Article(id=1198656219729720262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198656209390764948, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0574, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1683302400000, receivedDateStr=2023-05-06, revisedDate=1684166400000, revisedDateStr=2023-05-16, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763711512739, onlineDateStr=2025-11-21, pubDate=1697040000000, pubDateStr=2023-10-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763711512739, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763711512739, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763711512739, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198656209390764948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2023', volume='58', issue='10', pageStart='2835', pageEnd='3150', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1697040000000', pubDateStr='2023-10-12', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763711510274, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1763711659007, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1198656833280897539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198656209390764948, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1198656833280897540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198656209390764948, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=3040, endPage=3048, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198656220073653221, articleId=1198656219729720262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Mechanism of Zhibai Dihuang decotion in treating postmenopausal osteoporosis, columnId=null, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In this study, the ovarian surgery (ovariectomy, OVX) was used to establish the osteoporosis mice model of primary menstruation, in order to evaluate the protective effects and mechanisms of Zhibai Dihuang decotion on postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP). The animal experimental protocol has been reviewed and approved by Laboratory Animal Ethics Committee of Jinan University (number: 20210315-03), in compliance with the Institutional Animal Care Guidelines. C57BL/6 mice were divided into five groups, including Sham group, OVX group, low (32 g·kg-1·day-1) and high dose (64 g·kg-1·day-1) of Zhibai Dihuang decotion groups, positive drug group (alendronate, 9.9 mg·kg-1·q3d). After modeling, mice were given medication intervention for 8 weeks, and then femoral and tibial tissues were taken to detect indicators such as bone microstructure, bone resorption, and oxidative stress. The experimental results showed that after Zhibai Dihuang decotion administration, the bone microstructure damage caused by OVX surgery was alleviated, and the relevant parameters bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume/total volume (BV/TV), trabecular number (Tb. N) and connectivity density (Conn. D) both significantly increased. At the same time, the number of TRAP positive osteoclasts decreased significantly, and the levels of proteins and genes related to osteoclast differentiation decreased, indicating that Zhibai Dihuang decoction could inhibit the increased activity of osteoclast caused by OVX. Afterwards, network pharmacology was used to construct the active compound action target network of Zhibai Dihuang decotion, and it was found that the target genes of its active ingredients were closely related to the oxidative stress pathway. Finally, the detection results of oxidative stress levels in bone tissues showed that after treatment with Zhibai Dihuang decotion, the levels of oxidative stress products 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in bone tissues of mice significantly decreased, while the levels of antioxidant stress substance L-glutathione (GSH) increased. These above results indicated that Zhibai Dihuang decotion can regulate the level of oxidative stress in the body and inhibit osteoclast activity, which played a therapeutic role in PMOP, as well as provided theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of PMOP with traditional Chinese medicine.

, authors=null, authorsList=Man-ya JIANG, Yue YE, Qiong-yi ZHANG, Gan-qing LUO, Wen-zhe DENG, Meng WANG, Kurihara HIROSHI, Jian-bo HE, Yi-fang LI, Rong-rong HE, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jian-bo HE, Yi-fang LI, Rong-rong HE, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2023 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1198656223387152569, articleId=1198656219729720262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=知柏地黄汤治疗绝经后骨质疏松的机制研究, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究采用摘除卵巢手术(ovariectomy, OVX), 建立原发性绝经后的骨质疏松小鼠模型, 研究知柏地黄汤对绝经后骨质疏松症(postmenopausal osteoporosis, PMOP) 的药效作用及相关机制。实验方案经暨南大学动物实验伦理委员会批准(批准号: 20210315-03), 所有程序均严格按照动物使用和护理的伦理原则进行。实验分为正常组、OVX组、知柏地黄汤低剂量(32 g·kg-1·day-1) 和高剂量组(64 g·kg-1·day-1)、阳性药阿仑磷酸钠(9.9 mg·kg-1·q3d) 组。C57BL/6小鼠造模且给予药物干预8周后, 取股骨和胫骨组织检测骨微结构、骨吸收和氧化应激等指标。实验结果显示, 给予知柏地黄汤干预后, OVX所致的骨微结构损伤得到缓解, 相关参数骨密度(bone mineral density, BMD)、骨体积分数(bone volume/total volume, BV/TV)、骨小梁数目(trabecular number, Tb. N)、骨小梁连接密度(connectivity density, Conn. D) 均明显增加。同时, TRAP阳性破骨细胞数量明显降低, 破骨分化相关蛋白及基因水平降低, 说明知柏地黄汤能抑制OVX后增强的破骨细胞活性。之后, 利用网络药理学构建知柏地黄汤活性化合物-作用靶点网络, 发现其活性成分的靶点基因与氧化应激通路密切相关。最后, 骨组织中氧化应激水平检测结果显示, 知柏地黄汤治疗后小鼠骨组织氧化应激产物4-羟基壬烯醛(4-hydroxynonenal, 4-HNE) 和丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA) 水平显著降低, 而抗氧化应激物谷胱甘肽(L-glutathione, GSH) 的水平升高。以上结果显示, 知柏地黄汤能够调控体内氧化应激水平抑制破骨活性而起到治疗PMOP的作用, 将为中医药防治PMOP提供理论依据。

, authors=null, authorsList=江曼亚, 叶悦, 张琼谊, 罗淦清, 邓文喆, 王萌, 栗原博, 何剑波, 李怡芳, 何蓉蓉, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=何剑波, 李怡芳, 何蓉蓉, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*何蓉蓉, Tel: 86-20-85221559, E-mail: ;
李怡芳, ;
何剑波, Tel: 86-20-81887233, E-mail:
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A: The body weight of mice was monitored for 8 consecutive weeks; B: Micro-CT 3D representative images of bone microstructure in each group; C: Quantitative analysis of BMD, BV/TV, Tb. N and Conn. D in each group of mice. <i>n</i> = 6, <span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black"><i>x</i></span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> Sham group; <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>###</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> OVX group. OVX: Ovariectomy; ZBDH-L: Low dose of Zhibai Dihuang decotion group, 32 g·kg<sup>-1</sup>·day<sup>-1</sup>; ZBDH-H: High dose of Zhibai Dihuang decotion group, 64 g·kg<sup>-1</sup>·day<sup>-1</sup>; ALN: Alendronate, 9.9 g·kg<sup>-1</sup>·q3d; BMD: Bone mineral density; BV/TV: Bone volume/total volume; Tb. N: Trabecular number; Conn. D: Connectivity density , figureFileSmall=TFqOujdodTiRjebtrE9Qmw==, figureFileBig=+3wh/+Sk0vtqC/rRTy4xCA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960266072388503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656219729720262, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=G+3SyIRWUIGxuov5sBs6kw==, figureFileBig=mYR4usbZQILXp8zG86xflQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960266198217626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656219729720262, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= Effect of ZBDH on the morphology of femoral bone in OVX mice. Morphology of distal femur in mice. The hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining images of mice femur were taken under microscope. Magnification: 20-fold , figureFileSmall=G+3SyIRWUIGxuov5sBs6kw==, figureFileBig=mYR4usbZQILXp8zG86xflQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960266282103712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656219729720262, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=CliLTBzw8PdVx11v3pM1XA==, figureFileBig=OXWz2ihvVFfaGe7hxOB1Tw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960266378572709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656219729720262, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= Effect of ZBDH on osteoclast activity of femur in OVX mice. TRAP staining images of mice distal femur under microscope. The arrow points to the red area, representing positive TRAP osteoclasts. Magnification: 80-fold , figureFileSmall=CliLTBzw8PdVx11v3pM1XA==, figureFileBig=OXWz2ihvVFfaGe7hxOB1Tw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960266512790442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656219729720262, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=f6fwdGVMXwkn6rZd3Q1OuA==, figureFileBig=QgxtCZ9vukTgNnLrXQgJ3g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960266655396783, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656219729720262, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= Effect of ZBDH on the expression levels of protein and mRNA related to bone resorption in the bone tissues of OVX mice. 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B, C: Determination of malondialdehyde (MDA) (B) and <i>L</i>-glutathione (GSH) (C) expression level in bone tissues of mice in each group. <i>n</i> = 3, <span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black"><i>x</i></span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> Sham group; <sup>#</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>###</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> OVX group , figureFileSmall=X4iXob6TcR4sqUXaSu4E2Q==, figureFileBig=m++dlbPtQIk6BJDw8SlgXA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960267376817097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656219729720262, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Gene Species Sequence (5'-3')
Gapdh Mouse Forward primer
Reverse primer
TCAAGAAGGTGGTGAAGCAG
GTTGAAGTCGCAGGAGACAA
Nfatc1 Mouse Forward primer
Reverse primer
CAACGCCCTGACCACCGATAG
GGCTGCCTTCCGTCTCATAGT
C-fos Mouse Forward primer
Reverse primer
GCGAGCAACTGAGAAGAC
TTGAAACCCGAGAACATC
Acp5 Mouse Forward primer
Reverse primer
TGTGGCCATCTTTATG
GTCATTTCTTTGGGGCTT
), ArticleFig(id=1198960267527812047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656219729720262, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

The primer sequences for real-time quantitative PCR. Nfatc1: Nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 1; Acp5: Acid phosphatase 5

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Gene Species Sequence (5'-3')
Gapdh Mouse Forward primer
Reverse primer
TCAAGAAGGTGGTGAAGCAG
GTTGAAGTCGCAGGAGACAA
Nfatc1 Mouse Forward primer
Reverse primer
CAACGCCCTGACCACCGATAG
GGCTGCCTTCCGTCTCATAGT
C-fos Mouse Forward primer
Reverse primer
GCGAGCAACTGAGAAGAC
TTGAAACCCGAGAACATC
Acp5 Mouse Forward primer
Reverse primer
TGTGGCCATCTTTATG
GTCATTTCTTTGGGGCTT
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知柏地黄汤治疗绝经后骨质疏松的机制研究
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江曼亚 1 , 叶悦 1 , 张琼谊 1 , 罗淦清 1 , 邓文喆 1 , 王萌 1 , 栗原博 1 , 何剑波 1, 2, 3, 4, * , 李怡芳 1, * , 何蓉蓉 1, 2, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2023,58(10): 3040-3048
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药学学报 |研究论文 2023 , 58 (10) : 3040 -3048
知柏地黄汤治疗绝经后骨质疏松的机制研究
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2. School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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江曼亚1, 叶悦1, 张琼谊1, 罗淦清1, 邓文喆1, 王萌1, 栗原博1, 何剑波1, 2, 3, 4, * , 李怡芳1, * , 何蓉蓉1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1.暨南大学, 广东省疾病易感性及中医药研发工程技术研究中心, 广东 广州 510632
  • 2.暨南大学中医学院, 广东 广州 510632
  • 3.暨南大学中西医结合博士后流动站, 广东 广州 510632
  • 4.广州中医药大学第二附属医院广东省中医院, 广东 广州 510120
通讯作者:
*何蓉蓉, Tel: 86-20-85221559, E-mail: ;
何剑波, Tel: 86-20-81887233, E-mail:
Mechanism of Zhibai Dihuang decotion in treating postmenopausal osteoporosis
Man-ya JIANG1, Yue YE1, Qiong-yi ZHANG1, Gan-qing LUO1, Wen-zhe DENG1, Meng WANG1, Kurihara HIROSHI1, Jian-bo HE1, 2, 3, 4, * , Yi-fang LI1, * , Rong-rong HE1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine and Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
  • 2. School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
  • 3. Integration of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
  • 4. The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
出版时间: 2023-10-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0574
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本研究采用摘除卵巢手术(ovariectomy, OVX), 建立原发性绝经后的骨质疏松小鼠模型, 研究知柏地黄汤对绝经后骨质疏松症(postmenopausal osteoporosis, PMOP) 的药效作用及相关机制。实验方案经暨南大学动物实验伦理委员会批准(批准号: 20210315-03), 所有程序均严格按照动物使用和护理的伦理原则进行。实验分为正常组、OVX组、知柏地黄汤低剂量(32 g·kg-1·day-1) 和高剂量组(64 g·kg-1·day-1)、阳性药阿仑磷酸钠(9.9 mg·kg-1·q3d) 组。C57BL/6小鼠造模且给予药物干预8周后, 取股骨和胫骨组织检测骨微结构、骨吸收和氧化应激等指标。实验结果显示, 给予知柏地黄汤干预后, OVX所致的骨微结构损伤得到缓解, 相关参数骨密度(bone mineral density, BMD)、骨体积分数(bone volume/total volume, BV/TV)、骨小梁数目(trabecular number, Tb. N)、骨小梁连接密度(connectivity density, Conn. D) 均明显增加。同时, TRAP阳性破骨细胞数量明显降低, 破骨分化相关蛋白及基因水平降低, 说明知柏地黄汤能抑制OVX后增强的破骨细胞活性。之后, 利用网络药理学构建知柏地黄汤活性化合物-作用靶点网络, 发现其活性成分的靶点基因与氧化应激通路密切相关。最后, 骨组织中氧化应激水平检测结果显示, 知柏地黄汤治疗后小鼠骨组织氧化应激产物4-羟基壬烯醛(4-hydroxynonenal, 4-HNE) 和丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA) 水平显著降低, 而抗氧化应激物谷胱甘肽(L-glutathione, GSH) 的水平升高。以上结果显示, 知柏地黄汤能够调控体内氧化应激水平抑制破骨活性而起到治疗PMOP的作用, 将为中医药防治PMOP提供理论依据。

绝经后骨质疏松症  /  氧化应激  /  破骨细胞  /  骨吸收  /  知柏地黄汤

In this study, the ovarian surgery (ovariectomy, OVX) was used to establish the osteoporosis mice model of primary menstruation, in order to evaluate the protective effects and mechanisms of Zhibai Dihuang decotion on postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP). The animal experimental protocol has been reviewed and approved by Laboratory Animal Ethics Committee of Jinan University (number: 20210315-03), in compliance with the Institutional Animal Care Guidelines. C57BL/6 mice were divided into five groups, including Sham group, OVX group, low (32 g·kg-1·day-1) and high dose (64 g·kg-1·day-1) of Zhibai Dihuang decotion groups, positive drug group (alendronate, 9.9 mg·kg-1·q3d). After modeling, mice were given medication intervention for 8 weeks, and then femoral and tibial tissues were taken to detect indicators such as bone microstructure, bone resorption, and oxidative stress. The experimental results showed that after Zhibai Dihuang decotion administration, the bone microstructure damage caused by OVX surgery was alleviated, and the relevant parameters bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume/total volume (BV/TV), trabecular number (Tb. N) and connectivity density (Conn. D) both significantly increased. At the same time, the number of TRAP positive osteoclasts decreased significantly, and the levels of proteins and genes related to osteoclast differentiation decreased, indicating that Zhibai Dihuang decoction could inhibit the increased activity of osteoclast caused by OVX. Afterwards, network pharmacology was used to construct the active compound action target network of Zhibai Dihuang decotion, and it was found that the target genes of its active ingredients were closely related to the oxidative stress pathway. Finally, the detection results of oxidative stress levels in bone tissues showed that after treatment with Zhibai Dihuang decotion, the levels of oxidative stress products 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in bone tissues of mice significantly decreased, while the levels of antioxidant stress substance L-glutathione (GSH) increased. These above results indicated that Zhibai Dihuang decotion can regulate the level of oxidative stress in the body and inhibit osteoclast activity, which played a therapeutic role in PMOP, as well as provided theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of PMOP with traditional Chinese medicine.

postmenopausal osteoporosis  /  oxidative stress  /  osteoclast  /  bone resorption  /  Zhibai Dihuang decoction
江曼亚, 叶悦, 张琼谊, 罗淦清, 邓文喆, 王萌, 栗原博, 何剑波, 李怡芳, 何蓉蓉. 知柏地黄汤治疗绝经后骨质疏松的机制研究. 药学学报, 2023 , 58 (10) : 3040 -3048 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0574
Man-ya JIANG, Yue YE, Qiong-yi ZHANG, Gan-qing LUO, Wen-zhe DENG, Meng WANG, Kurihara HIROSHI, Jian-bo HE, Yi-fang LI, Rong-rong HE. Mechanism of Zhibai Dihuang decotion in treating postmenopausal osteoporosis[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2023 , 58 (10) : 3040 -3048 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0574
绝经后骨质疏松症(postmenopausal osteoporosis, PMOP) 是一种全身代谢性骨骼疾病, 主要发生于绝经后女性。其核心发病机制在于体内雌激素水平下降导致破骨细胞(osteoclast, OC) 活性增强, 大于机体的成骨效应, 引发骨重塑紊乱[1]。根据2018年国家卫生健康委员会的流行病学调查结果显示, 我国50岁以上女性骨质疏松患病率高达32.1%, 带来日益严峻的健康问题[2]。目前, PMOP的临床治疗药物主要有雌激素调节剂和双膦酸盐类药物, 但多项研究指出长期服用雌激素类药物容易增加乳腺癌、子宫内膜癌的风险[3], 双膦酸盐类药物易诱发下颌骨坏死的毒副作用[4]。而中医药在治疗骨病方面具有效果明显、无毒副作用的优势, 因此对于PMOP的治疗具有较高的潜力。
“骨质疏松”在中医理论隶属于“骨枯”、“骨痿”范畴。中医认为“肾藏精, 主骨生髓”, 肾精充足, 则骨髓化生有源而骨壮, 故“肾精亏虚”为骨质疏松发病的发病机制。《素问·阴阳应象大论》中对绝经—“天癸竭”进行了详细描述: “七七任脉虚, 太冲脉衰少, 天癸竭, 地道不通, 故形坏, 而无子也”, 即女子在天癸绝后, 会出现明显肾虚症状, 伴随有潮热盗汗、五心烦热、心烦少寐、急躁易怒和头晕等围绝经期表现, 呈现出典型的“阴虚内热”证候[5, 6], 提示“阴虚内热”是PMOP发病早期的主要病机, 而具有补肾益精、滋阴降火功效的中药复方能发挥有效治疗作用。
知柏地黄汤是具有补肾益精、滋阴降火作用的经典名方, 临床研究结果提示, 知柏地黄丸对子宫及双附件切除术后引起的以“阴虚内热”证候为主的绝经综合征的疗效明确[5], 说明知柏地黄汤对早期“阴虚内热”型PMOP具有潜在的治疗作用。尽管目前尚有一些关于知柏地黄丸治疗骨质疏松的研究, 但大多为知柏地黄丸联合其他药物治疗, 关于知柏地黄汤对PMOP的单独治疗作用尚未得到有效证实, 且机制更不明确。因此, 本研究通过卵巢摘除手术(ovariectomy, OVX) 模拟临床PMOP, 建立原发性绝经后“阴虚内热”证的骨质疏松模型, 并运用经典名方知柏地黄汤进行干预, 明确知柏地黄汤对PMOP模型的药效, 并进一步探讨其机制, 以期为PMOP的防治提供切实证据和有效策略。
试剂  知柏地黄汤方药(黄柏: 220300232, 知母: 220200108, 山茱萸: 220100121, 牡丹皮: 211200511, 茯苓: 220101321, 泽泻: 211102012, 山药: 220101219, 地黄: 220202517, 康美药业股份有限公司); 阿仑膦酸钠(MB1006-1, 大连美仑生物技术有限公司); 丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA) 试剂盒、伊红染液和苏木素染液(S0131、C0109、C0107, 上海碧云天生物技术有限公司); 谷胱甘肽(L-glutathione, GSH)试剂盒(A006-2-1, 南京建成生物工程研究所有限公司); TRAP染色液(GYLS025, 武汉谷歌生物科技有限公司); SYBR Green qPCR Mix (AQ141-01, 北京全式金生物技术股份有限公司); 4-羟基壬烯醛(4-hydroxynonenal, 4-HNE) 抗体(ab46545, 英国Abcam公司); 活化T细胞核因子(nuclear factor of activated T-cells, NFATc1) 抗体、原癌基因Fos (c-Fos) 抗体和组织蛋白酶K (cathepsin K, CTSK) 抗体(sc-7294、sc-166940、sc-48353, 美国Santa Cruz公司); BCA检测试剂盒(SLZ60212, 美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司)。
仪器  多功能酶标仪(芬兰Labsystems公司); 石蜡切片机(德国Leica公司); 全自动切片扫描显微镜(德国Precipoint公司); 组织匀浆机(上海净信科技公司); 超声波细胞破碎仪(宁波新芝生物科技公司); 荧光定量PCR仪(美国BioRad公司); PCR分析仪(杭州朗基科学仪器有限公司); 超微量紫外光度计(美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司)。
动物  11周龄SPF级C57BL/6J小鼠, 购自广州锐格生物科技有限公司, 实验动物许可证编号: SCXK (粤) 2021-0059。并在温度为20~23 ℃、相对湿度为55%的环境下饲养, 每天明暗交替12 h。将所有小鼠随机分笼, 自由饮食饮水, 实验前适应性喂养1周。实验方案经暨南大学动物实验伦理委员会批准(批准号: 20210315-03), 所有程序均严格按照动物使用和护理的伦理原则进行。
药物配制  知柏地黄汤总生药量为123 g (熟地黄24 g, 山萸肉12 g, 山药12 g, 泽泻9 g, 牡丹皮9 g, 茯苓9 g, 知母24 g, 黄柏24 g), 药材先使用蒸馏水洗净并浸泡30 min, 再加入500 mL蒸馏水大火煎开, 文火煎40 min, 煎熬2次后汤药合并, 然后过滤, 4 000 r·min-1离心10 min, 去沉淀, 上清使用浓缩仪进行浓缩, 按照成人用量的2倍和4倍用量浓缩定容, -20 ℃分装密封保存备用。阳性药选用阿仑膦酸钠, 用蒸馏水溶解后, 4 ℃密封保存备用。使用前置于60 ℃水浴锅中预热, 自然降温至37 ℃即可灌胃。
模型制备、分组及取材  小鼠随机分为5组, 每组6只, 包括假手术组(Sham)、卵巢摘除模型组(OVX)、知柏地黄汤低剂量组(ZBDH-L)、知柏地黄汤高剂量组(ZBDH-H) 和阳性药阿仑膦酸钠组(ALN)。适应性饲养1周后, 使用0.3%戊巴比妥钠麻醉小鼠, 进行OVX手术。其中, Sham组消毒后剥离软组织至卵巢, 但不切除卵巢; OVX组和药物组均切除双侧卵巢。Sham组和OVX模型组每日灌注0.2 mL生理盐水。根据知柏地黄汤的临床给药剂量, 按体表面积换算小鼠的基础剂量为15.99 g·kg-1, 约等于16 g·kg-1, 低剂量和高剂量分别为此基础剂量的2倍和4倍, 即按照32和64 g·kg-1进行给药, 每日1次灌胃, 每次0.2 mL。阿仑膦酸钠给药剂量设定为9.9 mg·kg-1, 每3天灌胃给药1次,每次0.2 mL, 其余2天同Sham组灌胃。所有组共干预8周。小鼠麻醉处死后取一侧股骨进行micro-CT检测, 此侧胫骨与另侧股骨及胫骨放-80 ℃冰箱备存行Western blot、qRT-PCR及MDA等检测。
micro-CT分析小鼠骨微结构  4%多聚甲醛固定股骨24 h, 换成75%乙醇4 ℃冰箱保存, 采用micro-CT (Skyscan 1176) 仪器进行体外扫描。扫描结果先利用NRecon软件对股骨远端一侧进行三维重建, 再用Data Viewer软件调整位置, 最后用CTan软件进行骨小梁相关参数分析, 并用CTvox制作3D图像。
股骨病理学观察  将micro-CT扫描后的股骨置于10% EDTA脱钙液中, 充分脱钙后进行脱水, 石蜡包埋, 切片(厚度为4 μm), 65 ℃烤片, 二甲苯脱蜡, 梯度水化, 苏木素染色3 min, 冲洗干净后再置于伊红染液中10 s, 后进行梯度脱水, 中性树脂封片, 置于40倍扫描显微镜下扫描观察。
TRAP染色  取股骨切片, 烤片、脱蜡、水化步骤与前面一致, 再放入湿盒, 用组化笔在组织外部画圈, 向组织滴加TRAP染色液, 37 ℃孵育3 h。孵育完成后置入蒸馏水洗净残留染液, 再置于苏木素染液中复染3 min, 后进行梯度脱水, 中性树脂封片, 置于40倍扫描显微镜下扫描观察。
蛋白质印记检测NFATc1、c-Fos、CTSK、4-HNE表达情况  将小鼠股骨于液氮中研磨, 匀浆裂解, 用BCA试剂盒测定蛋白浓度, 计算30 μg蛋白的所需体积用于SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳, 制胶, 电泳, 转膜, 5%脱脂牛奶封闭, TBST洗膜; 稀释NFATc1、c-Fos、CTSK、4-HNE、β-actin抗体, 4 ℃摇床孵育过夜; TBST洗膜, 1∶5 000比例稀释山羊抗兔二抗和鼠二抗, 置于摇床室温孵育2 h, TBST洗膜, 最后置于现配的ECL发光液曝光显影。条带应用Image J软件分析相对灰度值, 以目的蛋白灰度值/β-actin灰度值来代表。
qRT-PCR检测Nfatc1C-fosAcp5 mRNA的表达情况  取部分研磨后骨组织, 加入Trizol匀浆裂解, 提取RNA, 测定浓度并确定反转录体积; 按说明书方法反转录为cDNA。采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR) 分析基因的表达水平, 并以内参基因Gapdh衡量目的基因的相对表达量。反应程序为: 95 ℃, 60 s; 95 ℃, 15 s; 60 ℃, 30 s, 共39个循环。实验中所用到的引物由上海生工生物有限公司合成, 引物序列见表 1
试剂盒测定骨组织MDA含量  取部分研磨后骨组织, 提取蛋白并用BCA法测定浓度; 按说明书配制TBA储存液、MDA检测工作液并制作不同浓度标准品, 体系充分混匀后, 水浴锅100 ℃加热15 min, 酶标仪测定540 nm下吸光度值, 并计算MDA含量。
试剂盒测定骨组织GSH含量  取部分研磨后骨组织, 按说明书制备样品, 配制反应体系, 充分反应后用酶标仪测定405 nm下吸光度值, 并计算GSH含量。
统计学分析  实验数据以平均值±标准差(x ± s) 进行表示, 组间比较采用GraphPad Prism 7.0软件单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA) 进行统计分析。以P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。
手术过程中无麻醉及术后小鼠死亡, 在整个灌胃干预过程中, 无小鼠死亡。从小鼠给药第1周起, 每周定时记录小鼠的体质量, 计算小鼠体质量变化率。实验结果见图 1A, 各组间体重变化无明显差异。micro-CT的结果见图 1BC, 相较于Sham组小鼠, OVX术后的小鼠股骨骨小梁遭到明显损伤, 相关指标骨密度(bone mineral density, BMD)、骨体积分数(bone volume/total volume, BV/TV)、骨小梁数目(trabecular number, Tb. N)、骨小梁连接密度(connectivity density, Conn. D) 均显著下降, 提示造模成功。在给予低、高剂量知柏地黄汤后能明显增加松质骨BMD、BV/TV、Tb. N和Conn. D, 且高剂量组治疗效果明显优于低剂量组。此外, ALN组小鼠股骨的松质骨相关指标均增加, 其中BMD、BV/TV和Tb. N甚至超过Sham组。以上结果表明, 知柏地黄汤能保护OVX所致的骨微结构损伤, 其效果略弱于ALN。
HE染色结果如图 2所示, 与Sham组相比, OVX小鼠股骨骨干骺端和骨干均出现网状结构, 骨小梁松质骨明显变细、数目减少, 形态学异常。与OVX组相比, 给予低、高剂量知柏地黄汤治疗后, 股骨远端网状结构消失, 松质骨宽度变厚、增多, 形态学得到一定恢复, 且高剂量组的作用效果更为明显, 生长板则无明显变化。而ALN组小鼠的股骨远端不仅形态学恢复正常, 生长板也明显增厚, 骨量显著升高。该结果与micro-CT分析的趋势相一致, 进一步佐证了知柏地黄汤对OVX术后骨微结构的破坏具有一定的保护作用, 但作用效果弱于ALN。
为探究知柏地黄汤对体内破骨细胞活性的影响, 本研究对小鼠股骨进行反映破骨细胞特异性TRAP染色, 染色结果如图 3所示。与Sham组相比, OVX小鼠股骨干骺端小梁末端酒红色区域明显分布更广, 阳性破骨细胞数目增多。而给予低、高剂量知柏地黄汤后, 小鼠股骨TRAP阳性破骨细胞的数目和分布密度下降, 且高剂量组作用效果更为明显。此外, ALN组的破骨细胞阳性率更低。以上研究结果表明, 知柏地黄汤能够降低由雌激素缺乏所诱导的破骨细胞活性增高, 从而发挥骨保护作用, 作用效果略弱于ALN。
Western blot结果如图 4A所示, 与Sham组相比, OVX小鼠骨组织的骨吸收相关蛋白NFATc1、c-Fos、CTSK蛋白水平上调, 破骨细胞分化活性增加, 骨丢失加速, 给予低剂量知柏地黄汤后, c-Fos蛋白水平下降, NFATc1和CTSK则无显著差异, 而高剂量知柏地黄汤则能显著抑制NFATc1、c-Fos、CTSK 3种蛋白的表达。此外, ALN对这3种蛋白的抑制作用更为明显, 甚至低于假手术组, 这与TRAP染色结果一致。qRT-PCR结果如图 4B所示, 与Sham组相比, OVX组Nfatc1C-fosAcp5 mRNA水平均上调, 破骨细胞分化活性增加, 而在给予了低、高剂量知柏地黄汤及ALN治疗后, Nfatc1C-fos mRNA的表达水平显著下降, 破骨分化被抑制, 高剂量组的抑制作用强于低剂量组。此外, 低剂量知柏地黄汤对Acp5 mRNA的表达无明显效果, 而高剂量则能显著抑制其表达水平。以上结果在分子生物学水平上进一步佐证知柏地黄汤和ALN能通过抑制破骨细胞分化而发挥抗骨质疏松作用。
使用TCMSP数据库对知柏地黄汤中的活性成分进行检索, 并通过Cytoscape软件构建知柏地黄汤活性化合物-作用靶点网络, 如图 5A所示, 以药物口服利用度(OB) ≥ 30%, 类药性(DL) ≥ 0.18为条件, 共筛选出多个单体成分, 其中熟地黄含有2个, 山茱萸含有20个, 山药含有16个, 泽泻含有10个, 茯苓含有15个, 牡丹皮含有11个, 知母含有15个, 黄柏含有37个。之后, 利用TCMSP数据库进一步挖掘这些化合物所靶向的基因, 共计245个(图 5A)。最后, 利用Geneontology数据库将这些靶点基因进行信号通路关联分析, 结果如图 5B所示, 知柏地黄汤中活性成分的靶点基因涉及氧化应激、细胞凋亡等相关通路, 这提示知柏地黄汤可能通过调节机体的氧化应激水平, 从而发挥骨保护作用。
为进一步验证知柏地黄汤对OVX小鼠骨组织中氧化应激水平的调控作用, 本研究分别采用Western blot技术和试剂盒检测骨组织中氧化应激产物4-HNE水平和MDA含量, 用试剂盒检测抗氧化物GSH的水平。结果如图 6所示, 与Sham组相比, OVX小鼠骨组织中4-HNE、MDA的水平明显升高, 而GSH的水平降低, 说明骨质疏松小鼠骨骼的氧化应激水平增加。而在给予低、高剂量知柏地黄汤和ALN治疗后, 4-HNE与MDA水平显著下降。同时, 低剂量知柏地黄汤对GSH水平的作用不明显, 而高剂量知柏地黄汤和ALN能显著增加GSH水平。以上结果表明, 知柏地黄汤和ALN能显著降低OVX诱导骨组织中升高的氧化应激状态。
PMOP是妇女绝经后常见的骨骼代谢性疾病, 以骨微结构破坏、骨量丢失、骨脆性增加、骨折风险升高为主要发病特点[7], 其发病机制主要与体内雌激素水平的下降有关。雌激素在女性身体中起重要的调节作用, 它不仅能促进成骨细胞的生长和分化[8], 还能抑制破骨细胞的活动[9], 从而维持骨量的平衡。但在绝经后, 卵巢逐渐停止分泌雌激素, 导致血液中雌激素水平持续下降, 破骨细胞活性增高, 骨吸收活力增加, 而骨生成减少, 最终导致骨量的减少和骨密度的降低, 诱发骨质疏松症状[10]。因此, 抑制破骨细胞的活性, 一直是治疗PMOP的重要策略。双磷酸盐类药物是治疗骨质疏松症的一线用药, 主要通过抑制破骨细胞活动来减缓骨质流失的速度。研究表明, 长期使用双膦酸盐药物会使骨质变得更加脆弱, 增加骨折的风险, 甚至引起严重颌骨坏死等骨骼问题[11]。因此, 寻找新的具有低毒副作用的PMOP有效治疗药物具有重要意义, 而中医药在此具有巨大潜力。
在中医理论中, 骨质疏松属于“骨痿”、“骨蚀”范畴, “肾精亏虚”是该病的主要发病机制, 补肾益精的方药具有治疗该病的作用[12]。但现在大多认为补肾益精的方药是通过增强成骨细胞活性, 增加新骨形成而达到抑制骨质疏松的效用, 对于破骨细胞活性的影响尚不十分明确。石印玉等[13]早期通过比较不同的经典方药, 明确提出知柏地黄丸对破骨细胞的活性具有显著的抑制作用。现代药理学研究也显示, 知柏地黄丸含有许多抑制破骨细胞分化的活性成分[14-16]。这些研究为知柏地黄汤治疗PMOP奠定了较好的理论基础。但是, 目前尚无研究明确指出知柏地黄丸对于PMOP的单独疗效, 其作用机制更有待进一步探索。
因此, 本研究通过OVX手术模拟临床PMOP发病, 并运用经典名方知柏地黄汤进行干预, 利用现代科学技术手段对OVX小鼠进行药效评价。实验结果表明, 与OVX组相比, 给予知柏地黄汤后小鼠股骨BMD、BV/TV、Tb. N、Conn. D水平明显增加, 骨量增加, 骨微结构破坏得到改善。为进一步验证知柏地黄汤是否影响破骨细胞的活性, 采用破骨细胞特异性TRAP染色发现, OVX小鼠骨组织中的破骨细胞数量明显增多, 而经知柏地黄汤干预后, 破骨细胞的数量与分布明显减少, 活性受到抑制。同时, Western blot和qRT-PCR实验结果显示, 破骨相关蛋白NFATc1、c-Fos、CTSK及相关基因Nfatc1C-fosAcp5的表达在知柏地黄汤干预下显著下降, 进一步说明知柏地黄汤能通过抑制破骨细胞活性发挥抗骨质疏松作用。
为进一步探究知柏地黄汤抗骨质疏松的机制, 本研究利用TCMSP数据库搜集知柏地黄汤的化学成分, 绘制活性化合物与靶点的互作网络, 并对这些靶点进行GO富集分析。网络药理学结果显示, 知柏地黄汤中活性成分的靶点基因涉及氧化应激等相关通路。氧化应激指机体内氧化和抗氧化系统失衡出现氧化增强的状态, 近年来被视为骨质疏松症的重要诱发因子[17], 其状态的出现主要源于活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS) 的累积[18]。临床受试结果表明, 氧化应激和骨质疏松症存在因果关系, 监测氧化应激相关生物标志物有利于骨质疏松症的早期诊断和预后, 预防疾病的发生和发展[19]。氧化应激产物如MDA和4-HNE被认为是骨折患者应激反应系统的重要组成部分[20], 与骨代谢密切相关。研究表明, 知柏地黄汤在体内具有抗氧化应激作用, 张继红等[21]发现服用知柏地黄丸的大鼠心肌和骨骼肌中总抗氧化能力(total antioxidant capacity, TAC)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD) 指标值显著升高, 而MDA含量明显降低; 邱堃等[22]通过检测知柏地黄丸治疗的甲亢患者血清发现, 抗氧化酶SOD和GPX的活性增加, 而MDA的水平则明显降低。此外, 知柏地黄丸的抗氧化活性成分如芒果苷[23]、小檗碱[24]、地黄苷[25]、梓醇[26]等可以不同程度地抑制破骨细胞的成熟, 进一步提示知柏地黄汤对骨质疏松的疗效可能是通过其抗氧化功能实现的。因此, 本研究对小鼠骨组织中的氧化应激水平进行检测, 发现与模型组相比, 服用知柏地黄汤的小鼠骨组织的4-HNE和MDA水平显著下降, GSH水平升高, 提示知柏地黄汤能通过调控氧化应激水平而对PMOP发挥一定的治疗作用。
综上所述, 本研究阐明知柏地黄汤能通过抑制破骨细胞活性发挥抗PMOP作用, 并基于活性成分-靶点的网络药理学分析与氧化应激水平测定结果, 发现知柏地黄汤可能通过调控氧化应激水平, 降低氧化应激产物的生成, 从而发挥抑制破骨细胞活性及抗PMOP作用。这将为知柏地黄汤及相关中医药防治PMOP提供切实的疗效数据支撑及治疗靶点新思路, 但关于其更深入的分子机制还有待进一步探究。
作者贡献: 何蓉蓉、李怡芳、何剑波和栗原博负责实验设计和指导; 江曼亚、叶悦、何剑波进行论文的整体实验、数据分析和论文撰写; 张琼谊、罗淦清、邓文喆、王萌协助实验完成和论文修稿。
利益冲突: 所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突。
  • 国家自然科学基金青年基金资助项目(82104898)
  • 中国博士后科学基金面上资助项目(2021M701442)
  • 广州市基础与应用基础研究项目(202201011552)
  • 广东省中医药局面上项目(20221180)
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2023年第58卷第10期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0574
  • 接收时间:2023-05-06
  • 首发时间:2025-11-21
  • 出版时间:2023-10-12
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  • 收稿日期:2023-05-06
  • 修回日期:2023-05-16
基金
国家自然科学基金青年基金资助项目(82104898)
中国博士后科学基金面上资助项目(2021M701442)
广州市基础与应用基础研究项目(202201011552)
广东省中医药局面上项目(20221180)
作者信息
    1.暨南大学, 广东省疾病易感性及中医药研发工程技术研究中心, 广东 广州 510632
    2.暨南大学中医学院, 广东 广州 510632
    3.暨南大学中西医结合博士后流动站, 广东 广州 510632
    4.广州中医药大学第二附属医院广东省中医院, 广东 广州 510120

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*何蓉蓉, Tel: 86-20-85221559, E-mail: ;
何剑波, Tel: 86-20-81887233, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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