美国Waters公司) 软件对数据进行色谱峰比对, 峰提取, 标准化等处理。而后导入Simca-P 14.1 (瑞典Umetrics公司) 进行多元变量分析, 分别建立非监督的主成分分析(principal component analysis, PCA) 和监督的正交偏最小二乘法判别分析(orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis, OPLS-DA), 筛选得到可变重要性(variable importance, VIP) > 1且|p(corr)| > 0.58的数据作为差异代谢物。将筛选的差异代谢物与KEGG (https://www.kegg.jp/)、HMDB (https://hmdb.ca/) 数据库及文献信息进行匹配确定, 并通过Metabo Analyst 5.0 (https://www.metaboanalyst.ca/) 数据库对已鉴定的差异代谢物进行代谢通路分析。
数据采用GraphPad Prism 9统计软件进行单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA), 以$ \overline{x} $ ± s表示, P < 0.05记为差异有统计学意义。
基于分子对接筛选出具有强烈结合活性(≤ -6.8 kcal·mol-1) 的潜在致敏原, 进一步通过ITCM (integrated traditional Chinese medicine, http://itc.biotcm.net/) 和cMap (Connectivity Map, https://clue.io/query) 数据库的药物转录组数据, 分别以P < 0.05 & |logFC| ≥ 0.585以及|Score| > 50为筛选条件收集潜在致敏原能显著调控的差异表达基因(differentially expressed genes, DEGs)。
通过MBRole 2.0 (http://csbg.cnb.csic.es/mbrole2/) 数据库收集鉴定后的差异代谢物靶标, 分别与不同成分的DEGs取交集, 之后运用Cytoscape 3.8.2软件构建“潜在致敏原-靶标-内源性差异代谢物”网络。
根据实验观察, 不同组大鼠在给药后10 min左右出现明显的行为表现差异。各组评分如图 1A所示, 与对照组大鼠相比, PG+RDN组大鼠表现出行为迟缓、四肢蜷缩、抓挠并在鼻子和头部周围摩擦、耳廓红肿、毛发炸起等不良反应症状的表现, 少部分动物还伴随有呼吸急促、喘息的症状; RDN组大鼠少部分偶有较轻的不良反应出现; PG组大鼠在给药后基本无异常行为表现。观察大鼠耳重与耳廓红肿程度可发现(图 1BC), 与对照组大鼠相比, PG+RDN组大鼠由于过敏引起的耳廓毛细血管扩张引起的耳廓红肿程度较重(黑色箭头); RDN组大鼠耳廓红肿程度较轻; PG组大鼠未发生明显的耳廓红肿现象。
图 2所示, 与对照组比较, PG+RDN组大鼠血清内HIS、C3、C5、IL-4、TNF-α以及sC5b-9水平显著升高, 而IgE、IgG以及IgM抗体水平无明显变化; RDN组的IL-4与sC5b-9水平显著升高; PG组所有指标近似于对照组的水平, 无明显变化。提示RDN与PG联合使用可引发PARs, 而非特异性的免疫过敏反应[17, 18]
配伍药液在ESI-模式下的基峰离子流图(base peak ion flow, BPI) (图 3)。本研究共检测到21个化合物(表 1), 其中8个归属于金银花; 8个归属于栀子; 3个归属于青蒿; 1个归属于青霉素; 1个为金银花和栀子的共有成分。并有15个化合物经与对照品确认。
通过将MrgprX2受体的激动剂C48/80重新对接回原活性口袋来验证对接方案。对接结构与初始结构之间的均方根偏差(root mean square deviation, RMSD) < 2.0 Å, 结果表明AutoDock Vina软件的对接方案具有可靠性[19], 此对接方案适用于对接配伍药液鉴定出的21个化合物配体。一般认为结合能 < -4.25 kcal·mol-1表示配体小分子与受体蛋白之间有一定的结合活性; 结合能 < -5.0 kcal·mol-1表明二者之间有较好的结合活性; 结合能≤ -6.8 kcal·mol-1表明配体与受体具有强烈的结合活性[20]。如图 4A对接得分热图所示, 原配体C48/80与MrgprX2靶蛋白激动剂位点的对接得分为-7.4 kcal·mol-1, 说明二者之间具有强烈的结合活性。其中异绿原酸A (-9 kcal·mol-1)、芦丁(-7.9 kcal·mol-1)、木犀草苷(-7.8 kcal·mol-1)、异绿原酸B (-7.6 kcal·mol-1) 与蛋白激动剂位点的结合能力强于原配体C48/80; 如图 4B所示, 配体通过氢键和强静电相互作用与MrgprX2蛋白结合。此外, 青蒿素(-7.2 kcal·mol-1)、青霉素(-7.1 kcal·mol-1)、新绿原酸(-7.0 kcal·mol-1)、异绿原酸C (-6.9 kcal·mol-1)、绿原酸(-6.8 kcal·mol-1)、隐绿原酸(-6.8 kcal·mol-1) 也与蛋白具有强烈的结合活性。这表明上述10个小分子可能为潜在的致敏原, 或许与促分泌素C48/80一样可使表达有MrgprX2的肥大细胞脱颗粒, 诱发PARs。
为了确定不同组高维质谱数据之间的化学差异, 使用PCA和OPLS-DA分析分别评估四组和两组的代谢组学数据集。结果如图 5所示, PCA分析结果表明, QC样本密集分布, 说明仪器稳定, 重复性良好, 数据可靠; 对照组、RDN组、PG组及PG+RDN组的样本有较好的区分。采用有监督的OPLS-DA分析方法, 将对照组、RDN组、PG组归为正常组, 将PG+RDN组归为类过敏组。OPLS-DA分析结果表明, PG+RDN组与其他三组有较好的区分。PCA模型的R2XQ2分别为0.685和0.402。OPLS-DA模型的R2XR2YQ2分别为0.453、0.991和0.923。上述参数表明, PCA和OPLS-DA模型都具有良好的质量和准确性。为检验当前OPLS-DA模型是否过拟合, 采用置换检验进行200次的交叉验证。R2Y轴上的截距为0.878, Q2Y轴上的截距为-0.523, 左侧几乎所有Q2低于右侧原始点或回归线与纵轴相交数值小于0, 说明模型可靠。
在建立OPLS-DA模型基础上, 选择VIP > 1且|p(corr)| < 0.58作为筛选差异代谢物的条件(图 5D)。并汇总文献和HMDB、KEGG数据库信息确认潜在的差异代谢物。结果血浆样本中共鉴定34个差异代谢物(表 2)。如图 6A所示, 与非过敏组相比, 类过敏组有28个代谢物显著上调, 其他6个代谢物显著下调。
将上述34个差异代谢物导入MetaboAnalyst数据库进行代谢通路分析, 结果得到22条相关通路(图 6B), 主要分别为花生四烯酸(arachidonic acid, AA) 代谢、甾体激素生物合成、亚油酸代谢、D-谷氨酰胺和D-谷氨酸代谢、色氨酸代谢、初级胆汁酸生物合成、α-亚麻酸代谢、鞘脂代谢、组氨酸代谢以及鞘脂代谢等。
将鉴定出的34个差异代谢物导入MBRole 2.0数据库后共得到相关靶标217个, 并利用ITCM和cMap药物转录组数据库收集基于MrgprX2受体虚拟筛选的10个潜在致敏原显著调控的DEGs。基于ITCM数据库对绿原酸、新绿原酸、隐绿原酸、异绿原酸A、异绿原酸B、异绿原酸C、芦丁、木犀草苷、青蒿素提取DEGs; 基于cMap数据库对青霉素提取DEGs, 并且均以小分子化合物作用于MCF-7细胞为实验的参考细胞系, 最终共收集3 511个成分靶标。通过Cytoscape软件构建并分析“潜在致敏原-靶标-内源性差异代谢物”交互网络, 结果表明, 该网络涉及20个差异代谢物、40个共有靶标以及9个潜在致敏原(其中潜在致敏原芦丁及14个差异代谢物与生物网络无交集靶标故不展示以上游离节点)。进一步对网络的节点拓扑分析和文献检索, 如图 7所示, 发现RDN与PG配伍药液的致敏原可能主要作用于PLD1 (Degree = 6)、PLA2G12A (Degree = 5)、CYP1A1 (Degree = 5) 这三个共有靶标直接调控下游差异代谢物的变化水平。
近年来, 有关中药注射剂不良反应风险的报道频发, 中药注射剂的安全性问题不仅在学界和监管部门高度关注, 还引起公众广泛关注和争议。尽管大量临床证据表明中药注射剂与西药联用表现出了比常规治疗更显著的症状缓解、疗效增强作用, 但联合用药导致不良反应风险增大的问题也不能被忽视[21]。本研究发现对大鼠单独尾静脉注射RDN或PG仅对个别大鼠引发较轻的不良反应或不产生任何不适作用, 但二者联用时, 能观察到大鼠表现出程度不一的行为迟缓、四肢蜷缩、抓挠并在鼻子和头部周围摩擦、耳廓红肿、毛发炸起等不良反应症状, 少部分动物还伴随有呼吸急促、喘息的症状, 与文献[22, 23]报道的速发型超敏反应类似。该类型的超敏反应包括特异性IgE介导的Ⅰ型过敏反应和补体系统激活引起的PARs, 这两种过敏反应症状相似, 但激发机制不同[24]。前者是由特异性抗体IgE介导的免疫反应, 是已免疫的机体在再次接触到相同物质时所发生的反应。而PARs是非免疫机制介导的不良反应, 不需要潜伏期, 也不需要致敏过程, 首次接触机体时IgE浓度无变化[17]。通过结合对临床中RDN与PG联用输液所致的不良反应病例分析, 发现所选引发不良反应的病例都经临床诊断确诊, 其PG皮试提示为阴性, 均以排除对RDN过敏的病例[6]。综上, 结合本研究大鼠首次接触配伍药液, 其血清中的IgE抗体水平无明显变化, 提示RDN与PG联用可能引起PARs。
补体系统激活引起的肥大细胞脱颗粒是PARs发生的重要机制之一[25]。研究表明, 补体激活后能导致C3、C5分别被C3转化酶及C5转化酶裂解成过敏毒素C3a、C5a, 并与肥大细胞表面受体结合, 促使肥大细胞脱颗粒释放HIS、TNF-α、IL-4等炎性介质, 最终环节都会生成无活性复合物(sC5b-9), 测定血清中其相应含量也能直接反映出补体系统激活情况[18]。本研究结果证明二者联用能使大鼠血清中HIS、C3、C5、IL-4、TNF-α及sC5b-9水平显著升高。综上提示二者联用的确能激活补体系统诱发PARs。
目前MrgprX2是PARs中已知的关键受体, 可作为筛选PARs的关键靶蛋白[26, 27]。本研究以MrgprX2为对接受体, 通过分子对接将UNIFI软件鉴定的21个化合物中筛选出潜在致敏原。分子对接结果显示, 得分较高的小分子与MrgprX2间的相互作用类型比较一致, 主要有氢键、Pi-Pi堆积和疏水性作用。对其化合物类型归纳发现绿原酸类的小分子居多, 且异绿原酸A和异绿原酸B与MrgprX2受体的结合活性优于阳性对照C48/80, 提示绿原酸类具有更高的致PARs风险。根据绿原酸类相关成分致肥大细胞脱颗粒的研究, 发现绿原酸类的成分所致肥大细胞脱颗粒的作用强弱一般为隐绿原酸 > 新绿原酸 > 绿原酸 > 异绿原酸B > 异绿原酸A > 异绿原酸C。相关报道与对接筛选结果大体一致[28-31]。此外, β-内酰胺类的青霉素与MrgprX2受体也具有强烈的结合活性, 先前大部分人认为青霉素的代谢产物或杂质通常被认为是青霉素治疗中引起速发型超敏反应的主要物质, 但在实际临床使用中, 青霉素引发的AHRs很少见, 大多是因青霉素可通过直接引发血管通透性过高和渗出性炎症而引起的PARs[32, 33]
对差异代谢物进行生物学意义分析能阐明RDN与PG联用致PARs发生时在内源性代谢物层面的致敏机制。鉴定出的差异代谢物中包含的脂肪酸类、氨基酸类、类固醇皮质激素、鞘脂类等, 参与了机体的多种病理生理反应[34, 35]。然而, 调控上述代谢物的上游信号靶标尚不明晰。故本研究利用生物信息学中网络可视化方法分析差异代谢物、药物和靶标之间复杂的相互作用关系[36, 37], 通过构建并分析“潜在致敏原-靶标-内源性差异代谢物”交互网络, 从中筛选出二者联用能显著调控机体内源性代谢物含量变化的3种关键靶标(PLD1、PLA2G12A、CYP1A1)。
磷脂酶D1 (phospholipase D1, PLD1) 被普遍认为在多种细胞功能的调节中发挥着重要作用, 如细胞生长、存活、分化、膜运输和细胞骨架组织等[38]。研究表明, 对于非IgE依赖的PARs, 一些内源性炎症介质或外源性物质激活磷脂酶D (PLD) 催化其主要底物磷脂酰胆碱, 生成直接产物磷脂酸和间接产物二酰甘油脂、溶血磷脂酸, 进而激活磷脂酰肌醇途径, 最终促使细胞内的Ca2+浓度升高, 导致脱颗粒反应[39-42]。而PLD1的过度表达却能显著增强刺激物对PLD的激活, 从而导致细胞内的Ca2+更快地释放, 促进肥大细胞脱颗粒[43]。通过分析生物交互网络和药物转录组的DEGs表达, 发现PLD1与4个潜在致敏原(绿原酸、新绿原酸、隐绿原酸、异绿原酸B) 和2个差异代谢物(磷脂酰丝氨酸和磷脂酰胆碱) 连接, 且以上4个潜在致敏原能显著上调PLD1表达, 与文献[43]报道一致。血浆代谢组学提示, 分别与对照组、RDN组及PG组比较, PG+RDN组的内源性炎性介质的水平也随之显著升高。
AA主要以磷脂形式存在于细胞膜上, 是合成包括前列腺素、白三烯、血栓素等在内的一系列生物活性物质的底物[44, 45]。磷脂酶A2 (phospholipase A2 group XIIA, PLA2G12A) 可分解膜表面的磷脂生成AA和溶血磷脂而参与体内的免疫反应[46]。AA及其代谢物能参与调节人体免疫反应, 如平滑肌收缩, 诱发炎症反应, 促进局部血管扩张, 增加血管通透性等[47, 48]。研究表明, 前列腺素类(prostaglandins, PGs) 和白三烯类(leukotrienes, LTs) 物质为肥大细胞脱颗粒释放的炎性介质, 在炎症反应中起重要作用。本研究发现PLA2G12A分别与潜在致敏原青霉素及4个差异代谢物(AA、2-溶血卵磷脂、磷脂酰丝氨酸和磷脂酰胆碱) 连接。基于药物转录组的DEGs表达结果提示, 青霉素可显著上调PLA2G12A表达水平; 此外, 分别与对照组、RDN组及PG组比较, PG+RDN组的内源性炎性介质也显著增加, 这表明RDN与PG联用诱导的PARs与AA代谢以及炎症反应紧密相关。
细胞色素P450家族1亚家族A成员1 (cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1, CYP1A1) 是一种细胞色素P450单加氧酶, 参与各种内源性底物的代谢, 包括脂肪酸, 类固醇激素和维生素[49]。CYP1A1将AA转化为环氧二十碳三烯酸和羟基二十碳四烯酸, 在血管系统中充当脂质介质[50]。CYP1A1蛋白水平的高表达, 能加快AA底物代谢。本研究发现CYP1A1分别与4个潜在致敏原(青霉素、木犀草苷、青蒿素、异绿原酸A) 和差异代谢物AA连接, 其中青霉素、木犀草苷及青蒿素均能显著上调CYP1A1表达, 提示以上4个潜在致敏原可能通过调控CYP1A1靶标促进AA转化, 从而刺激下游活性介质的释放, 加重炎症反应。
综上所述, RDN与PG联用时药液中的绿原酸类以及β-内酰胺类致敏原可能主要通过调控PLD1、PLA2G12A和CYP1A1这三种上游信号靶标, 激活AA代谢通路, 促使肥大细胞的脱颗粒, 释放出下游的内源性炎性介质, 继而诱发PARs。
作者贡献: 陈毓龙负责动物实验、样品检测、数据处理及文章初稿撰写; 翟优、王晓艳、李伟霞和张辉负责技术指导与文献查询; 吴娅丽、杨柳青、陈小菲负责样品制备和动物实验; 张书琦、牛璐、冯科冉和李琨负责动物实验及文章修改; 唐进法和张明亮是文章的构思者及负责人, 指导实验设计、论文写作与修改。
利益冲突: 本文中所有作者声明无任何利益冲突。
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0591
  • 接收时间:2023-05-08
  • 首发时间:2025-11-28
  • 出版时间:2024-02-12
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  • 收稿日期:2023-05-08
  • 修回日期:2023-09-16
基金
河南省科技攻关课题(202102310185)
河南省高校科技创新团队(23IRTSTHN026)
河南省中医药拔尖人才培养项目(豫中医科教[2018] 35号)
作者信息
    1.河南中医药大学, 河南 郑州 450046
    2.河南省中药临床应用、评价与转化工程研究中心, 河南省中药临床药学中医药重点实验室; 河南省中药安全评价与风险防控工程研究中心, 河南中医药大学第一附属医院药学部, 河南 郑州 450000
    3.河南中医药大学呼吸疾病中药防治省部共建协同创新中心, 河南 郑州 450046

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*唐进法, E-mail: ;
张明亮, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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