Article(id=1201177209496105915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1201177206518145841, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0520, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1682524800000, receivedDateStr=2023-04-27, revisedDate=1693843200000, revisedDateStr=2023-09-05, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764312563537, onlineDateStr=2025-11-28, pubDate=1704988800000, pubDateStr=2024-01-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764312563537, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764312563536, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764312563536, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1201177206518145841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2024', volume='59', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='268', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764312562826, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764312760268, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1201178034725417827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1201177206518145841, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1201178034725417828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1201177206518145841, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=105, endPage=118, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1201177210771174383, articleId=1201177209496105915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Mechanism studies underlying the alleviatory effects of isoliquiritigenin on abnormal glucolipid metabolism triggered by type 2 diabetes, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Isoliquiritigenin (ISL) is an active chalcone compound isolated from licorice. It possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities. In our previous study, we uncovered a great potential of ISL in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Therefore, this study aims to reveal the mechanism underlying the alleviatory effects of ISL on T2DM-induced glycolipid metabolism disorder. High-fat-high-sugar diet (HFD) combined with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) were used to establish T2DM mice model. All animal experiments were carried out with approval of the Committee of Ethics at Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. HepG2 cells were used in in vitro experiments, and sodium palmitate (SP) was applied to establish insulin resistance (IR) model cells. The effects of ISL on body weight, fasting blood glucose levels, and pathological changes in the livers of mice were examined. Enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) were applied to detect the regulatory effects of ISL on key targets involved in glucolipid metabolism. Additionally, molecular docking and analytical dynamics simulation methods were used to analyze the interaction between ISL and key target protein. The results indicate that ISL significantly downregulates the transcriptional levels and inhibits the activities of key enzymes involved in gluconeogenesis, including pyruvate carboxylase (PC), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), and fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase (FBP). It also downregulates the transcriptional and protein levels of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), the two transcriptional factors involved in gluconeogenesis. Thus, ISL inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis in T2DM mice. In addition, ISL reduces total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels in the livers of T2DM mice. Moreover, ISL downregulates the mRNA levels of lipogenesis genes and upregulates those of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation, lipid uptake, and lipid export. In conclusion, ISL suppresses hepatic gluconeogenesis, promotes lipolysis, and restrains lipogenesis in T2DM mice, thereby improving the abnormal glycolipid metabolism caused by T2DM.
, correspAuthors=Ping HE, Ying LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Zi-yi CHEN, Xiao-xue YANG, Wen-wen DING, Dou-dou WANG, Ping HE, Ying LIU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1201177213065457777, articleId=1201177209496105915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=异甘草素改善2型糖尿病异常糖脂代谢机制研究, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
异甘草素(isoliquiritigenin, ISL) 是甘草中的一种查尔酮类化合物, 具有良好的抗炎和抗氧化等药理活性。课题组前期研究发现, ISL具有改善2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus, T2DM) 糖脂代谢紊乱的潜力, 因此本文拟解析其作用机制。体内实验采用高脂高糖饮食结合腹腔注射链脲佐菌素的方法处理C57BL/6J小鼠, 构建T2DM小鼠模型, 动物福利和实验过程均遵循北京中医药大学实验动物伦理委员会的规定; 体外实验以人肝癌HepG2细胞作为实验细胞系, 采用棕榈酸钠(sodium palmitate, SP) 诱导构建胰岛素抵抗(insulin resistance, IR) 细胞模型。考察ISL对小鼠体重、空腹血糖、肝脏组织病理变化的作用效果, 同时利用酶联免疫吸附法(enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay, ELISA) 及实时荧光定量PCR法(real-time quantitative PCR, RT-qPCR) 等检测ISL对糖脂代谢关键靶点的调控作用, 并利用分子对接和分子动力学模拟对ISL与关键靶点的相互作用进行检验。结果显示: ISL可显著降低T2DM小鼠空腹血糖水平, 降低糖异生途径关键酶丙酮酸羧化酶(pyruvate carboxylase, PC)、磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶(phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, PEPCK) 和果糖-1, 6-二磷酸酶(fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase, FBP) 的转录水平和蛋白活性, 下调转录因子肝细胞核因子4α (hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α, HNF4α) 与cAMP反应元件结合蛋白(cAMP response element binding protein, CREB) 的转录和蛋白水平, 从而抑制T2DM小鼠肝脏糖异生; ISL可降低肝脏总胆固醇(total cholesterol, TC) 和甘油三酯(triglycerides, TG) 含量, 上调脂质摄取、脂肪酸氧化和脂质输出相关基因的转录水平, 下调脂质合成相关基因的转录水平。综上, ISL可抑制T2DM小鼠肝脏糖异生, 促进脂质分解, 抑制脂质合成, 改善T2DM引起的糖脂代谢紊乱。
, correspAuthors=何平, 刘颖, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
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The scheme of animal experiments. A: The chemical structure of isoliquiritigenin (ISL); B: The chemical structure of metformin (MET), the positive drug; C: The scheme of animal model establishment, grouping, and administration. NFD: Normal fat diet; HFD: High-fat-high-sugar diet; i.p.: Intraperitoneal injection; CB: Citrate buffer; STZ: Streptozotocin; CMC: Carboxymethyl cellulose , figureFileSmall=vkx80jGvau5eSl+LZhy9NQ==, figureFileBig=CN4cR9sW47Uk5Ohczmrhfg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201177217041658320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177209496105915, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=jrkbqcnzhWUmtTFIMhDRag==, figureFileBig=/F7uBRCU9XhuLT8PyqlK6w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201177217150710231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177209496105915, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption=
ISL alleviates abnormal glucolipid metabolism in T2DM mice. A: The body weight changes during drug administration; B: The fasting blood glucose level changes during drug administration; C: Histological features of the livers, the scale bar stands for 1 cm; D: Oil red O-stained liver sections (20×), the scale bar stands for 50 μm; E: TC and TG levels in the livers. n = 6, $ \stackrel{-}{x} $ ± s. $P < 0.05, $$$P < 0.001;***P < 0.001 vs CTRL-Vehicle; #P < 0.05, ###P < 0.001 vs T2DM-Vehicle. T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; TC: Total cholesterol; TG: Triglycerides , figureFileSmall=jrkbqcnzhWUmtTFIMhDRag==, figureFileBig=/F7uBRCU9XhuLT8PyqlK6w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201177217301705179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177209496105915, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=qe0qlvMchbG3NHxoQY1fNA==, figureFileBig=AeL15pHDEuOita7dCzEOlA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201177217393979876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177209496105915, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption=
ISL alleviates abnormal glucolipid metabolism in HepG2 cells. A: Cell viability with ISL treatment; B: Cell viability with MET treatment; C: The glucose levels in the medium culturing normal or IR model HepG2 cells; D: The glucose production of normal or IR model HepG2 cells; E, F: the TC and TG levels in the normal or IR model HepG2 cells. n = 3-5, $ \stackrel{-}{x} $ ± s. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs CTRL group; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, ###P < 0.001 vs IR model group. SP: Sodium palmitate , figureFileSmall=qe0qlvMchbG3NHxoQY1fNA==, figureFileBig=AeL15pHDEuOita7dCzEOlA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201177217477865963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177209496105915, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=jA93A62fA9ri/HxnGyQwmg==, figureFileBig=T6qKj6zTt4tNTAIt4Dcn4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201177217574334960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177209496105915, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption=
ISL inhibits gluconeogenesis in the livers of T2DM mice and cultured HepG2 cells without SP stimulation. A: Relative mRNA levels of Pcx and PC; B: Protein activities of PC; C: Relative mRNA levels of Pck 1 and PEPCK; D: Protein activities of PEPCK; E: Relative mRNA levels of Fbp1 and FBP; F: Protein activities of FBP; G: Relative mRNA levels of Pfkfb3 and PFKFB3; H: Protein levels of PFKFB3; I: Relative mRNA levels of Hnf4α and HNF4α; J: Protein levels of HNF4α; K: Relative mRNA levels of Creb1 and CREB; L: Protein levels of CREB in the livers of mice and the relative p-CREB/CREB in cultured HepG2 cells. n = 6 (in vivo data), n = 3 (in vitro data), $ \stackrel{-}{x} $ ± s. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs CTRL-Vehicle; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, ###P < 0.001 vs T2DM-Vehicle , figureFileSmall=jA93A62fA9ri/HxnGyQwmg==, figureFileBig=T6qKj6zTt4tNTAIt4Dcn4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201177217721135604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177209496105915, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=yFPXSMsTwQpWditxOzgCCQ==, figureFileBig=kG8D3EKztm+hUdZvwQ5gRg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201177217834381820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177209496105915, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption=
ISL enhances the mRNA levels of lipolysis and FFA oxidation genes, inhibits those of lipogenesis genes, and increases those of lipid uptake and export genes in HepG2 cells. A: Relative mRNA levels of lipolysis gene (ATGL) and FFA oxidation genes (PPARα, ACOS, CPT1, ACOX1, and LCAD); B: Relative mRNA levels of lipogenesis genes (SREBP1c, chREBP, ACC1, FAS, HMGR, and HMGS); C: Relative mRNA levels of lipid uptake gene (CD36); D: Relative mRNA levels of lipid export genes (MTTP and APOB). n = 3, $ \stackrel{-}{x} $ ± s. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs CTRL group , figureFileSmall=yFPXSMsTwQpWditxOzgCCQ==, figureFileBig=kG8D3EKztm+hUdZvwQ5gRg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201177217918267909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177209496105915, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=+bE3MoTska3wK/UsXcDjqA==, figureFileBig=cnxF/MI3Zr8vyyAICLqMog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201177218006348299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177209496105915, language=CN, label=Figure 6, caption=
Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation of ISL and PEPCK. A: Three-dimensional structure diagram of ISL and PEPCK protein molecule docking (PDB ID: 2gmv); B, C: Two-dimensional structure diagrams of the protoligand/ISL and PEPCK protein molecule docking, respectively; D-G: The RMSD values, Rg, SASA, and RMSF values of the PEPCK protein and PEPCK-ISL complexes, respectively. ▲/▼represents amino acid residues with the same effect in the protoligand and ISL. RMSD: Root mean square deviation; Rg: Radius of gyration; SASA: Solvent accessible surface area; RMSF: Root mean square fluctuation , figureFileSmall=+bE3MoTska3wK/UsXcDjqA==, figureFileBig=cnxF/MI3Zr8vyyAICLqMog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201177218119594514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177209496105915, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Sample | Gene | Forward primer 5′-3′ | Reverse primer 5′-3′ |
| Mice liver | Pcx | GCCCAGAAGTTGCTACATTACCT | CTCACATTGACAGGGATTGGA |
| Pck1 | CACCATCACCTCCTGGAAGA | GGGTGCAGAATCTCGAGTTG |
| Fbp1 | GTGTCAACTGCTTCATGCTG | GAGATACTCATTGATGGCAGGG |
| Pfkfb3 | CAACTCCCCAACCGTGATTGT | TGAGGTAGCGAGTCAGCTTCT |
| Hnf4α | ATGCGACTCTCTAAAACCCTTG | ACCTTCAGATGGGGACGTGT |
| Creb1 | CAGGGGTGCCAAGGATTGAAG | ACTGCTAGTTTGGTAAATGGGG |
| Gapdh | TGGGCATGAACCATGAGAAG | CCACGATGCCGAAGTTGTC |
| Human HepG2 cell | PC | GATGCAGGGGTCCGGTTTATT | GAAGCCGTAGGTGTTGGAGA |
| PEPCK | AGTAGAGAGCAAGACGGTGAT | TGCTGAATGGAAGCACATACAT |
| FBP | CGCGCACCTCTATGGCATT | TTCTTCTGACACGAGAACACAC |
| PFKFB3 | ATTGCGGTTTTCGATGCCAC | GCCACAACTGTAGGGTCGT |
| HNF4α | CGAAGGTCAAGCTATGAGGACA | ATCTGCGATGCTGGCAATCT |
| CREB | CCACTGTAACGGTGCCAACT | GCTGCATTGGTCATGGTTAATGT |
| PPARα | CCTGCAAGAAATGGGAAACATC | GCCAGGACAGCTTCCTAAAT |
| ACOX1 | TGTCCTATTTGAACGACCTGCCCA | AGGTTCCAAGCTACCTCCTTGCTT |
| LCAD | GATTAAAAGCCCAGGATACCGC | AGGTGAGCAACTGTTTTGCCA |
| ATGL | GAGATGTGCAAGCAGGGATAC | CTGCGAGTAATCCTCCGCT |
| ACOS | CGACGAGCCCTTGGTGTATTT | GGTTTCCGAGAGCCTAAACAA |
| CPT1 | ATCAATCGGACTCTGGAAACGG | TCAGGGAGTAGCGCATGGT |
| SREBP1c | ATCGGCGCGGAAGCTGTCGGGGTAG | ACTGTCTTGGTTGTTGATGAGCTGGA |
| chREBP | AAGATCCGCCTGAACAACG | CACTTGTGGTATTCCCGCATC |
| ACC1 | GCCTCTTCCTGACAAACGAG | TGACTGCCGAAACATCTCTG |
| FAS | CCCTTGATGAAGAGGGATCA | ACTCCACAGGTGGGAACAAG |
| HMGR | TGATTGACCTTTCCAGAGCAAG | CTAAAATTGCCATTCCACGAGC |
| HMGS | CATTAGACCGCTGCTATTCTGTC | TTCAGCAACATCCGAGCTAGA |
| CD36 | CTTTGGCTTAATGAGACTGGGAC | GCAACAAACATCACCACACCA |
| MTTP | ACAAGCTCACGTACTCCACTG | TCCTCCATAGTAAGGCCCACATC |
| APOB | TGCTCCACTCACTTTACCGTC | TAGCGTCCAGTGTGTACTGAC |
| β-Actin | GAGAAAATCTGGCACCACACC | GATAGCACAGCCTGGATAGCAA |
), ArticleFig(id=1201177218203480599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177209496105915, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=
The primers used for RT-qPCR analyses. Pcx: Pyruvate carboxylase; Pck1: Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1; Fbp1: Fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase 1; Pfkfb3: Phosphofructokinase-2/fructose-2, 6-bisphosphatase 3; Hnf4α: Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α; Creb1: cAMP response element binding protein 1; Gapdh: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; PPARα: Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α; ACOX1: Acyl-CoA oxidase 1; LCAD: Long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase; ATGL: Adipose triglyceride lipase; ACOS: Acyl-CoA synthetase; CPT1: Carnitine palmitoyl transferases 1; SREBP1c: Sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c; chREBP: Carbohydrate response element binding protein; ACC1: Acetyl CoA carboxylase 1; FAS: Fatty acid synthase; HMGR: 3-Hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl-CoA reductase; HMGS: 3-Hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl-CoA synthase; CD36: Cluster of differentiation 36; MTTP: Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein; APOB: Apolipoprotein B
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Sample | Gene | Forward primer 5′-3′ | Reverse primer 5′-3′ |
| Mice liver | Pcx | GCCCAGAAGTTGCTACATTACCT | CTCACATTGACAGGGATTGGA |
| Pck1 | CACCATCACCTCCTGGAAGA | GGGTGCAGAATCTCGAGTTG |
| Fbp1 | GTGTCAACTGCTTCATGCTG | GAGATACTCATTGATGGCAGGG |
| Pfkfb3 | CAACTCCCCAACCGTGATTGT | TGAGGTAGCGAGTCAGCTTCT |
| Hnf4α | ATGCGACTCTCTAAAACCCTTG | ACCTTCAGATGGGGACGTGT |
| Creb1 | CAGGGGTGCCAAGGATTGAAG | ACTGCTAGTTTGGTAAATGGGG |
| Gapdh | TGGGCATGAACCATGAGAAG | CCACGATGCCGAAGTTGTC |
| Human HepG2 cell | PC | GATGCAGGGGTCCGGTTTATT | GAAGCCGTAGGTGTTGGAGA |
| PEPCK | AGTAGAGAGCAAGACGGTGAT | TGCTGAATGGAAGCACATACAT |
| FBP | CGCGCACCTCTATGGCATT | TTCTTCTGACACGAGAACACAC |
| PFKFB3 | ATTGCGGTTTTCGATGCCAC | GCCACAACTGTAGGGTCGT |
| HNF4α | CGAAGGTCAAGCTATGAGGACA | ATCTGCGATGCTGGCAATCT |
| CREB | CCACTGTAACGGTGCCAACT | GCTGCATTGGTCATGGTTAATGT |
| PPARα | CCTGCAAGAAATGGGAAACATC | GCCAGGACAGCTTCCTAAAT |
| ACOX1 | TGTCCTATTTGAACGACCTGCCCA | AGGTTCCAAGCTACCTCCTTGCTT |
| LCAD | GATTAAAAGCCCAGGATACCGC | AGGTGAGCAACTGTTTTGCCA |
| ATGL | GAGATGTGCAAGCAGGGATAC | CTGCGAGTAATCCTCCGCT |
| ACOS | CGACGAGCCCTTGGTGTATTT | GGTTTCCGAGAGCCTAAACAA |
| CPT1 | ATCAATCGGACTCTGGAAACGG | TCAGGGAGTAGCGCATGGT |
| SREBP1c | ATCGGCGCGGAAGCTGTCGGGGTAG | ACTGTCTTGGTTGTTGATGAGCTGGA |
| chREBP | AAGATCCGCCTGAACAACG | CACTTGTGGTATTCCCGCATC |
| ACC1 | GCCTCTTCCTGACAAACGAG | TGACTGCCGAAACATCTCTG |
| FAS | CCCTTGATGAAGAGGGATCA | ACTCCACAGGTGGGAACAAG |
| HMGR | TGATTGACCTTTCCAGAGCAAG | CTAAAATTGCCATTCCACGAGC |
| HMGS | CATTAGACCGCTGCTATTCTGTC | TTCAGCAACATCCGAGCTAGA |
| CD36 | CTTTGGCTTAATGAGACTGGGAC | GCAACAAACATCACCACACCA |
| MTTP | ACAAGCTCACGTACTCCACTG | TCCTCCATAGTAAGGCCCACATC |
| APOB | TGCTCCACTCACTTTACCGTC | TAGCGTCCAGTGTGTACTGAC |
| β-Actin | GAGAAAATCTGGCACCACACC | GATAGCACAGCCTGGATAGCAA |
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