Article(id=1198656145129832806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198656143976399200, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0577, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1683302400000, receivedDateStr=2023-05-06, revisedDate=1686758400000, revisedDateStr=2023-06-15, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763711494953, onlineDateStr=2025-11-21, pubDate=1694448000000, pubDateStr=2023-09-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763711494953, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763711494953, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763711494953, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198656143976399200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2023', volume='58', issue='9', pageStart='2541', pageEnd='2834', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1694448000000', pubDateStr='2023-09-12', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763711494677, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1763711620095, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1198656670072144034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198656143976399200, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1198656670072144035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198656143976399200, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2727, endPage=2733, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198656145398268265, articleId=1198656145129832806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Design and synthesis of peptide-drug conjugates and fluorescent probe based on α-conotoxin ArIB[V11L,V16D], columnId=null, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

α-Conotoxin ArIB[V11L,V16D] is currently the most optimal selective inhibitor of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) known. In order to explore chemical modification methods and enrich its application in targeting nAChR, this study utilized the linker to covalently connect camptothecin and 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin to the [2,4] disulfide bond of ArIB[V11L,V16D]. Therefore, two peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs), ArIB[V11L,V16D]-5 and ArIB[V11L,V16D]-6, and one fluorescent-labeled peptide, ArIB[V11L,V16D]-7 were constructed. Cytotoxicity evaluation showed that the IC50 values against non-small cell lung cancer cell line A549 of the two PDCs were respectively 1.3 and 4.1 times of camptothecin, indicating slight reduction in activity at the cellular level which was related to the linker structure. Fluorescence spectrum scanning revealed that the excitation and emission wavelength of the fluorescent-labeled peptide were 340 nm and 403 nm respectively, and the fluorescence features of 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin as a marker were retained without fluorescence quenching. This modification strategy laid a solid foundation for the further application of α-conotoxin ArIB[V11L,V16D] in PDCs and fluorescent probes.

, authors=null, authorsList=Xin SUN, Jiang-nan HU, Su-lan LUO, Shuai DONG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Shuai DONG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2023 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1198656146702696843, articleId=1198656145129832806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=α-芋螺毒素ArIB[V11L,V16D]多肽偶联药物与荧光探针的设计与合成, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

α-芋螺毒素ArIB[V11L,V16D] 是目前已知最优的α7乙酰胆碱受体(nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, nAChR) 高选择性抑制剂。为探索该毒素的化学改造方法, 丰富其在靶向nAChR方面的应用, 本研究利用连接子分别将喜树碱和7-氨基-4-甲基香豆素与ArIB[V11L,V16D] 的[2,4]位二硫键共价连接, 构建了两个多肽偶联药物(peptide-drug conjugate, PDC) ArIB[V11L,V16D]-5与ArIB[V11L,V16D]-6和一个荧光标记肽ArIB[V11L,V16D]-7; 细胞毒活性评价结果表明两个PDC对非小细胞肺癌细胞系A549的IC50分别是喜树碱的1.3倍与4.1倍, 其活性在细胞水平上略有降低且与连接子结构相关; 荧光光谱扫描结果表明荧光标记肽的激发波长与发射波长分别为340与403 nm, 该荧光标记肽未发生荧光淬灭且保留了标记物7-氨基-4-甲基香豆素的荧光特性。该修饰改造为α-芋螺毒素ArIB[V11L,V16D] 在PDC与荧光探针方面的进一步应用奠定坚实基础。

, authors=null, authorsList=孙鑫, 胡江南, 罗素兰, 董帅, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=董帅, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*董帅, Tel: 86-898-66289538, E-mail:
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A: Synthetic route of linker with 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin and camptothecin; B: Synthetic route of the compounds (5-7) inserted into ArIB[V11L,V16D]

Reagents and conditions: (a) CuSO4·5H2O, sodium ascorbate, MeCN-H2O, rt, overnight; (b) NH4HCO3 buffer, MeCN-H2O, rt, 65 min; (c) I2, TFA, MeCN-H2O, rt, 10 min.

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α-芋螺毒素ArIB[V11L,V16D]多肽偶联药物与荧光探针的设计与合成
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孙鑫 , 胡江南 , 罗素兰 , 董帅 *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2023,58(9): 2727-2733
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药学学报 |研究论文 2023 , 58 (9) : 2727 -2733
α-芋螺毒素ArIB[V11L,V16D]多肽偶联药物与荧光探针的设计与合成
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孙鑫, 胡江南, 罗素兰, 董帅*
作者信息
  • 海南大学热带生物资源教育部重点实验室, 海南大学药学院, 海南 海口 570228
通讯作者:
*董帅, Tel: 86-898-66289538, E-mail:
Design and synthesis of peptide-drug conjugates and fluorescent probe based on α-conotoxin ArIB[V11L,V16D]
Xin SUN, Jiang-nan HU, Su-lan LUO, Shuai DONG*
Affiliations
  • Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
出版时间: 2023-09-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0577
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α-芋螺毒素ArIB[V11L,V16D] 是目前已知最优的α7乙酰胆碱受体(nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, nAChR) 高选择性抑制剂。为探索该毒素的化学改造方法, 丰富其在靶向nAChR方面的应用, 本研究利用连接子分别将喜树碱和7-氨基-4-甲基香豆素与ArIB[V11L,V16D] 的[2,4]位二硫键共价连接, 构建了两个多肽偶联药物(peptide-drug conjugate, PDC) ArIB[V11L,V16D]-5与ArIB[V11L,V16D]-6和一个荧光标记肽ArIB[V11L,V16D]-7; 细胞毒活性评价结果表明两个PDC对非小细胞肺癌细胞系A549的IC50分别是喜树碱的1.3倍与4.1倍, 其活性在细胞水平上略有降低且与连接子结构相关; 荧光光谱扫描结果表明荧光标记肽的激发波长与发射波长分别为340与403 nm, 该荧光标记肽未发生荧光淬灭且保留了标记物7-氨基-4-甲基香豆素的荧光特性。该修饰改造为α-芋螺毒素ArIB[V11L,V16D] 在PDC与荧光探针方面的进一步应用奠定坚实基础。

α-芋螺毒素ArIB[V11L,V16D]  /  二硫键改造  /  多肽偶联药物  /  荧光探针

α-Conotoxin ArIB[V11L,V16D] is currently the most optimal selective inhibitor of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) known. In order to explore chemical modification methods and enrich its application in targeting nAChR, this study utilized the linker to covalently connect camptothecin and 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin to the [2,4] disulfide bond of ArIB[V11L,V16D]. Therefore, two peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs), ArIB[V11L,V16D]-5 and ArIB[V11L,V16D]-6, and one fluorescent-labeled peptide, ArIB[V11L,V16D]-7 were constructed. Cytotoxicity evaluation showed that the IC50 values against non-small cell lung cancer cell line A549 of the two PDCs were respectively 1.3 and 4.1 times of camptothecin, indicating slight reduction in activity at the cellular level which was related to the linker structure. Fluorescence spectrum scanning revealed that the excitation and emission wavelength of the fluorescent-labeled peptide were 340 nm and 403 nm respectively, and the fluorescence features of 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin as a marker were retained without fluorescence quenching. This modification strategy laid a solid foundation for the further application of α-conotoxin ArIB[V11L,V16D] in PDCs and fluorescent probes.

α-conotoxin ArIB[V11L,V16D]  /  disulfide bond modification  /  peptide-drug conjugate  /  fluorescent probe
孙鑫, 胡江南, 罗素兰, 董帅. α-芋螺毒素ArIB[V11L,V16D]多肽偶联药物与荧光探针的设计与合成. 药学学报, 2023 , 58 (9) : 2727 -2733 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0577
Xin SUN, Jiang-nan HU, Su-lan LUO, Shuai DONG. Design and synthesis of peptide-drug conjugates and fluorescent probe based on α-conotoxin ArIB[V11L,V16D][J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2023 , 58 (9) : 2727 -2733 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0577
多肽偶联药物(peptide-drug conjugate, PDC) 是一类由靶向肽、连接子和药物三部分组成的靶向治疗药物, 其作用原理是利用多肽的生物靶向性将药物有效递送到靶细胞从而提高药物的治疗效果并降低药物不良反应, PDC的核心优势是提高药物选择性并增强药物的细胞通透性[1, 2]。目前全球已有三款获批上市的PDC, 分别是美法仑氟苯酰胺以及放射配体疗法镥氧奥曲肽与Pluvicto。美法仑氟苯酰胺是由瑞典Oncopeptides公司研发用于治疗骨髓瘤的一款药物, 可靶向氨肽酶并迅速的将烷化剂递送到肿瘤细胞内, 诱导肿瘤细胞发生不可逆的DNA损伤和细胞凋亡[3]。美法仑氟苯酰胺于2021年2月获FDA批准上市, 同年10月撤市[4]。镥氧奥曲肽是一款用于治疗胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤的药物[5], 由Lu-177与奥曲肽组成, 其中Lu-177是一种放射性核素, 奥曲肽能与肿瘤上的生长抑素受体特异性结合, 并通过Lu-177的放射性电离辐射杀伤肿瘤细胞。Pluvicto由靶向前列腺特异性膜抗原(prostate-specific membrane antigen, PSMA) 的特异性拟肽与Lu-177组成, 可靶向前列腺肿瘤组织中过表达的PSMA并传递电离辐射杀死肿瘤细胞[6]。Pluvicto于2022年3月获FDA批准上市, 是第一个被FDA批准的用于治疗前列腺癌的放射性核素药物。综上, PDC是一类新兴的靶向治疗药物, 兼具多肽高度的靶向性和药物强大的杀伤力。虽然目前获批上市的PDC较少, 但已知多个PDC正处于临床试验阶段[7]
荧光标记肽是一种以多肽为识别基团的靶向荧光探针, 由识别基团(配体)、报告基团(荧光基团) 和连接基团(连接子) 三部分组成[8]。迄今为止, 多肽在研究许多疾病相关受体、生物标志物、血管生成和细胞凋亡等过程得到了广泛的应用, 与抗体、蛋白质和多糖等相比, 多肽具有体积小、靶向摄取高、易编辑修饰、生物相容性好等优点[9, 10], 因此荧光标记肽是一类理想的靶向荧光探针, 在环境监测、生物分析和临床诊断等领域有着巨大的应用前景[11, 12]
α-芋螺毒素是芋螺毒素超家族中最早得到研究的活性肽, 也是目前研究最为热门和深入的一类芋螺毒素[13]。作为烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体(nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, nAChR) 的特异性阻断剂, α-芋螺毒素具有结构稳定、选择性高等优点, 不仅是研究各种nAChR亚型结构和功能的宝贵探针及治疗各类nAChR相关疾病的新药来源[14-16], 同时也是PDC和荧光标记肽理想的靶向配体。2015年Mei等[17]利用α-芋螺毒素ImI的N端氨基与PEG-DSPE进行亲核取代反应得到了ImI改性胶束, 并利用ImI改性胶束的亲水亲脂性进行自组装得到了携载抗肿瘤药物紫杉醇的载药胶束。体内和体外研究表明, 该载药胶束利用ImI对α7 nAChR的靶向性可以特异性地将药物高效递送到α7 nAChR过表达的人乳腺癌细胞中, 通过提高靶向性以及改善细胞摄取来增强肿瘤中紫杉醇的积累, 实现更强的抗肿瘤效果, 并降低了紫杉醇的骨髓抑制作用与全身毒性。两年后Mei等[18]又构建了一种新型的多西紫杉醇负载α-芋螺毒素ImI修饰胶束系统, 以非小细胞肺癌细胞系A549作为细胞模型研究了该载药系统的靶向效率和细胞毒性, 结果表明通过ImI对α7 nAChR的靶向性同样可以促进多西紫杉醇在非小细胞肺癌细胞中的积累, 达到对肿瘤细胞更高效的杀伤作用。Yang等[19]利用荧光分子罗丹明修饰α-芋螺毒素LtIA的N端氨基制备了LtIA的新型荧光类似物, 丰富了探索α3β2 nAChR的分布、配体结合域以及结构-功能关系的药理学工具。随后, Tan等[20]运用同样的方法设计并合成了α-芋螺毒素[A10L]PnIA荧光探针。目前对α-芋螺毒素修饰改造的方法均为利用α-芋螺毒素的N端氨基与NHS反应, 但该方法限制了N端氨基为关键活性位点的α-芋螺毒素在靶向递送方面的应用。本课题组前期利用二甲苯支架分别与α-芋螺毒素TxIB的[1,3]或[2,4]半胱氨酸残基高效构建衍生物, 并利用电生理活性筛选平台评价两类衍生物对nAChR的抑制活性, 结果表明在α-芋螺毒素TxIB的[2,4]半胱氨酸插入小分子对其活性与选择性影响较小, 该方法为α-芋螺毒素的化学修饰改造提供了新思路[21]
ArIB[V11L,V16D] 是迄今为止报道的对α7 nAChR最有效和选择性最高的α-芋螺毒素, 可特异性阻断α7 nAChR, IC50值仅为1.09 nmol·L-1 [22]α7 nAChR自1990年被发现以来就受到了广泛的关注和研究[23], 在中枢神经系统中, 该亚型主要分布在海马体和大脑皮层, 与学习和记忆相关, 其功能障碍易引发精神分裂症、帕金森氏症和阿尔茨海默病等疾病[24, 25]。研究表明, α7 nAChR高表达于非小细胞肺癌和脑胶质瘤等癌细胞, 是该类癌症的潜在治疗靶点[26, 27]。为实现α-芋螺毒素ArIB[V11L,V16D] 的应用, 首先需要将其与荧光分子或药物高效连接。本课题运用前期开发的二硫键装订改造策略对α-芋螺毒素ArIB[V11L,V16D] 进行PDC和荧光标记肽的“组装”探究。连接子通过高效的点击反应与亲核取代反应将药物和荧光分子与ArIB[V11L,V16D] 共价连接, 成功合成了以ArIB[V11L,V16D] 为靶向肽的两个PDC和一个荧光标记肽, 并通过细胞毒性评价实验和荧光光谱扫描实验分别对PDC的细胞毒性和荧光标记肽的荧光特性进行了检测和评估。
本课题选用α-芋螺毒素ArIB[V11L,V16D] 作为PDC和荧光标记肽的识别基团, 喜树碱和7-氨基-4-甲基香豆素分别作为PDC的细胞毒性药物和荧光标记肽的荧光基团, 使用连接子分别将喜树碱和7-氨基-4-甲基香豆素装订到α-芋螺毒素ArIB[V11L,V16D] 的[2,4]位半胱氨酸, 构建PDC和荧光标记肽。连接子4的炔基端与衍生化药物12或荧光分子3上的叠氮基团在一价铜的催化下发生点击反应(路线1A) 构建前体化合物5~7, 5~7通过亲核取代反应装订到多肽的[2,4]位半胱氨酸间, 最终通过碘氧化法构建[1,3]位二硫键, 完成PDC (ArIB[V11L,V16D]-5,6) 和荧光标记肽(ArIB[V11L,V16D]-7) 的“组装” (路线1B)。化合物1~3的结构经1H NMR、13C NMR进行了确证, 只连接了炔基连接子的多肽(ArIB[V11L,V16D]-4)、PDC (ArIB[V11L,V16D]-5和ArIB[V11L,V16D]-6) 以及荧光标记肽(ArIB[V11L,V16D]-7) 通过质谱验证分子量并通过高效液相色谱分析纯度(图 1)。经质谱分析计算ArIB[V11L,V16D]-4,5,6,7的平均相对分子量分别为2 512.28、2 944.07、3 160.93和2 988.30, 与理论相对分子量2 512.81、2 944.22、3 161.48和2 988.31相符, 液相分析表明所有多肽衍生物纯度均大于95%, 结果表明成功合成了高纯度的ArIB[V11L,V16D] PDC和荧光标记肽。溶解性实验表明ArIB[V11L,V16D]-4~7均可溶解于纯水中, 表明该改造方法构建的喜树碱和7-氨基-4-甲基香豆素衍生物具有两亲性, 有助于提高药物的生物利用度。
喜树碱是一种靶向DNA拓扑异构酶的抗癌药物, 本实验选择非小细胞肺癌(A549细胞系) 为实验细胞, 用CCK-8法测定了在2.5 nmol·L-1~25 μmol·L-1内5种药物浓度时, 喜树碱、ArIB[V11L,V16D]-5和ArIB[V11L,V16D]-6对A549的细胞毒性(图 2)。ArIB[V11L,V16D]-5和ArIB[V11L,V16D]-6的IC50值为325.3 nmol·L-1和1 073.0 nmol·L-1, 分别是喜树碱IC50值(259.9 nmol·L-1) 的1.3倍与4.1倍。实验结果表明α-芋螺毒素ArIB[V11L,V16D]连接喜树碱构建的PDC在细胞水平上能维持本体药的抗肿瘤能力, 其中长链PDC活性略低于短链PDC, 但均对A549细胞表现出良好的抗增殖活性。ArIB[V11L,V16D] 作为水溶性的α7 nAChR选择性抑制剂, 具有优异的药物靶向递送效能。喜树碱抗肿瘤活性强, 但水溶性差, 不良反应严重, 限制其临床应用[28]。本项目将ArIB[V11L,V16D] 与喜树碱偶联构建具有两亲性的喜树碱衍生物, 同时可提高对α7 nAChR高表达肿瘤细胞的靶向性, 具有进一步进行体内活性探究的潜力。
荧光分子7-氨基-4-甲基香豆素具有苯并吡喃酮结构, 在紫外光下常显蓝色荧光, 激发波长和发射波长分别为341和441 nm, 适用于生物样品的分析[29]。本研究通过检测并对比相同浓度下本体荧光(7-氨基-4-甲基香豆素)、只连接苄基炔连接子的多肽(ArIB[V11L,V16D]-4) 和荧光标记肽(ArIB[V11L,V16D]-7) 的荧光发射光谱(图 3), 进而评估该荧光标记肽的荧光效果。与ArIB[V11L,V16D]-4相比, 荧光标记肽的荧光强度发生了明显变化, 其发射强度与7-氨基-4-甲基香豆素几乎相同, 良好“继承”了7-氨基-4-甲基香豆素的荧光特性。以上实验结果表明了ArIB[V11L,V16D] 与7-氨基-4-甲基香豆素成功连接且没有发生荧光猝灭。与本体荧光7-氨基-4-甲基香豆素相比, ArIB[V11L,V16D]-7的最大发射波长发生了轻微的蓝移, 从425.8 nm蓝移到403.0 nm。
本研究以α-芋螺毒素ArIB[V11L,V16D] 为识别基团, 合成连接子、喜树碱和7-氨基-4-甲基香豆素衍生物, 通过点击化学和亲核取代分别将药物和荧光基团与ArIB[V11L,V16D] 共价连接, 成功构建了两个PDC和一个荧光标记肽。通过CCK-8实验检测了PDC和喜树碱对A549的抗增殖活性, 结果表明两个PDC对A549的IC50值分别为325.3和1 073 nmol·L-1, 说明α-芋螺毒素ArIB[V11L,V16D] 连接喜树碱“组装”成PDC在细胞水平上对本体药的抗肿瘤能力影响较小, 且其活性变化与连接子结构相关。荧光光谱扫描结果显示相同浓度下荧光标记肽的荧光发射强度与7-氨基-4-甲基香豆素几乎相同, 保留了7-氨基-4-甲基香豆素的荧光特性且并未发生荧光淬灭。总之, 该修饰改造方法拓展了α-芋螺毒素在靶向药物与荧光探针方面的应用, 为芋螺毒素的修饰改造和作为靶向配体的开发提供了一种新策略。
Bruker AV 400核磁共振波谱仪(德国Bruker公司); Waters prep 150制备型HPLC、Waters e2695分析型HPLC、Acquity H Class-Xevo TOD超高效液相色谱-质谱联用仪(美国Waters公司); F-4700荧光分光光度(日本hitachi公司); Alpha 1-4L冷冻干燥机(德国Christ公司); QP-160 CO2细胞培养箱(山东博科生物产业有限公司); SpectraMax M2酶标免疫检测仪(美国Molecular Devices公司); 乙腈、三氟乙酸(色谱纯, 美国Sigma-Aldrich公司); 其他试剂和溶剂未经特别说明均为国产或进口分析纯与生物级。
(S)-4-Ethyl-3,14-dioxo-3,4,12,14-tetrahydro-1H-pyrano[3′,4′:6,7]indolizino[1,2-b]quinolin-4-yl 2-azidoacetate (1): 在氩气条件下, 将叠氮乙酸(21.5 μL, 287 μmol)、1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐(165 mg, 861 μmol)、4-二甲氨基吡啶(105 mg, 861 μmol) 溶于二氯甲烷(1 mL) 中, 冰浴反应20 min后, 加入喜树碱(100 mg, 287 μmol), 常温反应过夜。减压旋干溶剂后用二氯甲烷∶甲醇(vv) = 100∶1柱层析分离, 得到黄色固体55.3 mg, 产率44.7%。1H NMR (400 MHz, chloroform-d: methanol-d4 = 2∶1): δ 8.54 (s, 1H), 8.19 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 8.05~7.92 (m, 1H), 7.86 (ddd, J = 8.5, 6.9, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.69 (ddd, J = 8.1, 6.9, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.40 (s, 1H), 5.53 (dd, J = 107.4, 17.1 Hz, 2H), 5.30 (d, J = 2.1 Hz, 2H), 4.18 (d, J = 1.5 Hz, 2H), 2.30~2.10 (m, 2H), 1.01 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, chloroform-d∶methanol-d4 = 2∶1): δ 168.29, 167.82, 157.89, 151.85, 148.21, 146.36, 146.34, 133.08, 131.80, 129.24, 129.23, 128.91, 128.90, 128.87, 120.32, 97.44, 67.25, 50.64, 50.24, 31.79, 7.75。
(S)-4-Ethyl-3,14-dioxo-3,4,12,14-tetrahydro-1H-pyrano[3′,4′:6,7]indolizino[1,2-b]quinolin-4-yl 1-azido-13-oxo-3,6,9-trioxa-12-azahexadecan-16-oate (2): 在氩气条件下, 将喜树碱(348 mg, 1 mmol)、丁二酸酐(300 mg, 3 mmol) 溶于二氯甲烷(15 mL) 中, 冰浴反应15 min后, 将1,8-二氮杂二环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯(448 μL, 3 mmol) 溶于二氯甲烷(4.6 mL) 后缓慢加入反应体系, 继续冰浴反应4 h。反应完成后, 直接减压旋干溶剂, 得橙色固体。称取部分橙色固体(185 mg)、2-(7-偶氮苯并三氮唑)-N,N, N′,N′-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯(261 mg, 687 μmol)、N,N-二异丙基乙胺(200 μL, 1.15 mmol) 溶于10 mL二氯甲烷中, 在氩气保护下常温反应20 min后, 加入1-氨基-11-叠氮-3,6,9-三氧杂十一烷(45.5 μL, 229 μmol), 常温反应过夜。减压旋干溶剂后用二氯甲烷∶甲醇(vv) = 50∶1柱层析分离, 得到橙色固体97.9 mg, 产率65.9%。1H NMR (400 MHz, chloroform-d): δ 8.44 (s, 1H), 8.32 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.95 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.88~7.81 (m, 1H), 7.68 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.45 (s, 1H), 6.38 (s, 1H), 5.65 (d, J = 17.2 Hz, 1H), 5.36 (d, J = 17.2 Hz, 1H), 5.26 (s, 2H), 3.62 (d, J = 2.6 Hz, 6H), 3.59 (dd, J = 5.9, 3.2 Hz, 2H), 3.56~3.52 (m, 2H), 3.46 (dd, J = 7.8, 3.5 Hz, 2H), 3.40 (td, J = 10.8, 9.8, 4.8 Hz, 2H), 3.34 (t, J = 5.1 Hz, 2H), 2.99~2.76 (m, 2H), 2.59~2.44 (m, 2H), 2.18 (ddq, J = 46.9, 14.4, 7.4 Hz, 2H), 0.98 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, chloroform-d): δ 172.06, 170.96, 167.51, 157.34, 151.73, 147.73, 146.28, 145.38, 132.33, 131.35, 128.85, 128.78, 128.44, 128.35, 128.28, 120.49, 97.53, 70.74, 70.66, 70.62, 70.29, 70.08, 69.78, 67.02, 50.75, 50.07, 39.43, 31.77, 30.85, 29.62, 7.73。
N1-(2-(2-(2-(2-Azidoethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl)-N4-(4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yl)succinamide (3): 在氩气条件下, 将7-氨基-4-甲基香豆素(100 mg, 571 μmol)、丁二酸酐(57.1 mg, 571 μmol) 溶于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(1.5 mL) 中, 60 ℃反应24 h。反应完成后, 冷却至室温, 减压旋干溶剂后, 用无水乙醇重复洗涤(2 mL×3) 后真空干燥得到棕黄色固体。称取部分棕黄色固体(120 mg)、1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐(211 mg, 1.1 mmol)、1-羟基苯并三唑(149 mg, 1.1 mmol)、N,N-二异丙基乙胺(383 μL, 2.2 mmol) 溶于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(2 mL) 中, 在氩气保护下常温反应20 min后, 加入1-氨基-11-叠氮-3,6,9-三氧杂十一烷(72.7 μL, 367 μmol), 常温16 h。减压旋干溶剂后用二氯甲烷∶甲醇(vv) = 50∶1柱层析分离, 得到棕色固体35.2 mg, 产率20.4%。1H NMR (400 MHz, chloroform-d): δ 9.69 (s, 1H), 7.68 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.33~7.28 (m, 1H), 6.77 (t, J = 5.4 Hz, 1H), 6.09 (d, J = 1.6 Hz, 1H), 3.68~3.62 (m, 10H), 3.57 (t, J = 5.0 Hz, 2H), 3.47 (q, J = 5.1 Hz, 2H), 3.38 (t, J = 5.0 Hz, 2H), 2.76 (dd, J = 8.1, 4.7 Hz, 2H), 2.67 (dd, J = 8.0, 4.7 Hz, 2H), 2.35 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, chloroform-d): δ 172.87, 171.37, 161.36, 154.15, 152.62, 142.16, 124.94, 115.63, 115.54, 112.98, 106.95, 70.74, 70.72, 70.61, 70.38, 70.06, 69.66, 50.79, 39.71, 32.66, 31.00, 18.57。
连接子(4) 的合成见参考文献[30]
化合物5~7的合成: 在氩气条件下, 将五水硫酸铜(1.5 equiv.) 和抗坏血酸钠(3 equiv.) 溶于水中, 常温反应5 min, 反应液由蓝变黄后将衍生化的药物或荧光分子(123) (1 equiv.) 和连接子4 (1.2 equiv.) 溶于乙腈加入反应体系, 常温反应过夜。减压旋干溶剂, 用柱层析分离后得到产物质谱鉴定后直接用于下一步合成。ArIB[V11L,V16D]-4,5,6,7的合成: 在氮气保护条件下, 将线性肽ArIB[V11L,V16D] (20 mg, 1 equiv.) 溶于H2O (4 mL) 中, 加入NH4HCO3缓冲液(0.2 mol·L-1, pH 8.2, 16 mL) 后, 缓慢滴加化合物4~7的乙腈溶液(4 equiv, 20 mL, 滴加过快会产生大量副产物)。室温反应65 min, 随着反应的进行反应液由白色浑浊状逐渐变透明。反应结束后向反应液中加入三氟乙酸(160 mL, 0.1%水溶液) 淬灭反应, 取反应液(20 μL) 过滤后通过质谱鉴定其分子量。反应液经过0.22 µm滤膜抽滤后, 经制备型HPLC纯化得到第一步产物。纯化条件: 线性梯度洗脱为5% B→55% B, 50 min, (A液: 0.1%三氟乙酸/99.9%水, B液: 0.1%三氟乙酸/99.9%乙腈), 流速10 mL·min-1, 检测波长UV 214 nm。将纯度高于90%的产物溶液合并直接用于第二步碘氧化法构建二硫键。将碘(20 mg, 0.08 mmol) 溶于乙腈-水(1∶4, 50 mL) 中, 加入三氟乙酸(1 mL), 缓慢滴加第一步反应产物溶液, 最后补加H2O将反应液定容至100 mL后密闭反应10 min, 反应液呈棕褐色。反应结束后加入维生素C钠盐饱和水溶液至反应液变透明, 质谱鉴定反应产物。反应液经过0.22 µm滤膜抽滤后, 经制备型HPLC进一步纯化得到目标产物。第二步纯化条件和第一步一致。第二步纯化后产物经分析型HPLC鉴定后将纯度高于95%的产物合并, 经冷冻干燥成粉末状后密封置于-80 ℃冰箱保存备用。纯化条件: 线性梯度洗脱10% B→50% B, 20 min, (A液: 0.1%三氟乙酸/99.9%水, B液: 0.1%三氟乙酸/99.9%乙腈), 流速0.8 mL·min-1, 检测波长UV 214 nm。
利用CCK-8试剂盒检测本体药喜树碱和两个PDC (ArIB[V11L,V16D]-5、ArIB[V11L,V16D]-6) 对A549细胞的增殖抑制作用。取对数生长期A549细胞, 用胰酶将其酶解为细胞悬液并吸打混匀, 用DMEM完全培养基将其稀释至每微升15~20个, 向96孔板每孔加入100 μL稀释后的细胞悬液后, 将96孔板放入CO2细胞培养箱中培养24 h。配制25 μmol·L-1~2.5 nmol·L-1的待测药物溶液(现配现用), 弃去96孔板中旧培养基后, 每孔加入配好的不同浓度药物100 μL, 每个浓度重复三组以上, 将96孔板做好标记, 放入CO2细胞培养箱中培养72 h。避光条件下将CCK-8用DMEM完全培养基稀释至体积分数为10%, 弃去96孔板中的旧培养基, 向每孔加入稀释后的CCK-8溶液, 将96孔板放入CO2细胞培养箱中培养1 h。打开酶标仪完成自检后设置检测波长为450 nm, 将96孔板取出放入酶标仪, 检测每孔细胞的吸光度值(OD值), 数据使用软件GraphPad Prism 8.0进行处理。
采用日立F-4700荧光分光光度计扫描本体荧光基团7-氨基-4-甲基香豆素、只连接了连接子的多肽(ArIB[V11L,V16D]-4) 和荧光标记肽(ArIB[V11L,V16D]-7) 的荧光光谱, 探究“组装”的芋螺毒素荧光标记肽是否良好地保留了7-氨基-4-甲基香豆素的荧光特性, 同时也侧面验证芋螺毒素是否成功与荧光分子连接。所测样品均为100 μmol·L-1水溶液, 设置激发波长为340 nm, 筛选300 nm至800 nm之间的荧光发射光谱。
作者贡献: 孙鑫负责化合物的设计、合成、活性测定与稿件撰写; 胡江南负责化合物结构的分析与鉴定以及稿件修改; 罗素兰负责实验设计; 董帅负责实验设计、过程指导、稿件撰写与修改。
利益冲突: 本文作者声明无任何利益冲突。
  • 海南省自然科学基金项目(823MS031)
  • 海南省研究生创新科研课题基金(Qhys2021-206)
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0577
  • 接收时间:2023-05-06
  • 首发时间:2025-11-21
  • 出版时间:2023-09-12
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  • 收稿日期:2023-05-06
  • 修回日期:2023-06-15
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海南省自然科学基金项目(823MS031)
海南省研究生创新科研课题基金(Qhys2021-206)
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    海南大学热带生物资源教育部重点实验室, 海南大学药学院, 海南 海口 570228

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
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genus
种数
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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