Article(id=1201177213069647951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1201177206518145841, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0456, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1681228800000, receivedDateStr=2023-04-12, revisedDate=1686499200000, revisedDateStr=2023-06-12, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764312564389, onlineDateStr=2025-11-28, pubDate=1704988800000, pubDateStr=2024-01-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764312564389, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764312564389, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764312564389, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1201177206518145841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2024', volume='59', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='268', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764312562826, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764312760268, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1201178034725417827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1201177206518145841, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1201178034725417828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1201177206518145841, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=170, endPage=182, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1201177213539410039, articleId=1201177213069647951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Phenolic constituents of Sanguisorba officinalis and their Nrf2 agonistic effect, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Thirty-one phenolic constituents were isolated and purified from the 95% ethanol extract of Sanguisorbae Radix by using various chromatographic techniques, including macroporous resin, silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20 and semi-preparative HPLC. Their structures were elucidated by physicochemical properties, spectroscopic data (MS and NMR) and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra, and identified as 3-methoxyl-2S, 3S-epoxyflavanone (1a), 3-methoxyl-2R, 3R-epoxyflavanone (1b), longifoin B (2), longifoin C (3), eriodictyol (4), naringenin (5), liquiritigenin (6), 5, 3ʹ-dihydroxy-7, 4ʹ-dimethoxyflavanone (7), naringenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (8), dihydroquercetin (9), dihydrokaempferol (10), (-)-garbanzol (11), (2R, 3R)-4-methoxyl-distylin (12), kaempferol (13), quercetin (14), α, 4, 2′, 4′-tetrahydroxydihydrochalcone (15), phloretin (16), (+)-catechin (17), ethyl (+)-cyanidan-3-ol-8-carboxylate (18), phyllocoumarin (19), methyl 3-methoxy-4, 5-dihydroxybenzoate (20), 4, 5-dimethoxy-3-hydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester (21), 3, 4′-di-O-methylellagic acid (22), 3, 4, 3′-O-trimethylellagic acid (23), 3, 3ʹ, 4ʹ-O-trimethylellagic acid-4-O-β-D-xyloside (24), (3R)-thunberginol C (25), resveratrol (26), 1-hydroxypinoresinol (27), (7S, 8S)-3-methoxy-3′, 7-epoxy-8, 4′-oxyneoligna-4, 9, 9′-triol (28), emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside (29), phloracetophenone (30) and 4-(4′-hydroxyphenyl)-butan-2-one (31). Among them, compound 1a and 1b is a pair of new flavonoid enantiomers, compounds 2 and 3 are a pair of new epimers, while compounds 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 13, 16 and 26 were obtained from S. officinalis for the first time, compounds 7, 8, 27, 30 and 31 were isolated for the first time from the S. officinalis genus, and compounds 11, 12, 15, 18, 19, 25, 28 and 29 were isolated for the first time from the Rosaceae. The antioxidant activities of compounds 1-24 were evaluated by activating the Nrf2 transcriptional pathway, which were measured by the dual-luciferase reporter gene assay in 293T cells. Compounds 4, 6-10, 12, 14, 17, 19, 20 and 22-24 showed significant Nrf2 agonistic effect compared with the control group at 25 μmol·L-1, which provided reference for the research of their antioxidant activity.

, correspAuthors=Liu-qiang ZHANG, Yi-ming LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Long-long WU, Jing-wen LIU, Zhong-lian YU, Liu-qiang ZHANG, Yi-ming LI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1201177214965473532, articleId=1201177213069647951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=地榆中酚类成分及其Nrf2激动活性研究, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

采用大孔树脂、硅胶、ODS、Sephadex LH-20、半制备HPLC等多种色谱技术从地榆饮片(Sanguisorbae Radix) 的95%乙醇提取物中分离纯化得到31个酚类化合物, 通过理化性质、波谱数据(MS、NMR)、电子圆二色谱(ECD) 等技术确定化合物的结构, 分别鉴定为3-methoxyl-2S, 3S-epoxyflavanone (1a)、3-methoxyl-2R, 3R-epoxyflavanone (1b)、longifoin B (2)、longifoin C (3)、圣草酚(4)、柚皮素(5)、甘草素(6)、5, 3ʹ-二羟基-7, 4ʹ-二甲氧基二氢黄酮(7)、柚皮素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(8)、二氢槲皮素(9)、二氢山柰酚(10)、(-)-garbanzol (11)、(2R, 3R)-4-methoxyl-distylin (12)、山柰酚(13)、槲皮素(14)、α, 4, 2′, 4′-tetrahydroxydihydrochalcone (15)、phloretin (16)、(+)-儿茶素(17)、ethyl (+)-cyanidan-3-ol-8-carboxylate (18)、phyllocoumarin (19)、methyl 3-methoxy-4, 5-dihydroxybenzoate (20)、4, 5-dimethoxy-3-hydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester (21)、3, 4′-di-O-methylellagic acid (22)、3, 4, 3′-三甲基逆没食子酸(23)、3, 3ʹ, 4ʹ-O-trimethylellagic acid-4-O-β-D-xyloside (24)、(3R)-thunberginol C (25)、resveratrol (26)、1-hydroxypinoresinol (27)、(7S, 8S)-3-methoxy-3′, 7-epoxy-8, 4′-oxyneoligna-4, 9, 9′-triol (28)、大黄素-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(29)、phloracetophenone (30) 和4-(4′-hydroxyphenyl)-butan-2-one (31)。其中化合物1a1b为一对新的2, 3-环氧黄酮对映异构体, 化合物23为一对新的差向异构体, 化合物456910131626为首次从该植物中分离得到, 化合物78273031为首次从该属植物中分离得到, 化合物1112151819252829为首次从蔷薇科植物中分离得到。通过双荧光素酶报告基因实验在293T细胞中测定化合物1~24对核因子-红细胞2相关因子2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, Nrf2) 的激动活性, 结果表明, 化合物46~10121417192022~24对Nrf2在25 μmol·L-1下表现出显著的促转录活性, 为该类化合物的抗氧化活性研究提供参考。

, correspAuthors=张刘强, 李医明, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*张刘强, Tel: 86-21-51322207, E-mail: ;
李医明, Tel: 86-21-51322191, E-mail:
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EGCG (50 μmol·L<sup>-1</sup>) and GA (50 μmol·L<sup>-1</sup>) were used as positive control. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> control group. EGCG: (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, GA: gallic acid , figureFileSmall=cBMbwzBiVFRod1YcrwcGxA==, figureFileBig=eXxYErgbGkiuFEBq8YtEzQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201177219516293775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177213069647951, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No.123
δCδH (J in Hz)δCδH (J inHz)δCδH (J in Hz)
2 107.5 (s) - 82.7 (d) 4.47 (d, 7.8) 82.2 (d) 4.28 (d, 7.2)
3 95.1 (s) - 69.2 (d) 3.65 (td, 7.8, 5.4) 68.3 (d) 3.94 (td, 7.6, 5.4)
4 193.8 (s) - 28.7 (t) 2.84 (dd, 16.2, 5.4)
2.52 (dd, 16.2, 8.5)
28.4 (t) 2.85 (dd, 16.2, 5.4)
2.51 (dd, 16.2, 7.9)
5 165.2 (s) - 156.4 (s) - 156.4 (s) -
6 97.8 (d) 5.96 (d, 2.0) 96.1 (d) 6.02 (s) 96.2 (d) 6.02 (s)
7 169.6 (s) - 154.7 (s) - 154.6 (s) -
8 97.4 (d) 6.00 (d, 2.0) 103.5 (s) - 103.7 (s) -
9 160.2 (s) - 153.7 (s) - 153.9 (s) -
10 101.1 (s) - 101.8 (s) - 102.2 (s) -
1′ 126.3 (s) - 132.0 (s) - 132.1 (s) -
2′ 117.6 (d) 7.15 (d, 2.0) 115.5 (d) 6.44 (d, 1.7) 115.0 (d) 6.65 (d, 1.7)
3′ 145.5 (s) - 145.7 (s) - 145.9 (s) -
4′ 147.2 (s) - 145.5 (s) - 145.9 (s) -
5′ 115.3 (d) 6.80 (d, 8.3) 115.8 (d) 6.44 (d, 8.1) 115.9 (d) 6.65 (d, 8.1)
6′ 122.0 (d) 7.02 (dd, 8.3, 2.0) 119.2 (d) 5.97 (dd, 8.1, 1.7) 119.8 (d) 6.45 (dd, 8.1, 1.7)
1″ 148.0 (s) - 147.7 (s) -
2″, 6″ 128.9 (d) 7.06 (d, 7.4) 128.6 (d) 7.00 (d, 7.4)
3″, 5″ 129.2 (d) 7.25 (t, 7.4) 129.0 (d) 7.16 (t, 7.4)
4″ 126.8 (d) 7.17 (t, 7.4) 126.7 (d) 7.07 (t, 7.4)
7″ 37.0 (d) 4.24 (m) 36.6 (d) 4.28 (m)
8″ 38.8 (t) 2.05 (2H, m) 38.8 (t) 2.08 (2H, m)
9″ 92.3 (d) 5.14 (dd, 8.1, 3.2) 92.3 (d) 5.09 (dd, 6.8, 4.3)
3-OCH3 50.8 (q) 3.06 (s)
), ArticleFig(id=1201177219612762770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177213069647951, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

1H and 13C NMR data of compounds 1-3 (600/150 MHz, CD3OD)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No.123
δCδH (J in Hz)δCδH (J inHz)δCδH (J in Hz)
2 107.5 (s) - 82.7 (d) 4.47 (d, 7.8) 82.2 (d) 4.28 (d, 7.2)
3 95.1 (s) - 69.2 (d) 3.65 (td, 7.8, 5.4) 68.3 (d) 3.94 (td, 7.6, 5.4)
4 193.8 (s) - 28.7 (t) 2.84 (dd, 16.2, 5.4)
2.52 (dd, 16.2, 8.5)
28.4 (t) 2.85 (dd, 16.2, 5.4)
2.51 (dd, 16.2, 7.9)
5 165.2 (s) - 156.4 (s) - 156.4 (s) -
6 97.8 (d) 5.96 (d, 2.0) 96.1 (d) 6.02 (s) 96.2 (d) 6.02 (s)
7 169.6 (s) - 154.7 (s) - 154.6 (s) -
8 97.4 (d) 6.00 (d, 2.0) 103.5 (s) - 103.7 (s) -
9 160.2 (s) - 153.7 (s) - 153.9 (s) -
10 101.1 (s) - 101.8 (s) - 102.2 (s) -
1′ 126.3 (s) - 132.0 (s) - 132.1 (s) -
2′ 117.6 (d) 7.15 (d, 2.0) 115.5 (d) 6.44 (d, 1.7) 115.0 (d) 6.65 (d, 1.7)
3′ 145.5 (s) - 145.7 (s) - 145.9 (s) -
4′ 147.2 (s) - 145.5 (s) - 145.9 (s) -
5′ 115.3 (d) 6.80 (d, 8.3) 115.8 (d) 6.44 (d, 8.1) 115.9 (d) 6.65 (d, 8.1)
6′ 122.0 (d) 7.02 (dd, 8.3, 2.0) 119.2 (d) 5.97 (dd, 8.1, 1.7) 119.8 (d) 6.45 (dd, 8.1, 1.7)
1″ 148.0 (s) - 147.7 (s) -
2″, 6″ 128.9 (d) 7.06 (d, 7.4) 128.6 (d) 7.00 (d, 7.4)
3″, 5″ 129.2 (d) 7.25 (t, 7.4) 129.0 (d) 7.16 (t, 7.4)
4″ 126.8 (d) 7.17 (t, 7.4) 126.7 (d) 7.07 (t, 7.4)
7″ 37.0 (d) 4.24 (m) 36.6 (d) 4.28 (m)
8″ 38.8 (t) 2.05 (2H, m) 38.8 (t) 2.08 (2H, m)
9″ 92.3 (d) 5.14 (dd, 8.1, 3.2) 92.3 (d) 5.09 (dd, 6.8, 4.3)
3-OCH3 50.8 (q) 3.06 (s)
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地榆中酚类成分及其Nrf2激动活性研究
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吴龙龙 1 , 刘静雯 2 , 余钟莲 1 , 张刘强 1, * , 李医明 1, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2024,59(1): 170-182
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2024, 59(1): 170-182
地榆中酚类成分及其Nrf2激动活性研究
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吴龙龙1, 刘静雯2, 余钟莲1, 张刘强1, * , 李医明1, *
作者信息
  • 1.上海中医药大学中药学院, 上海 201203
  • 2.上海中医药大学科技实验中心, 上海 201203

通讯作者:

*张刘强, Tel: 86-21-51322207, E-mail: ;
李医明, Tel: 86-21-51322191, E-mail:
Phenolic constituents of Sanguisorba officinalis and their Nrf2 agonistic effect
Long-long WU1, Jing-wen LIU2, Zhong-lian YU1, Liu-qiang ZHANG1, * , Yi-ming LI1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
  • 2. Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
出版时间: 2024-01-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0456
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采用大孔树脂、硅胶、ODS、Sephadex LH-20、半制备HPLC等多种色谱技术从地榆饮片(Sanguisorbae Radix) 的95%乙醇提取物中分离纯化得到31个酚类化合物, 通过理化性质、波谱数据(MS、NMR)、电子圆二色谱(ECD) 等技术确定化合物的结构, 分别鉴定为3-methoxyl-2S, 3S-epoxyflavanone (1a)、3-methoxyl-2R, 3R-epoxyflavanone (1b)、longifoin B (2)、longifoin C (3)、圣草酚(4)、柚皮素(5)、甘草素(6)、5, 3ʹ-二羟基-7, 4ʹ-二甲氧基二氢黄酮(7)、柚皮素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(8)、二氢槲皮素(9)、二氢山柰酚(10)、(-)-garbanzol (11)、(2R, 3R)-4-methoxyl-distylin (12)、山柰酚(13)、槲皮素(14)、α, 4, 2′, 4′-tetrahydroxydihydrochalcone (15)、phloretin (16)、(+)-儿茶素(17)、ethyl (+)-cyanidan-3-ol-8-carboxylate (18)、phyllocoumarin (19)、methyl 3-methoxy-4, 5-dihydroxybenzoate (20)、4, 5-dimethoxy-3-hydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester (21)、3, 4′-di-O-methylellagic acid (22)、3, 4, 3′-三甲基逆没食子酸(23)、3, 3ʹ, 4ʹ-O-trimethylellagic acid-4-O-β-D-xyloside (24)、(3R)-thunberginol C (25)、resveratrol (26)、1-hydroxypinoresinol (27)、(7S, 8S)-3-methoxy-3′, 7-epoxy-8, 4′-oxyneoligna-4, 9, 9′-triol (28)、大黄素-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(29)、phloracetophenone (30) 和4-(4′-hydroxyphenyl)-butan-2-one (31)。其中化合物1a1b为一对新的2, 3-环氧黄酮对映异构体, 化合物23为一对新的差向异构体, 化合物456910131626为首次从该植物中分离得到, 化合物78273031为首次从该属植物中分离得到, 化合物1112151819252829为首次从蔷薇科植物中分离得到。通过双荧光素酶报告基因实验在293T细胞中测定化合物1~24对核因子-红细胞2相关因子2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, Nrf2) 的激动活性, 结果表明, 化合物46~10121417192022~24对Nrf2在25 μmol·L-1下表现出显著的促转录活性, 为该类化合物的抗氧化活性研究提供参考。

地榆  /  酚类成分  /  黄酮  /  2,3-环氧黄酮  /  Nrf2激动活性  /  抗氧化

Thirty-one phenolic constituents were isolated and purified from the 95% ethanol extract of Sanguisorbae Radix by using various chromatographic techniques, including macroporous resin, silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20 and semi-preparative HPLC. Their structures were elucidated by physicochemical properties, spectroscopic data (MS and NMR) and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra, and identified as 3-methoxyl-2S, 3S-epoxyflavanone (1a), 3-methoxyl-2R, 3R-epoxyflavanone (1b), longifoin B (2), longifoin C (3), eriodictyol (4), naringenin (5), liquiritigenin (6), 5, 3ʹ-dihydroxy-7, 4ʹ-dimethoxyflavanone (7), naringenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (8), dihydroquercetin (9), dihydrokaempferol (10), (-)-garbanzol (11), (2R, 3R)-4-methoxyl-distylin (12), kaempferol (13), quercetin (14), α, 4, 2′, 4′-tetrahydroxydihydrochalcone (15), phloretin (16), (+)-catechin (17), ethyl (+)-cyanidan-3-ol-8-carboxylate (18), phyllocoumarin (19), methyl 3-methoxy-4, 5-dihydroxybenzoate (20), 4, 5-dimethoxy-3-hydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester (21), 3, 4′-di-O-methylellagic acid (22), 3, 4, 3′-O-trimethylellagic acid (23), 3, 3ʹ, 4ʹ-O-trimethylellagic acid-4-O-β-D-xyloside (24), (3R)-thunberginol C (25), resveratrol (26), 1-hydroxypinoresinol (27), (7S, 8S)-3-methoxy-3′, 7-epoxy-8, 4′-oxyneoligna-4, 9, 9′-triol (28), emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside (29), phloracetophenone (30) and 4-(4′-hydroxyphenyl)-butan-2-one (31). Among them, compound 1a and 1b is a pair of new flavonoid enantiomers, compounds 2 and 3 are a pair of new epimers, while compounds 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 13, 16 and 26 were obtained from S. officinalis for the first time, compounds 7, 8, 27, 30 and 31 were isolated for the first time from the S. officinalis genus, and compounds 11, 12, 15, 18, 19, 25, 28 and 29 were isolated for the first time from the Rosaceae. The antioxidant activities of compounds 1-24 were evaluated by activating the Nrf2 transcriptional pathway, which were measured by the dual-luciferase reporter gene assay in 293T cells. Compounds 4, 6-10, 12, 14, 17, 19, 20 and 22-24 showed significant Nrf2 agonistic effect compared with the control group at 25 μmol·L-1, which provided reference for the research of their antioxidant activity.

Sanguisorba officinalis  /  phenolic constituents  /  flavonoids  /  2,3-epoxyflavanone  /  Nrf2 agonistic effect  /  antioxidant
吴龙龙, 刘静雯, 余钟莲, 张刘强, 李医明. 地榆中酚类成分及其Nrf2激动活性研究. 药学学报, 2024 , 59 (1) : 170 -182 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0456
Long-long WU, Jing-wen LIU, Zhong-lian YU, Liu-qiang ZHANG, Yi-ming LI. Phenolic constituents of Sanguisorba officinalis and their Nrf2 agonistic effect[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2024 , 59 (1) : 170 -182 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0456
地榆(Sanguisorbae Radix) 为蔷薇科地榆属植物地榆(Sanguisorba officinalis L.) 或长叶地榆[Sanguisorba officinalis L. var. longifolia (Bert.) Yü et Li] 的干燥根, 主要分布于内蒙古、吉林、四川等地[1]。地榆是我国传统中药, 始载于《神农本草经》, 其性微寒, 味苦、酸、涩, 归肝、大肠经, 具有凉血止血、解毒敛疮之功效, 可用于治疗便血, 痔血, 血痢, 崩漏, 水火烫伤, 痈肿疮毒等症, 为“水火烫伤之要药”[2]。目前地榆主要用于血液系统和免疫系统疾病的治疗, 尤其是地榆升白片可针对于肿瘤患者放化疗之后, 以及药物、化学毒物、病毒性肝炎和某些病毒细胞感染等多种原因引起的白细胞减少症, 也可以用于血小板减少、免疫力低下、再生障碍性贫血的治疗。目前从地榆中分离鉴定出的化学成分主要为鞣质、三萜、黄酮和多糖等, 还有少量的有机酸、甾体及蒽醌类成分[3-5]。现代药理学研究表明, 地榆具有止血、抗菌、抗肿瘤、抗过敏、抗炎消肿、抗氧化、改善血液系统及神经保护等作用[3]。为进一步研究地榆的化学成分及其生物活性, 为其药效物质基础研究提供丰富的样品, 本实验对地榆95%乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯萃取部位采用多种色谱方法进行分离, 并用各种波谱技术鉴定结构, 共得到了31个酚类化合物, 分别鉴定为3-methoxyl-2S, 3S-epoxyflavanone (1a)、3-methoxyl-2R, 3R-epoxyflavanone (1b)、longifoin B (2)、longifoin C (3)、圣草酚(4)、柚皮素(5)、甘草素(6)、5, 3ʹ-二羟基-7, 4ʹ-二甲氧基二氢黄酮(7)、柚皮素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(8)、二氢槲皮素(9)、二氢山柰酚(10)、(-)-garbanzol (11)、(2R, 3R)-4-methoxyl-distylin (12)、山柰酚(13)、槲皮素(14)、α, 4, 2′, 4′-tetrahydroxydihydrochalcone (15)、phloretin (16)、(+)-儿茶素(17)、ethyl (+)-cyanidan-3-ol-8-carboxylate (18)、phyllocoumarin (19)、methyl 3-methoxy-4, 5-dihydroxybenzoate (20)、4, 5-dimethoxy-3-hydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester (21)、3, 4′-di-O-methylellagic acid (22)、3, 4, 3′-三甲基逆没食子酸(23)、3, 3ʹ, 4ʹ-O-trimethylellagic acid-4-O-β-D-xyloside (24)、(3R)-thunberginol C (25)、resveratrol (26)、1-hydroxypinoresinol (27)、(7S, 8S)-3-methoxy-3′, 7-epoxy-8, 4′-oxyneoligna-4, 9, 9′-triol (28)、大黄素-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(29)、phloracetophenone (30)和4-(4′-hydroxyphenyl)-butan-2-one (31), 结构见图 1。其中化合物1为新化合物且为一对光学对映异构体, 分别命名为3-methoxyl-2S, 3S-epoxyflavanone (1a) 和3-methoxyl-2R, 3R-epoxyflavanone (1b), 化合物23为一对新的差向异构体, 化合物456910131626为首次从该植物中分离得到, 化合物78273031为首次从该属植物中分离得到, 化合物1112151819252829为首次从蔷薇科植物中分离得到。Nrf2是一种转录因子, 是机体主要的防御机制之一, 可驱动超过300个抗氧化反应元件(antioxidant responsive element, ARE) 调控基因的转录, 参与机体多种稳态功能, 包括氧化还原调节、外源解毒、蛋白质平衡和初级代谢[6, 7]。Nrf2作为内源性抗氧化通路, 可通过诱导调控细胞内Ⅱ相解毒酶和抗氧化酶基因的表达, 参与细胞抗氧化应激, 维持机体氧化还原稳态[8, 9]。研究表明天然植物中的多酚类化合物具有显著的抗氧化作用, 可作为Nrf2激活剂, 如(-)-表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯、没食子酸、姜黄素、白藜芦醇等[10-14]。Nrf2-双荧光素酶报告基因实验显示化合物46-10121417192022-24对Nrf2在25 μmol·L-1下表现出显著的促转录活性, 表明此类化合物可能具有潜在的抗氧化活性。
化合物1: 黄色固体, 易溶于甲醇, 紫外254 nm下观察有暗斑, 浓硫酸-香兰素染色显黄色。$ {\left[\alpha \right]}_{\mathrm{D}}^{20} $ -2.50 (c 0.10, MeOH); HR-ESI-MS给出准分子离子峰m/z 331.046 8 [M-H]- (计算值331.045 9, C16H11O8), 确定分子式为C16H12O8, 不饱和度为11。
1H NMR (表 1) 谱中低场区显示一组AB偶合系统的2个芳氢质子信号: δH 6.00 (1H, t, J = 2.0 Hz), 5.96 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 一般为黄酮A环上的芳氢; 一组ABX偶合系统的3个芳氢质子信号: δH 7.15 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 7.02 (1H, dd, J = 8.3, 2.0 Hz), 6.80 (1H, d, J = 8.3 Hz), 一般为黄酮B环上的芳氢。13C NMR (表 1) 谱中给出16个碳信号, 结合DEPT和HSQC谱, 确定甲氧基碳信号1个、含氧仲碳信号2个, 芳香叔碳信号5个, 连氧芳香叔碳信号5个, 芳香季碳信号2个, 羰基碳信号1个, 推测该化合物具有一个甲氧基取代的黄酮母核。除了C-2和C-3位之外, 以上的NMR数据和文献[15]报道的3-甲氧基槲皮素(C16H12O7) 的结构片段相似。结合多一个氧原子和HMBC谱分析, 发现甲氧基氢δH 3.06 (s) 与连氧仲碳δC 107.5 (C-2) 和δC 95.1 (C-3)、羰基碳δC 193.8 (C-4) 有相关, 表明C-2和C-3之间存在一个三元环氧结构, 与已报道2, 3-环氧黄酮类化合物的碳信号位移规律相一致[16-18]。综上, 可以确定该化合物的平面结构为3-methoxyl-2, 3-epoxyflavanone。在NOESY谱中观察到甲氧基氢δH 3.06与δH 7.15 (H-5′), 7.02 (H-6′) 有相关, 表明C-3位甲氧基与C-2位B环位于同侧, 同为α构型或β构型, 其C-2, C-3的绝对构型有2S, 3S或2R, 3R两种情况。
由于该化合物比旋光度很小, 为$ {\left[\alpha \right]}_{\mathrm{D}}^{20} $ -2.50 (c 0.10, MeOH), 且ECD光谱中无明显的Cotton效应, 推测该化合物可能为外消旋体。通过Chiralpak® IA-3手性柱(150 mm × 4.6 mm, 3 μm) 拆分得到2个光学纯化合物1a (正己烷-异丙醇85∶15, tR = 15.9 min, 0.4 mg) 和化合物1b (正己烷-异丙醇85∶15, tR = 19.7 min, 0.3 mg)。为了确定它们的绝对构型, 分别建立2S, 3S和2R, 3R两种构型的模型, 通过Conflex程序在MMFF94力场下进行构象搜索, 分别获得它们的优势构象, 使用SMD模型, 以甲醇为溶剂, 经b3lyp/6-31g(d) 水平优化, 再用m062x/Def2-TZVP方法进行计算, 得到(2S, 3S)-1a和(2R, 3R)-1b的理论ECD谱, 并与实测电子圆二色谱(ECD) 比较(图 2)。结果显示化合物1a对应的构型为2S, 3S, 1b对应的构型为2R, 3R。因此, 化合物1a1b结构分别鉴定为3-methoxyl-2S, 3S-epoxyflavanone和3-methoxyl-2R, 3R-epoxyflavanone。
化合物2: 黄色固体, 易溶于甲醇, 紫外254 nm下观察有暗斑, 浓硫酸-香兰素染色显红色。$ {\left[\alpha \right]}_{\mathrm{D}}^{20} $ -74.67 (c 0.10, MeOH); ECD (c 0.11, MeOH) λmaxε) 194 (11.26), 209 (-2.79), 216 (-1.39), 233 (-5.83) nm; HR-ESI-MS给出准分子离子峰m/z 421.129 3 [M-H]- (计算值421.129 3, C24H21O7), 确定分子式为C24H22O7, 不饱和度为14。
1H NMR谱(表 1) 在低场区显示有9个芳香氢信号, 其中δH 6.44 (1H, d, J = 1.7 Hz), 6.44 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz), 5.97 (1H, dd, J = 8.1, 1.7 Hz) 为一组苯环ABX偶合系统质子信号, 表明有一个1, 3, 4-三取代苯环; δH 7.25 (2H, t, J = 7.4 Hz), 7.17 (H, t, J = 7.4 Hz), 7.06 (2H, d, J = 7.4 Hz) 为一组单取代苯环质子信号; δH 6.02 (1H, s) 为一个五取代苯环质子信号。此外, 还有3个连氧次甲基氢信号[δH 5.14 (1H, dd, J = 8.1, 3.2 Hz), 4.47 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz), 3.65 (1H, td, J = 7.8, 5.4 Hz)], 5个烷基氢信号[δH 4.24 (1H, m), 2.84 (1H, J = dd, 16.2, 5.4 Hz), 2.52 (1H, dd, J = 16.2, 8.5 Hz), 2.05 (2H, m)], 其中δH 2.84, 2.52为一组偕偶烷基氢信号。13C NMR给出24个碳信号, 结合DEPT135及HSQC谱图(表 1), 分别归属为一个黄烷-3-醇母核结构[19]和一个苯丙素母核结构[20]。以上核磁数据与已知化合物longifoin A[21]平面结构的相一致, 进一步的1H-1H COSY和HMBC分析也验证了上述推断(图 3)。
该化合物的相对构型可以通过NOESY谱的解析确定。H-2与H-4b (δH 2.52), H-3与H-4a (δH 2.84), H-5′, H-6′有明显的NOE相关信号, 以及J2, 3 = 7.8 Hz, 证实C-2, 3为trans构型, 推断H-2为β取向, H-3为α取向; H-2′与H-2″, H-6″, 以及H-9″与H-2″, H-6″有NOE信号, 可以确定H-7″为β取向, H-9″为α取向。
最后, 通过比较实验ECD和计算ECD, 进一步验证了化合物2的绝对构型。结果显示化合物2的实测ECD与计算的(2R, 3S, 7″S, 9″S)-2a谱一致(图 2), 因此, 确定化合物2的绝对构型为2R, 3S, 7″S, 9″S。经Sci-Findern检索, 确定为新化合物, 命名为longifoin B。
化合物3: 黄色固体, 易溶于甲醇, 紫外254 nm下观察有暗斑, 浓硫酸-香兰素染色显红色。$ {\left[\alpha \right]}_{\mathrm{D}}^{20} $ -10.67 (c 0.10, MeOH); ECD (c 0.11, MeOH) λmaxε) 191 (13.17), 213 (-5.42) nm; HR-ESI-MS给出准分子离子峰m/z 421.129 1 [M-H]- (计算值421.129 3, C24H21O7), 确定分子式为C24H22O7, 不饱和度为14。
化合物32的1D NMR数据基本一致, 进一步解析发现二者具有相同的平面结构, 不同在于C-7″, C-9″绝对构型不同。在NOESY谱中, H-2与H-4b (δH 2.51), H-3与H-4a (δH 2.85), H-5′, H-6′有明显的相关信号, 推断H-2为β取向, H-3为α取向; H-9″与H-2″, H-6″, H-2与H-2″, H-6″有NOE信号, 可以确定H-7″为α取向, H-9″为β取向。
通过对比实验ECD和计算ECD, 结果显示化合物3的实测ECD与计算的(2R, 3S, 7″S, 9″S)-3a谱一致(图 2)。确定化合物3的绝对构型为2R, 3S, 7″S, 9″S, 经Sci-Findern检索, 确定为新化合物, 命名为longifoin C。
通过双荧光素酶报告基因实验测定Nrf2的激动活性, 以评估分离到的黄酮和鞣质类化合物对Nrf2转录表达的影响, 结果见图 4。结果显示, 化合物46~10121417192022~24在25 μmol·L-1浓度下均能促进荧光素酶(luciferase, Luc) 表达, 与空白对照组相比差异显著(P < 0.05), 其中化合物1423高于阳性药组。
Bruker AV-600核磁共振仪(德国Bruker公司); Agilent 6500 LC/Q-TOF高分辨质谱仪、Agilent Zorbax SB-C18半制备色谱柱(250 mm × 9.4 mm, 5 μm)、Agilent 1260半制备高效液相色谱仪(美国Agilent公司); LC-20ADXR高效液相(日本Shimadzu公司), LCQ FLEET离子阱电喷雾质谱(美国Thermo Scientific公司); ZF-20D暗箱式紫外分析仪(上海宝山顾村电光仪器厂); SBS-100数控计滴自动收集器(上海沪西分析仪器厂有限公司); XSE105电子天平(瑞士Mettler公司); E20-02旋转蒸发仪(德国Heidoph Laborota公司); YMC-Pack ODS-A C18半制备色谱柱(250 mm × 10 mm, 5 μm)、ODS-AQ-HG (50 μm) 反相硅胶(日本YMC公司); Sephadex LH-20 (瑞典Pharmacia公司); MCI gel CHP-20P (日本Mitsubishi公司); D101型大孔树脂、色谱纯和分析纯试剂(国药集团化学试剂有限公司); HSGF254薄层色谱硅胶板、厚制备板(烟台汇友硅胶有限公司); 柱色谱硅胶(100~200、200~300、300~400目, 上海泰坦科技股份有限公司)。
HWS-24型电热恒温水浴锅(上海一恒科学仪器有限公司); CO2恒温培养箱(新加坡ESCO公司); 超净工作台(Thermo Fisher Scientific); 离心机(德国Eppendorf公司); DMi1倒置显微镜(德国Leica公司); Promega GloMax 20/20 2020化学发光检测仪(美国Promega公司); DMEM培养基、胎牛血清、抗生素(美国Gibco公司); DMSO (美国Sigma-Aldrich公司); (-)-表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(批号: 3722)、没食子酸(批号: 12020) (上海诗丹德标准技术服务有限公司); 细胞培养皿、48孔板、1.5 mL离心管等购自美国Corning公司。
地榆饮片于2019年8月购自上海康桥中药饮片有限公司(品名: 生地榆, 批号: 181227), 产地为吉林。样品(SDY181227) 存放于上海中医药大学中药学院中药化学教研室。
地榆饮片(20 kg) 粉碎后用10倍量95%乙醇回流提取3次, 每次1.5 h, 合并提取液, 滤过, 减压浓缩至无醇味。浸膏加适量水分散稀释, 依次用等体积石油醚、乙酸乙酯萃取3次, 石油醚部位再用80%甲醇萃取3次, 合并、减压浓缩各萃取液, 得到石油醚部位57 g, 乙酸乙酯部位2 578 g, 80%甲醇部位37 g。乙酸乙酯萃取部位(2 578 g) 经D101型大孔树脂柱色谱, 依次用水、20%、40%、60%、80%、95%乙醇梯度洗脱, 浓缩, 干燥, 得水洗脱部位766 g、20%乙醇洗脱部位978 g、40%乙醇洗脱部位365 g、60%乙醇洗脱部位668 g、80%乙醇洗脱部位235 g、95%乙醇洗脱部位10 g。
80%乙醇洗脱部位(235 g) 经MCI柱色谱分离, 以甲醇-水(50∶50~100∶0) 梯度洗脱, 用TLC检测合并相同流分, 得到11个流分Fr.1~11。Fr.4 (13.4 g) 通过ODS柱色谱, 以甲醇-水(50∶50~100∶0) 梯度洗脱分成11个流分Fr.4A~K。Fr. 4E (37 mg) 经凝胶柱色谱以甲醇-水(10∶90~100∶0) 梯度洗脱, 得到化合物6 (3 mg)。Fr.6 (35.0 g) 通过硅胶柱色谱, 以二氯甲烷-甲醇(200∶1~5∶1) 梯度洗脱, 得到11个流分Fr.6A~K。Fr.6A (101 mg) 经ODS柱色谱[甲醇-水(50∶50~100∶0甲醇梯度洗脱)] 和凝胶柱色谱[甲醇-水(70∶30)] 得到化合物5 (34 mg)。Fr.6D (131 mg) 用甲醇重结晶得到化合物24 (15 mg)。Fr.11 (2.6 g) 经硅胶柱色谱, 以二氯甲烷-甲醇(150∶1~1∶1) 梯度洗脱, 得到6个流分Fr. 11A~F。Fr.11A (120 mg) 经硅胶柱色谱, 以石油醚-乙酸乙酯(10∶1~6∶1) 梯度洗脱得到5个流分Fr.11Aa~e; Fr.11Ad (8 mg) 用凝胶柱色谱[甲醇-水(70∶30)] 纯化得到化合物7 (2 mg)。Fr.11B (162 mg) 用甲醇重结晶得到化合物23 (42 mg)。
60%乙醇洗脱部位(668 g) 经硅胶柱色谱(100 cm × 11 cm) 分离, 以二氯甲烷-甲醇(200∶1~1∶1) 梯度洗脱, 得到10个流分Fr.1~10。Fr.2 (2.5 g) 经硅胶柱色谱二次分离, 用石油醚-乙酸乙酯(10∶1~4∶1) 梯度洗脱得到9个流分Fr.2-1~9。Fr.2-9 (810 mg) 通过凝胶柱色谱[甲醇-水(70∶30) ]得到化合物20 (657 mg)。Fr.2-3 (27 mg)、Fr.2-4 (29 mg) 均经半制备HPLC (乙腈-水43∶57, 体积流量3 mL·min-1) 分别得到化合物21 (1 mg, tR = 9.75 min)、31 (2 mg, tR = 8.11 min)。Fr.3 (1.8 g) 用甲醇重结晶得到化合物22 (206 mg)。滤液Fr.3A (1.6 g) 经硅胶柱色谱, 二氯甲烷-甲醇(100∶1~10∶1) 梯度洗脱, 得到8个流分Fr.3A-1~8。Fr.3A-6 (347 mg) 经MCI柱色谱, 以甲醇-水(30∶70~100∶0) 梯度洗脱, 得到3个流分Fr.3A-6-1~3; Fr.3A-6-1 (300 mg) 经ODS柱色谱, 以甲醇-水(30∶70~100∶0) 梯度洗脱, 得到3个流分Fr.3A-6-1-A~C; Fr.3A-6-1-A (290 mg) 经聚酰胺柱色谱, 以乙醇-水(0∶100~100∶0) 梯度洗脱, 得到5个流分Fr.3A-6-1-Aa~e。Fr.3A-6-1-Ab (31 mg) 用半制备HPLC [甲醇-水(53∶47), 体积流量3 mL·min-1] 分离得到化合物27 (4 mg, tR = 10.10 min)、28 (3 mg, tR = 14.62 min)。Fr.3A-6-1-Ac (11 mg) 经半制备HPLC [甲醇-水(47∶53), 体积流量3 mL·min-1] 分离得到化合物30 (2 mg, tR = 11.30 min)。Fr.3A-6-1-Ad (107 mg) 经凝胶柱色谱[甲醇-水(70∶30)] 得到Fr.3A-6-1-Ad-1 (30 mg) 和化合物10 (76 mg)。将Fr.3A-6-1-Ae (38 mg) 和Fr.3A-6-1-Ad-1合并经凝胶柱色谱[甲醇-水(70∶30)] 得到7个流分Fr.3A-6-1-Ae-1~7, 其中Fr.3A-6-1-Ae-6为化合物26 (3 mg), Fr.3A-6-1-Ae-7为化合物25 (2 mg)。Fr.3A-6-1-Ae-3 (6 mg) 用半制备HPLC [乙腈-水(25∶75), 体积流量3 mL·min-1] 分离得到化合物11 (1 mg, tR = 8.82 min)、15 (2 mg, tR = 11.07 min)。Fr.4 (620 mg) 经硅胶柱色谱, 以二氯甲烷-甲醇(30∶1~10∶1) 梯度洗脱, 得到3个流分Fr.4A~C。Fr.4B (304 mg) 经凝胶柱色谱[甲醇-水(70∶30)] 得到6个流分Fr.4B1~6, 其中Fr.4B6为化合物13 (3 mg)。Fr.4B3中有白色沉淀, 过滤, 滤液Fr.4B3b经凝胶柱色谱[甲醇-水(70∶30)] 得到化合物18 (9 mg)。Fr.4B4经半制备HPLC [甲醇-水(55∶45), 体积流量3 mL·min-1] 分离得到化合物4 (6 mg, tR = 12.38 min)、16 (4 mg, tR = 20.43 min)。Fr.6 (3.675 g) 经硅胶柱色谱, 以二氯甲烷-甲醇(200∶1~3∶1) 梯度洗脱, 分成7个流分Fr.6A~G。Fr.6E (760 mg) 经凝胶柱色谱, 以甲醇-水(20∶80~100∶0) 梯度洗脱, 得到5个流分Fr.6E1~5。Fr.6E4 (132 mg) 经ODS柱色谱, 甲醇-水(40∶60~100∶0) 梯度洗脱, 得到2个流分Fr.6E4a & b; Fr.6E4a (123 mg) 通过凝胶柱色谱[甲醇-水(70∶30)] 得到化合物14 (5 mg)。Fr.6F (1.47 g) 经MCI柱色谱, 甲醇-水(30∶70~100∶0) 梯度洗脱, 得到6个流分Fr.6F1~6。Fr.6F1 (20 mg) 通过凝胶柱色谱[甲醇-水(90∶10)] 纯化得到化合物9 (15 mg)。将Fr.7 (12.475 g) 经ODS柱色谱初步分离, 以甲醇-水(30∶70~100∶0) 梯度洗脱得到17个流分Fr.7-1~17。Fr.7-1 (131 mg) 经ODS柱色谱, 甲醇-水(20∶80~100∶0) 梯度洗脱得到2个流分Fr.7-1A & B; Fr.7-1A (100 mg) 经凝胶柱色谱[甲醇-水(70∶30)] 纯化得到化合物17 (50 mg)。Fr.7-3 (160 mg) 经凝胶柱色谱, 甲醇-水(90∶10) 洗脱得到4个流分Fr.7-3A~D, 其中Fr.7-3D为化合物12 (72 mg); Fr.7-3C (31 mg) 经半制备HPLC [乙腈-水(35∶65), 体积流量3 mL·min-1] 得到化合物1 (8 mg, tR = 10.04 min)。Fr.7-4 & 5 (178 mg) 经凝胶柱色谱, 以甲醇-水(80∶20) 洗脱, 得到3个流分Fr.7-4 & 5A~C, Fr.7-4 & 5C为化合物19 (75 mg); Fr.7-4 & 5B (24 mg) 经硅胶薄层制备板, 乙酸乙酯-甲醇-水-乙酸(10∶1∶1∶0.1) 展开, 刮取硅胶粉用二氯甲烷-甲醇(10∶1) 洗脱, 再经ODS柱色谱[甲醇-水(70∶30)] 纯化, 得到化合物8 (10 mg)。Fr.7-6 (280 mg) 经凝胶柱色谱, 以甲醇-水(70∶30) 洗脱, 得到Fr.7-6A~C; Fr.7-6C (145 mg) 经半制备HPLC [乙腈-水(27∶73), 体积流量3 mL·min-1] 得到化合物2 (12 mg, tR = 38.30 min)、3 (10 mg, tR = 39.48 min)。Fr.7-9经凝胶柱色谱, 甲醇-水(70∶30) 洗脱得到4个流分Fr.7-9A~D; Fr.7-9B (45 mg) 用甲醇重结晶得到化合物29 (10 mg)。
实验细胞株与药物: 293T细胞为本课题组保存。地榆中分离得到的单体化合物用DMSO溶解, 配置成25 mmol·L-1的样品母液; 阳性药物为已报道具有明显Nrf2激动活性的(-)-表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯((-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, EGCG) 和没食子酸(gallic acid, GA)。
实验方法: 将冻存于液氮罐中的293T细胞从冻存管中取出, 快速浸入37 ℃水浴中融化, 然后用75%酒精消毒冻存管外壁, 将细胞转移至1.5 mL离心管中, 在800 r·min-1, 25 ℃条件下离心4 min, 弃去上清液。加入1 mL完全培养基, 轻轻吹匀后接种于培养皿中, 置于5% CO2, 37 ℃细胞培养箱培养。然后, 取生长状态良好且长满培养皿80%左右的293T细胞, 吸走原培养基, PBS缓冲液洗两次后, 用0.25%胰酶消化2 min, 显微镜下观察到细胞皱缩变圆从壁上微微脱落后, 加入3 mL培养基终止消化, 吹打均匀后继续在800 r·min-1, 25 ℃条件下离心4 min, 弃去上清液。培养基重悬后转移到新的培养皿, 置于5% CO2、37 ℃细胞培养箱培养。
取对数生长的293T细胞(1.5×105/孔) 接种于96孔板, 培养于含有10%胎牛血清和1%抗生素的DMEM培养基中, 且置于恒温37 ℃、5% CO2的培养箱中培养12 h后, 293T细胞转染表达质粒24 h, 转染体系为3.2 μg Gal4-Nrf2-TK-rLUC, 3.2 μg the Gal4 reporter vector 9 × GAL4-UAS-promoter-fLuc (Genechem, Shanghai), 0.3 μg Renilla reporter plasmids和6 μL FuGENE转染试剂(Roche, Switzerland)。随后加入阳性药物(EGCG和GA, 浓度均为50 μmol·L-1) 以及分离得到的单体化合物(25 μmol·L-1), 同时设置空白对照组加入1‰ DMSO, 在细胞培养箱中培养24 h后, 按照《双荧光素酶报告基因检测试剂盒》 (Beyotime, RG027, Shanghai) 方法检测荧光素酶的活力。并进行3次重复实验验证。Nrf2激动活性用“RLUinduced/RLUuninduced”的比值表示, 而所有相对荧光素酶活性(relative luciferase, RLU) 均用“Firefly RLUs/Renilla RLUs”的比值表示。数据使用GraphPad Prism软件进行统计学分析, 计量资料采用均数±标准误(mean ± SEM) 表示, 组间比较采用t检验, P < 0.05则表示具有显著性差异。
化合物1  黄色固体(甲醇); HR-ESI-MS给出准分子离子峰m/z 331.046 8 [M-H]- (计算值331.045 9, C16H11O8); 1H NMR (600 MHz, CD3OD) 和13C NMR (150 MHz, CD3OD) 数据见表 1。化合物1为一对光学对映异构体, 分别命名为3-methoxyl-2S, 3S-epoxyflavanone (1a) 和3-methoxyl-2R, 3R-epoxyflavanone (1b)。
3-methoxyl-2S, 3S-epoxyflavanone (1a): ECD (c 0.40, MeOH) λmaxε) 201 (-7.04), 228 (1.74), 259 (-0.44), 301 (5.98) nm。
3-methoxyl-2R, 3R-epoxyflavanone (1b): ECD (c 0.40, MeOH) λmaxε) 201 (0.14), 217 (-0.38), 257 (0.16), 299 (-0.31) nm。
化合物2  黄色固体(甲醇); $ {\left[\alpha \right]}_{\mathrm{D}}^{20} $ -74.67 (c 0.10, MeOH); ECD (c 0.11, MeOH) λmaxε) 194 (11.26), 209 (-2.79), 216 (-1.39), 233 (-5.83) nm; HR-ESI-MS给出准分子离子峰m/z 421.129 3 [M-H]- (计算值421.129 3, C24H21O7); 1H NMR (600 MHz, CD3OD) 和13C NMR (150 MHz, CD3OD) 数据见表 1。鉴定化合物2为longifoin B。
化合物3  黄色固体(甲醇); $ {\left[\alpha \right]}_{\mathrm{D}}^{20} $ -10.67 (c 0.10, MeOH); ECD (c 0.11, MeOH) λmaxε) 191 (13.17), 213 (-5.42) nm; HR-ESI-MS给出准分子离子峰m/z 421.129 1 [M-H]- (计算值421.129 3, C24H21O7); 1H NMR (600 MHz, CD3OD) 和13C NMR (150 MHz, CD3OD) 数据见表 1。鉴定化合物3为longifoin C。
化合物4  黄色固体(甲醇); ESI-MS m/z 289 [M+H]+, 分子式为C15H12O61H NMR (600 MHz, CD3OD): δH 6.92 (1H, s, H-2′), 6.79 (2H, s, H-5′, 6′), 5.88 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz, H-8), 5.86 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz, H-6), 5.27 (1H, dd, J = 12.8, 2.9 Hz, H-2), 3.05 (1H, dd, J = 17.1, 12.8 Hz, H-3a), 2.69 (1H, dd, J = 17.1, 2.9 Hz, H-3b); 13C NMR (150 MHz, CD3OD): δC 80.4 (C-2), 44.1 (C-3), 197.5 (C-4), 165.4 (C-5), 97.3 (C-6), 169.3 (C-7), 96.5 (C-8), 164.8 (C-9), 103.1 (C-10), 131.8 (C-1′), 114.7 (C-2′), 146.5 (C-3′), 146.9 (C-4′), 116.2 (C-5′), 119.2 (C-6′)。以上数据与文献[22]报道基本一致, 故鉴定化合物4为圣草酚。
化合物5  黄色固体(甲醇); ESI-MS m/z 273 [M+H]+, 分子式为C15H12O51H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6): δH 7.31 (2H, d, J = 8.5 Hz, H-2ʹ, 6ʹ), 6.79 (2H, d, J = 8.6 Hz, H-3ʹ, 5ʹ), 5.83 (2H, q, J = 2.1 Hz, H-6, 8), 5.42 (1H, dd, J = 12.8, 2.9 Hz, H-2), 3.24 (1H, dd, J = 17.1, 12.8 Hz, H-3a), 2.66 (1H, dd, J = 17.1, 3.0 Hz, H-3b); 13C NMR (150 MHz, DMSO-d6): δC 78.3 (C-2), 42.0 (C-3), 196.0 (C-4), 163.5 (C-5), 96.0 (C-6), 167.7 (C-7), 95.2 (C-8), 162.9 (C-9), 101.4 (C-10), 128.9 (C-1ʹ), 128.3 (C-2ʹ), 115.1 (C-3ʹ), 157.7 (C-4ʹ), 115.1 (C-5ʹ), 128.3 (C-6ʹ)。以上数据与文献[23]报道基本一致, 故鉴定化合物5为柚皮素。
化合物6  白色固体(甲醇); ESI-MS m/z 257 [M+H]+, 分子式为C15H12O41H NMR (600 MHz, CD3OD): δH 7.73 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz, H-5), 7.32 (2H, d, J = 8.5 Hz, H-2ʹ, 6ʹ), 6.82 (2H, d, J = 8.5 Hz, H-3ʹ, 5ʹ), 6.50 (1H, dd, J = 8.8, 2.2 Hz, H-6), 6.36 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz, H-8), 5.38 (1H, dd, J = 13.1, 2.9 Hz, H-2), 3.05 (1H, dd, J = 16.9, 13.1 Hz, H-3a), 2.69 (1H, dd, J = 16.9, 2.9 Hz, H-3b); 13C NMR (150 MHz, CD3OD): δC 81.0 (C-2), 45.0 (C-3), 193.5 (C-4), 131.4 (C-5), 111.7 (C-6), 166.8 (C-7), 103.8 (C-8), 165.6 (C-9), 115.0 (C-10), 129.9 (C-1ʹ), 129.0 (C-2ʹ, 6ʹ), 116.3 (C-3ʹ, 5ʹ), 159.0 (C-4ʹ)。以上数据与文献[24]报道基本一致, 故鉴定化合物6为甘草素。
化合物7  白色固体(甲醇); ESI-MS m/z 317 [M+H]+, 分子式为C17H16O61H NMR (600 MHz, CD3OD): δH 7.08 (1H, d, J = 1.7 Hz, H-2ʹ), 6.93 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz, H-6ʹ), 6.82 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz, H-5ʹ), 6.07 (1H, d, J = 2.3 Hz, H-8), 6.05 (1H, d, J = 2.3 Hz, H-6), 5.38 (1H, dd, J = 13.1, 2.9 Hz, H-2), 3.88 (3H, s, 7-OCH3), 3.81 (3H, s, 4ʹ-OCH3), 3.18 (1H, dd, J = 17.2, 13.1 Hz, H-3a), 2.75 (1H, dd, J = 17.2, 2.9 Hz, H-3b); 13C NMR (150 MHz, CD3OD): δC 80.7 (C-2), 44.2 (C-3), 198.3 (C-4), 165.3 (C-5), 95.8 (C-6), 169.5 (C-7), 95.0 (C-8), 164.7 (C-9), 104.1 (C-10), 131.6 (C-1ʹ), 111.3 (C-2ʹ), 148.2 (C-3ʹ), 149.1 (C-4ʹ), 116.1 (C-5ʹ), 120.6 (C-6ʹ), 56.5 (7-OCH3), 56.3 (4ʹ-OCH3)。以上数据与文献[25]报道基本一致, 故鉴定化合物7为5, 3ʹ-二羟基-7, 4ʹ-二甲氧基二氢黄酮。
化合物8  淡黄色固体(甲醇); ESI-MS m/z 435 [M+H]+, 分子式为C21H22O101H NMR (600 MHz, CD3OD): δH 7.32 (2H, d, J = 8.4 Hz, H-2′, 6′), 6.82 (2H, d, J = 8.4 Hz, H-3′, 5′), 6.21 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz, H-8), 6.19 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz, H-6), 5.38 (1H, dt, J = 13.0, 3.2 Hz, H-2), 4.98 (1H, t, J = 6.8 Hz, H-1″), 3.88 (1H, d, J = 11.9 Hz, H-6a″), 3.69 (1H, dt, J = 11.9, 5.1 Hz, H-6b″), 3.45 (3H, m, H-2″, 3″, 5″), 3.39 (1H, dt, J = 9.4, 2.4 Hz, H-4″), 3.17 (1H, dd, J = 17.2, 13.0 Hz, H-3a), 2.75 (1H, dt, J = 17.2, 3.2 Hz, H-3b); 13C NMR (150 MHz, CD3OD): δC 80.6 (C-2), 44.2 (C-3), 198.6 (C-4), 165.0 (C-5), 98.0 (C-6), 167.0 (C-7), 96.9 (C-8), 164.6 (C-9), 104.9 (C-10), 130.8 (C-1′), 129.1 (C-2′, 6′), 116.3 (C-3′, 5′), 159.1 (C-4′), 101.2 (C-1″), 74.6 (C-2″), 77.8 (C-3″), 71.2 (C-4″), 78.2 (C-5″), 62.3 (C-6″)。以上数据与文献[26]报道基本一致, 故鉴定化合物8为柚皮素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷。
化合物9  黄色固体(甲醇); ESI-MS m/z 305 [M+H]+, 分子式为C15H12O71H NMR (600 MHz, CD3OD) δH: 6.97 (1H, br s, H-2′), 6.85 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz, H-6′), 6.81 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz, H-5′), 5.92 (1H, s, H-8), 5.88 (1H, s, H-6), 4.91 (1H, d, J = 11.5 Hz, H-2), 4.50 (1H, d, J = 11.5 Hz, H-3); 13C NMR (150 MHz, CD3OD) δC: 85.0 (C-2), 73.6 (C-3), 198.3 (C-4), 165.2 (C-5), 97.3 (C-6), 168.7 (C-7), 96.3 (C-8), 164.4 (C-9), 101.8 (C-10), 129.8 (C-1′), 116.1 (C-2′), 146.2 (C-3′), 147.1 (C-4′), 115.9 (C-5′), 120.9 (C-6′)。以上数据与文献[27]报道基本一致, 故鉴定化合物9为二氢槲皮素。
化合物10  黄色固体(甲醇); ESI-MS m/z 287 [M-H]-, 分子式为C15H12O61H NMR (600 MHz, CD3OD): δH 7.35 (2H, d, J = 8.5 Hz, H-2′, 6′), 6.83 (2H, d, J = 8.6 Hz, H-3′, 5′), 5.93 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz, H-8), 5.88 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz, H-6), 4.98 (1H, d, J = 11.6 Hz, H-2), 4.54 (1H, d, J = 11.6 Hz, H-3); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CD3OD): δC 85.0 (C-2), 73.6 (C-3), 198.5 (C-4), 165.3 (C-5), 97.3 (C-6), 168.8 (C-7), 96.3 (C-8), 164.5 (C-9), 101.8 (C-10), 129.3 (C-1′), 130.4 (C-2′, 6′), 116.1 (C-3′, 5′), 159.2 (C-4′)。以上数据与文献[28]报道基本一致, 故鉴定化合物10为二氢山柰酚。
化合物11  淡黄色固体(甲醇); ESI-MS m/z 273 [M+H]+, 分子式为C15H12O51H NMR (600 MHz, CD3OD): δH 7.70 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz, H-5), 7.37 (2H, d, J = 8.5 Hz, H-2′, 6′), 6.83 (2H, d, J = 8.6 Hz, H-3′, 5′), 6.50 (1H, dd, J = 8.7, 2.2 Hz, H-6), 6.28 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz, H-8), 4.98 (1H, d, J = 11.8 Hz, H-2), 4.50 (1H, d, J = 11.8 Hz, H-3); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CD3OD): δC 74.5 (C-2), 85.4 (C-3), 194.3 (C-4), 130.0 (C-5), 112.6 (C-6), 167.0 (C-7), 104.0 (C-8), 165.3 (C-9), 113.0 (C-10), 129.6 (C-1′), 130.4 (C-2′, 6′), 116.1 (C-3′, 5′), 159.1 (C-4′)。以上数据与文献[29]报道基本一致, 故鉴定化合物11为(-)-garbanzol。
化合物12  黄色固体(甲醇); ESI-MS m/z 319 [M+H]+, 分子式为C16H14O。1H NMR (600 MHz, CD3OD): δH 6.97 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz, H-2′), 6.85 (1H, dd, J = 8.1, 2.0 Hz, H-6′), 6.80 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz, H-5′), 5.91 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz, H-8), 5.87 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz, H-6), 4.90 (1H, d, J = 11.5 Hz, H-2), 4.50 (1H, d, J = 11.5 Hz, H-3), 3.35 (3H, s, 3-OCH3); 13C NMR (150 MHz, CD3OD): δC 73.6 (C-2), 85.1 (C-3), 198.2 (C-4), 165.2 (C-5), 97.4 (C-6), 169.1 (C-7), 96.4 (C-8), 164.4 (C-9), 101.7 (C-10), 129.9 (C-1′), 115.9 (C-2′), 147.1 (C-3′), 146.3 (C-4′), 116.1 (C-5′), 120.9 (C-6′), 49.8 (3-OCH3)。以上数据与文献[30]报道基本一致, 故鉴定化合物12为(2R, 3R)-4-methoxyl-distylin。
化合物13  黄色固体(甲醇); ESI-MS m/z 287 [M+H]+, 分子式为C15H10O61H NMR (600 MHz, CD3OD): δH 8.09 (2H, d, J = 8.5 Hz, H-2′, 6′), 6.91 (2H, d, J = 8.5 Hz, H-3′, 5′), 6.40 (1H, s, H-8), 6.18 (1H, s, H-6); 13C NMR (150 MHz, CD3OD): δC 148.1 (C-2), 137.1 (C-3), 177.4 (C-4), 162.5 (C-5), 99.3 (C-6), 165.7 (C-7), 94.5 (C-8), 158.3 (C-9), 104.5 (C-10), 123.7 (C-1′), 130.7 (C-2′, 6′), 116.3 (C-3′, 5′), 160.6 (C-4′)。以上数据与文献[31]报道基本一致, 故鉴定化合物13为山柰酚。
化合物14  黄色固体(甲醇); ESI-MS m/z 303 [M+H]+, 分子式为C15H10O71H NMR (600 MHz, CD3OD) δH: 7.74 (1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz, H-2′), 7.64 (1H, dd, J = 8.5, 1.8 Hz, H-6′), 6.89 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz, H-5′), 6.39 (1H, s, H-8), 6.18 (1H, s, H-6); 13C NMR (150 MHz, CD3OD) δC: 148.8 (C-2), 137.2 (C-3), 177.3 (C-4), 162.5 (C-5), 99.2 (C-6), 165.6 (C-7), 94.4 (C-8), 158.2 (C-9), 104.5 (C-10), 124.2 (C-1′), 116.2 (C-2′), 146.2 (C-3′), 148.0 (C-4′), 116.0 (C-5′), 121.7 (C-6′)。以上数据与文献[32]报道基本一致, 故鉴定化合物14为槲皮素。
化合物15  淡黄色固体(甲醇); ESI-MS m/z 275 [M+H]+, 分子式为C15H14O51H NMR (600 MHz, CD3OD): δH 7.65 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz, H-6′), 7.02 (2H, d, J = 8.5 Hz, H-2, 6), 6.67 (2H, d, J = 8.5 Hz, H-3, 5), 6.31 (1H, dd, J = 9.0, 2.3 Hz, H-5′), 6.23 (1H, d, J = 2.3 Hz, H-3′), 5.13 (1H, dd, J = 7.6, 4.8 Hz, H-α), 3.02 (1H, dd, J = 14.0, 4.8 Hz, H-βa), 2.83 (1H, dd, J = 14.0, 7.6 Hz, H-βb); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CD3OD): δC 74.2 (C-α), 42.3(C-β), 129.4 (C-1), 131.5 (C-2, 6), 116.0 (C-3, 5), 157.1 (C-4), 111.4 (C-1′), 165.3 (C-2′), 104.0 (C-3′), 167.0 (C-4′), 110.3 (C-5′), 133.4 (C-6′), 204.3 (C=O)。以上数据与文献[33]报道基本一致, 故鉴定化合物15α, 4, 2′, 4′-tetrahydroxydihydrochalcone。
化合物16  红棕色固体(甲醇); ESI-MS m/z 275 [M+H]+, 分子式为C15H14O51H NMR (600 MHz, CD3OD): δH 7.04 (2H, d, J = 8.4 Hz, H-2, 6), 6.69 (2H, d, J = 8.4 Hz, H-3, 5), 5.80 (2H, s, H-3′, 5′), 3.27 (2H, t, J = 8.0 Hz, COCH2CH2), 2.85 (2H, t, J = 8.0 Hz, COCH2CH2); 13C NMR (150 MHz, CD3OD): δC 134.0 (C-1), 130.3 (C-2, 6), 116.1 (C-3, 5), 156.5 (C-4), 105.3 (C-1′), 165.8 (C-2′, 6′), 96.4 (C-3′, 5′), 166.4 (C-4′), 206.3 (C-CO), 47.3 (C-α), 31.5 (C-β)。以上数据与文献[34]报道基本一致, 故鉴定化合物16为phloretin。
化合物17  橙红色固体(甲醇); ESI-MS m/z 291 [M+H]+, 分子式为C15H14O61H NMR (600 MHz, CD3OD): δH 6.86 (1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz, H-2′), 6.79 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz, H-5′), 6.74 (1H, dd, J = 8.1, 1.8 Hz, H-6′), 5.95 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz, H-6), 5.88 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz, H-8), 4.59 (1H, d, J = 7.5 Hz, H-2), 4.00 (1H, td, J = 8.0, 5.4 Hz, H-3), 2.87 (1H, dd, J = 16.1, 5.4 Hz, H-4a), 2.53 (1H, dd, J = 16.1, 8.0 Hz, H-4b); 13C NMR (150 MHz, CD3OD): δC 82.8 (C-2), 68.8 (C-3), 28.5 (C-4), 157.5 (C-5), 96.3 (C-6), 156.9 (C-7), 95.5 (C-8), 157.8 (C-9), 100.8 (C-10), 132.2 (C-1′), 115.2 (C-2′), 146.2 (C-3′), 146.2 (C-4′), 116.1 (C-5′), 120.0 (C-6′)。以上数据与文献[35]报道基本一致, 故鉴定化合物17为(+)-儿茶素。
化合物18  黄色固体(甲醇); ESI-MS m/z 363 [M+H]+, 分子式为C18H18O8。该化合物的核磁数据与已报道的rosacatechin A[36]、(+)-8-methoxycarbonylcatechin[37]基本一致, 不同之处在于C-8位取代基的碳链长度, 经HSQC、HMBC信号分析, 确定C-8位为乙酰基取代, 最终确定该化合物为ethyl (+)-cyanidan-3-ol-8-carboxylate。通过SciFinder检索该化合物发现为已知天然产物, 且已有3篇文献[38-40]报道该化合物, 但均未记载相关核磁数据, 遂本文特做补充。1H NMR (600 MHz, CD3OD): δH 6.79 (1H, d, J = 1.6 Hz, H-2′), 6.76 (1H, d, J = 8.0 Hz, H-5′), 6.68 (1H, dd, J = 8.0, 1.6 Hz, H-6′), 5.96 (1H, s, H-6), 4.75 (1H, d, J = 6.8 Hz, H-2), 4.53 (2H, q, J = 7.2 Hz, H-2″), 4.03 (1H, q, J = 7.0 Hz, H-3), 2.80 (1H, dd, J = 16.3, 5.0 Hz, H-4a), 2.55 (1H, dd, J = 16.3, 7.5 Hz, H-4b), 1.43 (3H, t, J = 7.2 Hz, H-3″); 13C NMR (150 MHz, CD3OD): δC 83.3 (C-2), 68.0 (C-3), 27.3 (C-4), 161.3 (C-5), 96.5 (C-6), 161.6 (C-7), 95.0 (C-8), 162.2 (C-9), 101.4 (C-10), 131.4 (C-1′), 114.9 (C-2′), 146.4 (C-3′), 146.4 (C-4′), 116.2 (C-5′), 119.6 (C-6′), 171.3 (C-CO), 63.2 (C-2″), 14.6 (C-3″)。鉴定化合物18为ethyl (+)-cyanidan-3-ol-8-carboxylate。
化合物19  黄色固体(甲醇); ESI-MS m/z 343 [M+H]+, 分子式为C18H14O71H NMR (600 MHz, CD3OD): δH 8.01 (1H, d, J = 9.6 Hz, H-11), 6.84 (1H, br s, H-2′), 6.78 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz, H-6′), 6.72 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz, H-5′), 6.33 (1H, s, H-6), 6.03 (1H, d, J = 9.6 Hz, H-12), 4.83 (1H, d, J = 7.0 Hz, H-2), 4.10 (1H, q, J = 7.0 Hz, H-3), 2.88 (1H, dd, J = 16.6, 5.1 Hz, H-4a), 2.63 (1H, dd, J = 16.6, 7.5 Hz, H-4b); 13C NMR (150 MHz, CD3OD): δC 83.3 (C-2), 67.8 (C-3), 27.8 (C-4), 161.6 (C-5), 95.4 (C-6), 156.0 (C-7), 106.0 (C-8), 152.8 (C-9), 103.4 (C-10), 141.0 (C-11), 110.0 (C-12), 164.2 (C-13), 131.2 (C-1′), 114.9 (C-2′), 146.5 (C-3′), 146.4 (C-4′), 116.3 (C-5′), 119.7 (C-6′)。以上数据与文献[41]报道基本一致, 故鉴定化合物19为phyllocoumarin。
化合物20  白色固体(甲醇); ESI-MS m/z 197 [M-H]-, 分子式为C9H10O51H NMR (600 MHz, CD3OD): δH 7.17 (1H, d, J=1.9 Hz, H-2), 7.16 (1H, d, J=1.9 Hz, H-6), 3.87 (3H, s, 7-OCH3), 3.84 (3H, s, 3-OCH3); 13C NMR (150 MHz, CD3OD): δC 121.4 (C-1), 106.0 (C-2), 149.1 (C-3), 140.6 (C-4), 146.3 (C-5), 111.9 (C-6), 168.8 (C-7), 52.4 (3-OCH3), 56.7 (7-OCH3)。以上数据与文献[42]报道基本一致, 故鉴定化合物20为methyl 3-methoxy-4, 5-dihydroxybenzoate。
化合物21  淡黄色油状(甲醇); ESI-MS m/z 213 [M+H]+, 分子式为C10H12O51H NMR (600 MHz, CD3OD): δH 7.17 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz, H-2), 7.16 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz, H-6), 3.87 (3H, s, 4-OCH3), 3.86 (3H, s, 5-OCH3), 3.84 (3H, s, COOCH3); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CD3OD): δC 126.5 (C-1), 112.1 (C-2), 151.9 (C-3), 142.2 (C-4), 154.4 (C-5), 105.8 (C-6), 168.4 (C-7), 61.0 (4-OCH3), 56.5 (5-OCH3), 52.6 (7-OCH3)。以上数据与文献[43]报道基本一致, 故鉴定化合物21为4, 5-dimethoxy-3-hydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester。
化合物22  白色固体(甲醇); ESI-MS m/z 331 [M+H]+, 分子式为C16H10O81H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6): δH 7.50 (1H, s, H-5), 7.49 (1H, s, H-5′), 4.04 (3H, s, 3-OCH3), 3.97 (3H, s, 4′-OCH3); 13C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6): δC 111.5 (C-1), 141.6 (C-2), 140.0 (C-3), 152.5 (C-4), 111.3 (C-5), 112.7 (C-6), 158.6 (C-7), 106.9 (C-1′), 140.5 (C-2′), 135.6 (C-3′), 149.8 (C-4′), 106.7 (C-5′), 113.6 (C-6′), 158.7 (C-7′), 60.9 (3-OCH3), 56.6 (4′-OCH3)。以上数据与文献[44]报道基本一致, 故鉴定化合物22为3, 4′-di-O-methylellagic acid。
化合物23  白色固体(甲醇), 易溶于DMF, DMSO微溶; ESI-MS m/z 345 [M+H]+, 分子式为C17H12O81H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6): δH 10.83 (1H, s, 4′-OH), 7.63 (1H, s, 5ʹ-ArH), 7.54 (1H, s, 5-ArH), 4.06 (3H, s, 3ʹ-OCH3), 4.04 (3H, s, 3-OCH3), 4.00 (3H, s, 4-OCH3); 13C NMR (150 MHz, DMSO-d6): δC 112.5 (C-1), 141.5 (C-2), 140.9 (C-3), 152.6 (C-4), 107.5 (C-5), 113.4 (C-6), 158.5 (C-7), 111.2 (C-1ʹ), 141.0 (C-2ʹ), 140.2 (C-3ʹ), 153.8 (C-4ʹ), 111.7 (C-5ʹ), 112.0 (C-6ʹ), 158.3 (C-7ʹ), 61.3 (C-3-OCH3), 56.7 (C-4-OCH3), 61.0 (C-3ʹ-OCH3)。以上数据与文献[45]报道基本一致, 故鉴定化合物23为3, 4, 3′-三甲基逆没食子酸。
化合物24  白色固体(甲醇); ESI-MS m/z 477 [M+H]+, 分子式为C22H20O121H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6): δH 7.78 (1H, s, H-5), 7.65 (1H, s, H-5ʹ), 5.19 (1H, d, J = 7.4 Hz, xyl-1), 4.09 (3H, s, OCH3-3), 4.05 (3H, s, OCH3-3ʹ), 4.01 (3H, s, OCH3-4ʹ), 3.83 (1H, dd, J = 10.2, 4.4 Hz, xyl-5a), 3.46~3.35 (4H, m, xyl-2, 3, 4, 5b); 13C NMR (150 MHz, DMSO-d6): δC 113.8 (C-1), 141.9 (C-2), 141.2 (C-3), 154.4 (C-4), 112.0 (C-5), 112.7 (C-6), 158.4 (C-7), 112.9 (C-1ʹ), 141.2 (C-2ʹ), 140.9 (C-3ʹ), 151.6 (C-4ʹ), 107.6 (C-5ʹ), 112.3 (C-6ʹ), 158.2 (C-7ʹ), 61.7 (OCH3-3), 61.3 (OCH3-3ʹ), 56.8 (OCH3-4ʹ), 101.7 (xyl-1), 73.0 (xyl-2), 76.1 (xyl-3), 69.2 (xyl-4), 65.8 (xyl-5)。以上数据与文献[44]报道基本一致, 故鉴定化合物24为3, 3ʹ, 4ʹ-O-trimethylellagic acid-4-O-β-D-xyloside。
化合物25  淡黄色固体(甲醇); ESI-MS m/z 273 [M+H]+, 分子式为C15H12O51H NMR (600 MHz, CD3OD): δH 7.32 (2H, d, J = 8.6 Hz, H-2′, 6′), 6.82 (2H, d, J = 8.5 Hz, H-3′, 5′), 6.27 (1H, br s, H-5), 6.23 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz, H-7), 5.49 (1H, dd, J = 12.2, 3.0 Hz, H-3), 3.26 (1H, dd, J = 16.4, 12.2 Hz, H-4a), 3.02 (1H, dd, J = 16.4, 3.0 Hz, H-4b); 13C NMR (150 MHz, CD3OD): δC 171.8 (C-1), 82.1 (C-3), 35.9 (C-4), 143.7 (C-4a), 108.0 (C-5), 166.5 (C-6), 102.3 (C-7), 165.7 (C-8), 101.6 (C-8a), 130.8 (C-1′), 129.0 (C-2′, 6′), 116.3 (C-3′, 5′), 159.1 (C-4′)。以上数据与文献[46]报道基本一致, 故鉴定化合物25为(3R)-thunberginol C。
化合物26  淡黄色固体(甲醇); ESI-MS m/z 229 [M+H]+, 分子式为C14H12O31H NMR (600 MHz, CD3OD): δH 7.35 (2H, d, J = 8.6 Hz, H-2′, 6′), 6.95 (1H, d, J = 16.3 Hz, H-a), 6.80 (1H, d, J = 16.3 Hz, H-b), 6.76 (2H, d, J = 8.6 Hz, H-3′, 5′), 6.44 (2H, d, J = 2.1 Hz, H-2, 6), 6.16 (1H, t, J = 2.1 Hz, H-4); 13C NMR (150 MHz, CD3OD): δC 141.3 (C-1), 105.8 (C-2, 6), 159.7 (C-3, 5), 102.7 (C-4), 130.4 (C-1′), 129.4 (C-2′, 6′), 116.5 (C-3′, 5′), 158.4 (C-4′), 127.0 (C-a), 128.8 (C-b)。以上数据与文献[47]报道基本一致, 故鉴定化合物26为resveratrol。
化合物27  白色固体(甲醇); ESI-MS m/z 373 [M-H]-, 分子式为C20H22O71H NMR (600 MHz, CD3OD): δH 7.07 (1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz, H-2″), 7.03 (1H, d, J = 1.6 Hz, H-2′), 6.91 (1H, dd, J = 8.1, 1.6 Hz, H-6′), 6.86 (1H, dd, J = 8.1, 1.8 Hz, H-6″), 6.78 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz, H-5″), 6.77 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz, H-5′), 4.65 (1H, s, H-2), 4.43 (1H, d, J = 7.9 Hz, H-6), 4.07 (1H, dd, J = 9.6, 6.3 Hz, H-8a), 4.02 (1H, d, J = 10.2 Hz, H-8b), 3.87 (3H, s, 3″-OCH3), 3.86 (3H, s, 3′-OCH3), 3.60 (1H, d, J = 10.2 Hz, H-4a), 3.41 (1H, d, J = 10.2 Hz, H-4b), 2.63 (1H, t, J = 6.9 Hz, H-5); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CD3OD): δC 94.2 (C-1), 87.2 (C-2), 77.2 (C-4), 64.0 (C-5), 90.5 (C-6), 70.5 (C-8), 130.2 (C-1′), 110.1 (C-2′), 148.7 (C-3′), 147.0 (C-4′), 115.9 (C-5′), 119.0 (C-6′), 133.4 (C-1″), 111.1 (C-2″), 149.2 (C-3″), 147.6 (C-4″), 115.9 (C-5″), 120.5 (C-6″), 56.4 (3″-OCH3), 56.4 (3′-OCH3)。以上数据与文献[48]报道基本一致, 故鉴定化合物27为1-hydroxypinoresinol。
化合物28  白色固体(甲醇); ESI-MS m/z 345 [M-H]-, 分子式为C19H22O61H NMR (600 MHz, CD3OD): δH 7.00 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz, H-2), 6.89 (1H, dd, J = 8.1, 2.0 Hz, H-6), 6.86 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz, H-5′), 6.84 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz, H-5), 6.75 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz, H-2′), 6.70 (1H, dd, J = 8.2, 2.1 Hz, H-6′), 4.87 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz, H-7), 4.01 (1H, ddd, J = 8.1, 4.6, 2.5 Hz, H-8), 3.87 (3H, s, 3-OCH3), 3.67 (1H, dd, J = 12.3, 2.5 Hz, H-9a), 3.55 (2H, t, J = 6.5 Hz, H-9′), 3.47 (1H, dd, J = 12.3, 4.6 Hz, H-9b), 2.58 (2H, t, J = 7.4 Hz, H-7′), 1.80 (2H, m, H-8′); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CD3OD): δC 129.7 (C-1), 112.0 (C-2), 149.2 (C-3), 148.3 (C-4), 116.2 (C-5), 121.7 (C-6), 77.7 (C-7), 79.8 (C-8), 62.2 (C-9), 136.5 (C-1′), 117.7 (C-2′), 145.1 (C-3′), 143.0 (C-4′), 117.7 (C-5′), 122.4 (C-6′), 32.4 (C-7′), 35.6 (C-8′), 62.2 (C-9′), 56.4 (3-OCH3)。以上数据与文献[49]报道基本一致, 故鉴定化合物28为(7S, 8S)-3-methoxy-3′, 7-epoxy-8, 4′-oxyneoligna-4, 9, 9′-triol。
化合物29  黄色固体(甲醇); ESI-MS m/z 455 [M+Na]+, 分子式为C21H20O101H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6): δH 13.18 (1H, s, 1-OH), 7.45 (1H, s, H-4), 7.28 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz, H-5), 7.15 (1H, s, H-2), 6.99 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz, H-7), 5.05 (1H, d, J = 7.7 Hz, Glc-H-1′), 3.71 (1H, m, Glc-H-5′), 3.52 (1H, m, Glc-H-6′a), 3.43 (1H, m, Glc-H-2′), 3.39 (1H, m, Glc-H-6′b), 3.37 (1H, m, Glc-H-3′), 3.23 (1H, m, Glc-H-4′), 2.40 (3H, s, 3-CH3); 13C NMR (150 MHz, DMSO-d6): δC 164.3 (C-1), 119.2 (C-2), 146.9 (C-3), 124.2 (C-4), 108.3 (C-5), 161.1 (C-6), 108.4 (C-7), 161.7 (C-8), 186.4 (C-9), 182.1 (C-10), 132.1 (C-4a), 113.2 (C-8a), 114.5 (C-9a), 136.5 (C-10a), 21.4 (3-CH3), 100.8 (Glc-1′), 73.3 (Glc-2′), 77.3 (Glc-3′), 69.4 (Glc-4′), 76.4 (Glc-5′), 60.6 (Glc-6′)。以上数据与文献[50]报道基本一致, 故鉴定化合物29为大黄素-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷。
化合物30  白色固体(甲醇); ESI-MS m/z 169 [M+H]+, 分子式为C8H8O41H NMR (600 MHz, CD3OD): δH 5.79 (2H, s, H-3, 5), 2.60 (3H, s, CH3); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CD3OD): δC 105.6 (C-1), 166.0 (C-2, 6), 95.7 (C-3, 5), 166.7 (C-4), 204.5 (COCH3), 32.7 (COCH3)。以上数据与文献[51]报道基本一致, 故鉴定化合物30为phloracetophenone。
化合物31  白色固体(甲醇); ESI-MS m/z 351 [2M+Na]+, 分子式为C10H12O21H NMR (600 MHz, CD3OD): δH 7.00 (2H, d, J = 8.5 Hz, H-2′, 6′), 6.68 (2H, d, J = 8.5 Hz, H-3′, 5′), 2.75 (4H, m, 2H-3, 2H-4), 2.11 (3H, s, COCH3); 13C NMR (150 MHz, CD3OD): δC 30.0 (C-1), 211.4 (C-2), 46.3 (C-3), 30.0 (C-4), 133.2 (C-1′), 130.2 (C-2′, 6′), 116.2 (C-3′, 5′), 156.7 (C-4′)。以上数据与文献[52]报道基本一致, 故鉴定化合物31为4-(4′-hydroxyphenyl)-butan-2-one。
作者贡献: 吴龙龙是本文的第一作者, 负责成分分离、结构鉴定和论文撰写; 刘静雯参与Nrf2激动活性测定; 余钟莲参与化学成分分离; 张刘强与李医明是本文的通讯作者, 设计和组织了整个实验, 并对课题进行指导和管理, 以及负责修改稿件。
利益冲突: 所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(81973458)
  • 转化医学国家重大科技基础设施开放课题(TMSK-2021-404)
  • 上海市“中药药效物质”E-研究院项目(E14017)
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0456
  • 接收时间:2023-04-12
  • 首发时间:2025-11-28
  • 出版时间:2024-01-12
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  • 收稿日期:2023-04-12
  • 修回日期:2023-06-12
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(81973458)
转化医学国家重大科技基础设施开放课题(TMSK-2021-404)
上海市“中药药效物质”E-研究院项目(E14017)
作者信息
    1.上海中医药大学中药学院, 上海 201203
    2.上海中医药大学科技实验中心, 上海 201203

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*张刘强, Tel: 86-21-51322207, E-mail: ;
李医明, Tel: 86-21-51322191, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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